tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-80103688136380324072024-03-28T23:27:38.194-04:00MS Views and NewsMS Views and News, empowers those affected by Multiple Sclerosis (MS) with educational information, resources and services. Visit Our Youtube Channel: https://Youtube.com/MSViewsandNews
Stuart http://www.blogger.com/profile/14853421273383452873noreply@blogger.comBlogger8861125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8010368813638032407.post-36365983868494063892024-02-18T19:36:00.004-05:002024-02-18T19:36:58.802-05:00New Free Workshop - Trevor Wicken is doing Hip Flexors <p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgHNutOIHLtHzCj2mQPj4KDOAqJ5Kl2BzANBYE0hhx-kxir9kpxvzJ7u3W7U1dTM8fPxybYiJHJXVJiAT1lzMwIRl-MoIQ2CDErebTbSKPN5Q-6xZJMHPWVENqMr99kg3E8n23MWA5dzSqqQH8DpgA0vssLDGNloSk0MSfR3joacdbT_9QCw3VTtFy81wIz" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="796" data-original-width="1054" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgHNutOIHLtHzCj2mQPj4KDOAqJ5Kl2BzANBYE0hhx-kxir9kpxvzJ7u3W7U1dTM8fPxybYiJHJXVJiAT1lzMwIRl-MoIQ2CDErebTbSKPN5Q-6xZJMHPWVENqMr99kg3E8n23MWA5dzSqqQH8DpgA0vssLDGNloSk0MSfR3joacdbT_9QCw3VTtFy81wIz" width="318" /></a></div><br /><p></p><p style="text-align: center;"><b><a href="https://themsgym.mykajabi.com/HipFlexorFitnessML" target="_blank">CLICK here</a> to learn more of the exciting Free Workshop</b></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p> </p><div class="blogger-post-footer">Visit our MS Learning Channel on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/msviewsandnews
</div>Stuart http://www.blogger.com/profile/14853421273383452873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8010368813638032407.post-7468656911375847272024-02-15T09:34:00.005-05:002024-02-15T09:34:55.170-05:00Press Release: Phase 2 data published in NEJM show potential of frexalimab as high-efficacy therapy in relapsing MS (sanofi.com)<p> <em style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Sanofi Sans", "Work Sans", Raleway, Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Phase 2 data published in NEJM show potential of frexalimab as high-efficacy therapy in relapsing MS</em></p><ul class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-sqijso-MuiTypography-root" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Sanofi Sans", "Work Sans", Raleway, Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 24px 0px 0px;"><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1ubkcfk-MuiTypography-root" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1rem; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px;">High-dose frexalimab significantly reduced disease activity, demonstrating 89% reduction in new brain lesions</li><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1ubkcfk-MuiTypography-root" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1rem; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px;">Phase 3 trials in relapsing MS and non-relapsing secondary progressive MS currently underway</li></ul><p class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-sqijso-MuiTypography-root" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Sanofi Sans", "Work Sans", Raleway, Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 24px 0px 0px;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit;">Paris, February 15, 2024.</strong> <em style="box-sizing: inherit;">The New England Journal of Medicine</em> <a class="elements-ds-rtmnu6" href="https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2309439" style="-webkit-box-align: center; align-items: center; border-radius: 4px; border: none; box-sizing: inherit; color: #7a00e6; cursor: pointer; display: inline-flex; font-size: 1rem; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 24px; position: relative; width: fit-content;">published</a> results from a positive Phase 2 clinical trial demonstrating frexalimab significantly slowed disease activity in people with relapsing multiple sclerosis (MS), corresponding to 89% and 79% reduction in new gadolinium-enhancing (GdE) T1 brain lesions at Week 12 in the high- and low-dose treatment arms compared to placebo, meeting the study’s primary endpoint. Findings also showed both doses of frexalimab provided significant reduction in new or enlarging T2 lesions, a secondary endpoint of the study. Frexalimab is Sanofi’s novel second-generation investigational anti-CD40L antibody that has a unique method of action with the potential to address both acute and chronic neuroinflammation in MS without causing lymphocyte depletion. These data were previously presented at Consortium of Multiple Sclerosis Centers annual meeting 2023.</p><p class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-sqijso-MuiTypography-root" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Sanofi Sans", "Work Sans", Raleway, Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 24px 0px 0px;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit;">Patrick Vermersch, MD, PhD</strong><br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />University of Lille, CHU Lille, France<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /><em style="box-sizing: inherit;">“These published Phase 2 results for frexalimab represent important data in not only the potential treatment of MS but to the broader MS community. Of note, at Week 12, both doses of frexalimab provided reduction of new lesions – a standard measure of active inflammation in MS – and was well-sustained over time and well tolerated, especially at the high dose of frexalimab where 96% of patients were free of new active lesions after 24 weeks of treatment.”</em></p><p class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-sqijso-MuiTypography-root" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Sanofi Sans", "Work Sans", Raleway, Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 24px 0px 0px;">Results published in <em style="box-sizing: inherit;">NEJM</em> stem from the Phase 2 clinical trial that randomized 129 adults with relapsing MS to receive one of two doses of the anti-CD40L antibody frexalimab (n=52 and n=51, in the high- and low-dose treatment arms, respectively) or matching placebo (n=12 and n=14, respectively; pooled for efficacy analyses). In the high-dose treatment arm, participants received 1200 mg of frexalimab intravenously every 4 weeks with an 1800 mg loading dose. In the low-dose treatment arm, participants received 300 mg of frexalimab subcutaneously every 2 weeks with a 600 mg loading dose. After 12 weeks of treatment, both doses of frexalimab led to significant reductions in:</p><ul class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-sqijso-MuiTypography-root" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Sanofi Sans", "Work Sans", Raleway, Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 24px 0px 0px;"><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1ubkcfk-MuiTypography-root" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1rem; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px;">The number of new GdE T1-lesions at Week 12, providing rate ratios of 0.11 (95% CI, 0.03 to 0.38) and 0.21 (95% CI, 0.08 to 0.56), corresponding to 89% and 79% reduction in the high- and low-dose treatment arms versus placebo, the primary endpoint.</li><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1ubkcfk-MuiTypography-root" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1rem; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px;">The number of new/enlarging T2-lesions at Week 12, providing rate ratios of 0.08 (95% CI, 0.03 to 0.26) and 0.14 (95% CI, 0.05 to 0.41), corresponding to 92% and 86% reduction in the high- and low-dose treatment arms versus placebo, respectively, a secondary endpoint.</li><li class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-1ubkcfk-MuiTypography-root" style="box-sizing: inherit; font-size: 1rem; letter-spacing: 0px; line-height: 24px; margin: 0px;">The total number of GdE T1-lesions at Week 12 providing rate ratios of 0.12 (95% CI, 0.04 to 0.36) and 0.20 (95% CI, 0.07 to 0.53) corresponding to 88% and 80% reduction, respectively, another secondary endpoint.<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /><br style="box-sizing: inherit;" /></li></ul><p class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-sqijso-MuiTypography-root" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Sanofi Sans", "Work Sans", Raleway, Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 24px 0px 0px;">The effects on the primary endpoint were sustained over time across both treatment arms, with even greater reduction seen in the high-dose frexalimab treatment arm, as 96% of these study participants were free of new GdE T1-lesions at Week 24.</p><p class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-sqijso-MuiTypography-root" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Sanofi Sans", "Work Sans", Raleway, Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 24px 0px 0px;">Exploratory endpoints looked at changes in the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale 29 (MSIS-29), a patient-reported outcome, plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL), which has been identified as a biomarker of neuroaxonal damage and MS disease activity, as well as plasma levels of CXCL13, a biomarker of inflammatory activity. Over 12 weeks of treatment, patient-reported outcome MSIS-29 physical impact scores improved significantly in participants receiving the higher dose of frexalimab. The least-square [LS] mean difference (95% confidence interval) was -7.9 (-14.7,-1.2), compared to pooled placebo. Both doses of frexalimab achieved a reduction in NfL levels relative to baseline (24% and 18% in the high- and low-dose treatment arms, respectively) and in CXCL13 levels relative to baseline (21% and 30% in the high- and low-dose treatment arms, respectively) compared to pooled placebo at Week 12.</p><p class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-sqijso-MuiTypography-root" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Sanofi Sans", "Work Sans", Raleway, Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 24px 0px 0px;">Frexalimab was well-tolerated, and 125 (97%) participants completed Part A and continued to the open-label Part B. The most common adverse events (≥5%) in any frexalimab-treated group were COVID-19 (n=5 [9.8%] in the lower-dose group; all uncomplicated cases of mild or moderate intensity) and headache (n=1 [2.0%] and n=3 [5.8%] in the low- and high-dose group, respectively).</p><p class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-sqijso-MuiTypography-root" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Sanofi Sans", "Work Sans", Raleway, Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 24px 0px 0px;">Sanofi has initiated Phase 3 clinical trials of frexalimab in relapsing MS and non-relapsing secondary progressive MS.</p><p class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-sqijso-MuiTypography-root" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Sanofi Sans", "Work Sans", Raleway, Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 24px 0px 0px;"><em style="box-sizing: inherit;">About the Phase 2 trial</em><br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />The Phase 2 trial was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluating frexalimab in participants with relapsing MS. Participants were randomized (4:4:1:1) to receive either high or low doses of frexalimab or matching placebo for 12 weeks (Part A). The primary endpoint was the reduction in the number of new GdE T1 MRI brain lesions at Week 12. Secondary endpoints included additional MRI-based efficacy measures as well as the safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of frexalimab. After Week 12, participants receiving placebo switched to respective frexalimab arms and entered the open-label Part B, which is currently ongoing.</p><p class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-sqijso-MuiTypography-root" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Sanofi Sans", "Work Sans", Raleway, Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 24px 0px 0px;"><em style="box-sizing: inherit;">About frexalimab</em><br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />Frexalimab (SAR441344) is a potentially best-in-disease second generation investigational anti-CD40L antibody that blocks the costimulatory CD40/CD40L pathway which is important for activation and function of adaptive (T and B cells) and innate (macrophages/microglia and dendritic cells) immunity. Through this unique upstream mechanism of action, frexalimab has the potential to address both acute and chronic neuroinflammation in MS, without causing lymphocyte depletion. Sanofi is developing frexalimab under an exclusive license from ImmuNext Inc. Frexalimab is being evaluated in Phase 3 clinical trials for Multiple Sclerosis and Phase 2 clinical trials for Sjogren’s Syndrome, Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, and Type 1 Diabetes, and its safety and efficacy have not been reviewed by any regulatory authority. For more information on frexalimab clinical trials, please visit www.clinicaltrials.gov.</p><p class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-sqijso-MuiTypography-root" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Sanofi Sans", "Work Sans", Raleway, Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 24px 0px 0px;"><em style="box-sizing: inherit;">About Sanofi</em><br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />We are an innovative global healthcare company, driven by one purpose: we chase the miracles of science to improve people’s lives. Our team, across some 100 countries, is dedicated to transforming the practice of medicine by working to turn the impossible into the possible. We provide potentially life-changing treatment options and life-saving vaccine protection to millions of people globally, while putting sustainability and social responsibility at the center of our ambitions.<br style="box-sizing: inherit;" />Sanofi is listed on EURONEXT: SAN and NASDAQ: SNY</p><p class="MuiTypography-root MuiTypography-body1 css-sqijso-MuiTypography-root" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0d0d0d; font-family: "Sanofi Sans", "Work Sans", Raleway, Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin: 24px 0px 0px;">See complete article, <a href="https://www.sanofi.com/en/media-room/press-releases/2024/2024-02-15-13-00-00-2829933" target="_blank">here</a></p><p><br /></p><div class="blogger-post-footer">Visit our MS Learning Channel on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/msviewsandnews
</div>Stuart http://www.blogger.com/profile/14853421273383452873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8010368813638032407.post-7523107747811588472024-02-02T15:15:00.002-05:002024-02-02T15:15:29.460-05:00Ancient DNA From Eurasian Herders Sheds Light on the Origins of Multiple Sclerosis<p> January 14, 2014</p><p><span style="font-family: "open sans", sans-serif; font-size: 22.4px;">Genetic variants linked to the risk of MS were brought to Europe during a migration around 5,000 years ago, a new study finds—and they might have helped herders survive</span></p><p><span style="font-family: "open sans", sans-serif; font-size: 22.4px;"><br /></span></p><p><span style="font-family: "open sans", sans-serif; font-size: 22.4px;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhJc2aIVecPoPkZjY9RyVL92-Dxdj2fazFyPqJu7j_uKaNcYmHUq4GzY3BKk94ZHmWYSAvWZ8GGrs7c_JlyAKfx5p2kfaY0HTXYX6YjE_LT8GGvN8SW9w4K4qShgdJ_RfZCvSJR4YtDAsKhXeHzCQB25Ak6oX7GajlYe7IQe-9LXdfNSKSq5ZIupEOrdyyy" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="397" data-original-width="527" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhJc2aIVecPoPkZjY9RyVL92-Dxdj2fazFyPqJu7j_uKaNcYmHUq4GzY3BKk94ZHmWYSAvWZ8GGrs7c_JlyAKfx5p2kfaY0HTXYX6YjE_LT8GGvN8SW9w4K4qShgdJ_RfZCvSJR4YtDAsKhXeHzCQB25Ak6oX7GajlYe7IQe-9LXdfNSKSq5ZIupEOrdyyy" width="319" /></a></div><span style="color: #353535; font-family: "open sans", sans-serif; font-size: 14.4px;">Genes that significantly increase risk of developing multiple sclerosis were introduced to northwestern Europe by herders who migrated from the east around 5,000 years ago. </span><span class="credit" style="color: grey; font-family: "open sans", sans-serif; font-size: 0.75rem; line-height: 1.125; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">SayoStudio</span><p></p><p><span style="font-family: "open sans", sans-serif;"><span style="color: grey;"><span style="font-size: 12px;"><br /></span></span></span></p><p style="font-family: "open sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; line-height: 1.88; word-break: break-word;">More than <a href="https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/multiple-sclerosis#:~:text=Multiple%20sclerosis%20(MS)%20affects%20function,million%20people%20have%20MS%20worldwide." style="color: black; text-decoration-thickness: 2px; text-underline-offset: 2px;" target="_blank">1.8 million people</a> around the world have the autoimmune disease multiple sclerosis (MS). The condition, in which a person’s immune system attacks their brain and spinal cord, is most common in northern Europe, but researchers haven’t been entirely sure why.</p><p style="font-family: "open sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; line-height: 1.88; word-break: break-word;">A new study of ancient DNA, published Wednesday in the journal <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06618-z" style="color: black; text-decoration-thickness: 2px; text-underline-offset: 2px;" target="_blank"><em>Nature</em></a>, sheds light on this trend, suggesting herders who migrated to Europe from western Eurasia around 5,000 years ago carried genetic variants linked to MS. These variants grew in prevalence at the time and contribute to an increased risk for the disease today, the paper authors write.</p><p style="font-family: "open sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; line-height: 1.88; word-break: break-word;">“This is a tour de force,” <a href="https://socialexposome.ubc.ca/people/lluis-quintana-murci" style="color: black; text-decoration-thickness: 2px; text-underline-offset: 2px;" target="_blank">Lluís Quintana-Murci</a>, a population geneticist at the Pasteur Institute in Paris who did not contribute to the findings, tells <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-00024-9" style="color: black; text-decoration-thickness: 2px; text-underline-offset: 2px;" target="_blank"><em>Nature News</em></a>’ Sara Reardon.</p><p style="font-family: "open sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; line-height: 1.88; word-break: break-word;">The study accompanies <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06865-0" style="color: black; text-decoration-thickness: 2px; text-underline-offset: 2px;" target="_blank">three</a> <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06862-3" style="color: black; text-decoration-thickness: 2px; text-underline-offset: 2px;" target="_blank">other</a> new <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06705-1" style="color: black; text-decoration-thickness: 2px; text-underline-offset: 2px;" target="_blank">papers</a> in <em>Nature</em> investigating ancient DNA in Europe and Asia. One of those found that genes linked to an increased risk for diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease were carried by hunter-gatherers.</p><p style="font-family: "open sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; line-height: 1.88; word-break: break-word;">“Processes that were occurring many thousands of years ago are having these really pronounced and profound effects on the health and longevity of people in the present,” <a href="https://research.ku.dk/search/result/?pure=en%2Fpersons%2Fevan-irvingpease(27d9d81c-c331-49af-8718-bb1f0dc3ad97).html" style="color: black; text-decoration-thickness: 2px; text-underline-offset: 2px;" target="_blank">Evan Irving-Pease</a>, an author of all four of the studies and a population geneticist at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark, tells the <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2024/01/10/ancient-dna-multiple-sclerosis-european-ancestry/" style="color: black; text-decoration-thickness: 2px; text-underline-offset: 2px;" target="_blank"><em>Washington Post</em></a>’s Carolyn Y. Johnson.</p><p style="font-family: "open sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; line-height: 1.88; word-break: break-word;">Researchers explored this history by sequencing ancient genomes and comparing them to modern DNA. The team examined ancient DNA from bones and teeth dating to the Mesolithic period and Bronze Age, as well as new genomes collected from Medieval times. They studied this data against DNA from 410,000 white British people included in the modern <a href="https://www.ukbiobank.ac.uk/" style="color: black; text-decoration-thickness: 2px; text-underline-offset: 2px;" target="_blank">U.K. Biobank</a>.</p><p style="font-family: "open sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; line-height: 1.88; word-break: break-word;">Major migrations had a strong impact on genetic diversity in western Eurasia, the authors write. Hunter-gatherers entered the picture around 45,000 years ago, farmers came from the Middle East around 11,000 years ago and herders migrated from the <a href="https://www.oneearth.org/ecoregions/pontic-steppe/" style="color: black; text-decoration-thickness: 2px; text-underline-offset: 2px;" target="_blank">Pontic Steppe</a>, a grassland region in the Balkans and western Asia, around 5,000 years ago.</p><p style="font-family: "open sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; line-height: 1.88; word-break: break-word;">These herders, known as the Yamnaya, rode horses and drove ox-drawn carts, writes <a href="https://www.sciencenews.org/article/yamnaya-herders-dna-europeans-genetic-multiple-sclerosis" style="color: black; text-decoration-thickness: 2px; text-underline-offset: 2px;" target="_blank"><em>Science News</em></a>’ Bruce Bower. And they buried their dead with gold and jewelry, per the <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/10/science/ancient-human-genes-multiple-sclerosis.html" style="color: black; text-decoration-thickness: 2px; text-underline-offset: 2px;" target="_blank"><em>New York Times</em></a>’ Carl Zimmer. Most people in northern Europe today can trace their ancestry to this group.</p><p style="font-family: "open sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; line-height: 1.88; word-break: break-word;">Major migrations had a strong impact on genetic diversity in western Eurasia, the authors write. Hunter-gatherers entered the picture around 45,000 years ago, farmers came from the Middle East around 11,000 years ago and herders migrated from the <a href="https://www.oneearth.org/ecoregions/pontic-steppe/" style="color: black; text-decoration-thickness: 2px; text-underline-offset: 2px;" target="_blank">Pontic Steppe</a>, a grassland region in the Balkans and western Asia, around 5,000 years ago.</p><p style="font-family: "open sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; line-height: 1.88; word-break: break-word;">These herders, known as the Yamnaya, rode horses and drove ox-drawn carts, writes <a href="https://www.sciencenews.org/article/yamnaya-herders-dna-europeans-genetic-multiple-sclerosis" style="color: black; text-decoration-thickness: 2px; text-underline-offset: 2px;" target="_blank"><em>Science News</em></a>’ Bruce Bower. And they buried their dead with gold and jewelry, per the <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2024/01/10/science/ancient-human-genes-multiple-sclerosis.html" style="color: black; text-decoration-thickness: 2px; text-underline-offset: 2px;" target="_blank"><em>New York Times</em></a>’ Carl Zimmer. Most people in northern Europe today can trace their ancestry to this group.</p><figure class="article-image right" style="float: right; font-family: "open sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 44px; padding: 7px 0px 20px; width: 307px;"><img alt="Two brain scans showing a horizontal slice of the brain. The scans reveal scar tissue associated with multiple sclerosis." loading="lazy" src="https://th-thumbnailer.cdn-si-edu.com/WuTdL_jORNQpatX5hL3nZOgQDTY=/fit-in/1072x0/filters:focal(1729x1210:1730x1211)/https://tf-cmsv2-smithsonianmag-media.s3.amazonaws.com/filer_public/46/aa/46aa972c-803a-463a-99ca-f084634f7efc/gettyimages-151032758.jpg" style="height: auto; width: 307px;" /><figcaption class="caption" style="color: #353535; font-size: 0.9rem; line-height: 1.25; margin: 4px 0px 0px; padding: 0px;">A brain scan showing scar tissue associated with multiple sclerosis. Researchers are still working to better understand what causes the disease, but genetic factors are thought to play a significant role. <span class="credit" style="color: grey; font-size: 0.75rem; line-height: 1.125; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">BSIP / UIG Via Getty Images</span></figcaption></figure><p style="font-family: "open sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; line-height: 1.88; word-break: break-word;">The researchers found that variants linked to MS arose around 5,000 years ago in the Yamnaya, who spread their genes when they got to northern Europe. These variants increased in prevalence for the steppe population, and later, in the European population, which signaled to the scientists that that they might have provided an evolutionary advantage.</p><p style="font-family: "open sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; line-height: 1.88; word-break: break-word;">“These variants that are causing the high risk of multiple sclerosis today must in the past have had a benefit,” <a href="https://www.zoo.cam.ac.uk/directory/professor-eske-willerslev" style="color: black; text-decoration-thickness: 2px; text-underline-offset: 2px;" target="_blank">Eske Willerslev</a>, a geneticist at the University of Copenhagen and a leader of the research, tells the <em>New York Times</em>.</p><p style="font-family: "open sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; line-height: 1.88; word-break: break-word;"><a href="https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/ancient-dna-from-eurasian-herders-sheds-light-on-the-origins-of-multiple-sclerosis-180983579/#:~:text=The%20researchers%20found%20that%20variants,they%20got%20to%20northern%20Europe." target="_blank">Continue reading this interesting story from The Smithsonian</a></p><p style="font-family: "open sans", sans-serif; font-size: 17.6px; line-height: 1.88; word-break: break-word;">----------</p><div class="blogger-post-footer">Visit our MS Learning Channel on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/msviewsandnews
</div>Stuart http://www.blogger.com/profile/14853421273383452873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8010368813638032407.post-4305201953901804392024-01-25T15:29:00.005-05:002024-01-31T09:12:11.550-05:00MS ECHO training for rural, frontline healthcare providers - CE Credits available<p style="text-align: left;"> <span face="Aptos, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">MS
ECHO training for rural, frontline healthcare providers. This training
was designed to better inform local providers, recognizing that many rural
residents face barriers to accessing neurological care. </span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span face="Aptos, sans-serif"><br /></span><span face="Aptos, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span face="Aptos, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">The
sessions take place once per month, the first Wednesday of the month for an
hour. Participants can attend as many sessions as they would like, all free of
charge with continuing education credits provided. </span></p><p style="text-align: left;"><span face="Aptos, sans-serif"><br /></span><span face="Aptos, sans-serif" style="font-size: 12pt;">For information and to register, send email to: </span><span face="Aptos, sans-serif"> sward@institutephi.org </span></p><p></p><ul style="text-align: left;"><a href=" sward@institutephi.org" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;" target="_blank"><img alt="" data-original-height="1514" data-original-width="2978" height="163" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhq_SmULaaQYqRmKzHAyZXP0LYCAu7aP6fM4_gOLrv-9EgCqiJ2Hhx4A3tVPGsKRyZ9P6n3RanHC_Ny9Sr9XtQkwmQGgqsUJZSn9o4Biwc9r9ECAD2fzAsQ2xWkWNJHNAMoISgpTW1gvhrFCcnXc4BUgEcIS_v_7NRzHSpfC0CZN_Tt5NQfuQKHwvQNxRke=w320-h163" width="320" /></a><li></li></ul><p></p>
<p><br /><br /></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href=" sward@institutephi.org" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1580" data-original-width="2951" height="171" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh6FKWWh9EBOW4B_Lb5ice9anOlg8nAZOg6tSIDAuaOGzoz1Elld7V4cg9fzxr_pYI95yGHogDsBzPHiZ4VWY4B3vg6rtav2U6CmiKPiuz2mNmhj2M7T87LrLj1L-ANuJVAfr538UWvck8SVcWNqTSStdvDmpQPesTgodeUmQBpbBo-GADWReydw1oisF1w=w320-h171" width="320" /></a></div><br /><br /><p></p><div class="blogger-post-footer">Visit our MS Learning Channel on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/msviewsandnews
