Strat. In

Dealing with expectations

siddhesh — Thu, 19 Aug 2010 06:13:36 +0000

One of the most abhorred, yet very real aspects of life is ‘Expectations’. Right from the top – the CXO and the Board level, to your friendly(?) neighborhood canteen owner – everyone has the dreaded ‘E’ word (expectations) to deal with. The worst part is that a lot of times, what we expect from ourselves is unrealistic, and that puts immense pressure on us. Perhaps, one of the greatest secrets of success is managing what one expects from him/herself.

So how have people successful over a decently longer term dealt with expectations ? Let me quote VVS Laxman – who recently hit a match winning century to level the test series in Sri Lanka – from a 2008 Cricinfo interview about how he has dealt with expectations over time

The mind is the most important aspect. Only if your mind is correct can you bowl, bat or catch in a proper manner. With experience, I have learnt a lot – not only from the ups and downs I have had but also from batting in different positions. Batting at No. 6 or opening didn’t come naturally to me. Batting with the tail didn’t come naturally to me. So the mental aspect was very important. That’s something I am very proud of, and I am proud of my innings in pressure situations. I really relish pressure situations, when you have to bail the team out, and you can’t do that if you are not mentally strong.

Earlier, I used to think of this ‘mentally strong’ thing as cliched . But now, I am starting to believe in that. Another important thing is planning. Setting expectations is great, but having a plan to go with is perhaps as important as well.

Another often neglected aspect of this problem is ‘Expectation setting’. After all, if you set lofty expectations, dealing with those becomes very difficult. An often repeated complaint about the professional behavior of India is that firms here set huge expectations with respect to project deliverables and then fall short. Such a result is not taken lightly in the international market and sets a bad precedent for future international collaborations with Indian firms. Another place where Expectation setting is vitally important is acedemics, particularly in the Indian context. The quote ‘Commit low, achieve high’ is very easy to make but extremely tough to actually implement.

Clearly, expectations are like catalysts which helps an individual, an organisation or a task-force perform optimally. What are your views on this topic? How do you deal with expectations? Let me know in the comments section.

Let me end this post with a comment by Sri Sri Ravi Shankar -The question asked was – How to live without expectations?

If you know that joy from expectations is lesser than unexpected joy, that is sufficient. You need not try to achieve this, it happens effortlessly.

Returning from Hibernation…

Abhishek Gupte — Mon, 16 Aug 2010 09:26:28 +0000

(This is not a post about an issue of great strategic importance, there are no insights here. In fact, this post is about nothing. It is meant to be a communique of sorts. Therefore, if you are looking for something meaningful, stop right here. My apologies to the Strat.in team about this post. I promise my next posts shall be about meaningful issues)

The old-timers to Strat.in might remember me as one of the earlier writers on Strat.in (My posts on strat.in can be found here). Somewhere down the line, my frequency of posts reduced before eventually becoming non-existent. I can make lot of excuses for this; a strenuous job (investment banking) leaving me with little time to write or read, marriage and the accompanying changes, the pains of finding a house in Mumbai and relocating etc. But the real reason is a mix of all of these and one more crucial factor; the absence of something to write about leading to a writers block. So, why am I writing this post?

There is an oft-quoted study in behavioral economics that illustrates the behavioral impact of public commitments. For instance, people who publicly commit to exercise (or better still, enter into a contract with someone that shall bind them into paying a certain sum of money every time they miss a workout session) end up missing fewer sessions. So, I write this in the hope that a public commitment to write more regularly shall make me write more. (Someone might think, that I am being presumptuous by assuming that people care whether I write or not or whether I live up to my commitment. Maybe they are right, but each person is entitled to his self-illusions). I have also changed jobs.

I have moved from investment banking to development finance. One of the things that should do is hopefully provide more issues and topics to write about.

So, what can I write about? I could write about my experiences in investment banking and why I always thought I was a misfit, or why I think most people who don’t get ecstatic at the sight of a Salvatore Ferragamo store would be misfits (But that would require a platform other than strat.in, given that those writings wouldn’t fit in with strat.in’s charter), I could write about the commonwealth games and corruption in high places (But I am not at all surprised with the skeletons in Mr. Kalmadi’s closet or the Congress Party’s defense of him). This is in addition to the fact that I cannot for the life of me figure out why asking for his resignation is unpatriotic. I could write about the situation in Kashmir (But I have nothing new to add). Therefore, in essence, I am left with little to write.

Which brings me to my purpose in writing this post? I would welcome any suggestions on what should I be writing.