</div>Stuart http://www.blogger.com/profile/14853421273383452873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8010368813638032407.post-33926467923010270262024-01-24T17:16:00.003-05:002024-01-24T17:20:52.681-05:00Accessible Living: Renovation Tips<p><b> <span face="arial, Arial, sans-serif" style="color: #333333; font-size: 14px;">If you want to age in place or have a disability that requires modifying your home to make your life easier and more comfortable, you must learn about accessible living. When renovating, you'll want to consult professionals specializing in universal design or accessibility modifications. They can provide expert advice tailored to your needs and ensure the renovations meet safety standards and regulations. Here are the basics you'll want to consider for your accessible renovation:</span></b></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: arial, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><img alt="" src="https://77fe644c572ff1ba8a08-aa3fcb8dba820dc6b4fabb3e45b3ad4d.ssl.cf1.rackcdn.com/images/media/211849/article_380/GettyImages-1332297277.jpg?1697141575" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; float: right; height: 254px; margin: 7px; vertical-align: middle; width: 380px;" /></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: arial, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box;">Widen doorways and remove barriers</b></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: arial, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">Widening doorways is crucial for accommodating mobility aids such as wheelchairs and walkers. Aim for a minimum width of 32 inches for doorways throughout the home. Additionally, consider removing barriers like steps or raised thresholds by installing ramps or lifts to ensure easy and safe movement between rooms and various levels of the house.</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: arial, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box;">Install grab bars and handrails</b></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: arial, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">Adding grab bars and handrails in slip-prone areas such as bathrooms, staircases and hallways can significantly enhance safety and stability. Install grab bars near toilets, showers and bathtubs to assist with sitting, standing and balance. Sturdy handrails along staircases can provide support and prevent falls.</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: arial, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box;">Use accessible bathroom features</b></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: arial, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">Bathrooms are essential spaces to focus on for accessibility. Consider installing a walk-in shower with a bench or built-in seating, handheld showerheads and slip-resistant flooring. Install lever handles instead of knobs on faucets and door handles for more effortless operation. Ensure there is enough space to maneuver a wheelchair or mobility aid comfortably around the room.</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: arial, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box;">Adapt the kitchen</b></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: arial, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">Make the kitchen more accessible by considering features such as lowered or adjustable-height countertops to accommodate individuals who use wheelchairs. Install pull-out shelves and drawers for easier access to storage. Ensure that kitchen appliances like stoves and sinks have controls and handles that are easy to reach and operate.</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: arial, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><b style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box;">Improve lighting and eliminate tripping hazards</b></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: arial, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;">Adequate lighting is important for individuals who are visually impaired or have mobility challenges. Install bright, even lighting throughout the home, including in hallways, staircases and entryways. Eliminate tripping hazards by making sure floor surfaces are even, removing loose rugs and securing electrical cords.</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #333333; font-family: arial, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px 0px 10px;"><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>Stay informed with MS information, news and resources. Sign-up Here: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=video_description&redir_token=QUFFLUhqbDZGekwxbWxBc011WXZFa1NUYnpDekZNWDBNd3xBQ3Jtc0tuMWZxRzZ6VURLMGI1TmJmUTNUamtuOHZucEVRc3VxYW5STXdjLV9JNTdXT2RwbFdwT0J3ZkJ0akVtRFZ5VTdHVEJaaDVHd0VDZS1sWXZUOXl4YndUNko2SHFyQXpUZWFwMVFDcE5oSDAyWDdkWUdpQQ&q=https%3A%2F%2Fbit.ly%2F3NkMIeR&v=deRucFKSNBY">https://bit.ly/3NkMIeR</a> </p><p>Visit the MS Views and News articles and videos archives: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=video_description&redir_token=QUFFLUhqbF9kT3FnbklFZ3ZxT3l6SXpTTTY3Nk5uUnVKd3xBQ3Jtc0ttZEE1WHVDVXZjUXE5c1FVdjdhcDNMNkN6THB6elh0Q3IwSC1naXltNW40azR5Z25MR3phcXdKUlctVXVXTGZmR2MzQUkySDFUUUVKRExyZWowSFFEWE1HQ2dwcUtzbE9ObGYzbnRCclNYSl9hNWRWOA&q=https%3A%2F%2Fwwwmsviewsandrelatednews.blogspot.com%2F&v=deRucFKSNBY">https://wwwmsviewsandrelatednews.blog</a></p><p><br /></p><div class="blogger-post-footer">Visit our MS Learning Channel on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/msviewsandnews
</div>Stuart http://www.blogger.com/profile/14853421273383452873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8010368813638032407.post-74634912206564731922024-01-19T09:38:00.000-05:002024-01-19T09:38:59.545-05:00Blood levels of GFAP protein may predict disease progression in PPMS<p><b> <span style="color: #212121; font-family: Aleo, serif; font-size: 20px;">Risk of disability worsening nearly 3 times greater with high GFAP: Study</span></b></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEit5Pna-HbpVgPgOvCFg5feZ7dos6pst1Rgv_7NmM_pN8-GEmHgDlA4QX8r7OscevwuR9DMLlBMsSYJGuwqmW4dgemsXsi7C4uR7PogAyUFfwz_qOO_8BrEdLDiigBgzhtAGUgWTwJfWoq_83Em2RLNbNv5OLHFkmQ0dEq8NsDiLqRphGPIUosmM3o0WkG5" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="350" data-original-width="700" height="160" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEit5Pna-HbpVgPgOvCFg5feZ7dos6pst1Rgv_7NmM_pN8-GEmHgDlA4QX8r7OscevwuR9DMLlBMsSYJGuwqmW4dgemsXsi7C4uR7PogAyUFfwz_qOO_8BrEdLDiigBgzhtAGUgWTwJfWoq_83Em2RLNbNv5OLHFkmQ0dEq8NsDiLqRphGPIUosmM3o0WkG5" width="320" /></a></div><span style="color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px;">The ongoing worsening of disability among people with </span><a href="https://multiplesclerosisnewstoday.com/primary-progressive-multiple-sclerosis-ppms/" style="border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(10, 97, 124) !important; font-family: "Gotham A", "Gotham B", Gotham, sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; text-decoration-line: none;">primary progressive multiple sclerosis</a><span style="color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px;"> (PPMS) may be predicted by elevated blood levels of the GFAP protein, a marker of damage to star-shaped support cells in the brain and spinal cord called astrocytes, a study suggests.</span><p></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;">The risk of disability progression was nearly three times higher in PPMS patients with high GFAP levels, the data showed. Moreover, it increased to four times higher among patients who also had low levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL), a marker for nerve cell damage.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;">These findings suggest that testing both GFAP and NfL may help identify PPMS patients with less active disease and a particularly high progression risk, according to the researchers.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;">The team noted that “insufficient tools to evaluate the disease course are some of the critical limitations” of caring for those with progressive MS at this time.</p><div class="code-block code-block-6" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #212121; display: inline; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px auto; text-align: center;"></div><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;">The study, “<a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/acn3.51969" style="border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(10, 97, 124) !important; font-family: "Gotham A", "Gotham B", Gotham, sans-serif; font-size: 0.972rem; text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: underline;">Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein and disability progression in progressive multiple sclerosis</span></a>,” was published in the <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/23289503" style="border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(10, 97, 124) !important; font-family: "Gotham A", "Gotham B", Gotham, sans-serif; font-size: 0.972rem; text-decoration-line: none;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology</em></a>.</p><p><span style="color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px;"></span></p><div class="bio-post-preview-inline" style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 32px auto;"><span class="bio-post-preview--eyebrow bio-type-body--xsmall" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: block; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 12px;"><span class="bio-post-preview--eyebrow bio-type-body--xsmall" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: block; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 12px;"><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: Aleo, serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.15; margin: 16px 0px;">Predicting progression a ‘significant unmet need’ in PPMS</h3><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;">MS is a chronic neurological disorder that affects the brain and spinal cord, marked by specific areas of damage, known as <a href="https://multiplesclerosisnewstoday.com/ms-lesions/" style="border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(10, 97, 124) !important; font-family: "Gotham A", "Gotham B", Gotham, sans-serif; font-size: 0.972rem; text-decoration-line: none;">lesions</a>, that can be seen on imaging scans. Such lesions disrupt the normal function of nerve impulses, resulting in a wide range of <a href="https://multiplesclerosisnewstoday.com/symptoms-of-multiple-sclerosis/" style="border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(10, 97, 124) !important; font-family: "Gotham A", "Gotham B", Gotham, sans-serif; font-size: 0.972rem; text-decoration-line: none;">MS symptoms</a>.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;">The majority of patients are initially diagnosed with <a href="https://multiplesclerosisnewstoday.com/relapsing-remitting-multiple-sclerosis-rrms/" style="border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(10, 97, 124) !important; font-family: "Gotham A", "Gotham B", Gotham, sans-serif; font-size: 0.972rem; text-decoration-line: none;">relapsing-remitting MS</a> (RRMS), in which periods of acute symptom worsening, called <a href="https://multiplesclerosisnewstoday.com/ms-flares/" style="border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(10, 97, 124) !important; font-family: "Gotham A", "Gotham B", Gotham, sans-serif; font-size: 0.972rem; text-decoration-line: none;">relapses</a>, are interspersed with periods when symptoms ease or go away, or remission. These patients can then transition into a progressive form of the disease called <a href="https://multiplesclerosisnewstoday.com/secondary-progressive-multiple-sclerosis-spms/" style="border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(10, 97, 124) !important; font-family: "Gotham A", "Gotham B", Gotham, sans-serif; font-size: 0.972rem; text-decoration-line: none;">secondary progressive MS</a> (SPMS), in which the disease steadily worsens even in the absence of relapses.</p><div class="code-block code-block-7" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #212121; display: inline; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px auto; text-align: center;"></div><span style="color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px;"></span><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;">In the alternate, about 1 in 10 patients will first be diagnosed with PPMS, characterized by a constant worsening of symptoms from disease onset, with or without relapses.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;">According to the researchers, based at the University Hospital of Ulm, in Germany, “progression prediction is a significant unmet need in people with progressive multiple sclerosis.”</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32478196/" style="border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(10, 97, 124) !important; font-family: "Gotham A", "Gotham B", Gotham, sans-serif; font-size: 0.972rem;">EmBioProMS</a> is an ongoing multicenter observational study in Germany that aims to define the association between novel blood biomarkers and disease progression in a well-characterized group of SPMS or PPMS patients.</p><div class="code-block code-block-8" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #212121; display: inline; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px auto; text-align: center;"></div><span style="color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px;"></span><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;">As part of it, GFAP and NfL levels in blood samples were measured at least once for 243 participants, of whom 108 were <a href="https://multiplesclerosisnewstoday.com/multiple-sclerosis-diagnosis/" style="border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(10, 97, 124) !important; font-family: "Gotham A", "Gotham B", Gotham, sans-serif; font-size: 0.972rem; text-decoration-line: none;">diagnosed</a> with SPMS and 135 with PPMS.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;">GFAP provides structure to astrocytes, cells that support nerve cell function, while NfL supports the structure of nerve fibers. With damage, these proteins are released from cells and can be detected at higher than normal levels in the blood and other body fluids.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;"><a href="https://multiplesclerosisnewstoday.com/news-posts/2024/01/09/blood-levels-gfap-protein-may-help-predict-ppms-progression-study/?utm_source=MS&utm_campaign=9eed850381-RSS_EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_US_%2A%7CDATE%7C%2A&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_b5fb7a3dae-9eed850381-71296681" target="_blank">READ MORE</a></p></span></span></div><p>Stay informed with MS information, news and resources. Sign-up Here: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=video_description&redir_token=QUFFLUhqbDZGekwxbWxBc011WXZFa1NUYnpDekZNWDBNd3xBQ3Jtc0tuMWZxRzZ6VURLMGI1TmJmUTNUamtuOHZucEVRc3VxYW5STXdjLV9JNTdXT2RwbFdwT0J3ZkJ0akVtRFZ5VTdHVEJaaDVHd0VDZS1sWXZUOXl4YndUNko2SHFyQXpUZWFwMVFDcE5oSDAyWDdkWUdpQQ&q=https%3A%2F%2Fbit.ly%2F3NkMIeR&v=deRucFKSNBY">https://bit.ly/3NkMIeR</a> </p><p><br /></p><div class="blogger-post-footer">Visit our MS Learning Channel on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/msviewsandnews
</div>Stuart http://www.blogger.com/profile/14853421273383452873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8010368813638032407.post-6022207192600050442024-01-16T15:57:00.000-05:002024-01-16T15:57:11.572-05:00The MS Views and News Learning Channel, Presents: THE 2023 MS SYMPOSIUM - watch these educational videos with MS Neurologists Boster, Rosenthal, Steingo and more<p> <a aria-hidden="true" class="yt-simple-endpoint inline-block style-scope ytd-thumbnail" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tIAlCMCaI7A&list=PLHh7nEiNKkSqj_qWU7__Ik9OAN2U_ZP82&index=1&t=21s&pp=iAQB" id="thumbnail" rel="null" style="border-radius: 8px; cursor: pointer; display: inline !important; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; height: 90px; inset: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; text-decoration-line: none;" tabindex="-1"><yt-image alt="" class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail" ftl-eligible="" notify-on-loaded="" notify-on-unloaded=""><img alt="" class="yt-core-image--fill-parent-height yt-core-image--fill-parent-width yt-core-image yt-core-image--content-mode-scale-aspect-fill yt-core-image--loaded" src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/tIAlCMCaI7A/hqdefault.jpg?sqp=-oaymwEcCNACELwBSFXyq4qpAw4IARUAAIhCGAFwAcABBg==&rs=AOn4CLB1g9FdsojPeSNptAjquHqCwVx87Q" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 90px; margin: 0px; min-height: 1px; min-width: 1px; object-fit: cover; padding: 0px; visibility: inherit; width: 160px;" /></yt-image></a></p><ytd-playlist-video-renderer amsterdam-post-mvp="" class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-list-renderer" lockup="true" style-type="" style="align-items: center; background-color: white; border-radius: 12px; cursor: default; display: flex; flex-direction: row; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;"><div class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" id="content" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; display: flex; flex-flow: wrap; flex: 1 1 1e-09px; justify-content: flex-start; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 8px 0px;"><div class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" id="container" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; display: flex; flex-basis: 368px; flex-direction: row; flex-grow: 1; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px;"><ytd-thumbnail class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" hide-playback-status="" id="thumbnail" loaded="" size="medium" style="display: block; flex: 0 0 auto; height: 90px; margin-right: 8px; position: relative; width: 160px;"><a aria-hidden="true" class="yt-simple-endpoint inline-block style-scope ytd-thumbnail" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tIAlCMCaI7A&list=PLHh7nEiNKkSqj_qWU7__Ik9OAN2U_ZP82&index=1&t=21s&pp=iAQB" id="thumbnail" rel="null" style="border-radius: 8px; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 90px; inset: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; text-decoration-line: none;" tabindex="-1"><div class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail" id="overlays" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><ytd-thumbnail-overlay-now-playing-renderer class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail" style="align-items: center; background-color: var(--yt-spec-static-overlay-background-heavy); color: white; display: flex; flex-direction: row; inset: 0px; justify-content: center; line-height: 1.8rem; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; text-align: center; text-transform: uppercase; transition: opacity 0.3s ease 0s; z-index: 1;"><span class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-now-playing-renderer" id="overlay-text" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">PLAYING</span><ytd-thumbnail-overlay-equalizer class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-now-playing-renderer" style="bottom: 0px; display: inline-flex; height: 28px; margin: 6px; position: absolute; right: 0px; width: 16px;"><svg class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-equalizer" id="equalizer" viewbox="0 0 55 95" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-equalizer"><rect class="bar style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-equalizer" x="0"></rect><rect class="bar style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-equalizer" x="20"></rect><rect class="bar style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-equalizer" x="40"></rect></g></svg></ytd-thumbnail-overlay-equalizer></ytd-thumbnail-overlay-now-playing-renderer></div><div class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail" id="mouseover-overlay" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div><div class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail" id="hover-overlays" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div></a></ytd-thumbnail><div class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" id="meta" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; flex: 1 1 1e-09px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px;"><h3 aria-label="2023 MS Symposium (Part 1 of 5) - LIVING WELL with MS, Pain Management, Biomarkers and More by The MS Views and News Learning Channel 69 views 1 month ago 59 minutes" class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: var(--yt-spec-text-primary); margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><ytd-badge-supported-renderer class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" id="top-standalone-badge" style="align-items: center; display: flex; flex-direction: row;" system-icons=""></ytd-badge-supported-renderer><a class="yt-simple-endpoint style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tIAlCMCaI7A&list=PLHh7nEiNKkSqj_qWU7__Ik9OAN2U_ZP82&index=1&t=21s&pp=iAQB" id="video-title" style="-webkit-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-line-clamp: 2; cursor: pointer; display: -webkit-box; flex-direction: row; flex: 1 1 1e-09px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 2.2rem; margin-bottom: 8px; max-height: 4.4rem; min-width: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-decoration-line: none; text-overflow: ellipsis;" title="2023 MS Symposium (Part 1 of 5) - LIVING WELL with MS, Pain Management, Biomarkers and More"><span style="font-size: small;">2023 MS Symposium (Part 1 of 5) - LIVING WELL with MS, Pain Management, Biomarkers and More</span></a></h3></div></div></div><div class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" id="menu" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; min-width: 40px; padding: 0px;"><ytd-menu-renderer class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" menu-active="" safe-area="" style="display: block; flex-direction: row; opacity: 1;"><div class="top-level-buttons style-scope ytd-menu-renderer" id="top-level-buttons-computed" style="align-items: center; background: transparent; border: 0px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div><div class="style-scope ytd-menu-renderer" id="flexible-item-buttons" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div><yt-icon-button class="dropdown-trigger style-scope ytd-menu-renderer" id="button" style-target="button" style="--yt-icon-button-icon-height: 24px; --yt-icon-button-icon-width: 24px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; height: var(--yt-icon-height); position: relative; width: var(--yt-icon-width);"><button aria-label="Action menu" class="style-scope yt-icon-button" id="button" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-color: initial; border-style: none; border-width: initial; cursor: pointer; height: 40px; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 40px;"><yt-icon class="style-scope ytd-menu-renderer" style="align-items: center; animation: var(--iron-icon-animation); color: var(--ytd-menu-renderer-button-color,var(--yt-spec-icon-inactive)); display: inline-flex; fill: var(--iron-icon-fill-color,currentcolor); height: var(--yt-icon-button-icon-height,100%); justify-content: center; margin-bottom: var(--iron-icon-margin-bottom); margin-left: var(--iron-icon-margin-left); margin-right: var(--iron-icon-margin-right); margin-top: var(--iron-icon-margin-top); padding: var(--iron-icon-padding); position: relative; stroke: var(--iron-icon-stroke-color,none); vertical-align: middle; width: var(--yt-icon-button-icon-width,100%);"><yt-icon-shape class="style-scope yt-icon" style="height: 24px; width: 24px;"><icon-shape class="yt-spec-icon-shape" style="align-items: center; display: flex; height: 24px; justify-content: center; width: 24px;"><div style="background: transparent; border: 0px; fill: currentcolor; height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 24px;"><svg enable-background="new 0 0 24 24" focusable="false" height="24" style="display: block; height: 100%; pointer-events: none; width: 100%;" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12 16.5c.83 0 1.5.67 1.5 1.5s-.67 1.5-1.5 1.5-1.5-.67-1.5-1.5.67-1.5 1.5-1.5zM10.5 12c0 .83.67 1.5 1.5 1.5s1.5-.67 1.5-1.5-.67-1.5-1.5-1.5-1.5.67-1.5 1.5zm0-6c0 .83.67 1.5 1.5 1.5s1.5-.67 1.5-1.5-.67-1.5-1.5-1.5-1.5.67-1.5 1.5z"></path></svg></div></icon-shape></yt-icon-shape></yt-icon></button><yt-interaction class="circular style-scope yt-icon-button" id="interaction" style="display: inline-block; inset: 0px; pointer-events: none; position: absolute;"><div class="stroke style-scope yt-interaction" style="background: transparent; border-radius: 50%; border: 1px solid var(--yt-spec-touch-response); inset: 0px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; padding: 0px; position: absolute; will-change: opacity;"></div><div class="fill style-scope yt-interaction" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: var(--yt-spec-touch-response); background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 50%; border: 0px; inset: 0px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; padding: 0px; position: absolute; will-change: opacity;"><br /></div></yt-interaction></yt-icon-button></ytd-menu-renderer></div></ytd-playlist-video-renderer><ytd-playlist-video-renderer amsterdam-post-mvp="" class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-list-renderer" lockup="true" style-type="" style="align-items: center; background-color: white; border-radius: 12px; cursor: default; display: flex; flex-direction: row; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;"><div class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" id="content" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; display: flex; flex-flow: wrap; flex: 1 1 1e-09px; justify-content: flex-start; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 8px 0px;"><div class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" id="container" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; display: flex; flex-basis: 368px; flex-direction: row; flex-grow: 1; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px;"><ytd-thumbnail class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" hide-playback-status="" id="thumbnail" loaded="" size="medium" style="display: block; flex: 0 0 auto; height: 90px; margin-right: 8px; position: relative; width: 160px;"><a aria-hidden="true" class="yt-simple-endpoint inline-block style-scope ytd-thumbnail" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ey6a7LI0iEA&list=PLHh7nEiNKkSqj_qWU7__Ik9OAN2U_ZP82&index=2&pp=iAQB" id="thumbnail" rel="null" style="border-radius: 8px; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 90px; inset: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; text-decoration-line: none;" tabindex="-1"><yt-image alt="" class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail" ftl-eligible="" notify-on-loaded="" notify-on-unloaded=""><img alt="" class="yt-core-image--fill-parent-height yt-core-image--fill-parent-width yt-core-image yt-core-image--content-mode-scale-aspect-fill yt-core-image--loaded" src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/ey6a7LI0iEA/hqdefault.jpg?sqp=-oaymwEcCNACELwBSFXyq4qpAw4IARUAAIhCGAFwAcABBg==&rs=AOn4CLCkCWfV_7HA-Vq7GK798YGGpc-ifg" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 90px; margin: 0px; min-height: 1px; min-width: 1px; object-fit: cover; padding: 0px; visibility: inherit; width: 160px;" /></yt-image><div class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail" id="overlays" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><ytd-thumbnail-overlay-time-status-renderer class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail" overlay-style="DEFAULT" style="bottom: 0px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin: 4px; position: absolute; right: 0px;"><ytd-badge-supported-renderer class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-time-status-renderer" is-thumbnail-badge="" style="align-items: center; display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin: 0px 4px;" system-icons=""></ytd-badge-supported-renderer><div class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-time-status-renderer" id="time-status" style="align-items: center; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: var(--yt-spec-static-overlay-background-heavy); background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: var(--yt-spec-static-brand-white); display: inline-flex; flex-direction: row; font-weight: var(--yt-badge-font-weight,500); height: 12px; letter-spacing: var(--yt-badge-letter-spacing,.5px); line-height: var(--yt-badge-line-height-size,1.2rem); margin: 0px; padding: 3px 4px;"><span aria-label="40 minutes, 26 seconds" class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-time-status-renderer" id="text" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; max-height: 1.2rem; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;">40:26</span></div></ytd-thumbnail-overlay-time-status-renderer><ytd-thumbnail-overlay-now-playing-renderer class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail" style="align-items: center; background-color: var(--yt-spec-static-overlay-background-heavy); color: white; display: flex; flex-direction: row; inset: 0px; justify-content: center; line-height: 1.8rem; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; text-align: center; text-transform: uppercase; transition: opacity 0.3s ease 0s; z-index: 1;"><span class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-now-playing-renderer" id="overlay-text" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">NOW PLAYING</span><ytd-thumbnail-overlay-equalizer class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-now-playing-renderer" style="bottom: 0px; display: inline-flex; height: 28px; margin: 6px; position: absolute; right: 0px; width: 16px;"><svg class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-equalizer" id="equalizer" viewbox="0 0 55 95" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-equalizer"><rect class="bar style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-equalizer" x="0"></rect><rect class="bar style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-equalizer" x="20"></rect><rect class="bar style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-equalizer" x="40"></rect></g></svg></ytd-thumbnail-overlay-equalizer></ytd-thumbnail-overlay-now-playing-renderer></div><div class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail" id="mouseover-overlay" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div><div class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail" id="hover-overlays" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div></a></ytd-thumbnail><div class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" id="meta" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; flex: 1 1 1e-09px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px;"><h3 aria-label="2023 MS Symposium (Part 2 of 5) - Mental Wellness in MS - Emotions, Mood Changes and more by The MS Views and News Learning Channel 156 views 2 weeks ago 40 minutes" class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: var(--yt-spec-text-primary); margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><ytd-badge-supported-renderer class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" id="top-standalone-badge" style="align-items: center; display: flex; flex-direction: row;" system-icons=""></ytd-badge-supported-renderer><a class="yt-simple-endpoint style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ey6a7LI0iEA&list=PLHh7nEiNKkSqj_qWU7__Ik9OAN2U_ZP82&index=2&pp=iAQB" id="video-title" style="-webkit-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-line-clamp: 2; cursor: pointer; display: -webkit-box; flex-direction: row; flex: 1 1 1e-09px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 2.2rem; margin-bottom: 8px; max-height: 4.4rem; min-width: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-decoration-line: none; text-overflow: ellipsis;" title="2023 MS Symposium (Part 2 of 5) - Mental Wellness in MS - Emotions, Mood Changes and more"><span style="font-size: small;">2023 MS Symposium (Part 2 of 5) - Mental Wellness in MS - Emotions, Mood Changes and more</span></a></h3><ytd-video-meta-block amsterdam-post-mvp="" class="playlist style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer byline-separated" style="display: flex; flex-direction: column;"><div class="style-scope ytd-video-meta-block" id="metadata" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; display: flex; flex-flow: wrap; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="style-scope ytd-video-meta-block" id="byline-container" style="-webkit-line-clamp: 1; align-items: center; background: transparent; border: 0px; display: flex; flex-flow: wrap; line-height: 1.8rem; margin: 0px; max-height: 1.8rem; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;"><ytd-channel-name class=" style-scope ytd-video-meta-block style-scope ytd-video-meta-block" id="channel-name" style="--yt-endpoint-color: var(--yt-spec-text-secondary); --yt-endpoint-visited-color: var(--yt-spec-text-secondary); --ytd-channel-name-badges-margin-right: 8px; --ytd-channel-name-text-complex-display: flex; --ytd-channel-name-text-display: block; align-items: center; align-self: flex-start; color: var(--yt-spec-text-secondary); display: flex; flex-direction: row; max-width: 100%; z-index: 300;"><div class="style-scope ytd-channel-name" id="container" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; display: var(--ytd-channel-name-container-display,inline-block); margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;"><div class="style-scope ytd-channel-name" id="text-container" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; display: var(--ytd-channel-name-text-container-display,block); margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><yt-formatted-string class="style-scope ytd-channel-name complex-string" ellipsis-truncate-styling="" ellipsis-truncate="" has-link-only_="" id="text" link-inherit-color="" style="-webkit-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-line-clamp: var(--ytd-channel-name-text-line-clamp,inherit); display: var(--ytd-channel-name-text-complex-display); flex-direction: row; font-weight: var(--ytd-channel-name-text-font-weight); line-height: var(--ytd-channel-name-text-line-height); overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: pre; word-break: break-word;" title="The MS Views and News Learning Channel"><br /></yt-formatted-string></div></div></ytd-channel-name><yt-formatted-string class="style-scope ytd-video-meta-block" id="video-info" style="color: var(--yt-spec-text-secondary);"><br /></yt-formatted-string></div><div class="style-scope ytd-video-meta-block" id="metadata-line" style="-webkit-line-clamp: 2; background: transparent; border: 0px; color: var(--ytd-metadata-line-color,var(--yt-spec-text-secondary)); display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; line-height: 1.8rem; margin: 0px; max-height: 3.6rem; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;"></div></div><div class="style-scope ytd-video-meta-block" id="additional-metadata-line" style="-webkit-line-clamp: 1; background: transparent; border: 0px; line-height: 1.8rem; margin: 0px; max-height: 1.8rem; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;"></div></ytd-video-meta-block></div></div><div class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" id="offer-button" style="align-items: flex-end; background: transparent; border: 0px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div></div><div class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" id="menu" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; min-width: 40px; padding: 0px;"><ytd-menu-renderer class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" menu-active="" safe-area="" style="display: block; flex-direction: row; opacity: 1;"><div class="top-level-buttons style-scope ytd-menu-renderer" id="top-level-buttons-computed" style="align-items: center; background: transparent; border: 0px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div><div class="style-scope ytd-menu-renderer" id="flexible-item-buttons" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div><yt-icon-button class="dropdown-trigger style-scope ytd-menu-renderer" id="button" style-target="button" style="--yt-icon-button-icon-height: 24px; --yt-icon-button-icon-width: 24px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; height: var(--yt-icon-height); position: relative; width: var(--yt-icon-width);"><button aria-label="Action menu" class="style-scope yt-icon-button" id="button" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-color: initial; border-style: none; border-width: initial; cursor: pointer; height: 40px; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 40px;"><yt-icon class="style-scope ytd-menu-renderer" style="align-items: center; animation: var(--iron-icon-animation); color: var(--ytd-menu-renderer-button-color,var(--yt-spec-icon-inactive)); display: inline-flex; fill: var(--iron-icon-fill-color,currentcolor); height: var(--yt-icon-button-icon-height,100%); justify-content: center; margin-bottom: var(--iron-icon-margin-bottom); margin-left: var(--iron-icon-margin-left); margin-right: var(--iron-icon-margin-right); margin-top: var(--iron-icon-margin-top); padding: var(--iron-icon-padding); position: relative; stroke: var(--iron-icon-stroke-color,none); vertical-align: middle; width: var(--yt-icon-button-icon-width,100%);"><yt-icon-shape class="style-scope yt-icon" style="height: 24px; width: 24px;"><icon-shape class="yt-spec-icon-shape" style="align-items: center; display: flex; height: 24px; justify-content: center; width: 24px;"><div style="background: transparent; border: 0px; fill: currentcolor; height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 24px;"><svg enable-background="new 0 0 24 24" focusable="false" height="24" style="display: block; height: 100%; pointer-events: none; width: 100%;" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12 16.5c.83 0 1.5.67 1.5 1.5s-.67 1.5-1.5 1.5-1.5-.67-1.5-1.5.67-1.5 1.5-1.5zM10.5 12c0 .83.67 1.5 1.5 1.5s1.5-.67 1.5-1.5-.67-1.5-1.5-1.5-1.5.67-1.5 1.5zm0-6c0 .83.67 1.5 1.5 1.5s1.5-.67 1.5-1.5-.67-1.5-1.5-1.5-1.5.67-1.5 1.5z"></path></svg></div></icon-shape></yt-icon-shape></yt-icon></button><yt-interaction class="circular style-scope yt-icon-button" id="interaction" style="display: inline-block; inset: 0px; pointer-events: none; position: absolute;"><div class="stroke style-scope yt-interaction" style="background: transparent; border-radius: 50%; border: 1px solid var(--yt-spec-touch-response); inset: 0px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; padding: 0px; position: absolute; will-change: opacity;"></div><div class="fill style-scope yt-interaction" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: var(--yt-spec-touch-response); background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 50%; border: 0px; inset: 0px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; padding: 0px; position: absolute; will-change: opacity;"><br /></div></yt-interaction></yt-icon-button></ytd-menu-renderer></div></ytd-playlist-video-renderer><ytd-playlist-video-renderer amsterdam-post-mvp="" class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-list-renderer" lockup="true" style-type="" style="align-items: center; border-radius: 12px; cursor: default; display: flex; flex-direction: row; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;"><div class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" id="content" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; display: flex; flex-flow: wrap; flex: 1 1 1e-09px; justify-content: flex-start; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 8px 0px;"><div class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" id="container" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; display: flex; flex-basis: 368px; flex-direction: row; flex-grow: 1; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px;"><ytd-thumbnail class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" hide-playback-status="" id="thumbnail" loaded="" size="medium" style="display: block; flex: 0 0 auto; height: 90px; margin-right: 8px; position: relative; width: 160px;"><a aria-hidden="true" class="yt-simple-endpoint inline-block style-scope ytd-thumbnail" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KUGuVKVXRwQ&list=PLHh7nEiNKkSqj_qWU7__Ik9OAN2U_ZP82&index=3&pp=iAQB" id="thumbnail" rel="null" style="border-radius: 8px; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 90px; inset: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; text-decoration-line: none;" tabindex="-1"><yt-image alt="" class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail" ftl-eligible="" notify-on-loaded="" notify-on-unloaded=""><img alt="" class="yt-core-image--fill-parent-height yt-core-image--fill-parent-width yt-core-image yt-core-image--content-mode-scale-aspect-fill yt-core-image--loaded" src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/KUGuVKVXRwQ/hqdefault.jpg?sqp=-oaymwEcCNACELwBSFXyq4qpAw4IARUAAIhCGAFwAcABBg==&rs=AOn4CLCaSe0UAWZcHVtg-PRe7QTT0p8bBg" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 90px; margin: 0px; min-height: 1px; min-width: 1px; object-fit: cover; padding: 0px; visibility: inherit; width: 160px;" /></yt-image><div class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail" id="overlays" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><ytd-thumbnail-overlay-time-status-renderer class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail" overlay-style="DEFAULT" style="bottom: 0px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin: 4px; position: absolute; right: 0px;"><ytd-badge-supported-renderer class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-time-status-renderer" is-thumbnail-badge="" style="align-items: center; display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin: 0px 4px;" system-icons=""></ytd-badge-supported-renderer><div class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-time-status-renderer" id="time-status" style="align-items: center; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: var(--yt-spec-static-brand-white); display: inline-flex; flex-direction: row; font-weight: var(--yt-badge-font-weight,500); height: 12px; letter-spacing: var(--yt-badge-letter-spacing,.5px); line-height: var(--yt-badge-line-height-size,1.2rem); margin: 0px; padding: 3px 4px;"><span aria-label="57 minutes, 57 seconds" class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-time-status-renderer" id="text" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; max-height: 1.2rem; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;">57:57</span></div></ytd-thumbnail-overlay-time-status-renderer><ytd-thumbnail-overlay-now-playing-renderer class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail" style="align-items: center; color: white; display: flex; flex-direction: row; inset: 0px; justify-content: center; line-height: 1.8rem; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; text-align: center; text-transform: uppercase; transition: opacity 0.3s ease 0s; z-index: 1;"><span class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-now-playing-renderer" id="overlay-text" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">NOW PLAYING</span><ytd-thumbnail-overlay-equalizer class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-now-playing-renderer" style="bottom: 0px; display: inline-flex; height: 28px; margin: 6px; position: absolute; right: 0px; width: 16px;"><svg class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-equalizer" id="equalizer" viewbox="0 0 55 95" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-equalizer"><rect class="bar style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-equalizer" x="0"></rect><rect class="bar style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-equalizer" x="20"></rect><rect class="bar style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-equalizer" x="40"></rect></g></svg></ytd-thumbnail-overlay-equalizer></ytd-thumbnail-overlay-now-playing-renderer></div><div class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail" id="mouseover-overlay" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div><div class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail" id="hover-overlays" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div></a></ytd-thumbnail><div class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" id="meta" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; flex: 1 1 1e-09px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px;"><h3 aria-label="2023 MS Symposium (Part 3 of 5) - Bladder and Sexual Issues in MS by The MS Views and News Learning Channel 246 views 2 weeks ago 57 minutes" class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: var(--yt-spec-text-primary); margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><ytd-badge-supported-renderer class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" id="top-standalone-badge" style="align-items: center; display: flex; flex-direction: row;" system-icons=""></ytd-badge-supported-renderer><a class="yt-simple-endpoint style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KUGuVKVXRwQ&list=PLHh7nEiNKkSqj_qWU7__Ik9OAN2U_ZP82&index=3&pp=iAQB" id="video-title" style="-webkit-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-line-clamp: 2; cursor: pointer; display: -webkit-box; flex-direction: row; flex: 1 1 1e-09px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 2.2rem; margin-bottom: 8px; max-height: 4.4rem; min-width: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-decoration: var(--yt-endpoint-text-decoration,none); text-overflow: ellipsis;" title="2023 MS Symposium (Part 3 of 5) - Bladder and Sexual Issues in MS"><span style="font-size: small;">2023 MS Symposium (Part 3 of 5) - Bladder and Sexual Issues in MS</span></a></h3><ytd-video-meta-block amsterdam-post-mvp="" class="playlist style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer byline-separated" style="display: flex; flex-direction: column;"><div class="style-scope ytd-video-meta-block" id="metadata" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; display: flex; flex-flow: wrap; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="style-scope ytd-video-meta-block" id="byline-container" style="-webkit-line-clamp: 1; align-items: center; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; display: flex; flex-flow: wrap; line-height: 1.8rem; margin: 0px; max-height: 1.8rem; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;"><ytd-channel-name class=" style-scope ytd-video-meta-block style-scope ytd-video-meta-block" id="channel-name" style="--yt-endpoint-color: var(--yt-spec-text-secondary); --yt-endpoint-visited-color: var(--yt-spec-text-secondary); --ytd-channel-name-badges-margin-right: 8px; --ytd-channel-name-text-complex-display: flex; --ytd-channel-name-text-display: block; align-items: center; align-self: flex-start; color: var(--yt-spec-text-secondary); display: flex; flex-direction: row; max-width: 100%; z-index: 300;"><div class="style-scope ytd-channel-name" id="container" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; display: var(--ytd-channel-name-container-display,inline-block); margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;"><div class="style-scope ytd-channel-name" id="text-container" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; display: var(--ytd-channel-name-text-container-display,block); margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><yt-formatted-string class="style-scope ytd-channel-name complex-string" ellipsis-truncate-styling="" ellipsis-truncate="" has-link-only_="" id="text" link-inherit-color="" style="-webkit-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-line-clamp: var(--ytd-channel-name-text-line-clamp,inherit); display: var(--ytd-channel-name-text-complex-display); flex-direction: row; font-weight: var(--ytd-channel-name-text-font-weight); line-height: var(--ytd-channel-name-text-line-height); overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: pre; word-break: break-word;" title="The MS Views and News Learning Channel"><br /></yt-formatted-string></div></div></ytd-channel-name></div><div class="style-scope ytd-video-meta-block" id="metadata-line" style="-webkit-line-clamp: 2; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: var(--ytd-metadata-line-color,var(--yt-spec-text-secondary)); display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; line-height: 1.8rem; margin: 0px; max-height: 3.6rem; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;"></div></div><div class="style-scope ytd-video-meta-block" id="additional-metadata-line" style="-webkit-line-clamp: 1; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; line-height: 1.8rem; margin: 0px; max-height: 1.8rem; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;"></div></ytd-video-meta-block></div></div><div class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" id="offer-button" style="align-items: flex-end; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div></div><div class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" id="menu" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; min-width: 40px; padding: 0px;"><ytd-menu-renderer class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" menu-active="" safe-area="" style="display: block; flex-direction: row; opacity: 1;"><div class="top-level-buttons style-scope ytd-menu-renderer" id="top-level-buttons-computed" style="align-items: center; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div><div class="style-scope ytd-menu-renderer" id="flexible-item-buttons" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div><yt-icon-button class="dropdown-trigger style-scope ytd-menu-renderer" id="button" style-target="button" style="--yt-icon-button-icon-height: 24px; --yt-icon-button-icon-width: 24px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; height: var(--yt-icon-height); position: relative; width: var(--yt-icon-width);"><button aria-label="Action menu" class="style-scope yt-icon-button" id="button" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-color: initial; border-style: none; border-width: initial; cursor: pointer; height: 40px; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 40px;"><yt-icon class="style-scope ytd-menu-renderer" style="align-items: center; animation: var(--iron-icon-animation); color: var(--ytd-menu-renderer-button-color,var(--yt-spec-icon-inactive)); display: inline-flex; fill: var(--iron-icon-fill-color,currentcolor); height: var(--yt-icon-button-icon-height,100%); justify-content: center; margin-bottom: var(--iron-icon-margin-bottom); margin-left: var(--iron-icon-margin-left); margin-right: var(--iron-icon-margin-right); margin-top: var(--iron-icon-margin-top); padding: var(--iron-icon-padding); position: relative; stroke: var(--iron-icon-stroke-color,none); vertical-align: middle; width: var(--yt-icon-button-icon-width,100%);"><yt-icon-shape class="style-scope yt-icon" style="height: 24px; width: 24px;"><icon-shape class="yt-spec-icon-shape" style="align-items: center; display: flex; height: 24px; justify-content: center; width: 24px;"><div style="background: transparent; border: 0px; fill: currentcolor; height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 24px;"><svg enable-background="new 0 0 24 24" focusable="false" height="24" style="display: block; height: 100%; pointer-events: none; width: 100%;" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12 16.5c.83 0 1.5.67 1.5 1.5s-.67 1.5-1.5 1.5-1.5-.67-1.5-1.5.67-1.5 1.5-1.5zM10.5 12c0 .83.67 1.5 1.5 1.5s1.5-.67 1.5-1.5-.67-1.5-1.5-1.5-1.5.67-1.5 1.5zm0-6c0 .83.67 1.5 1.5 1.5s1.5-.67 1.5-1.5-.67-1.5-1.5-1.5-1.5.67-1.5 1.5z"></path></svg></div></icon-shape></yt-icon-shape></yt-icon></button><yt-interaction class="circular style-scope yt-icon-button" id="interaction" style="display: inline-block; inset: 0px; pointer-events: none; position: absolute;"><div class="stroke style-scope yt-interaction" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 50%; border: 1px solid var(--yt-spec-touch-response); inset: 0px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; padding: 0px; position: absolute; will-change: opacity;"></div><div class="fill style-scope yt-interaction" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 50%; border: 0px; inset: 0px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; padding: 0px; position: absolute; will-change: opacity;"><br /></div></yt-interaction></yt-icon-button></ytd-menu-renderer></div></ytd-playlist-video-renderer><ytd-playlist-video-renderer amsterdam-post-mvp="" class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-list-renderer" lockup="true" style-type="" style="align-items: center; background-color: white; border-radius: 12px; cursor: default; display: flex; flex-direction: row; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;"><div class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" id="content" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; display: flex; flex-flow: wrap; flex: 1 1 1e-09px; justify-content: flex-start; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 8px 0px;"><div class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" id="container" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; display: flex; flex-basis: 368px; flex-direction: row; flex-grow: 1; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px;"><ytd-thumbnail class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" hide-playback-status="" id="thumbnail" loaded="" size="medium" style="display: block; flex: 0 0 auto; height: 90px; margin-right: 8px; position: relative; width: 160px;"><a aria-hidden="true" class="yt-simple-endpoint inline-block style-scope ytd-thumbnail" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ulost8jiyRo&list=PLHh7nEiNKkSqj_qWU7__Ik9OAN2U_ZP82&index=4&pp=iAQB" id="thumbnail" rel="null" style="border-radius: 8px; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 90px; inset: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; text-decoration-line: none;" tabindex="-1"><yt-image alt="" class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail" ftl-eligible="" notify-on-loaded="" notify-on-unloaded=""><img alt="" class="yt-core-image--fill-parent-height yt-core-image--fill-parent-width yt-core-image yt-core-image--content-mode-scale-aspect-fill yt-core-image--loaded" src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/ulost8jiyRo/hqdefault.jpg?sqp=-oaymwEcCNACELwBSFXyq4qpAw4IARUAAIhCGAFwAcABBg==&rs=AOn4CLBT8jD-5ebAImdPxY4dvIB1L2Rh6Q" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 90px; margin: 0px; min-height: 1px; min-width: 1px; object-fit: cover; padding: 0px; visibility: inherit; width: 160px;" /></yt-image><div class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail" id="overlays" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><ytd-thumbnail-overlay-time-status-renderer class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail" overlay-style="DEFAULT" style="bottom: 0px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin: 4px; position: absolute; right: 0px;"><ytd-badge-supported-renderer class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-time-status-renderer" is-thumbnail-badge="" style="align-items: center; display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin: 0px 4px;" system-icons=""></ytd-badge-supported-renderer><div class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-time-status-renderer" id="time-status" style="align-items: center; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: var(--yt-spec-static-overlay-background-heavy); background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: var(--yt-spec-static-brand-white); display: inline-flex; flex-direction: row; font-weight: var(--yt-badge-font-weight,500); height: 12px; letter-spacing: var(--yt-badge-letter-spacing,.5px); line-height: var(--yt-badge-line-height-size,1.2rem); margin: 0px; padding: 3px 4px;"><span aria-label="53 minutes, 45 seconds" class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-time-status-renderer" id="text" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; max-height: 1.2rem; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;">53:45</span></div></ytd-thumbnail-overlay-time-status-renderer><ytd-thumbnail-overlay-now-playing-renderer class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail" style="align-items: center; background-color: var(--yt-spec-static-overlay-background-heavy); color: white; display: flex; flex-direction: row; inset: 0px; justify-content: center; line-height: 1.8rem; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; text-align: center; text-transform: uppercase; transition: opacity 0.3s ease 0s; z-index: 1;"><span class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-now-playing-renderer" id="overlay-text" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">NOW PLAYING</span><ytd-thumbnail-overlay-equalizer class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-now-playing-renderer" style="bottom: 0px; display: inline-flex; height: 28px; margin: 6px; position: absolute; right: 0px; width: 16px;"><svg class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-equalizer" id="equalizer" viewbox="0 0 55 95" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-equalizer"><rect class="bar style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-equalizer" x="0"></rect><rect class="bar style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-equalizer" x="20"></rect><rect class="bar style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-equalizer" x="40"></rect></g></svg></ytd-thumbnail-overlay-equalizer></ytd-thumbnail-overlay-now-playing-renderer></div><div class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail" id="mouseover-overlay" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div><div class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail" id="hover-overlays" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div></a></ytd-thumbnail><div class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" id="meta" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; flex: 1 1 1e-09px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px;"><h3 aria-label="2023 MS Symposium ( Part 4 of 5 ) - Access to Care in Underserved Communities, Health Equity & more by The MS Views and News Learning Channel 91 views 2 weeks ago 53 minutes" class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: var(--yt-spec-text-primary); margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><ytd-badge-supported-renderer class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" id="top-standalone-badge" style="align-items: center; display: flex; flex-direction: row;" system-icons=""></ytd-badge-supported-renderer><a class="yt-simple-endpoint style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ulost8jiyRo&list=PLHh7nEiNKkSqj_qWU7__Ik9OAN2U_ZP82&index=4&pp=iAQB" id="video-title" style="-webkit-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-line-clamp: 2; cursor: pointer; display: -webkit-box; flex-direction: row; flex: 1 1 1e-09px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 2.2rem; margin-bottom: 8px; max-height: 4.4rem; min-width: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-decoration-line: none; text-overflow: ellipsis;" title="2023 MS Symposium ( Part 4 of 5 ) - Access to Care in Underserved Communities, Health Equity & more"><span style="font-size: small;">2023 MS Symposium ( Part 4 of 5 ) - Access to Care in Underserved Communities, Health Equity & more</span></a></h3><ytd-video-meta-block amsterdam-post-mvp="" class="playlist style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer byline-separated" style="display: flex; flex-direction: column;"><div class="style-scope ytd-video-meta-block" id="metadata" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; display: flex; flex-flow: wrap; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="style-scope ytd-video-meta-block" id="byline-container" style="-webkit-line-clamp: 1; align-items: center; background: transparent; border: 0px; display: flex; flex-flow: wrap; line-height: 1.8rem; margin: 0px; max-height: 1.8rem; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;"><ytd-channel-name class=" style-scope ytd-video-meta-block style-scope ytd-video-meta-block" id="channel-name" style="--yt-endpoint-color: var(--yt-spec-text-secondary); --yt-endpoint-visited-color: var(--yt-spec-text-secondary); --ytd-channel-name-badges-margin-right: 8px; --ytd-channel-name-text-complex-display: flex; --ytd-channel-name-text-display: block; align-items: center; align-self: flex-start; color: var(--yt-spec-text-secondary); display: flex; flex-direction: row; max-width: 100%; z-index: 300;"><div class="style-scope ytd-channel-name" id="container" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; display: var(--ytd-channel-name-container-display,inline-block); margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;"><div class="style-scope ytd-channel-name" id="text-container" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; display: var(--ytd-channel-name-text-container-display,block); margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><yt-formatted-string class="style-scope ytd-channel-name complex-string" ellipsis-truncate-styling="" ellipsis-truncate="" has-link-only_="" id="text" link-inherit-color="" style="-webkit-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-line-clamp: var(--ytd-channel-name-text-line-clamp,inherit); display: var(--ytd-channel-name-text-complex-display); flex-direction: row; font-weight: var(--ytd-channel-name-text-font-weight); line-height: var(--ytd-channel-name-text-line-height); overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: pre; word-break: break-word;" title="The MS Views and News Learning Channel"><br /></yt-formatted-string></div></div></ytd-channel-name></div></div><div class="style-scope ytd-video-meta-block" id="additional-metadata-line" style="-webkit-line-clamp: 1; background: transparent; border: 0px; line-height: 1.8rem; margin: 0px; max-height: 1.8rem; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;"></div></ytd-video-meta-block></div></div><div class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" id="offer-button" style="align-items: flex-end; background: transparent; border: 0px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div></div><div class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" id="menu" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; min-width: 40px; padding: 0px;"><ytd-menu-renderer class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" menu-active="" safe-area="" style="display: block; flex-direction: row; opacity: 1;"><div class="top-level-buttons style-scope ytd-menu-renderer" id="top-level-buttons-computed" style="align-items: center; background: transparent; border: 0px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div><div class="style-scope ytd-menu-renderer" id="flexible-item-buttons" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div><yt-icon-button class="dropdown-trigger style-scope ytd-menu-renderer" id="button" style-target="button" style="--yt-icon-button-icon-height: 