(In keeping with the public commitment that I made, I hope to write a piece this weekend on a subject that has been the flavor of the season – Microfinance and the SKS IPO)

MakeMyTrip gets a MakeMyDream Listing!

admin — Fri, 13 Aug 2010 23:38:15 +0000

MakeMyTrip.Com can probably be viewed as one of the first travel sites for India (if not the first!). According to their website, MakeMyTrip has been running since 2000, which means it has been in existence since the past 10 years. After 10 years of struggle finally a big moment of success has happened for this company … it listed on NASDAQ with a market cap of $450 million and on the listing day itself the stock zoomed by 89% to reach a market cap of $800 million (according to VCCircle)

Now, one important conclusion from this surge in market cap is clear. India and it technology companies are being considered a great investment across the world.

India is the next big market for the world: With a population over a billion, growing middle class, increasing consumption and improving lifestyle … companies worldover are looking at India as its next destination. Being the most popular travel website in such a country means big bucks now and bigger bucks going forward
India’s Biggest Travel Site: I am not keen enough right now to visit Alexa and check MakeMyTrip.com’s ranking in India but I am pretty sure it is amongst the top. The only competition can be ClearTrip and Yatra, but I don’t think they beat MakeMyTrip.
Internet Boom in India: India has a growing internet population and with that the market keeps growing.
Increased Spending: With more air travel, more train bookings online, hotel bookings online … the market just keeps on growing.

Now all these factors point to one direction, Growth! India and its growth potential is driving the market cap of these companies and all companies similar to MakeMyTrip, which have successfully made a hold in India will become successes.

The Curious Case of Sports and a Nation’s Brand

shantan — Thu, 08 Jul 2010 05:07:55 +0000

With the grand finale of the FIFA World Cup just round the corner here is an interesting observation: suddenly geography classes in primary schools across India have come alive. The tulips of Netherlands, the beer of the Deutsch, the samba dance of Brazil, the political maps of an unheard Slovenia, the matador of Spain….. I am always able to get brownie points while sitting in a group and discussing soccer nations, coz no one seems to have heard of Togo, San Marino…..and i would have never known these nations had I not followed the World Cup qualifiers. Ok cutting straight to the point – there is something about a nation’s brand that stands out when bespoken of in a random context. I like to believe that sports has been a great driver of this and has positioned many countries to transform their economies.

Lets look at few ways in which countries build such a brand for themselves

Exclusivity of hosting
Many countries have taken initiative and worked hard to retain certain sports events year after year.
A good example are the 4 grand slams: Australian Open at Melbourne,Australia; The French Open at Paris, France; Wimbledon at Wimbledon, England and The US Open at New York, USA. Tennis stars guage their careers based on these just these 4 tournaments. Fans across the globe eagerly follow these 4 tennis tournaments.
Another example is the Tour de France – the most challenging of all cycle races and one that bestows incredible honour to the winner. Ofcourse there are a number of other cycling events, but the Tour de France is the prize that most cyclists vie for. So do the fans!

By taking an early initiative and branding these events in the psyche of the sporting afficionadoes, these countries/cities/towns (depends what kind of administrator is reading this) enjoy a tremendous brand recall in the minds of the public. This translates into yearly bursts of tourism revenue as well as marketing and advertising pull.

Exclusivity of participating nations
A great example here is The Ashes Test series between the England and Australian cricket teams. Ever wondered why there is so much media buzz before an Ashes series even if one of the teams has been on a damp form all through the season? Well…it just works that way. The sports fan loves a contest. And the sports authorities have ensured that the build up to the Ashes is as high as possible even if not exactly replicating the series excitement. All of this translates to more revenues, TV viewing time, and an added brand recall for England and Australia.

Bidding
Many sporting events like the Olympics, the Commonwealth Games, the FIFA World Cup and the like, are hosted on a rotation basis at different countries. The entire bidding process from the draft of the bid, bid submission, bid logistics, infrastructural capabilities, to the marketing and campaigning involved in winning the bid – everything is tied into the brand image of the country or nation that intends to win the bid. This in turn is tied to the revenues, growth potential and opportunities that come by winning the rights to host a major sports tournament.

Name of the tournament
The Sultan Azlan Shah cup is a prestigious field hockey tournament held annually in Malaysia, played by the top ranked teams in the world. The tournament brings a stream of visibility, revenue and brand recall to Malaysia every year. It also helps Malaysia hold its own with the name of the tournament – named after a king of Malaysia, Sultan Azlan Shah. There is instant brand recall associated with the Border-Gavaskar Trophy between India and Australia, as also with Sir Frank Worrel for the trophy named after him for the series between West Indies and Australia. Sadly, our very own Indira Gandhi Memorial Cups and the like, dont really have the same impact (case in point: i dont even know which sport it is for!)