24px; --yt-icon-button-icon-width: 24px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; height: var(--yt-icon-height); position: relative; width: var(--yt-icon-width);"><button aria-label="Action menu" class="style-scope yt-icon-button" id="button" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-color: initial; border-style: none; border-width: initial; cursor: pointer; height: 40px; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 40px;"><yt-icon class="style-scope ytd-menu-renderer" style="align-items: center; animation: var(--iron-icon-animation); color: var(--ytd-menu-renderer-button-color,var(--yt-spec-icon-inactive)); display: inline-flex; fill: var(--iron-icon-fill-color,currentcolor); height: var(--yt-icon-button-icon-height,100%); justify-content: center; margin-bottom: var(--iron-icon-margin-bottom); margin-left: var(--iron-icon-margin-left); margin-right: var(--iron-icon-margin-right); margin-top: var(--iron-icon-margin-top); padding: var(--iron-icon-padding); position: relative; stroke: var(--iron-icon-stroke-color,none); vertical-align: middle; width: var(--yt-icon-button-icon-width,100%);"><yt-icon-shape class="style-scope yt-icon" style="height: 24px; width: 24px;"><icon-shape class="yt-spec-icon-shape" style="align-items: center; display: flex; height: 24px; justify-content: center; width: 24px;"><div style="background: transparent; border: 0px; fill: currentcolor; height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 24px;"><svg enable-background="new 0 0 24 24" focusable="false" height="24" style="display: block; height: 100%; pointer-events: none; width: 100%;" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12 16.5c.83 0 1.5.67 1.5 1.5s-.67 1.5-1.5 1.5-1.5-.67-1.5-1.5.67-1.5 1.5-1.5zM10.5 12c0 .83.67 1.5 1.5 1.5s1.5-.67 1.5-1.5-.67-1.5-1.5-1.5-1.5.67-1.5 1.5zm0-6c0 .83.67 1.5 1.5 1.5s1.5-.67 1.5-1.5-.67-1.5-1.5-1.5-1.5.67-1.5 1.5z"></path></svg></div></icon-shape></yt-icon-shape></yt-icon></button><yt-interaction class="circular style-scope yt-icon-button" id="interaction" style="display: inline-block; inset: 0px; pointer-events: none; position: absolute;"><div class="stroke style-scope yt-interaction" style="background: transparent; border-radius: 50%; border: 1px solid var(--yt-spec-touch-response); inset: 0px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; padding: 0px; position: absolute; will-change: opacity;"></div><div class="fill style-scope yt-interaction" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: var(--yt-spec-touch-response); background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 50%; border: 0px; inset: 0px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; padding: 0px; position: absolute; will-change: opacity;"><br /></div></yt-interaction></yt-icon-button></ytd-menu-renderer></div></ytd-playlist-video-renderer><ytd-playlist-video-renderer amsterdam-post-mvp="" class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-list-renderer" lockup="true" style-type="" style="align-items: center; background-color: white; border-radius: 12px; cursor: default; display: flex; flex-direction: row; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;"><div class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" id="content" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; display: flex; flex-flow: wrap; flex: 1 1 1e-09px; justify-content: flex-start; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 8px 0px;"><div class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" id="container" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; display: flex; flex-basis: 368px; flex-direction: row; flex-grow: 1; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px;"><ytd-thumbnail class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" hide-playback-status="" id="thumbnail" loaded="" size="medium" style="display: block; flex: 0 0 auto; height: 90px; margin-right: 8px; position: relative; width: 160px;"><a aria-hidden="true" class="yt-simple-endpoint inline-block style-scope ytd-thumbnail" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6MPCezjLrK8&list=PLHh7nEiNKkSqj_qWU7__Ik9OAN2U_ZP82&index=5&pp=iAQB" id="thumbnail" rel="null" style="border-radius: 8px; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 90px; inset: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; text-decoration-line: none;" tabindex="-1"><yt-image alt="" class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail" ftl-eligible="" notify-on-loaded="" notify-on-unloaded=""><img alt="" class="yt-core-image--fill-parent-height yt-core-image--fill-parent-width yt-core-image yt-core-image--content-mode-scale-aspect-fill yt-core-image--loaded" src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/6MPCezjLrK8/hqdefault.jpg?sqp=-oaymwEcCNACELwBSFXyq4qpAw4IARUAAIhCGAFwAcABBg==&rs=AOn4CLBXi-hclVwpgsrl_TFSyrSXFwHAeg" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 90px; margin: 0px; min-height: 1px; min-width: 1px; object-fit: cover; padding: 0px; visibility: inherit; width: 160px;" /></yt-image><div class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail" id="overlays" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><ytd-thumbnail-overlay-time-status-renderer class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail" overlay-style="DEFAULT" style="bottom: 0px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin: 4px; position: absolute; right: 0px;"><ytd-badge-supported-renderer class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-time-status-renderer" is-thumbnail-badge="" style="align-items: center; display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin: 0px 4px;" system-icons=""></ytd-badge-supported-renderer><div class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-time-status-renderer" id="time-status" style="align-items: center; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: var(--yt-spec-static-overlay-background-heavy); background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: var(--yt-spec-static-brand-white); display: inline-flex; flex-direction: row; font-weight: var(--yt-badge-font-weight,500); height: 12px; letter-spacing: var(--yt-badge-letter-spacing,.5px); line-height: var(--yt-badge-line-height-size,1.2rem); margin: 0px; padding: 3px 4px;"><span aria-label="1 hour, 13 minutes, 54 seconds" class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-time-status-renderer" id="text" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; max-height: 1.2rem; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;">1:13:54</span></div></ytd-thumbnail-overlay-time-status-renderer><ytd-thumbnail-overlay-now-playing-renderer class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail" style="align-items: center; background-color: var(--yt-spec-static-overlay-background-heavy); color: white; display: flex; flex-direction: row; inset: 0px; justify-content: center; line-height: 1.8rem; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; text-align: center; text-transform: uppercase; transition: opacity 0.3s ease 0s; z-index: 1;"><span class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-now-playing-renderer" id="overlay-text" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">NOW PLAYING</span><ytd-thumbnail-overlay-equalizer class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-now-playing-renderer" style="bottom: 0px; display: inline-flex; height: 28px; margin: 6px; position: absolute; right: 0px; width: 16px;"><svg class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-equalizer" id="equalizer" viewbox="0 0 55 95" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-equalizer"><rect class="bar style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-equalizer" x="0"></rect><rect class="bar style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-equalizer" x="20"></rect><rect class="bar style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-equalizer" x="40"></rect></g></svg></ytd-thumbnail-overlay-equalizer></ytd-thumbnail-overlay-now-playing-renderer></div><div class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail" id="mouseover-overlay" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div><div class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail" id="hover-overlays" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div></a></ytd-thumbnail><div class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" id="meta" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; flex: 1 1 1e-09px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px;"><h3 aria-label="2023 MS Symposium (Part 5 of 5) - The Power of the Patient -Taking MS into your hands + much More by The MS Views and News Learning Channel 983 views 2 weeks ago 1 hour, 13 minutes" class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: var(--yt-spec-text-primary); margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><ytd-badge-supported-renderer class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" id="top-standalone-badge" style="align-items: center; display: flex; flex-direction: row;" system-icons=""></ytd-badge-supported-renderer><a class="yt-simple-endpoint style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6MPCezjLrK8&list=PLHh7nEiNKkSqj_qWU7__Ik9OAN2U_ZP82&index=5&pp=iAQB" id="video-title" style="-webkit-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-line-clamp: 2; cursor: pointer; display: -webkit-box; flex-direction: row; flex: 1 1 1e-09px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 2.2rem; margin-bottom: 8px; max-height: 4.4rem; min-width: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-decoration-line: none; text-overflow: ellipsis;" title="2023 MS Symposium (Part 5 of 5) - The Power of the Patient -Taking MS into your hands + much More"><span style="font-size: small;">2023 MS Symposium (Part 5 of 5) - The Power of the Patient -Taking MS into your hands + much More</span></a></h3><ytd-video-meta-block amsterdam-post-mvp="" class="playlist style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer byline-separated" style="display: flex; flex-direction: column;"><div class="style-scope ytd-video-meta-block" id="metadata" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; display: flex; flex-flow: wrap; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="style-scope ytd-video-meta-block" id="byline-container" style="-webkit-line-clamp: 1; align-items: center; background: transparent; border: 0px; display: flex; flex-flow: wrap; line-height: 1.8rem; margin: 0px; max-height: 1.8rem; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;"><ytd-channel-name class=" style-scope ytd-video-meta-block style-scope ytd-video-meta-block" id="channel-name" style="--yt-endpoint-color: var(--yt-spec-text-secondary); --yt-endpoint-visited-color: var(--yt-spec-text-secondary); --ytd-channel-name-badges-margin-right: 8px; --ytd-channel-name-text-complex-display: flex; --ytd-channel-name-text-display: block; align-items: center; align-self: flex-start; color: var(--yt-spec-text-secondary); display: flex; flex-direction: row; max-width: 100%; z-index: 300;"><div class="style-scope ytd-channel-name" id="container" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; display: var(--ytd-channel-name-container-display,inline-block); margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;"><div class="style-scope ytd-channel-name" id="text-container" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; display: var(--ytd-channel-name-text-container-display,block); margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><yt-formatted-string class="style-scope ytd-channel-name complex-string" ellipsis-truncate-styling="" ellipsis-truncate="" has-link-only_="" id="text" link-inherit-color="" style="-webkit-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-line-clamp: var(--ytd-channel-name-text-line-clamp,inherit); display: var(--ytd-channel-name-text-complex-display); flex-direction: row; font-weight: var(--ytd-channel-name-text-font-weight); line-height: var(--ytd-channel-name-text-line-height); overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: pre; word-break: break-word;" title="The MS Views and News Learning Channel"><br /></yt-formatted-string></div></div></ytd-channel-name></div><div class="style-scope ytd-video-meta-block" id="metadata-line" style="-webkit-line-clamp: 2; background: transparent; border: 0px; color: var(--ytd-metadata-line-color,var(--yt-spec-text-secondary)); display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; line-height: 1.8rem; margin: 0px; max-height: 3.6rem; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;"></div></div><div class="style-scope ytd-video-meta-block" id="additional-metadata-line" style="-webkit-line-clamp: 1; background: transparent; border: 0px; line-height: 1.8rem; margin: 0px; max-height: 1.8rem; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;"></div></ytd-video-meta-block></div></div><div class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" id="offer-button" style="align-items: flex-end; background: transparent; border: 0px; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div></div><div class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" id="menu" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; min-width: 40px; padding: 0px;"><ytd-menu-renderer class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" menu-active="" safe-area="" style="display: block; flex-direction: row; opacity: 1;"><div class="top-level-buttons style-scope ytd-menu-renderer" id="top-level-buttons-computed" style="align-items: center; background: transparent; border: 0px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div><div class="style-scope ytd-menu-renderer" id="flexible-item-buttons" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div><yt-icon-button class="dropdown-trigger style-scope ytd-menu-renderer" id="button" style-target="button" style="--yt-icon-button-icon-height: 24px; --yt-icon-button-icon-width: 24px; box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; height: var(--yt-icon-height); position: relative; width: var(--yt-icon-width);"><button aria-label="Action menu" class="style-scope yt-icon-button" id="button" style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-color: initial; border-style: none; border-width: initial; cursor: pointer; height: 40px; line-height: 0; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: middle; width: 40px;"><yt-icon class="style-scope ytd-menu-renderer" style="align-items: center; animation: var(--iron-icon-animation); color: var(--ytd-menu-renderer-button-color,var(--yt-spec-icon-inactive)); display: inline-flex; fill: var(--iron-icon-fill-color,currentcolor); height: var(--yt-icon-button-icon-height,100%); justify-content: center; margin-bottom: var(--iron-icon-margin-bottom); margin-left: var(--iron-icon-margin-left); margin-right: var(--iron-icon-margin-right); margin-top: var(--iron-icon-margin-top); padding: var(--iron-icon-padding); position: relative; stroke: var(--iron-icon-stroke-color,none); vertical-align: middle; width: var(--yt-icon-button-icon-width,100%);"><yt-icon-shape class="style-scope yt-icon" style="height: 24px; width: 24px;"><icon-shape class="yt-spec-icon-shape" style="align-items: center; display: flex; height: 24px; justify-content: center; width: 24px;"><div style="background: transparent; border: 0px; fill: currentcolor; height: 24px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; width: 24px;"><svg enable-background="new 0 0 24 24" focusable="false" height="24" style="display: block; height: 100%; pointer-events: none; width: 100%;" viewbox="0 0 24 24" width="24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M12 16.5c.83 0 1.5.67 1.5 1.5s-.67 1.5-1.5 1.5-1.5-.67-1.5-1.5.67-1.5 1.5-1.5zM10.5 12c0 .83.67 1.5 1.5 1.5s1.5-.67 1.5-1.5-.67-1.5-1.5-1.5-1.5.67-1.5 1.5zm0-6c0 .83.67 1.5 1.5 1.5s1.5-.67 1.5-1.5-.67-1.5-1.5-1.5-1.5.67-1.5 1.5z"></path></svg></div></icon-shape></yt-icon-shape></yt-icon></button><yt-interaction class="circular style-scope yt-icon-button" id="interaction" style="display: inline-block; inset: 0px; pointer-events: none; position: absolute;"><div class="stroke style-scope yt-interaction" style="background: transparent; border-radius: 50%; border: 1px solid var(--yt-spec-touch-response); inset: 0px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; padding: 0px; position: absolute; will-change: opacity;"></div><div class="fill style-scope yt-interaction" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: var(--yt-spec-touch-response); background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 50%; border: 0px; inset: 0px; margin: 0px; opacity: 0; padding: 0px; position: absolute; will-change: opacity;"><br /></div></yt-interaction></yt-icon-button></ytd-menu-renderer></div></ytd-playlist-video-renderer><ytd-playlist-video-renderer amsterdam-post-mvp="" class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-list-renderer" lockup="true" style-type="" style="align-items: center; background-color: white; border-radius: 12px; cursor: default; display: flex; flex-direction: row; font-family: Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;"><div class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" id="content" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; cursor: pointer; display: flex; flex-flow: wrap; flex: 1 1 1e-09px; justify-content: flex-start; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 8px 0px;"><div class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" id="container" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; display: flex; flex-basis: 368px; flex-direction: row; flex-grow: 1; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px;"><ytd-thumbnail class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" hide-playback-status="" id="thumbnail" loaded="" size="medium" style="display: block; flex: 0 0 auto; height: 90px; margin-right: 8px; position: relative; width: 160px;"><a aria-hidden="true" class="yt-simple-endpoint inline-block style-scope ytd-thumbnail" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zc4KNMuY3Yo&list=PLHh7nEiNKkSqj_qWU7__Ik9OAN2U_ZP82&index=6&pp=iAQB" id="thumbnail" rel="null" style="border-radius: 8px; cursor: pointer; display: block; height: 90px; inset: 0px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; text-decoration-line: none;" tabindex="-1"><yt-image alt="" class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail" ftl-eligible="" notify-on-loaded="" notify-on-unloaded=""><img alt="" class="yt-core-image--fill-parent-height yt-core-image--fill-parent-width yt-core-image yt-core-image--content-mode-scale-aspect-fill yt-core-image--loaded" src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/zc4KNMuY3Yo/hqdefault.jpg?sqp=-oaymwE2CNACELwBSFXyq4qpAygIARUAAIhCGAFwAcABBvABAfgB_gmAAtAFigIMCAAQARhaIGUoTDAP&rs=AOn4CLDwTpRay-3OB5-Y4jNkU9M23rDtzw" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 90px; margin: 0px; min-height: 1px; min-width: 1px; object-fit: cover; padding: 0px; visibility: inherit; width: 160px;" /></yt-image><div class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail" id="overlays" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><ytd-thumbnail-overlay-time-status-renderer class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail" overlay-style="DEFAULT" style="bottom: 0px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin: 4px; position: absolute; right: 0px;"><ytd-badge-supported-renderer class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-time-status-renderer" is-thumbnail-badge="" style="align-items: center; display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin: 0px 4px;" system-icons=""></ytd-badge-supported-renderer><div class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-time-status-renderer" id="time-status" style="align-items: center; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: var(--yt-spec-static-overlay-background-heavy); background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-radius: 4px; border: 0px; color: var(--yt-spec-static-brand-white); display: inline-flex; flex-direction: row; font-weight: var(--yt-badge-font-weight,500); height: 12px; letter-spacing: var(--yt-badge-letter-spacing,.5px); line-height: var(--yt-badge-line-height-size,1.2rem); margin: 0px; padding: 3px 4px;"><span aria-label="2 minutes, 37 seconds" class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-time-status-renderer" id="text" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; max-height: 1.2rem; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;">2:37</span></div></ytd-thumbnail-overlay-time-status-renderer><ytd-thumbnail-overlay-now-playing-renderer class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail" style="align-items: center; background-color: var(--yt-spec-static-overlay-background-heavy); color: white; display: flex; flex-direction: row; inset: 0px; justify-content: center; line-height: 1.8rem; opacity: 0; pointer-events: none; position: absolute; text-align: center; text-transform: uppercase; transition: opacity 0.3s ease 0s; z-index: 1;"><span class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-now-playing-renderer" id="overlay-text" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;">NOW PLAYING</span><ytd-thumbnail-overlay-equalizer class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-now-playing-renderer" style="bottom: 0px; display: inline-flex; height: 28px; margin: 6px; position: absolute; right: 0px; width: 16px;"><svg class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-equalizer" id="equalizer" viewbox="0 0 55 95" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-equalizer"><rect class="bar style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-equalizer" x="0"></rect><rect class="bar style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-equalizer" x="20"></rect><rect class="bar style-scope ytd-thumbnail-overlay-equalizer" x="40"></rect></g></svg></ytd-thumbnail-overlay-equalizer></ytd-thumbnail-overlay-now-playing-renderer></div><div class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail" id="mouseover-overlay" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div><div class="style-scope ytd-thumbnail" id="hover-overlays" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div></a></ytd-thumbnail><div class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" id="meta" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; flex: 1 1 1e-09px; margin: 0px; min-width: 0px; padding: 0px;"><h3 aria-label="11-11-23 - A Tribute to Veterans, the Pledge of Allegiance, MSVN Founder recognition, and more by The MS Views and News Learning Channel 42 views 2 weeks ago 2 minutes, 37 seconds" class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; color: var(--yt-spec-text-primary); margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><ytd-badge-supported-renderer class="style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" id="top-standalone-badge" style="align-items: center; display: flex; flex-direction: row;" system-icons=""></ytd-badge-supported-renderer><a class="yt-simple-endpoint style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zc4KNMuY3Yo&list=PLHh7nEiNKkSqj_qWU7__Ik9OAN2U_ZP82&index=6&pp=iAQB" id="video-title" style="-webkit-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-line-clamp: 2; cursor: pointer; display: -webkit-box; flex-direction: row; flex: 1 1 1e-09px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 2.2rem; margin-bottom: 8px; max-height: 4.4rem; min-width: 0px; overflow: hidden; text-decoration-line: none; text-overflow: ellipsis;" title="11-11-23 - A Tribute to Veterans, the Pledge of Allegiance, MSVN Founder recognition, and more"><span style="font-size: small;">11-11-23 - A Tribute to Veterans, the Pledge of Allegiance, MSVN Founder recognition, and more</span></a></h3><ytd-video-meta-block amsterdam-post-mvp="" class="playlist style-scope ytd-playlist-video-renderer byline-separated" style="display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-size: 10px;"><div class="style-scope ytd-video-meta-block" id="metadata" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; display: flex; flex-flow: wrap; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><div class="style-scope ytd-video-meta-block" id="byline-container" style="-webkit-line-clamp: 1; align-items: center; background: transparent; border: 0px; display: flex; flex-flow: wrap; font-size: 1.2rem; line-height: 1.8rem; margin: 0px; max-height: 1.8rem; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;"><ytd-channel-name class=" style-scope ytd-video-meta-block style-scope ytd-video-meta-block" id="channel-name" style="--yt-endpoint-color: var(--yt-spec-text-secondary); --yt-endpoint-visited-color: var(--yt-spec-text-secondary); --ytd-channel-name-badges-margin-right: 8px; --ytd-channel-name-text-complex-display: flex; --ytd-channel-name-text-display: block; align-items: center; align-self: flex-start; color: var(--yt-spec-text-secondary); display: flex; flex-direction: row; max-width: 100%; z-index: 300;"><div class="style-scope ytd-channel-name" id="container" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; display: var(--ytd-channel-name-container-display,inline-block); margin: 0px; max-width: 100%; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;"><div class="style-scope ytd-channel-name" id="text-container" style="background: transparent; border: 0px; display: var(--ytd-channel-name-text-container-display,block); margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"><yt-formatted-string class="style-scope ytd-channel-name complex-string" ellipsis-truncate-styling="" ellipsis-truncate="" has-link-only_="" id="text" link-inherit-color="" style="-webkit-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-line-clamp: var(--ytd-channel-name-text-line-clamp,inherit); display: var(--ytd-channel-name-text-complex-display); flex-direction: row; font-size: var(--ytd-channel-name-text-font-size); font-weight: var(--ytd-channel-name-text-font-weight); line-height: var(--ytd-channel-name-text-line-height); overflow: hidden; text-overflow: ellipsis; white-space: pre; word-break: break-word;" title="The MS Views and News Learning Channel"><a class="yt-simple-endpoint style-scope yt-formatted-string" dir="auto" href="https://www.youtube.com/@MSViewsandNews" spellcheck="false" style="cursor: pointer; display: block; margin-right: -0.1em; overflow-wrap: var(--yt-endpoint-word-wrap,none); overflow: hidden; padding-right: 0.1em; text-decoration: var(--yt-endpoint-text-regular-decoration,none); text-overflow: ellipsis; word-break: var(--yt-endpoint-word-break,none);"> </a></yt-formatted-string></div></div></ytd-channel-name></div></div></ytd-video-meta-block></div></div></div></ytd-playlist-video-renderer><div class="blogger-post-footer">Visit our MS Learning Channel on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/msviewsandnews
</div>Stuart http://www.blogger.com/profile/14853421273383452873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8010368813638032407.post-1786830114335989932024-01-16T15:44:00.004-05:002024-01-16T15:44:30.446-05:00EU agency OKs study of therapy to improve mitochondrial function<p> <span style="color: #212121; font-family: Aleo, serif; font-size: 1.25rem;">Trial of MP101 to enroll patients with MS, other neurodegenerative diseases</span></p><div class="bio-avatar-container bio-avatar-container--compact" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; padding: 24px 0px 32px;"><div class="bio-avatar-content" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; display: flex; font-family: "Gotham A", "Gotham B", Gotham, sans-serif; font-size: 0.75rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px;"><img alt="Andrea Lobo, PhD avatar" class="bio-avatar-image" src="https://multiplesclerosisnewstoday.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/09/foto-actual-48x48.png" style="align-self: baseline; border-radius: 50%; border-style: none; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin-right: 16px; max-width: 100%; min-width: 44px; width: 44px;" /><div class="bio-avatar-description" style="align-items: center; box-sizing: border-box; display: flex;"><p style="box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;">by <span class="bio-avatar-author--name" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #033443; font-style: italic;"><a class="bio-link bio-link--inline" href="https://multiplesclerosisnewstoday.com/author/andrea-lobo/" style="appearance: none; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; border-image: initial; border-left: none; border-radius: 0px; border-right: none; border-top: none; box-sizing: border-box; cursor: pointer; font-size: 0.875rem; padding: 0px; position: relative; text-align: center; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s linear 0s;">Andrea Lobo, PhD</a> </span><span class="divider--vertical" style="box-sizing: border-box; display: inline-block; height: 18px; transform: scaleX(0.5);">|</span> <time datetime="2024-01-16 00:00:00" style="box-sizing: border-box;">January 16, 2024</time></p></div></div></div><p><br /></p><p><a href="https://www.mitochonpharma.com/" style="border-bottom: 2px solid rgb(3, 52, 67); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(10, 97, 124) !important; font-family: "Gotham A", "Gotham B", Gotham, sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; text-decoration-line: none;">Mitochon Pharmaceuticals</a><span style="color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px;"> is launching a pilot clinical trial to evaluate MP101, its treatment candidate for improving mitochondrial function, in people with </span><a href="https://multiplesclerosisnewstoday.com/multiple-sclerosis-overview/" style="border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(10, 97, 124) !important; font-family: "Gotham A", "Gotham B", Gotham, sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; text-decoration-line: none;">multiple sclerosis</a><span style="color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px;"> (MS) and other neurodegenerative diseases.</span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;">The announcement follows the trial’s clearance by the European Medicines Agency (EMA), which enables Mitochon to begin enrolling patients with neurodegenerative conditions in the biomarker study.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;">The Phase 1/2atrial will enroll people with MS, <a href="https://alsnewstoday.com/what-is-als/" style="border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(10, 97, 124) !important; font-family: "Gotham A", "Gotham B", Gotham, sans-serif; font-size: 0.972rem; text-decoration-line: none;">amyotrophic lateral sclerosis</a> (ALS), <a href="https://alzheimersnewstoday.com/what-is-alzheimers-disease/" style="border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(10, 97, 124) !important; font-family: "Gotham A", "Gotham B", Gotham, sans-serif; font-size: 0.972rem; text-decoration-line: none;">Alzheimer’s disease</a>, and <a href="https://huntingtonsdiseasenews.com/what-is-huntingtons-disease" style="border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(10, 97, 124) !important; font-family: "Gotham A", "Gotham B", Gotham, sans-serif; font-size: 0.972rem; text-decoration-line: none;">Huntington’s disease</a>, each of whom will receive the experimental therapy for 14 days. The goal is to demonstrate whether the therapy is safe in these populations and induces relevant changes in disease-related biomarkers.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;">“We are delighted for the opportunity to explore [the] provocative idea that most, if not all neurodegenerative diseases are rooted in mitochondrial dysfunction,” John G. Geisler, PhD, Mitochon’s co-founder and chief scientific officer, said in a <a href="https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20240109780600/en/European-Medicines-Agency-EMA-Greenlights-Mitochon-Pharmaceuticals-to-Initiate-Phase-IIIa-Biomarker-Study-in-Neurodegenerative-Diseases" style="border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(10, 97, 124) !important; font-family: "Gotham A", "Gotham B", Gotham, sans-serif; font-size: 0.972rem; text-decoration-line: none;">company press release</a>.</p><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: Aleo, serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.15; margin: 16px 0px;">MP101 designed to work as stimulator for mitochondrial function</h3><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;">Mitochondria are small cellular structures that produce most of the energy cells need to function — including the energy required for nerve cells to transmit electrical signals to other cells. They’re also involved in other essential cell functions.</p><div class="code-block code-block-6" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #212121; display: inline; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px auto; text-align: center;"></div><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;">However, research has shown that these cellular organelles <a href="https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/cns.13116" style="border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(10, 97, 124) !important; font-family: "Gotham A", "Gotham B", Gotham, sans-serif; font-size: 0.972rem; text-decoration-line: none;">are dysfunctional</a>, or don’t work properly, in most neurodegenerative conditions, <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6627385/" style="border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(10, 97, 124) !important; font-family: "Gotham A", "Gotham B", Gotham, sans-serif; font-size: 0.972rem; text-decoration-line: none;">including in multiple sclerosis</a>. Thus, impaired mitochondrial function is thought to play an important role in neuronal damage and disease progression.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;"></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;">MP101 is an investigational, brain-penetrant oral therapy that works as a mitochondrial stimulator, improving the function of these organelles across cells in the brain and spinal cord. This incrases the amount of energy produced by cells and also induces the production of neuroprotective factors, which help protect cells from neurodegenerative disease processes.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;"><a href="https://multiplesclerosisnewstoday.com/news-posts/2024/01/16/eu-agency-oks-study-mp101-therapy-aid-mitochondrial-function/?utm_source=MS&utm_campaign=5bd48d96e4-RSS_EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_US_%2A%7CDATE%7C%2A&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_b5fb7a3dae-5bd48d96e4-71296681" target="_blank">READ MORE</a></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;"><br /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;"><br /></p><div class="blogger-post-footer">Visit our MS Learning Channel on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/msviewsandnews
</div>Stuart http://www.blogger.com/profile/14853421273383452873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8010368813638032407.post-62496806517281160952024-01-15T11:46:00.001-05:002024-01-15T11:46:22.014-05:00Dehydration and bladder function --- Are you dehydrating yourself to manage your bladder problems?<p> <a class="pencraft pc-reset frontend-pencraft-Text-module__decoration-hover-underline--BEYAn frontend-pencraft-Text-module__reset--dW0zZ" href="https://substack.com/@gavingiovannoni" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; font-family: var(--font-family-meta); font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; text-decoration-color: unset; text-decoration-line: unset; text-decoration-style: unset; text-decoration-thickness: 0px; text-transform: uppercase;">GAVIN GIOVANNONI</a> - <span style="background-color: white; color: var(--color-secondary-themed); font-family: var(--font-family-meta); font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-decoration-line: unset; text-transform: uppercase;">JAN 9, 2024</span></p><p><span style="background-color: white; color: var(--color-secondary-themed); font-family: var(--font-family-meta); font-size: 11px; letter-spacing: 0.2px; text-decoration-line: unset; text-transform: uppercase;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #404040; font-family: Spectral, serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"; font-size: 19px; letter-spacing: normal; text-transform: none;"><b>Dehydration is not a good way to control your bladder symptoms.</b></span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1517" data-original-width="739" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh7EHfe0o8or_8h6ptbdPrD1xVa7q1mpVjPA4QVjK_9MlBRmuWGVOsNak55dC79zLiM24ZyitxSGwSl3nlhvOP8BiS_bE0njyYx27OJAsyQlbCc2Yk-_ctcf7qwE_1gwssdzNVRzyv1lGjvkmNKgjso3NUaGa5pmK41-qJskDocP5a704CbTXCTBz9T1jtn" width="117" /></div><br /><p></p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Spectral, serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0 0 var(--size-20) 0;">Almost 30 years ago, while doing my PhD on a urine biomarker of inflammation, I noted that urinary concentration of creatinine, a muscle metabolite excreted in the urine, correlated with disability. I soon worked out that people with MS with worse disability (higher EDSS) were more likely to have bladder dysfunction and were dehydrating themselves to manage urinary frequency, urgency and nocturia. As I asked my study subjects to collect daily urine samples, it became clear that these people with MS (pwMS) were not intermittently dehydrating themselves but were doing it chronically. </p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Spectral, serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0 0 var(--size-20) 0;"><br /></p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Spectral, serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0 0 var(--size-20) 0;">We published a small letter in the Annals of Neurology on this issue in response to another paper suggesting urine levels of myelin basic protein-like material (uMBPLM) correlated with disability. It was clear to me that all this group were describing was the correlation of dehydration with disability, i.e. higher levels of uMBPLM were simply a marker of urine concentration and not linked to the biology underpinning disability. </p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Spectral, serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0 0 var(--size-20) 0;"><br /></p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Spectral, serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0 0 var(--size-20) 0;"><a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8687184/" rel="" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; text-decoration-line: none;">Giovannoni et al. Urinary myelin basic protein-like material as a correlate of the progression of multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 1996 Jul;40(1):128-9.</a></p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Spectral, serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0 0 var(--size-20) 0;"><br /></p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Spectral, serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0 0 var(--size-20) 0;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0;">This observation was highlighted again with the chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) debacle. It was clear that many people with advanced MS had collapsed central veins because they were dehydrated, and when rehydrated with intravenous fluids, their veins opened spontaneously (see paper 2). I was vindicated as I had hypothesised this was the underlying problem in CCSVI in an earlier blog post (see </span><a href="https://ms-selfie.blog/2011/06/25/ccsvi-could-dehydration-be-a-possible-confounding-variable/" rel="" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; text-decoration-line: none;">‘CCSVI: could dehydration be a possible confounding variable?’ 25-June-2011</a><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0;">).</span></p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Spectral, serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0 0 var(--size-20) 0;">These findings were familiar. Professor Bryan Matthews, a neurologist in Oxford, had described dehydration as a strategy to manage urinary symptoms in the 1960s and highlighted the issue of pwMS dehydrating themselves to manage their bladder problems in his textbook on MS. Therefore, I was interested to read a recent paper from the Southhampton group describing the same findings (see paper 2 below). It is remarkable how the same things in medicine or neurology tend to be rediscovered for people to become aware of them. </p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Spectral, serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0 0 var(--size-20) 0;"><br /></p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Spectral, serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0 0 var(--size-20) 0;">I am frustrated that despite highlighting the issue of chronic dehydration in pwMS many times over the years, it is clear that it remains a persistent problem. My message is clear: don’t use dehydration to manage your bladder symptoms. The potential consequences of chronic dehydration should be enough to change your habits.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Spectral, serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0 0 var(--size-20) 0;"><br /></p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Spectral, serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0 0 var(--size-20) 0;">Chronic dehydration can have a significant impact on your overall health and well-being and can exacerbate many of your MS symptoms. Here are some of the potential effects of chronic dehydration:</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Spectral, serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0 0 var(--size-20) 0;">1. Impact on Physical Performance: Dehydration can decrease physical endurance, cause muscle cramps, and exacerbate or cause fatigue. This can affect overall physical performance and make everyday tasks more challenging.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Spectral, serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0 0 var(--size-20) 0;"><br /></p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Spectral, serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0 0 var(--size-20) 0;">2. Cognitive Function: Dehydration has been linked to cognitive impairment, including issues with concentration, alertness, and short-term memory. Prolonged dehydration may even contribute to long-term cognitive decline.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Spectral, serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0 0 var(--size-20) 0;"><br /></p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Spectral, serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0 0 var(--size-20) 0;">3. Mood and Mental Health: Studies have shown that dehydration can affect mood and contribute to increased feelings of anxiety and irritability. In severe cases, it can even lead to symptoms resembling depression.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Spectral, serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0 0 var(--size-20) 0;"><br /></p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Spectral, serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0 0 var(--size-20) 0;">4. Kidney Function: Chronic dehydration can put a strain on the kidneys, potentially leading to the formation of kidney stones and urinary tract infections. It can also impair the kidneys' ability to filter waste from the blood effectively. It also makes you more susceptible to side effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Spectral, serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0 0 var(--size-20) 0;"><br /></p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Spectral, serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0 0 var(--size-20) 0;">5. Digestive Problems: Dehydration can lead to constipation and other digestive issues. It may also contribute to an increased risk of developing peptic ulcers and acid reflux.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Spectral, serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0 0 var(--size-20) 0;"><br /></p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Spectral, serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0 0 var(--size-20) 0;">6. Skin Health: Inadequate hydration can lead to dry, flaky skin and exacerbate conditions such as eczema and psoriasis. Proper hydration is essential for maintaining overall skin health and elasticity.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Spectral, serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0 0 var(--size-20) 0;"><br /></p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Spectral, serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0 0 var(--size-20) 0;">7. Risk of Heat-Related Illnesses: Dehydration reduces your body's ability to regulate temperature, increasing the risk of heat exhaustion and heat stroke, particularly in hot and humid conditions. Please remember that pwMS, in particular people with more advanced MS, may already have a problem with thermoregulation, and dehydration will make things worse. Please note this problem is worsened by drugs that affect sweating, e.g. anticholinergics.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Spectral, serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0 0 var(--size-20) 0;"><br /></p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Spectral, serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0 0 var(--size-20) 0;">A better way of managing urinary symptoms is using a holistic approach, which I have written about many times before on MS-Selfie.</p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Spectral, serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0 0 var(--size-20) 0;"><br /></p><p style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / 0.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #404040; font-family: Spectral, serif, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif, "Apple Color Emoji", "Segoe UI Emoji", "Segoe UI Symbol"; font-size: 19px; line-height: 1.6em; margin: 0 0 var(--size-20) 0;"><a href="https://gavingiovannoni.substack.com/p/dehydration-and-bladder-function?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email" target="_blank">Click here to continue reading</a></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>Stay informed with MS information, news and resources. Sign-up Here: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=video_description&redir_token=QUFFLUhqbDZGekwxbWxBc011WXZFa1NUYnpDekZNWDBNd3xBQ3Jtc0tuMWZxRzZ6VURLMGI1TmJmUTNUamtuOHZucEVRc3VxYW5STXdjLV9JNTdXT2RwbFdwT0J3ZkJ0akVtRFZ5VTdHVEJaaDVHd0VDZS1sWXZUOXl4YndUNko2SHFyQXpUZWFwMVFDcE5oSDAyWDdkWUdpQQ&q=https%3A%2F%2Fbit.ly%2F3NkMIeR&v=deRucFKSNBY">https://bit.ly/3NkMIeR</a> </p><p>Visit the MS Views and News articles and videos archives: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=video_description&redir_token=QUFFLUhqbF9kT3FnbklFZ3ZxT3l6SXpTTTY3Nk5uUnVKd3xBQ3Jtc0ttZEE1WHVDVXZjUXE5c1FVdjdhcDNMNkN6THB6elh0Q3IwSC1naXltNW40azR5Z25MR3phcXdKUlctVXVXTGZmR2MzQUkySDFUUUVKRExyZWowSFFEWE1HQ2dwcUtzbE9ObGYzbnRCclNYSl9hNWRWOA&q=https%3A%2F%2Fwwwmsviewsandrelatednews.blogspot.com%2F&v=deRucFKSNBY">https://wwwmsviewsandrelatednews.blog</a></p><p><br /></p><div class="blogger-post-footer">Visit our MS Learning Channel on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/msviewsandnews
</div>Stuart http://www.blogger.com/profile/14853421273383452873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8010368813638032407.post-53818293588706145672024-01-14T17:08:00.004-05:002024-01-14T17:08:56.522-05:00High-Intensity Gait Training in an Individual With Neuromyelitis Optica and Research Recommendations for Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis<p> </p><h2 class="abstract-title jumplink-heading" data-section-title="Abstract" id="15627105" scrollto-destination="15627105" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "Source Sans Pro"; font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.18; margin: 1.5rem 0px 0.5rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Abstract</h2><div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "Source Sans Pro"; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section " data-section-parent-id="0" id="15627105" style="border: 0px; margin: 1rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><section class="abstract" style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><section class="sec" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="title -title" style="border: 0px; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Background:</div><p style="border: 0px; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Neuromyelitis optica (NMO), similar to multiple sclerosis (MS), is an autoimmune disorder affecting the central nervous system. In people with central nervous system diagnoses, high-intensity gait training (HIGT) can support neuroplasticity, improving functional mobility. While low- to moderate-intensity exercise is beneficial in improving outcomes in individuals with NMO and MS, the impact of HIGT has not been thoroughly explored. This case study explores the safety and efficacy of HIGT in an individual with NMO.</p></section><section class="sec" style="border: 0px; margin: 1rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="title -title" style="border: 0px; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Methods:</div><p style="border: 0px; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">A 43-year-old man with NMO participated in a HIGT program utilizing the least amount of body weight support necessary to achieve a target heart rate of 60% to 80% of heart rate reserve or a Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion score of 15 to 17 during an in-patient rehabilitation stay. Interventions incorporated stair training, gait variances, and virtual reality.</p></section><section class="sec" style="border: 0px; margin: 1rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="title -title" style="border: 0px; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Results:</div><p style="border: 0px; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The patient successfully completed a 90-minute training session 4 to 7 times per week for 6 weeks following a HIGT regimen for 40% to 60% of each session. Meaningful gains in bed mobility, transfers, and gait allowed for a discharge to his home.</p></section><section class="sec" style="border: 0px; margin: 1rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="title -title" style="border: 0px; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Conclusions:</div><p style="border: 0px; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">This case suggests that HIGT in patients with NMO can be safe and effective in improving functional mobility. Due to the similarities between NMO and MS, this case provides a framework to assist clinicians in developing a HIGT plan of care for individuals with MS. Additional research is needed to clarify HIGT parameters, including intensity and duration, to improve functional mobility in individuals with MS.</p><p style="border: 0px; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></p><p style="border: 0px; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://meridian.allenpress.com/ijmsc/article/doi/10.7224/1537-2073.2023-035/497379/High-Intensity-Gait-Training-in-an-Individual-With" target="_blank">See complete article here</a></p></section></section></div></div><p><br /></p><p>Stay informed with MS information, news and resources. Sign-up Here: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=video_description&redir_token=QUFFLUhqbDZGekwxbWxBc011WXZFa1NUYnpDekZNWDBNd3xBQ3Jtc0tuMWZxRzZ6VURLMGI1TmJmUTNUamtuOHZucEVRc3VxYW5STXdjLV9JNTdXT2RwbFdwT0J3ZkJ0akVtRFZ5VTdHVEJaaDVHd0VDZS1sWXZUOXl4YndUNko2SHFyQXpUZWFwMVFDcE5oSDAyWDdkWUdpQQ&q=https%3A%2F%2Fbit.ly%2F3NkMIeR&v=deRucFKSNBY">https://bit.ly/3NkMIeR</a> </p><p> </p><div class="blogger-post-footer">Visit our MS Learning Channel on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/msviewsandnews
</div>Stuart http://www.blogger.com/profile/14853421273383452873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8010368813638032407.post-86157725630741393912024-01-14T17:06:00.001-05:002024-01-14T17:06:39.572-05:00Effects of Physical Therapy and Dalfampridine on Function and Quality of Life in Non-ambulatory Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial<p>Lacey E. Bromley, PhD; Bianca Weinstock-Guttman, MD</p><p>Int J MS Care (2023)</p><p>https://doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073.2023-063</p><p><br /></p><h2 class="abstract-title jumplink-heading" data-section-title="Abstract" id="15645303" scrollto-destination="15645303" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "Source Sans Pro"; font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.18; margin: 1.5rem 0px 0.5rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Abstract</h2><div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "Source Sans Pro"; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section " data-section-parent-id="0" id="15645303" style="border: 0px; margin: 1rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><section class="abstract" style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><section class="sec" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="title -title" style="border: 0px; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Background:</div><p style="border: 0px; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Decreases in mobility, quality of life (QOL) and cognition are commonly seen in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). Physical therapy (PT) and exercise have been shown to improve many symptoms in ambulatory individuals with MS, however, evidence in nonambulatory people with MS is lacking. Dalfampridine is a US Food and Drug Administration-approved medication for MS that treats impaired ambulation by enhancing nerve conduction. To our knowledge, no study has examined the combined effect of PT and dalfampridine and very few studies have examined dalfampridine's effect on function in individuals with more progressive disease. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of PT combined with dalfampridine or a placebo on function, QOL, and cognition in nonambulatory individuals with MS. In addition, we explored the benefits of PT in all participants to increase the extremely limited research in this population.</p></section><section class="sec" style="border: 0px; margin: 1rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="title -title" style="border: 0px; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Methods:</div><p style="border: 0px; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Adults with MS were randomly assigned to receive dalfampridine (n = 13) or placebo (n = 14) for 12 weeks in conjunction with PT treatment 2 times a week. Function, QOL, and cognition were assessed at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks.</p></section><section class="sec" style="border: 0px; margin: 1rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="title -title" style="border: 0px; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Results:</div><p style="border: 0px; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">There was a significant time × group interaction for the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life-54 favoring the placebo group. Both groups significantly improved on the 9-Hole Peg Test (left arm only), sitting lateral reach (right), transferring from wheelchair to mat, and repeated sit to stand.</p></section><section class="sec" style="border: 0px; margin: 1rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="title -title" style="border: 0px; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Conclusions:</div><p style="border: 0px; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The addition of dalfampridine to physical therapy did not improve function, QOL, or cognitive processing speed. Importantly, this study demonstrated an overall benefit in function and QOL with physical therapy 2 times a week for 12 weeks for non-ambulatory individuals with MS.</p></section></section></div></div><p><a href="https://meridian.allenpress.com/ijmsc/article/doi/10.7224/1537-2073.2023-063/497723/Effects-of-Physical-Therapy-and-Dalfampridine-on" target="_blank">Read article here</a></p><p><br /></p><p>Stay informed with MS information, news and resources. Sign-up Here: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=video_description&redir_token=QUFFLUhqbDZGekwxbWxBc011WXZFa1NUYnpDekZNWDBNd3xBQ3Jtc0tuMWZxRzZ6VURLMGI1TmJmUTNUamtuOHZucEVRc3VxYW5STXdjLV9JNTdXT2RwbFdwT0J3ZkJ0akVtRFZ5VTdHVEJaaDVHd0VDZS1sWXZUOXl4YndUNko2SHFyQXpUZWFwMVFDcE5oSDAyWDdkWUdpQQ&q=https%3A%2F%2Fbit.ly%2F3NkMIeR&v=deRucFKSNBY">https://bit.ly/3NkMIeR</a> </p><p> </p><div class="blogger-post-footer">Visit our MS Learning Channel on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/msviewsandnews
</div>Stuart http://www.blogger.com/profile/14853421273383452873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8010368813638032407.post-12420866610773890372024-01-14T16:58:00.004-05:002024-01-14T16:58:51.912-05:00Behavioral Interventions to Improve Sleep Outcomes in Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review<p> David Turkowitch, BS; Sarah J. Donkers, PT, PhD; Silvana L. Costa, PhD; Prasanna Vaduvathiriyan, MLS; Joy Williams, PT, DPT; Catherine Siengsukon, PT, PhD</p><p>Int J MS Care (2024) 26 (1): 22–29. / </p><p>https://doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073.2022-110 </p><h2 class="abstract-title jumplink-heading" data-section-title="ABSTRACT" id="15706867" scrollto-destination="15706867" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "Source Sans Pro"; font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.18; margin: 1.5rem 0px 0.5rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ABSTRACT</h2><div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "Source Sans Pro"; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section " data-section-parent-id="0" id="15706867" style="border: 0px; margin: 1rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><section class="abstract" style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><section class="sec" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="title -title" style="border: 0px; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">BACKGROUND:</div><p style="border: 0px; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Sleep disturbances are common in individuals with multiple sclerosis. The objective of this systematic review was to determine effective behavioral interventions to improve their sleep.</p></section><section class="sec" style="border: 0px; margin: 1rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="title -title" style="border: 0px; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">METHODS:</div><p style="border: 0px; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Literature searches were performed in December 2021 in Ovid MEDLINE, Elsevier Embase, and Web of Science, along with hand searching for grey literature and cited references. Four reviewers independently reviewed titles and abstracts (2 reviewers for each article; n = 830) and the full-text articles (n = 81). Consensus for inclusion was achieved by a fifth reviewer. Thirty-seven articles were eligible for inclusion. Four reviewers extracted relevant data from each study (2 reviewers for each article) using a standard data extraction table. Consensus was achieved for completeness and accuracy of the data extraction table by a fifth reviewer. The same 4 reviewers conducted a quality appraisal of each article to assess the risk of bias and quality of the articles, and consensus was achieved by a fifth reviewer as needed. Descriptive data were used for types of interventions, sleep outcomes, results, and key components across interventions.</p></section><section class="sec" style="border: 0px; margin: 1rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="title -title" style="border: 0px; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">RESULTS:</div><p style="border: 0px; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Overall, the cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia, cognitive behavioral therapy/psychotherapy, and education/self-management support interventions reported positive improvements in sleep outcomes. Quality appraisal scores ranged from low to high, indicating potential for bias.</p></section><section class="sec" style="border: 0px; margin: 1rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="title -title" style="border: 0px; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">CONCLUSIONS:</div><p style="border: 0px; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Variability in the intervention type, intervention dose, outcomes used, training/expertise of interventionist, specific sample, and study quality made it difficult to compare and synthesize results. Further research is necessary to demonstrate the efficacy of most of the interventions.</p></section></section></div></div><p><br /></p><p>Stay informed with MS information, news and resources. Sign-up Here: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=video_description&redir_token=QUFFLUhqbDZGekwxbWxBc011WXZFa1NUYnpDekZNWDBNd3xBQ3Jtc0tuMWZxRzZ6VURLMGI1TmJmUTNUamtuOHZucEVRc3VxYW5STXdjLV9JNTdXT2RwbFdwT0J3ZkJ0akVtRFZ5VTdHVEJaaDVHd0VDZS1sWXZUOXl4YndUNko2SHFyQXpUZWFwMVFDcE5oSDAyWDdkWUdpQQ&q=https%3A%2F%2Fbit.ly%2F3NkMIeR&v=deRucFKSNBY">https://bit.ly/3NkMIeR</a> </p><p><br /></p><br /><div class="blogger-post-footer">Visit our MS Learning Channel on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/msviewsandnews
</div>Stuart http://www.blogger.com/profile/14853421273383452873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8010368813638032407.post-54488558795709737622024-01-14T16:52:00.002-05:002024-01-14T16:52:14.948-05:00Direct and Indirect Care of Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: Burden on Providers and Impact of Portal Messages<div class="wi-authors" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "Source Sans Pro"; font-size: 12px; margin: 0.5rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="al-authors-list" style="border: 0px; font-size: 0.75rem; line-height: 1.25; margin: 0.5rem 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="al-author-name" style="border: 0px; display: inline-block; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="linked-name js-linked-name stats-author-info-trigger" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; font-size: 0.75rem; line-height: 1.25; margin: 0.5rem 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: normal;">Rola Mahmoud, MD<span class="icon-corresponding_author" style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; border: 0px; color: #0952ab; display: inline-block; font-family: white-label !important; font-size: inherit; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; line-height: 1; margin: 0px 0.125rem 0px 0.25rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></a><span class="al-author-delim" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">;</span></div> <div class="al-author-name" style="border: 0px; display: inline-block; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="linked-name js-linked-name stats-author-info-trigger" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; font-size: 0.75rem; line-height: 1.25; margin: 0.5rem 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: normal;">Katie Callahan, RN</a><span class="al-author-delim" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">;</span></div> <div class="al-author-name" style="border: 0px; display: inline-block; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="linked-name js-linked-name stats-author-info-trigger" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; font-size: 0.75rem; line-height: 1.25; margin: 0.5rem 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: normal;">Doug Schell, APRN, MSCN</a><span class="al-author-delim" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">;</span></div> <div class="al-author-name" style="border: 0px; display: inline-block; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="linked-name js-linked-name stats-author-info-trigger" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; font-size: 0.75rem; line-height: 1.25; margin: 0.5rem 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: normal;">Suzanne Carron, OTR/L</a><span class="al-author-delim" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">;</span></div> <div class="al-author-name" style="border: 0px; display: inline-block; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline;"><a class="linked-name js-linked-name stats-author-info-trigger" style="border: 0px; color: inherit; cursor: pointer; font-size: 0.75rem; line-height: 1.25; margin: 0.5rem 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: normal;">Salim Chahin, MD, MSCE</a></div></div></div><div class="widget-EditorInformation widget-instance-ArticleTopInfo_EditorInformation" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "Source Sans Pro"; font-size: 12px; margin: 0.5rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></div><div class="js-metadata-wrap metadata" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "Source Sans Pro"; font-size: 12px; margin: 0.5rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></div><div class="pub-history-wrap clearfix" style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "Source Sans Pro"; font-size: 12px; margin: 0.5rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="pub-history-row clearfix" style="align-items: center; border: 0px; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="ww-citation-primary" style="border: 0px; font-size: 0.75rem; line-height: 1.25; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Int J MS Care</em> (2024) 26 (1): 13–16.</div></div><div class="pub-history-row citation-wrap-row clearfix" style="align-items: center; border: 0px; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; margin: 0.5rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="ww-citation-wrap-doi" style="border: 0px; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="citation-doi" style="border: 0px; float: left; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px 0.25rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073.2022-102" style="border: 0px; color: #0952ab; cursor: pointer; font-size: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; word-break: normal;" target="_blank">https://doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073.2022-102</a></div></div></div></div><p><br /></p><h2 class="abstract-title jumplink-heading" data-section-title="ABSTRACT" id="15706963" scrollto-destination="15706963" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "Source Sans Pro"; font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.18; margin: 1.5rem 0px 0.5rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ABSTRACT</h2><div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "Source Sans Pro"; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section " data-section-parent-id="0" id="15706963" style="border: 0px; margin: 1rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><section class="abstract" style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><section class="sec" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="title -title" style="border: 0px; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">BACKGROUND:</div><p style="border: 0px; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Multiple sclerosis (MS) indirect patient-care time is often underreported and uncompensated. Data on time spent on indirect and direct care by MS providers is lacking.</p></section><section class="sec" style="border: 0px; margin: 1rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="title -title" style="border: 0px; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">METHODS:</div><p style="border: 0px; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">A survey was designed to understand the practice patterns among MS providers in the United States, including time spent on direct and indirect patient care, as well as managing electronic medical record portal messages. The National MS Society and the American Academy of Neurology facilitated the distribution of the survey to MS providers.</p></section><section class="sec" style="border: 0px; margin: 1rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="title -title" style="border: 0px; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">RESULTS:</div><p style="border: 0px; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Most providers spent at least 1 hour on new and at least 30 minutes on follow-up direct patient care. For indirect patient care, 77% of providers spent more than 1 hour and 57% spent more than 2 hours per day. While some providers have support staff to help with portal messages, many do not have protected time or compensation for portal messages.</p></section><section class="sec" style="border: 0px; margin: 1rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="title -title" style="border: 0px; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">CONCLUSIONS:</div><p style="border: 0px; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Multiple sclerosis providers spent a higher-than-average time on direct and indirect patient care tasks, including portal messages, and most lack protected time or compensation for portal messages. These results highlight the potential impact of indirect patient care (notably portal messages) on provider workload and burnout. Better support, protected time and/or compensation for indirect patient care can help ease physician burden and decrease burnout.</p></section></section></div></div><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>Stay informed with MS information, news and resources. Sign-up Here: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=video_description&redir_token=QUFFLUhqbDZGekwxbWxBc011WXZFa1NUYnpDekZNWDBNd3xBQ3Jtc0tuMWZxRzZ6VURLMGI1TmJmUTNUamtuOHZucEVRc3VxYW5STXdjLV9JNTdXT2RwbFdwT0J3ZkJ0akVtRFZ5VTdHVEJaaDVHd0VDZS1sWXZUOXl4YndUNko2SHFyQXpUZWFwMVFDcE5oSDAyWDdkWUdpQQ&q=https%3A%2F%2Fbit.ly%2F3NkMIeR&v=deRucFKSNBY">https://bit.ly/3NkMIeR</a> </p><p> </p><br /><div class="blogger-post-footer">Visit our MS Learning Channel on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/msviewsandnews
</div>Stuart http://www.blogger.com/profile/14853421273383452873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8010368813638032407.post-15931944802418625552024-01-14T16:49:00.005-05:002024-01-14T16:49:31.846-05:00The Impact of Insurance Restrictions in Newly Diagnosed Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis<p> Ryan Mizell, MD / Int J MS Care (2024) 26 (1): 17–21.</p><p>https://doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073.2022-069</p><span><a name='more'></a></span><p><br /></p><h2 class="abstract-title jumplink-heading" data-section-title="ABSTRACT" id="15707003" scrollto-destination="15707003" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "Source Sans Pro"; font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.18; margin: 1.5rem 0px 0.5rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ABSTRACT</h2><div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "Source Sans Pro"; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section " data-section-parent-id="0" id="15707003" style="border: 0px; margin: 1rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><section class="abstract" style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><section class="sec" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="title -title" style="border: 0px; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">BACKGROUND:</div><p style="border: 0px; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The medical system in the United States has been riddled with insurance restrictions used by insurance companies to limit health care costs. The effects of insurance restrictions on patients receiving disease-modifying therapies for multiple sclerosis (MS) have not been specifically studied.</p></section><section class="sec" style="border: 0px; margin: 1rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="title -title" style="border: 0px; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">METHODS:</div><p style="border: 0px; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">A retrospective cross-sectional study of 52 individuals recently diagnosed with MS at a tertiary neurology clinic was conducted to measure the association between prior authorization (PA) duration and other variables of interest. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine likelihood of approval. Further analysis included multivariable logistic regression to assess the influence of variables of interest on the initial decision from the insurance company and the effect of the PA on disease activity.</p></section><section class="sec" style="border: 0px; margin: 1rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="title -title" style="border: 0px; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">RESULTS:</div><p style="border: 0px; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Of 52 PAs, 50% were initially denied. An initial denial decreased the likelihood of approval by 98% (HR, 0.02; 95% CI, <0.01-0.09; <em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">P</em> < .001). The odds of denial for oral medications (odds ratio [OR], 4.91; 95% CI, 1.33-21.52; <em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">P</em> = .02) and infusions (OR, 8.35; 95% CI, 1.10-88.77; <em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">P</em> = .05) were significantly higher than for injections. Medicaid had higher odds of denial compared with commercial insurance (OR, 4.51; 95% CI, 1.13-22.01; <em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">P</em> = .04). An initial denial by insurance significantly increased the likelihood of disease activity (OR, 6.18; 95% CI, 1.33-44.86; <em style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">P</em> = .03).</p></section><section class="sec" style="border: 0px; margin: 1rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="title -title" style="border: 0px; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">CONCLUSIONS:</div><p style="border: 0px; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Insurance restrictions delay necessary treatments, increase the likelihood of disease activity, and rarely change the approved disease-modifying therapy. Reducing PAs may lead to improved outcomes for patients with MS.</p></section></section></div></div><p><br /></p><p><a href="https://meridian.allenpress.com/ijmsc/article/26/1/17/494514/The-Impact-of-Insurance-Restrictions-in-Newly">Article found here</a></p><p><br /></p><p>Stay informed with MS information, news and resources. Sign-up Here: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=video_description&redir_token=QUFFLUhqbDZGekwxbWxBc011WXZFa1NUYnpDekZNWDBNd3xBQ3Jtc0tuMWZxRzZ6VURLMGI1TmJmUTNUamtuOHZucEVRc3VxYW5STXdjLV9JNTdXT2RwbFdwT0J3ZkJ0akVtRFZ5VTdHVEJaaDVHd0VDZS1sWXZUOXl4YndUNko2SHFyQXpUZWFwMVFDcE5oSDAyWDdkWUdpQQ&q=https%3A%2F%2Fbit.ly%2F3NkMIeR&v=deRucFKSNBY">https://bit.ly/3NkMIeR</a> </p><p>Visit the MS Views and News articles and videos archives: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=video_description&redir_token=QUFFLUhqbF9kT3FnbklFZ3ZxT3l6SXpTTTY3Nk5uUnVKd3xBQ3Jtc0ttZEE1WHVDVXZjUXE5c1FVdjdhcDNMNkN6THB6elh0Q3IwSC1naXltNW40azR5Z25MR3phcXdKUlctVXVXTGZmR2MzQUkySDFUUUVKRExyZWowSFFEWE1HQ2dwcUtzbE9ObGYzbnRCclNYSl9hNWRWOA&q=https%3A%2F%2Fwwwmsviewsandrelatednews.blogspot.com%2F&v=deRucFKSNBY">https://wwwmsviewsandrelatednews.blog</a></p><p><br />Visit us on Facebook: <a href="www.facebook.com/msviewsandnews ">www.facebook.com/msviewsandnews </a></p><p>Visit us on Twitter (X): <a href="www.twitter.com/MSViewsandNews ">www.twitter.com/MSViewsandNews </a></p><p>Visit us on Instagram: <a href="www.instagram.com/msviewsandnews ">www.instagram.com/msviewsandnews </a></p><br /><div class="blogger-post-footer">Visit our MS Learning Channel on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/msviewsandnews
</div>Stuart http://www.blogger.com/profile/14853421273383452873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8010368813638032407.post-54580600014188871082024-01-14T16:47:00.004-05:002024-01-14T16:47:24.688-05:00Awareness and Utilization of Public Physiotherapy Health Care Services to Support People With Multiple Sclerosis: A Health Care Service Audit<p><span style="font-size: x-small;"> Saduni Jasin-Pathiranage, B Physiotherapy, Hons; Lisa B. Grech, PhD, M Psych; Charlotte Scroggie, B Physiotherapy, Hons, Grad Cert Clinical Rehab; Phoebe Sansom, B Physiotherapy, Hons, Grad Cert Rehab Sci</span></p><p><span style="font-size: x-small;">Int J MS Care (2024) 26 (1): 8–12.</span></p><p><span style="font-size: x-small;">https://doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073.2022-057</span></p><p><br /></p><h2 class="abstract-title jumplink-heading" data-section-title="ABSTRACT" id="15707152" scrollto-destination="15707152" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "Source Sans Pro"; font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.18; margin: 1.5rem 0px 0.5rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ABSTRACT</h2><div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "Source Sans Pro"; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section " data-section-parent-id="0" id="15707152" style="border: 0px; margin: 1rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><section class="abstract" style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><section class="sec" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="title -title" style="border: 0px; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">BACKGROUND:</div><p style="border: 0px; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">To maximize functioning and well-being in people with multiple sclerosis (MS), physiotherapy consultation is recommended at the point of diagnosis and throughout the disease course. We wanted to determine whether patients with MS being managed through a large metropolitan hospital in Australia accessed physiotherapy input as part of their MS management consistent with evidence-based recommendations and to identify patients’ self-reported physiotherapy requirements, including symptom management, information needs, and service delivery preferences.</p></section><section class="sec" style="border: 0px; margin: 1rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="title -title" style="border: 0px; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">METHODS:</div><p style="border: 0px; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Surveys were sent to 597 MS clinic patients, and 160 responded. Data were analyzed using descriptive methods to derive frequencies and percentages. The survey consisted of 16 questions plus 2 optional questions related to sociodemographics (age and postcode).</p></section><section class="sec" style="border: 0px; margin: 1rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="title -title" style="border: 0px; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">RESULTS:</div><p style="border: 0px; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Of 160 respondents, 142 completed all 14 nonoptional questions. One-third of participants (n = 53) were aware of the hospital MS clinic physiotherapy services, with 21.3% (n = 34) saying that they had accessed these services. Conversely, 40.1% of respondents (n = 61) reported having consulted a private physiotherapist. Combined, 52% of respondents reported seeing a physiotherapist. There was a clear preference (94.7%; n = 144) for access to the MS clinic physiotherapy service. The presence of at least 1 current MS-related physiotherapy problem was reported by 82.2 2% of respondents (n = 125). The top ways to access MS-related information were via a specialist MS website (57.6%) and a mobile app (55.6%).</p></section><section class="sec" style="border: 0px; margin: 1rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="title -title" style="border: 0px; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">CONCLUSIONS:</div><p style="border: 0px; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">There is an unmet need for physiotherapy, and many participants may have foregone services due to unawareness. Improved awareness and uptake of physiotherapy at the point of diagnosis is needed to maximize functioning and well-being in people with MS.</p></section></section></div></div><p><a href="https://meridian.allenpress.com/ijmsc/article/26/1/8/494321/Awareness-and-Utilization-of-Public-Physiotherapy" target="_blank">Article found here</a></p><p><br /></p><p>Stay informed with MS information, news and resources. Sign-up Here: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=video_description&redir_token=QUFFLUhqbDZGekwxbWxBc011WXZFa1NUYnpDekZNWDBNd3xBQ3Jtc0tuMWZxRzZ6VURLMGI1TmJmUTNUamtuOHZucEVRc3VxYW5STXdjLV9JNTdXT2RwbFdwT0J3ZkJ0akVtRFZ5VTdHVEJaaDVHd0VDZS1sWXZUOXl4YndUNko2SHFyQXpUZWFwMVFDcE5oSDAyWDdkWUdpQQ&q=https%3A%2F%2Fbit.ly%2F3NkMIeR&v=deRucFKSNBY">https://bit.ly/3NkMIeR</a> </p><p> </p><br /><div class="blogger-post-footer">Visit our MS Learning Channel on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/msviewsandnews
</div>Stuart http://www.blogger.com/profile/14853421273383452873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8010368813638032407.post-75739542556546678712024-01-14T16:44:00.005-05:002024-01-14T16:44:41.667-05:00Reasons Patients With Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Contact Their Specialist Nurses<p> Jacquelyn Bainbridge, PharmD; Rebecca Barnhart, PharmD; Ryan Fuller, PharmD; Van T. Hellerslia, PharmD; Julie Kidd, PharmD; Steven Merrill, PharmD; Emily Volger, PharmD; Jenelle H. Montgomery, PharmD</p><p>Int J MS Care (2024) 26 (1): 1–7.</p><p><a href="https://doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073.2022-051">https://doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073.2022-051</a> </p><p><br /></p><h2 class="abstract-title jumplink-heading" data-section-title="ABSTRACT" id="15707105" scrollto-destination="15707105" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "Source Sans Pro"; font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.18; margin: 1.5rem 0px 0.5rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ABSTRACT</h2><div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "Source Sans Pro"; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section " data-section-parent-id="0" id="15707105" style="border: 0px; margin: 1rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><section class="abstract" style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><section class="sec" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="title -title" style="border: 0px; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">BACKGROUND:</div><p style="border: 0px; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) may experience a variety of visible and invisible symptoms and, as they age, comorbidities related and unrelated to their MS. This can result in a complex medication regimen that includes disease-modifying therapies, symptom management drugs, and prescriptions for other comorbid disorders.</p></section><section class="sec" style="border: 0px; margin: 1rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="title -title" style="border: 0px; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">METHODS:</div><p style="border: 0px; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">We reviewed the existing literature to discover how to optimally integrate neurology clinical pharmacists into the MS care team and how clinical pharmacists can directly support both providers and patients through their expertise in pharmacology and medication management.</p></section><section class="sec" style="border: 0px; margin: 1rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="title -title" style="border: 0px; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">RESULTS:</div><p style="border: 0px; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">With approaches founded on a shared decision-making process alongside neurology providers, patients, and care partners, clinical pharmacists can help meet the complex challenges of MS care in a variety of ways. Especially within MS clinics, they are well positioned to enhance current neurology practices given their extensive training in comprehensive medication management and their ability to identify nuances in medication management to promote pharmacovigilance and patient-centered care.</p></section><section class="sec" style="border: 0px; margin: 1rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="title -title" style="border: 0px; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">CONCLUSIONS:</div><p style="border: 0px; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Neurology clinical pharmacists bring multifaceted medication management and patient counseling and education skills to the MS care team and can support the shared decision-making process by serving as an accessible resource for patients and clinicians. By building trusted partnerships between neurology providers and clinical pharmacists, MS care teams can achieve effective and efficient patient care. Future research should compare clinical and patient-reported outcomes between patients receiving standard care and those receiving multidisciplinary, pharmacist-integrated care.</p><p style="border: 0px; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></p><p style="border: 0px; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><a href="https://meridian.allenpress.com/ijmsc/article/26/1/1/494889/The-Role-of-Clinical-Pharmacists-in-Patient" target="_blank">Article found here</a></p></section></section></div></div><p><br /></p><p>Stay informed with MS information, news and resources. Sign-up Here: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=video_description&redir_token=QUFFLUhqbDZGekwxbWxBc011WXZFa1NUYnpDekZNWDBNd3xBQ3Jtc0tuMWZxRzZ6VURLMGI1TmJmUTNUamtuOHZucEVRc3VxYW5STXdjLV9JNTdXT2RwbFdwT0J3ZkJ0akVtRFZ5VTdHVEJaaDVHd0VDZS1sWXZUOXl4YndUNko2SHFyQXpUZWFwMVFDcE5oSDAyWDdkWUdpQQ&q=https%3A%2F%2Fbit.ly%2F3NkMIeR&v=deRucFKSNBY">https://bit.ly/3NkMIeR</a> </p><p><br /></p><br /><div class="blogger-post-footer">Visit our MS Learning Channel on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/msviewsandnews
</div>Stuart http://www.blogger.com/profile/14853421273383452873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8010368813638032407.post-34156968362627504952024-01-14T16:41:00.003-05:002024-01-14T16:41:55.737-05:00The Role of Clinical Pharmacists in Patient-Centric Comprehensive Multiple Sclerosis Care <p> </p><h2 class="abstract-title jumplink-heading" data-section-title="ABSTRACT" id="15707105" scrollto-destination="15707105" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "Source Sans Pro"; font-size: 1.5rem; line-height: 1.18; margin: 1.5rem 0px 0.5rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">ABSTRACT</h2><div style="background-color: white; border: 0px; color: #1a1a1a; font-family: "Source Sans Pro"; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section " data-section-parent-id="0" id="15707105" style="border: 0px; margin: 1rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><section class="abstract" style="border: 0px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><section class="sec" style="border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="title -title" style="border: 0px; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">BACKGROUND:</div><p style="border: 0px; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) may experience a variety of visible and invisible symptoms and, as they age, comorbidities related and unrelated to their MS. This can result in a complex medication regimen that includes disease-modifying therapies, symptom management drugs, and prescriptions for other comorbid disorders.</p></section><section class="sec" style="border: 0px; margin: 1rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="title -title" style="border: 0px; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">METHODS:</div><p style="border: 0px; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">We reviewed the existing literature to discover how to optimally integrate neurology clinical pharmacists into the MS care team and how clinical pharmacists can directly support both providers and patients through their expertise in pharmacology and medication management.</p></section><section class="sec" style="border: 0px; margin: 1rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="title -title" style="border: 0px; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">RESULTS:</div><p style="border: 0px; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">With approaches founded on a shared decision-making process alongside neurology providers, patients, and care partners, clinical pharmacists can help meet the complex challenges of MS care in a variety of ways. Especially within MS clinics, they are well positioned to enhance current neurology practices given their extensive training in comprehensive medication management and their ability to identify nuances in medication management to promote pharmacovigilance and patient-centered care.</p></section><section class="sec" style="border: 0px; margin: 1rem 0px 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><div class="title -title" style="border: 0px; font-size: 1.125rem; font-weight: 700; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">CONCLUSIONS:</div><p style="border: 0px; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Neurology clinical pharmacists bring multifaceted medication management and patient counseling and education skills to the MS care team and can support the shared decision-making process by serving as an accessible resource for patients and clinicians. By building trusted partnerships between neurology providers and clinical pharmacists, MS care teams can achieve effective and efficient patient care. Future research should compare clinical and patient-reported outcomes between patients receiving standard care and those receiving multidisciplinary, pharmacist-integrated care.</p></section></section></div></div><p><a href="https://meridian.allenpress.com/ijmsc/article/26/1/1/494889/The-Role-of-Clinical-Pharmacists-in-Patient" target="_blank">Read Complete article here</a></p><p><br /></p><p><br /></p><p>Stay informed with MS information, news and resources. Sign-up Here: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=video_description&redir_token=QUFFLUhqbDZGekwxbWxBc011WXZFa1NUYnpDekZNWDBNd3xBQ3Jtc0tuMWZxRzZ6VURLMGI1TmJmUTNUamtuOHZucEVRc3VxYW5STXdjLV9JNTdXT2RwbFdwT0J3ZkJ0akVtRFZ5VTdHVEJaaDVHd0VDZS1sWXZUOXl4YndUNko2SHFyQXpUZWFwMVFDcE5oSDAyWDdkWUdpQQ&q=https%3A%2F%2Fbit.ly%2F3NkMIeR&v=deRucFKSNBY">https://bit.ly/3NkMIeR</a> </p><p>Visit the MS Views and News articles and videos archives: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=video_description&redir_token=QUFFLUhqbF9kT3FnbklFZ3ZxT3l6SXpTTTY3Nk5uUnVKd3xBQ3Jtc0ttZEE1WHVDVXZjUXE5c1FVdjdhcDNMNkN6THB6elh0Q3IwSC1naXltNW40azR5Z25MR3phcXdKUlctVXVXTGZmR2MzQUkySDFUUUVKRExyZWowSFFEWE1HQ2dwcUtzbE9ObGYzbnRCclNYSl9hNWRWOA&q=https%3A%2F%2Fwwwmsviewsandrelatednews.blogspot.com%2F&v=deRucFKSNBY">https://wwwmsviewsandrelatednews.blog</a></p><br /><br /><div class="blogger-post-footer">Visit our MS Learning Channel on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/msviewsandnews
</div>Stuart http://www.blogger.com/profile/14853421273383452873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8010368813638032407.post-86593308836170212862024-01-14T15:54:00.005-05:002024-01-14T15:54:46.275-05:00Can the Keto Diet Help Reduce MS Symptoms? <p>Medically reviewed by Luc Jasmin, M.D., Ph.D., FRCS (C), FACS </p><p>Written by Emily Brown</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg-U9q8NCdR2YOC0-CmQ-eNnY2Rn1C08xnb2s_2DB8-6lHzVQTm3Rb7CsRHAnbAIsMKhUspyUCzwkwpP8PsJZYdCVs-OJ0iF4J9_V1EkT7p8uROebL0-lXzO1uSsqKGT4r81mmSwITnHj6eIZ9uoBIiVNYFR9vqWMGFIl8AeV12Uxgz4CFTOryG5SdSAOrR" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="808" data-original-width="757" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg-U9q8NCdR2YOC0-CmQ-eNnY2Rn1C08xnb2s_2DB8-6lHzVQTm3Rb7CsRHAnbAIsMKhUspyUCzwkwpP8PsJZYdCVs-OJ0iF4J9_V1EkT7p8uROebL0-lXzO1uSsqKGT4r81mmSwITnHj6eIZ9uoBIiVNYFR9vqWMGFIl8AeV12Uxgz4CFTOryG5SdSAOrR" width="225" /></a></div><br /><span style="background-color: white; color: #3b3b3b; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">The keto diet is a popular topic among people with multiple sclerosis (MS), including many MyMSTeam members. The keto diet is high in fat and low in carbohydrates compared with a more balanced diet where carbohydrates, when broken down, are the main source of energy.</span><p></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3b3b3b; font-family: museo-sans, Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3b3b3b; font-family: museo-sans, Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;">Research has shown potential benefits of the keto diet in improving MS symptoms, such as reducing fatigue and improving quality of life. However, although some people find their health improves while on the keto diet, others experience the opposite, such as worsening fatigue. For some, the benefits are enough to continue the diet, while others don’t see enough of a difference to make it worth it.</span></p><div class="adb-plc" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3b3b3b; font-family: museo-sans, Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;"></div><div class="adb-zone pos-MID leaderboard" id="placement_595473_2" style="-webkit-box-pack: center; background-color: white; border: none !important; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3b3b3b; display: initial !important; font-family: museo-sans, Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; justify-content: center; margin: 0px !important; min-width: 728px !important; padding: 0px !important; position: relative; text-align: center; z-index: 1 !important;"></div><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3b3b3b; font-family: museo-sans, Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3b3b3b; font-family: museo-sans, Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;">As with any diet that restricts certain food groups or limits one or more macronutrients like carbohydrates, there are risks. Diet affects people differently, and <a href="https://www.mymsteam.com/resources/healthy-eating-and-ms" rel="nofollow" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: inherit; color: #0f57a8; cursor: pointer; line-height: inherit; text-decoration-line: none;">no one diet works for MS</a>.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3b3b3b; font-family: museo-sans, Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3b3b3b; font-family: museo-sans, Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;">Read more details about the keto diet, its potential benefits and risks related to MS symptoms, and what MyMSTeam members who have tried the diet report about their experiences.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3b3b3b; font-family: museo-sans, Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"></p><h2 style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #21304d; font-family: museo-slab, serif; font-size: 1.1875rem; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #666666;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;">What Is the Keto Diet?</span></strong></span></h2><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3b3b3b; font-family: museo-sans, Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3b3b3b; font-family: museo-sans, Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;">The ketogenic diet, also known as the keto diet, is a high-fat, low-carb diet. It’s called “ketogenic” because of the effect that low carbohydrate intake has on the body. When there aren’t enough carbohydrates available as an energy source, the body converts fats into molecules called ketones in a process called ketosis.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3b3b3b; font-family: museo-sans, Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3b3b3b; font-family: museo-sans, Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;">Usually, glucose that comes from the breakdown of carbohydrates is the main source of energy for the body. The American Dietary Guidelines recommend that carbohydrates make up the bulk of an adult’s diet (45 percent to 65 percent). On the keto diet, however, fats make up 55 percent to 60 percent of the diet, while carbohydrates make up only 5 percent to 10 percent. Ketones then become the main source of energy, as there are not enough carbohydrates to break down for energy.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3b3b3b; font-family: museo-sans, Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3b3b3b; font-family: museo-sans, Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;">The keto diet generally restricts starchy, carbohydrate-heavy, or sugary foods. This includes starchy vegetables like potatoes and beets as well as sugary fruits like bananas and pears.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3b3b3b; font-family: museo-sans, Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3b3b3b; font-family: museo-sans, Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;">There are different keto diets such as the classic keto diet, the medium-chain triglyceride diet, the modified Atkins diet, the low-glycemic-index treatment, and the modified ketogenic diet. You might have to try a few before deciding which one is best for you.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3b3b3b; font-family: museo-sans, Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3b3b3b; font-family: museo-sans, Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;">There are many online resources for what you can and can’t eat on the keto diet. Always check with your doctor or a nutritionist before beginning any diet, especially one as restrictive as keto. In addition, research on the keto diet and MS is limited, so keep in mind there are no guarantees it can reduce MS symptoms.</span></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3b3b3b; font-family: museo-sans, Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"></p><h2 style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #21304d; font-family: museo-slab, serif; font-size: 1.1875rem; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.4; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #666666;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;">Keto Diet and MS</span></strong></span></h2><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3b3b3b; font-family: museo-sans, Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3b3b3b; font-family: museo-sans, Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #666666; font-family: museo-slab, serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;">Potential Benefits for MS Symptoms</span></strong></p><p style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; color: #3b3b3b; font-family: museo-sans, Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px; text-rendering: optimizelegibility;"><strong style="box-sizing: inherit; color: #666666; font-family: museo-slab, serif; font-size: 1.125rem; line-height: inherit;"><span style="box-sizing: inherit; font-family: "Helvetica Neue", Helvetica, Roboto, Arial, sans-serif;"><a href="https://www.mymsteam.com/resources/keto-and-ms-can-the-keto-diet-help-reduce-symptoms?utm_source=iterable&utm_medium=email" target="_blank">CONTINUE READING</a></span></strong></p><p><br /></p><p>Stay informed with MS information, news and resources. Sign-up Here: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=video_description&redir_token=QUFFLUhqbDZGekwxbWxBc011WXZFa1NUYnpDekZNWDBNd3xBQ3Jtc0tuMWZxRzZ6VURLMGI1TmJmUTNUamtuOHZucEVRc3VxYW5STXdjLV9JNTdXT2RwbFdwT0J3ZkJ0akVtRFZ5VTdHVEJaaDVHd0VDZS1sWXZUOXl4YndUNko2SHFyQXpUZWFwMVFDcE5oSDAyWDdkWUdpQQ&q=https%3A%2F%2Fbit.ly%2F3NkMIeR&v=deRucFKSNBY">https://bit.ly/3NkMIeR</a> </p><p> </p><br /><div class="blogger-post-footer">Visit our MS Learning Channel on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/msviewsandnews
</div>Stuart http://www.blogger.com/profile/14853421273383452873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8010368813638032407.post-55160670909790535102024-01-03T15:18:00.002-05:002024-01-03T15:18:05.873-05:00MS activity not likely to be affected by dairy or gluten foods, study finds<p><b> No major differences seen in diets of patients who did or didn't attain NEDA-3</b></p><p>by Marisa Wexler, MS | January 3, 2024</p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhD2Xl7pK1qsuQajLWs8VVz2XMWvN2HtH8SjPCg2i5SuBUnHkTzSgPND8FwR5uTABfMUfwc9V1FvILb732Zm8A5vjp2vwkaxekNi9tK8sugiLecA23V60UzloviFpQoe2G3YLAljuWSvN3oE32XFb18-_FFyEH2AaAFyIK92epZYHuE3mM-sg7NFsUm22ce" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="350" data-original-width="700" height="160" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhD2Xl7pK1qsuQajLWs8VVz2XMWvN2HtH8SjPCg2i5SuBUnHkTzSgPND8FwR5uTABfMUfwc9V1FvILb732Zm8A5vjp2vwkaxekNi9tK8sugiLecA23V60UzloviFpQoe2G3YLAljuWSvN3oE32XFb18-_FFyEH2AaAFyIK92epZYHuE3mM-sg7NFsUm22ce" width="320" /></a></div><br /><b><span style="color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px;">An analysis of data covering nearly 200 people with </span><a href="https://multiplesclerosisnewstoday.com/multiple-sclerosis-overview/" style="border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(10, 97, 124) !important; font-family: "Gotham A", "Gotham B", Gotham, sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; text-decoration-line: none;">multiple sclerosis</a><span style="color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px;"> (MS) found no association between dairy or gluten consumption and MS disease activity.</span></b><p></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;">While some <a href="https://multiplesclerosisnewstoday.com/living-with-ms/ms-diet-nutrition/healthy-eating-ms/" style="border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(10, 97, 124) !important; font-family: "Gotham A", "Gotham B", Gotham, sans-serif; font-size: 0.972rem; text-decoration-line: none;">specific diets for MS</a> tend to restrict gluten and/or daily, this study found that people who ate these dietary products were as likely to show no evidence of disease activity (NEDA-3) over a two-year period as those who avoided these foods. NEDA-3 is defined as no relapses, no new or enlarging lesions, and no disability progression.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;">The study, “<a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/20552173231218107" style="border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(10, 97, 124) !important; font-family: "Gotham A", "Gotham B", Gotham, sans-serif; font-size: 0.972rem; text-decoration-line: none;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-line: underline;">Dairy and gluten in disease activity in multiple sclerosis</span></a>,” was published in <em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><a class="heading-xs mt-2 mb-2" href="https://journals.sagepub.com/home/MSO" style="border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(10, 97, 124) !important; font-family: "Gotham A", "Gotham B", Gotham, sans-serif; font-size: 0.972rem; text-decoration-line: none;">Multiple Sclerosis Journal – Experimental, Translational and Clinical</a>. </em></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br /></em></p><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: Aleo, serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.15; margin: 16px 0px;">An MS diet ideally avoids foods that could promote inflammation</h3><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;">Diet can have profound effects on health, and eating a well-balanced and nutritious diet can be an important part of managing chronic diseases such as MS.</p><div class="code-block code-block-6" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #212121; display: inline; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px auto; text-align: center;"></div><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;">While no single diet is recommended widely for people with MS, several dietary strategies have been developed that generally aim to provide for a patient’s nutritional needs while avoiding foods that could worsen inflammation.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;">Some proposed MS diets recommend limiting intake of dairy and/or gluten, based on the idea that <a href="https://multiplesclerosisnewstoday.com/news-posts/2022/03/08/immune-response-casein-cow-milk-protein-may-explain-ms-diary-link/" style="border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(10, 97, 124) !important; font-family: "Gotham A", "Gotham B", Gotham, sans-serif; font-size: 0.972rem; text-decoration-line: none;">these foods may trigger disease worsening</a>. However, supporting evidence is limited.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;">Scientists in Australia evaluated the relationship between dairy and gluten consumption and MS disease activity in 187 patients: 159 with <a href="https://multiplesclerosisnewstoday.com/relapsing-remitting-multiple-sclerosis-rrms/" style="border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(10, 97, 124) !important; font-family: "Gotham A", "Gotham B", Gotham, sans-serif; font-size: 0.972rem; text-decoration-line: none;">relapsing-remitting MS</a>, 23 with <a href="https://multiplesclerosisnewstoday.com/secondary-progressive-multiple-sclerosis-spms/" style="border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(10, 97, 124) !important; font-family: "Gotham A", "Gotham B", Gotham, sans-serif; font-size: 0.972rem; text-decoration-line: none;">secondary progressive MS</a>, three with <a href="https://multiplesclerosisnewstoday.com/primary-progressive-multiple-sclerosis-ppms/" style="border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(10, 97, 124) !important; font-family: "Gotham A", "Gotham B", Gotham, sans-serif; font-size: 0.972rem; text-decoration-line: none;">primary progressive MS</a>, and one person defined as having progressive relapsing MS. All completed dietary screeners to assess their intake of dairy and gluten over the previous two years, including the frequency and quantity of foods containing them eaten at each meal.</p><div class="code-block code-block-7" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #212121; display: inline; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px auto; text-align: center;"></div><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;">The researchers used statistical models to compare intake among patients with and without disease activity over these two years. Specifically, they assessed their NEDA-3 status, meaning patients have no relapses, no worsening of disability, and no new activity seen on MRI scans.</p><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: Aleo, serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.15; margin: 16px 0px;">Likely best approach: A diet that’s healthy and balanced</h3><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;">Among these patients, 87 people (47%) retained NEDA-3 status over the study’s years, while the others experienced some form of disease activity.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;">Overall, dietary consumption for NEDA-3 group patients was about 21% higher for dairy products and 7% lesser for gluten products than among the group with disease activity. However, results showed no significant differences in dairy or gluten intake between the two groups during the two years analyzed.</p><div class="code-block code-block-8" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #212121; display: inline; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px auto; text-align: center;"></div><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;">Individual measures of relapse rates, disability progression, MRI activity, and quality of life also showed no significant differences based on gluten or dairy intake.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;">As this study was in a relatively small group, its researchers highlighted that it might lack the statistical power to detect small effects of dairy or gluten that might be statistically meaningful in larger groups. Still, these findings show with fair certainty that neither dairy nor gluten has a substantial impact on MS disease activity, they added.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="font-style: normal;"></span><span style="font-style: normal;"></span><span style="font-style: normal;"></span></em></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;">“Detection of more modest effects will require larger sample sizes, however, it remains to be determined whether such effects will translate to clinically important differences in disease activity,” the scientists concluded. “Therefore, recommending a healthy, balanced diet for [people with] MS may be the best approach.” </p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;"><b><a href="https://multiplesclerosisnewstoday.com/news-posts/2023/12/22/auto-draft-6/?utm_source=MS&utm_campaign=51c0400b73-RSS_EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_US_%2A%7CDATE%7C%2A&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_b5fb7a3dae-51c0400b73-71296681" target="_blank">Click to continue reading</a></b></p><p><br /></p><p>Stay informed with MS information, news and resources. Sign-up Here: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=video_description&redir_token=QUFFLUhqbDZGekwxbWxBc011WXZFa1NUYnpDekZNWDBNd3xBQ3Jtc0tuMWZxRzZ6VURLMGI1TmJmUTNUamtuOHZucEVRc3VxYW5STXdjLV9JNTdXT2RwbFdwT0J3ZkJ0akVtRFZ5VTdHVEJaaDVHd0VDZS1sWXZUOXl4YndUNko2SHFyQXpUZWFwMVFDcE5oSDAyWDdkWUdpQQ&q=https%3A%2F%2Fbit.ly%2F3NkMIeR&v=deRucFKSNBY">https://bit.ly/3NkMIeR</a> </p><p> </p><div class="blogger-post-footer">Visit our MS Learning Channel on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/msviewsandnews
</div>Stuart http://www.blogger.com/profile/14853421273383452873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8010368813638032407.post-11356121527166919822024-01-02T15:29:00.005-05:002024-01-02T15:29:58.709-05:00Sudo raises $116M to develop TYK2 inhibitors for MS, other diseases<p><b> <span style="color: #212121; font-family: Aleo, serif; font-size: 20px;">Biopharmaceutical plans to advance 2 candidates into clinical trials in 2024</span></b></p><p>by Patricia Inacio, PhD | January 2, 2024</p><p><br /></p><p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgKU_n7PmAR-bErSQSfNvYC4THWyMjT9DvK9LIC04iB7t7n1CiBjJ2afg_BS8N9BiIQHXtr2mWooDEB6Ysi-HWUs1e4e7fnY0GeCAQCrHPJswcSfUJWsyNi1wbm84CXIC__10HLUEKc6aOXCWaEvQB1xdLZ5_xI9aIQ2fXjuk8fvXFfvTKadtDqSHnDuvZA" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="350" data-original-width="700" height="160" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgKU_n7PmAR-bErSQSfNvYC4THWyMjT9DvK9LIC04iB7t7n1CiBjJ2afg_BS8N9BiIQHXtr2mWooDEB6Ysi-HWUs1e4e7fnY0GeCAQCrHPJswcSfUJWsyNi1wbm84CXIC__10HLUEKc6aOXCWaEvQB1xdLZ5_xI9aIQ2fXjuk8fvXFfvTKadtDqSHnDuvZA" width="320" /></a></div><br /><a href="https://www.sudobio.com/" style="border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(10, 97, 124) !important; font-family: "Gotham A", "Gotham B", Gotham, sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; text-decoration-line: none;">Sudo Biosciences</a><span style="color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px;"> has raised $116 million in a Series B financing to support the clinical development of two inhibitors of the TYK2 enzyme for treating neurological conditions like </span><a href="https://multiplesclerosisnewstoday.com/multiple-sclerosis-overview/" style="border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(10, 97, 124) !important; font-family: "Gotham A", "Gotham B", Gotham, sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; text-decoration-line: none;">multiple sclerosis</a><span style="color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px;"> (MS) and skin-related diseases.</span><p></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;">One of the TYK2 inhibitors, given orally, is designed to efficiently reach the brain and counter disease-related inflammation. It may help treat both relapsing and progressive forms of MS, as well as neurodegenerative conditions such as <a href="https://alzheimersnewstoday.com/what-is-alzheimers-disease/" style="border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(10, 97, 124) !important; font-family: "Gotham A", "Gotham B", Gotham, sans-serif; font-size: 0.972rem; text-decoration-line: none;">Alzheimer’s disease</a> and <a href="https://alsnewstoday.com/what-is-als/" style="border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(10, 97, 124) !important; font-family: "Gotham A", "Gotham B", Gotham, sans-serif; font-size: 0.972rem; text-decoration-line: none;">amyotrophic lateral sclerosis</a>, known as ALS.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;">The company also is developing a first-in-class TYK2 inhibitor that’s administered into the skin for autoimmune diseases like psoriasis. Clinical trials for both compounds are expected to launch later this year.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;">“We are thankful for the support of our premier life science investors, which will allow us to advance our two development candidates into the clinic,” Scott Byrd, Sudo’s CEO, said in a <a href="https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20231220169837/en/Sudo-Biosciences-Raises-116M-Series-B-Financing-to-Advance-Potential-Best-in-Class-TYK2-Therapeutics-Programs-into-the-Clinic" style="border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(10, 97, 124) !important; font-family: "Gotham A", "Gotham B", Gotham, sans-serif; font-size: 0.972rem; text-decoration-line: none;">company press release</a>.</p><div class="code-block code-block-6" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #212121; display: inline; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px auto; text-align: center;"></div><p><span style="color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px;"></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;">“With this financing, we are well positioned to progress our pipeline of next generation TYK2 inhibitors and pursue our mission of improving care for the millions of people living with multiple sclerosis, psoriasis and other severe autoimmune and neurologic conditions,” Byrd added.</p><p><span style="color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15.552px;">Studies in mice showed less severe disease with TYK2 deficiency</span></span></p><p><span style="color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif;"><span style="font-size: 15.552px;">MS is characterized by autoimmune attacks that lead to the progressive loss of myelin, the protective coat that surrounds nerve cells. The tyrosine kinase 2, or TYK2, is a key enzyme that mediates the communication between immune cells that may drive disease-related inflammation.</span></span></p><h3 style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: Aleo, serif; font-size: 1.25rem; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1.15; margin: 16px 0px;">Studies in mice showed less severe disease with TYK2 deficiency</h3><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;">MS is characterized by autoimmune attacks that lead to the progressive loss of <a href="https://multiplesclerosisnewstoday.com/myelin-sheath/" style="border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(10, 97, 124) !important; font-family: "Gotham A", "Gotham B", Gotham, sans-serif; font-size: 0.972rem; text-decoration-line: none;">myelin</a>, the protective coat that surrounds nerve cells. The tyrosine kinase 2, or TYK2, is a key enzyme that mediates the communication between immune cells that may drive disease-related inflammation.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;">Preclinical studies in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a condition that’s often used to model MS, showed that TYK2 deficiency led to <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5737835/" style="border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(10, 97, 124) !important; font-family: "Gotham A", "Gotham B", Gotham, sans-serif; font-size: 0.972rem; text-decoration-line: none;">less severe disease</a> and limited the infiltration of immune cells into the brain and spinal cord.</p><div class="code-block code-block-7" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #212121; display: inline; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px auto; text-align: center;"></div><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;">Traditional inhibitors of the TYK2 target a domain within the enzyme that is very similar in other enzymes, leading to off-target effects that may result in safety issues for these inhibitors.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;">However, Sudo’s TYK2 allosteric inhibitors bind to another domain that is more specific to the enzyme, improving their selectivity and safety.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;">The Series B financing round was co-led by Enavate Sciences and TPG, via its TPG Life Sciences Innovations and The Rise Fund.</p><div class="code-block code-block-8" style="box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; color: #212121; display: inline; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px auto; text-align: center;"></div><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;">“We were attracted to Sudo by the excellent science, experienced management team, and clinical potential of its brain-penetrant and topical [skin] allosteric TYK2 inhibitors,” said Edd Fleming, MD, executive vice president of commercialization at Enavate Sciences.</p><p><span style="color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px;"></span><span style="color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px;"></span></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;">“Severe neurologic diseases such as progressive forms of MS, Alzheimer’s and ALS have limited treatment options, and we believe Sudo’s CNS program has the potential to address these unmet needs,” he added.</p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;"><br /></p><p style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #212121; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 15.552px; margin: 0px 0px 0.5rem;"><a href="https://multiplesclerosisnewstoday.com/news-posts/2024/01/02/sudo-raises-116m-develop-tyk2-inhibitors-ms-other-diseases/?utm_source=MS&utm_campaign=b362586554-RSS_EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_US_%2A%7CDATE%7C%2A&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_b5fb7a3dae-b362586554-71296681" target="_blank">Continue</a></p><p><br /></p><p>Stay informed with MS information, news and resources. Sign-up Here: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=video_description&redir_token=QUFFLUhqbDZGekwxbWxBc011WXZFa1NUYnpDekZNWDBNd3xBQ3Jtc0tuMWZxRzZ6VURLMGI1TmJmUTNUamtuOHZucEVRc3VxYW5STXdjLV9JNTdXT2RwbFdwT0J3ZkJ0akVtRFZ5VTdHVEJaaDVHd0VDZS1sWXZUOXl4YndUNko2SHFyQXpUZWFwMVFDcE5oSDAyWDdkWUdpQQ&q=https%3A%2F%2Fbit.ly%2F3NkMIeR&v=deRucFKSNBY">https://bit.ly/3NkMIeR</a> </p><p> </p><div class="blogger-post-footer">Visit our MS Learning Channel on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/msviewsandnews
</div>Stuart http://www.blogger.com/profile/14853421273383452873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8010368813638032407.post-20658875165530242582023-12-27T18:50:00.001-05:002023-12-27T18:50:03.909-05:00Disease activity and neonatal outcomes after exposure to natalizumab throughout pregnancy<p> </p><h2 class="title" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; clear: both; color: #212121; font-family: Merriweather, Georgia, Cambria, "Times New Roman", Times, serif; font-size: 2rem; line-height: 2.4rem; margin-bottom: 1.2rem; margin-top: 3.6rem;">Abstract</h2><div class="abstract-content selected" id="eng-abstract" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: inherit; clear: left; color: #212121; font-family: BlinkMacSystemFont, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, Cantarell, "Fira Sans", "Droid Sans", "Helvetica Neue", sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><p style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 1.2rem 0px;"><strong class="sub-title" style="box-sizing: inherit;">Background: </strong>After natalizumab discontinuation severe relapses can occur despite pregnancy, but third trimester exposure is associated with neonatal haematological abnormalities (HA). The best time point for stopping natalizumab during pregnancy is unclear.</p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 1.2rem 0px;"><strong class="sub-title" style="box-sizing: inherit;">Methods: </strong>Prospective, observational cohort with 350 natalizumab exposed pregnancies from the German Multiple Sclerosis and Pregnancy Registry. Clinical disease activity and neonatal outcomes are compared between women with natalizumab discontinuation during (1st Trim-group) versus after the first trimester (maintaining-group) and for subgroup analysis before (<30-subgroup) or after (≥30-subgroup) the 30th gestational week (gw).</p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 1.2rem 0px;"><strong class="sub-title" style="box-sizing: inherit;">Results: </strong>Baseline characteristics did not significantly differ between the 1st Trim-group (n=179; median exposure duration: 2.60 gw, IQR 1.30-3.60) and the maintaining-group (n=171; median exposure duration: 30.9 gw, IQR 26.9-33.3). Fewer relapses occurred during pregnancy and the postpartum year in the maintaining-group (25.7%) compared with the 1st Trim-group (62.6%; p<0.001). Women in ≥30-subgroup had a significantly lower relapse risk in the first 6 months postpartum (relapse rate ratio: 0.36, 95% CI: 0.15 to 0.84). In total, 7.5% retained meaningful disability 12 months postpartum. No significant effect on neonatal outcomes were observed, but anaemia (OR: 2.62, 95% CI: 1.12 to 6.52) and thrombocytopaenia (OR: 2.64, 95% CI: 1.15 to 6.46) were significantly more common in the ≥30-subgroup. 21.8% of all neonates were born small for gestational age, independent of the timing of natalizumab discontinuation.</p><p style="box-sizing: inherit; line-height: 1.5; margin: 1.2rem 0px;"><strong class="sub-title" style="box-sizing: inherit;">Conclusion: </strong>Continuing natalizumab during pregnancy after gw 30 decreases the relapse risk postpartum going along with a higher risk for HA in the newborns. These results add relevant knowledge as a basis for informed risk-benefit discussion.</p></div><p>See complete article <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38124108/" target="_blank">here</a></p><div class="blogger-post-footer">Visit our MS Learning Channel on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/msviewsandnews
</div>Stuart http://www.blogger.com/profile/14853421273383452873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8010368813638032407.post-18398041774123765082023-12-21T19:38:00.006-05:002023-12-21T19:38:57.218-05:00NK cells may hold key to link between viral infections, MS<span style="font-size: medium;"><b>Multiple risk factors, antibodies against EBV and myelin lead to high MS risk</b></span><br />by <a href="https://multiplesclerosisnewstoday.com/author/marisa-wexler/">Marisa Wexler, MS</a> | December 15, 2023<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg_zPcgVS8AuC37gEJVW4HBtADj8OUnUYjHDVZth1fECYD3UJBDdF0WtR6zaNHU1Shs1GSm7UstGbXS1hNSwET8yYqdMcLXghTsJyT84JYx89UOaXp8TrzKijXdISdoyDimxuI_53SiGWokNizF1-Drd65G8FIY-KnDSHaEiSDLf260ApWp0v_sX560OCUl" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="834" data-original-width="965" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg_zPcgVS8AuC37gEJVW4HBtADj8OUnUYjHDVZth1fECYD3UJBDdF0WtR6zaNHU1Shs1GSm7UstGbXS1hNSwET8yYqdMcLXghTsJyT84JYx89UOaXp8TrzKijXdISdoyDimxuI_53SiGWokNizF1-Drd65G8FIY-KnDSHaEiSDLf260ApWp0v_sX560OCUl" width="278" /></a></div><br /><b>Natural killer (NK) cells, a type of immune cell, are critical for preventing an immune response against an infecting virus from triggering multiple sclerosis (MS), a new study shows.</b><p></p><p>“Our study demonstrates that the main protective factors against MS are distinct cytotoxic [cell-killing] NK cell responses,” the researchers wrote in “Ineffective control of Epstein-Barr-virus-induced autoimmunity increases the risk for multiple sclerosis,” which was published in Cell. The findings were also discussed this year at the joint ECTRIMS/ACTRIMS meeting.</p><p><br /></p><p>“These immune responses could therefore play a decisive role in the development of future vaccines” aiming to treat or prevent MS,” Hannes Vietzen, PhD, the study’s first author at the Medical University of Vienna, Austria, said in a university press release.</p><p><br /></p><p>In MS, the immune system launches an attack that targets healthy parts of the brain and spinal cord, damaging the myelin sheath, a fatty covering around nerve fibers that helps them send electrical signals. This neurological damage ultimately gives rise to MS symptoms.</p><p><br /></p><p>Previous research has shown the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which causes infectious mononucleosis (mono) and nonspecific childhood illnesses, is a major risk factor of MS. Studies have suggested EBV can set the stage for MS because certain EBV proteins have a similar shape to parts of the myelin sheath. When immune cells make antibodies to fight off the virus, they can accidentally begin attacking healthy myelin, which could lead to the neuroautoimmune disease.</p><p><br /></p><p>Nearly everyone is infected with EBV at some point, but only some people develop MS. Plus, antibodies that target both EBV and healthy myelin can be detected in healthy people. So other factors must control whether an immune attack against EBV will spiral out of control to cause MS.</p><p><a href="https://multiplesclerosisnewstoday.com/news-posts/2023/12/15/link-between-viral-infections-multiple-sclerosis-may-nk-cells/?utm_source=MS&utm_campaign=c52ebf5e79-RSS_EMAIL_CAMPAIGN_US_%2A%7CDATE%7C%2A&utm_medium=email&utm_term=0_b5fb7a3dae-c52ebf5e79-71296681" target="_blank">READ More</a></p><p><br /></p><p>Stay informed with MS information, news and resources. Sign-up Here: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=video_description&redir_token=QUFFLUhqbDZGekwxbWxBc011WXZFa1NUYnpDekZNWDBNd3xBQ3Jtc0tuMWZxRzZ6VURLMGI1TmJmUTNUamtuOHZucEVRc3VxYW5STXdjLV9JNTdXT2RwbFdwT0J3ZkJ0akVtRFZ5VTdHVEJaaDVHd0VDZS1sWXZUOXl4YndUNko2SHFyQXpUZWFwMVFDcE5oSDAyWDdkWUdpQQ&q=https%3A%2F%2Fbit.ly%2F3NkMIeR&v=deRucFKSNBY">https://bit.ly/3NkMIeR</a> </p><p>Visit the MS Views and News articles and videos archives: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=video_description&redir_token=QUFFLUhqbF9kT3FnbklFZ3ZxT3l6SXpTTTY3Nk5uUnVKd3xBQ3Jtc0ttZEE1WHVDVXZjUXE5c1FVdjdhcDNMNkN6THB6elh0Q3IwSC1naXltNW40azR5Z25MR3phcXdKUlctVXVXTGZmR2MzQUkySDFUUUVKRExyZWowSFFEWE1HQ2dwcUtzbE9ObGYzbnRCclNYSl9hNWRWOA&q=https%3A%2F%2Fwwwmsviewsandrelatednews.blogspot.com%2F&v=deRucFKSNBY">https://wwwmsviewsandrelatednews.blog</a></p><p><br /></p><div class="blogger-post-footer">Visit our MS Learning Channel on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/msviewsandnews
</div>Stuart http://www.blogger.com/profile/14853421273383452873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8010368813638032407.post-11813007474410428322023-12-20T19:12:00.007-05:002023-12-20T19:14:05.300-05:00Neurofilament Light Chain Assay<p> <span face="CentraleSansRegular, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #375e77; font-size: 15px;">Advance your neurology research from discovery to diagnostics by reliably measuring neurofilament light (NfL).</span></p><p class="ivtr__seg ivtr-btm" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #375e77; font-family: CentraleSansRegular, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0px); transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiuefbZQaMvomK9bDec_LT2YLgzlJo1rSMesep5NSpy48GNZr5aL3I5ssgElBpPOq8_ewyF-MVTYgRbgTAA_W_92McaE2A655dHZTZCPeYqjDPLoHvwxZkDtotpLRXdflw7_RD5eusOZL5bMuyORsvAwbVZo1A3Got6YCzcoupA0R4fN_TZyOGqR7fNN2rd" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="189" data-original-width="793" height="76" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiuefbZQaMvomK9bDec_LT2YLgzlJo1rSMesep5NSpy48GNZr5aL3I5ssgElBpPOq8_ewyF-MVTYgRbgTAA_W_92McaE2A655dHZTZCPeYqjDPLoHvwxZkDtotpLRXdflw7_RD5eusOZL5bMuyORsvAwbVZo1A3Got6YCzcoupA0R4fN_TZyOGqR7fNN2rd" width="320" /></a></div><p></p><p class="ivtr__seg ivtr-btm" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #375e77; font-family: CentraleSansRegular, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0px); transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s;"><br /></p><p class="ivtr__seg ivtr-btm" style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #375e77; font-family: CentraleSansRegular, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; opacity: 1; transform: translateY(0px); transition: all 0.3s ease-in-out 0s;"><b>The Quanterix Simoa® NfL Assay is an ultrasensitive laboratory test designed to accurately measure NfL levels in serum, plasma, or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples. This neurofilament light chain assay is performed using Quanterix’s Simoa® platform, a digital immunoassay technology that detects and measures low levels of biomarkers.</b><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><a href="https://go.quanterix.com/l/228272/2019-05-16/4rtg8?_ga=2.196730348.1771244249.1608200701-179893323.1607524245" style="background-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; color: #0563b0; text-decoration-line: none; transition: all 0.2s ease-in-out 0s;">REQUEST MORE INFORMATION</a><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /><strong style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: CentraleSansBold;">Benefits of using the Simoa® NfL Assay as a neurofilament light chain test</strong><br style="box-sizing: border-box;" /></p><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #375e77; font-family: CentraleSansRegular, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box;">Highly sensitive and specific measurement of NfL, allowing for early and accurate detection of neurodegenerative diseases in research applications</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;">Ability to monitor disease progression and treatment response over time</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;">Compatible with a range of sample types, including blood and CSF, making it a versatile neurofilament light chain assay</li></ul><strong style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #375e77; font-family: CentraleSansBold; font-size: 16px;">What is Neurofilament Light?</strong><span face="CentraleSansRegular, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #375e77; font-size: 16px;"></span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #375e77; font-family: CentraleSansRegular, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" /><span face="CentraleSansRegular, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #375e77; font-size: 16px;">NfL (or Nf-Light) is a 68 kDa cytoskeletal intermediate filament protein expressed in neurons. NfL associates with the 125 kDa Neurofilament medium (NfM) and the 200 kDa Neurofilament heavy (NfH) to form neurofilaments. They are major components of the neuronal cytoskeleton and are believed to function primarily to provide structural support for the axon and to regulate axon diameter.</span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #375e77; font-family: CentraleSansRegular, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" /><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #375e77; font-family: CentraleSansRegular, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" /><span face="CentraleSansRegular, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #375e77; font-size: 16px;">Neurofilaments get released, potentially in significant quantities, following axonal damage or neuronal degeneration. This positions NfL as a strong biomarker candidate for diverse neuropathological diseases. NfL assays that can accurately detect NfL in the blood and CSF offer valuable data for researchers investigating traumatic brain injury, multiple sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, and other neurodegenerative diseases.</span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #375e77; font-family: CentraleSansRegular, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" /><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #375e77; font-family: CentraleSansRegular, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" /><strong style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #375e77; font-family: CentraleSansBold; font-size: 16px;">Applications and Intended Use</strong><span face="CentraleSansRegular, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #375e77; font-size: 16px;"></span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #375e77; font-family: CentraleSansRegular, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" /><span face="CentraleSansRegular, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #375e77; font-size: 16px;">The Quanterix Simoa® NfL Assay has been validated for use in clinical research and diagnostic research applications as a neurofilament light chain assay. The antibodies cross-react with murine, bovine, and macaque NfL epitopes. Researchers can use the assay for studies involving these species and humans.</span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #375e77; font-family: CentraleSansRegular, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" /><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #375e77; font-family: CentraleSansRegular, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" /><span face="CentraleSansRegular, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #375e77; font-size: 16px;">The Simoa® NfL assay is a valuable tool for researchers studying neuropathologies. By measuring NfL protein levels in the blood, researchers can gain insights into the role of NfL in the disease process and accelerate the path from discovery to diagnostics.</span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #375e77; font-family: CentraleSansRegular, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" /><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #375e77; font-family: CentraleSansRegular, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" /><ul style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #375e77; font-family: CentraleSansRegular, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; margin-bottom: 1rem; margin-top: 0px;"><li style="box-sizing: border-box;">Develop new diagnostics and neuro-prognostics</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;">Identify and screen drug candidates</li><li style="box-sizing: border-box;">Validate newly discovered biomarkers</li></ul><strong style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #375e77; font-family: CentraleSansBold; font-size: 16px;">Compatible Instruments</strong><span face="CentraleSansRegular, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #375e77; font-size: 16px;"></span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #375e77; font-family: CentraleSansRegular, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" /><span face="CentraleSansRegular, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #375e77; font-size: 16px;">The assay is available for use on the Quanterix HD-X, HD-1, and SR-X instruments. The HD-X offers automated sample processing and high-throughput capabilities for a neurofilament light chain assay.</span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #375e77; font-family: CentraleSansRegular, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" /><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #375e77; font-family: CentraleSansRegular, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" /><strong style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #375e77; font-family: CentraleSansBold; font-size: 16px;">Simoa® NF-light™ V2 Advantage Kit Performance</strong><span face="CentraleSansRegular, sans-serif" style="background-color: white; color: #375e77; font-size: 16px;"></span><br style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #375e77; font-family: CentraleSansRegular, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;" /><strong style="background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #375e77; font-family: CentraleSansBold; font-size: 16px;"><em style="box-sizing: border-box;">SR-X</em></strong><p><b><u><span style="color: #2b00fe;"><a href="https://bityl.co/N7E1" target="_blank">Click here to read more</a></span></u></b></p><p><br /></p><p>Stay informed with MS information, news and resources. Sign-up Here: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=video_description&redir_token=QUFFLUhqbDZGekwxbWxBc011WXZFa1NUYnpDekZNWDBNd3xBQ3Jtc0tuMWZxRzZ6VURLMGI1TmJmUTNUamtuOHZucEVRc3VxYW5STXdjLV9JNTdXT2RwbFdwT0J3ZkJ0akVtRFZ5VTdHVEJaaDVHd0VDZS1sWXZUOXl4YndUNko2SHFyQXpUZWFwMVFDcE5oSDAyWDdkWUdpQQ&q=https%3A%2F%2Fbit.ly%2F3NkMIeR&v=deRucFKSNBY">https://bit.ly/3NkMIeR</a> </p><p><br /></p><br /><div class="blogger-post-footer">Visit our MS Learning Channel on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/msviewsandnews
</div>Stuart http://www.blogger.com/profile/14853421273383452873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8010368813638032407.post-24503771631172635352023-12-20T10:53:00.003-05:002023-12-20T10:53:15.963-05:00New study suggests possible targets for multiple sclerosis vaccine development<p> <span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(229, 231, 235); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(32, 37, 41, 0.7); font-family: "IBM Plex Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(229, 231, 235); box-sizing: border-box;">Published December 15, 2023</span> | </span><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(229, 231, 235); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(32, 37, 41, 0.7); font-family: "IBM Plex Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(229, 231, 235); box-sizing: border-box;">Originally published on MedicalXpress Breaking News-and-Events</span></span></p><p><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(229, 231, 235); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(32, 37, 41, 0.7); font-family: "IBM Plex Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(229, 231, 235); box-sizing: border-box;"><br /></span></span></p><p class="mdlinx-content-p" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(229, 231, 235); box-sizing: border-box; color: #202529; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 1.125rem; hyphens: auto; line-height: 1.625; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; overflow-wrap: anywhere;">Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease in which the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is thought to play a role that has not yet been fully clarified. In particular, it was previously unclear why almost all people are infected with EBV in the course of their lives, but the virus only triggers MS in a small number of people.</p><p class="mdlinx-content-p" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(229, 231, 235); box-sizing: border-box; color: #202529; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 1.125rem; hyphens: auto; line-height: 1.625; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; overflow-wrap: anywhere;">A team of scientists from the Center for Virology and the Department of Neurology at the Medical University of Vienna has now succeeded in identifying several mechanisms that protect people from an EBV-induced autoimmune reaction and thus potentially from MS. The study, recently <a class="mdlinx-content-a" href="https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(23)01232-1" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(229, 231, 235); box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-color: inherit; text-decoration-style: inherit; text-decoration-thickness: inherit;" target="_blank">published</a> in the journal <em style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(229, 231, 235); box-sizing: border-box;">Cell</em>, suggests possible targets for the development of a vaccine to protect against MS.</p><p class="mdlinx-content-p" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(229, 231, 235); box-sizing: border-box; color: #202529; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 1.125rem; hyphens: auto; line-height: 1.625; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; overflow-wrap: anywhere;">The underlying cause of MS has not yet been fully clarified, but a connection with the Epstein-Barr <a class="mdlinx-content-a" href="https://medicalxpress.com/tags/virus/" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(229, 231, 235); box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-color: inherit; text-decoration-style: inherit; text-decoration-thickness: inherit;" target="_blank">virus</a> (EBV) has long been suspected. In most patients who develop MS, specific immune responses against EBV are detectable, which are also directed against certain structures of the central nervous system and thus contribute to the development of MS. Until now, however, it was unclear why an EBV infection, one of the most common and lifelong persistent viral infections in humans, only leads to MS in a small number of people.</p><p class="mdlinx-content-p" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(229, 231, 235); box-sizing: border-box; color: #202529; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 1.125rem; hyphens: auto; line-height: 1.625; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; overflow-wrap: anywhere;">A research group at the Center for Virology led by Elisabeth Puchhammer-Stöckl, in cooperation with a team from the Department of Neurology at the Medical University of Vienna led by Thomas Berger and Paulus Rommer, has now shown that the risk of MS is particularly high in people with a combination of certain host factors and virus variants.</p><p class="mdlinx-content-p" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(229, 231, 235); box-sizing: border-box; color: #202529; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 1.125rem; hyphens: auto; line-height: 1.625; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; overflow-wrap: anywhere;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(229, 231, 235); box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bolder;">Natural killer cells as a potential protective factor</span></p><p class="mdlinx-content-p" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(229, 231, 235); box-sizing: border-box; color: #202529; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 1.125rem; hyphens: auto; line-height: 1.625; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; overflow-wrap: anywhere;">To be specific, the investigations revealed a greatly increased risk of MS, if, on the one hand, the EBV-specific and autoreactive immune responses are strong and, on the other hand, the patients are unable to control this autoimmunity efficiently. The study authors identified a subgroup of the <a class="mdlinx-content-a" href="https://medicalxpress.com/tags/natural+killer+cells/" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(229, 231, 235); box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-color: inherit; text-decoration-style: inherit; text-decoration-thickness: inherit;" target="_blank">natural killer cells</a> of the human immune system as a potential key factor for protection against MS.</p><p class="mdlinx-content-p" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(229, 231, 235); box-sizing: border-box; color: #202529; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 1.125rem; hyphens: auto; line-height: 1.625; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; overflow-wrap: anywhere;">"These immune responses could therefore play a decisive role in the development of future vaccines," says Hannes Vietzen from the Center for Virology, first author of the study, describing the new possibilities that arise from the research work with regard to the prevention and early detection of MS.</p><p class="mdlinx-content-p" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(229, 231, 235); box-sizing: border-box; color: #202529; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 1.125rem; hyphens: auto; line-height: 1.625; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; overflow-wrap: anywhere;">According to the investigations, the development of MS proved to be dependent on certain <a class="mdlinx-content-a" href="https://medicalxpress.com/tags/genetic+factors/" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(229, 231, 235); box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-color: inherit; text-decoration-style: inherit; text-decoration-thickness: inherit;" target="_blank">genetic factors</a> as well as on infection with a specific EBV virus variant, which, according to the laboratory experiments, leads to a significantly weakened immune response against the autoreactive processes and thus contributes to the development of MS.</p><p class="mdlinx-content-p" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(229, 231, 235); box-sizing: border-box; color: #202529; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 1.125rem; hyphens: auto; line-height: 1.625; margin: 0px 0px 1rem; overflow-wrap: anywhere;">"It may be helpful to analyze the EBV variants detected in these patients in order to identify patients at risk at an early stage," says Hannes Vietzen in the run-up to further studies that are intended to deepen these findings.</p><p><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(229, 231, 235); box-sizing: border-box; color: rgba(32, 37, 41, 0.7); font-family: "IBM Plex Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 18px;"><span style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(229, 231, 235); box-sizing: border-box;"></span></span></p><p class="mb-4 font-text italic desktop-sm:text-lg" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(229, 231, 235); box-sizing: border-box; color: #202529; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 1.125rem; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.75rem; margin: 0px 0px 1rem;">This article was originally published on <a class="text-link-green underline" href="https://medicalxpress.com/news/2023-12-multiple-sclerosis-vaccine.html" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-text-opacity: 1; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(229, 231, 235); box-sizing: border-box; text-decoration-color: inherit; text-decoration-style: inherit; text-decoration-thickness: inherit;" target="_blank">MedicalXpress Breaking News-and-Events</a>.</p><p class="mb-4 font-text italic desktop-sm:text-lg" style="--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(59,130,246,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 0px solid rgb(229, 231, 235); box-sizing: border-box; color: #202529; font-family: "Open Sans", sans-serif; font-size: 1.125rem; font-style: italic; line-height: 1.75rem; margin: 0px 0px 1rem;"><a href="https://www.mdlinx.com/news/new-study-suggests-possible-targets-for-multiple-sclerosis-vaccine-development/6bEVNj9y4G4yxrn7sA0Lo0?show_order=5&utm_campaign=reg_daily-alert_231219_daily-nl-am-v4_registered-users-a90&utm_source=iterable&utm_medium=email" target="_blank">source for this publication</a></p><br /><div class="blogger-post-footer">Visit our MS Learning Channel on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/msviewsandnews
</div>Stuart http://www.blogger.com/profile/14853421273383452873noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8010368813638032407.post-66769696062177227862023-12-18T19:37:00.006-05:002023-12-18T19:37:48.495-05:00Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Reducing Depressive Symptoms in Multiple Sclerosis<p> </p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgpu0AyF7y6S81MDXyHP5JH6-1IzHIZ33v9OAHMPw1LzNx6_mqDNcvgQXzZn3pST6nxWOgkdX6_CO2DWjLiEIHyN-w2FUOKA-c1yyKht6rGTtHAbOpK8VGk-ndOAwkg0jcM6lM0YY8Ui4v7GAN2MdXj06oQWDxrjByHKHphgcSchVL0e3tnznSefxyy5ex3" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1573" data-original-width="1704" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgpu0AyF7y6S81MDXyHP5JH6-1IzHIZ33v9OAHMPw1LzNx6_mqDNcvgQXzZn3pST6nxWOgkdX6_CO2DWjLiEIHyN-w2FUOKA-c1yyKht6rGTtHAbOpK8VGk-ndOAwkg0jcM6lM0YY8Ui4v7GAN2MdXj06oQWDxrjByHKHphgcSchVL0e3tnznSefxyy5ex3" width="260" /></a></div><em style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Roboto; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: 19px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">A remote-access internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy program was found to be safe and effective for alleviating the symptoms of depression in multiple sclerosis patients in a new study.</span></em><p></p><p><em style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Roboto; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: 19px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><br /></span></em></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Roboto; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: 19px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Compared to healthy individuals, people with inflammatory and neurological conditions have a higher prevalence of depression. The onset of depression in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients is associated with impairment of quality of life, higher rates of morbidity and mortality, and more rapid progression of the disease. Among the pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapeutic approaches for countering depression, there is increasing evidence to indicate the advantages of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). </span></p><p><em style="background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Roboto; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: 19px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"></span></em></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Roboto; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: 19px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">This study employed a multicenter phase 3 trial design to explore the efficacy and safety of internet-delivered CBT for treating depressive symptoms in MS patients. The findings are published in </span><em style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-weight: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">The Lancet, Digital Health</em><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">.</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Roboto; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: 19px; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: inherit; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; font-weight: 600; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">Baseline Characteristics</span></span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Roboto;"><span style="font-size: 19px;">The trial included a total of 279 participants, who were randomized to guided internet-based CBT, stand-alone internet-delivered CBT, or a control group. At baseline, 44% of the study participants had received antidepressants. The mean age of the participants in the control, stand-alone internet-delivered CBT, and guided internet-based CBT was 47.3 ± 11.1 years, 46.5 ± 11.9 years, and 47.1 ± 12.1 years, respectively.</span></span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 19px;">Improvement in Depressive Symptoms</b></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><span style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 19px;">Compared to the stand-alone internet-delivered CBT, the guided internet-based CBT group had a higher number of hours worked with the program and a higher number of modules completed. Compared to the control groups, both CBT groups reported a significant reduction in depressive symptoms; however, there were no significant differences between the two intervention groups.</span></p><p style="-webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; background-color: white; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; font-feature-settings: inherit; font-kerning: inherit; font-optical-sizing: inherit; font-stretch: inherit; font-variant-alternates: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: inherit; font-variant-numeric: inherit; font-variant-position: inherit; font-variation-settings: inherit; line-height: inherit; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 1.5em; vertical-align: baseline;"><b style="font-family: Roboto; font-size: 19px;">Improvement in Quality of Life</b></p><p><a href="https://mdnewsline.com/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-for-reducing-depressive-symptoms-in-multiple-sclerosis/" target="_blank">READ MORE</a></p><p><br /></p><p>Stay informed with MS information, news and resources. Sign-up Here: <a href="https://www.youtube.com/redirect?event=video_description&redir_token=QUFFLUhqbDZGekwxbWxBc011WXZFa1NUYnpDekZNWDBNd3xBQ3Jtc0tuMWZxRzZ6VURLMGI1TmJmUTNUamtuOHZucEVRc3VxYW5STXdjLV9JNTdXT2RwbFdwT0J3ZkJ0akVtRFZ5VTdHVEJaaDVHd0VDZS1sWXZUOXl4YndUNko2SHFyQXpUZWFwMVFDcE5oSDAyWDdkWUdpQQ&q=https%3A%2F%2Fbit.ly%2F3NkMIeR&v=deRucFKSNBY">https://bit.ly/3NkMIeR</a> </p><p><br /></p><div class="blogger-post-footer">Visit our MS Learning Channel on YouTube: http://www.youtube.com/msviewsandnews
</div>Stuart http://www.blogger.com/profile/14853421273383452873noreply@blogger.com0