Political Impacts
Last week, the Nigerian president suspended the Nigerian football team after their disastrous performance in the ongoing World Cup. The suspension was revoked. The British premier David Cameron watched the England-Germany Round of 16 clash along with German Chancellor Angela Merkel. He went on record to comment that technology should be used to prevent teams from being denied goals the way England was. Former Australian PM, John Howard often commented on Australia’s cricketing exploits (‘chucker’ to a certain Murali!) and was even in running for the ICC Vice-President this year. Not to mention our very own Sharad Pawar requesting the PM to reduce his workload because of his commitments to cricket (wow!). Sports is often tied to a nation’s pride. Especially a sport in which the country has a history of excellence. No wonder the BCCI reacted so sharply when India exited so early in the 2007 World Cup, or the Brazil soccer federation when the Dutch sent them home. Nelson Mandela used the rugby world cup (aptly won by host nation South Africa) to unite people of different colors in his nation.
These are just some of the many examples…

Key takeaways
1. Every nation should actively promote a sport and persevere in making the national team a world beater in that sport
No,I am not talking about having a ‘national sport’. We dont have to complain that hockey has been neglected even though it has been the national sport of India. Its alright. We know we are world beaters in Cricket. When Indians meet up in the West, they talk cricket. When an Indian interacts with an American, there is a great probability that he would be asked about cricket. There is nothing wrong with that. Hockey was our sporting brand some decades ago. Cricket has become India’s sporting brand today. We should nourish this. And I dont mean to say that we should neglect other sports. We can leave that discussion for another day. The point here is to excel on the global stage in whatever sport we take up. Another great opportunity for us right now is Chess, what with Vishy being crowned as the latest World champ.

2. Every nation should strive to popularize a sport in which it excels.
This will help to create global tournaments involving countries across continents, and thus infuse a healthy shot of tourism revenue, marketing, advertizing and infrastructure dollars. And a concerted effort in this regard can lead to these tournaments becoming exclusive annual events in that country/city/town – thus making for a continuous stream of opportunities and revenue (even if annual).
Opportunity for India: The IPL. If we can make sure that other cricket T20 leagues do not overshadow the IPL, we continue to attract top players and stars, and spread the game to more regions in the world, the IPL can become the world’s hotbed for cricket. We wouldnt be surprised then if someone from say Honduras would learn his cricket in the IPL and inspire a national team in that country. Exaggerating?? Think about it…Didier Drogba’s exploits at Chelsea in the English Premier League have brought so much visibility for his little home country – Ivory Coast.

3. Use sports to spread harmony and peace:

There can be nothing better and more impacting than two countries fighting a sports battle in a sportive manner and spreading warmth and brotherhood amongst each other. I know we are tempted to think of India-Pakistan cricket matches, but we can leave that discussion for another day.

Sure would look forward to your comments

Shantan

Bharat Bandh – An agitated nation or merely a political game?

siddhesh — Mon, 05 Jul 2010 17:23:16 +0000

Having read too many views about the Bharat Bandh that happened today – which had real impact from what I saw in Mumbai, and what I saw reported in the media – I can definitely say that the Bandh has impacted everyone in India in some way or other.

There were some incidences which could have been avoided. In my relative’s office, one of the officers was beaten up for ‘showing the courage’ to turn up for work. Really, such incidences can be avoided, infact should be avoided – they leave a mark in the minds of those affected.

In pure monetary terms, the cost of the Bandh is huge – quoting from this article on Rediff

According to Assocham, the strike eroded the national GDP “by a production loss of nearly a full day which in monetary terms can be roughly estimated at Rs 13,000 crore.”

The calculation is based on assumption that the GDP would stay around Rs 50 lakh crore with a growth rate of over 8 per cent in current fiscal, Assocham added.

I believe in a lot of cases, the ‘support’ to the bandh was a case of people avoiding going out in fear of possible damage in many cases. How useful will such agitations be in real terms, I have my doubts. Over the afternoon, ‘Bharat Bandh’ was a trending topic on twitter – everyone had strong views about the topic.

Quoting a few top tweets on twitter today:

Coming back to the point, it is true that inflation has raised its ugly head in India. Whatever it is, life has become tough with the steep hike in prices of almost all commodities. Those who called the bandh referred to the state of the nation as ‘agitated’. The members of the ruling party however dismissed this as a political game of oneupmanship played by the opposition. What do you think about this? Do post your views in the comments section or on our facebook page .

Finally, leaving you with this enduring image – Bandh-istan – made by the famous cartoonist and good friend Shreyas Navare for HT

Credits: Rediff , HT – links quoted in context.

PS: I haven’t been writing regularly for the past few months. Work had been hectic. But now I promise to write regularly , irrespective of external factors. Keep writing to us about issues you feel about strongly, at contribute AT strat DOT in and we can feature your article on our site. To those who wrote to me to start writing again, Thanks!

Movies Stock Market – A Solution To Piracy?

admin — Sat, 26 Jun 2010 00:26:01 +0000

Recently an exchange to trade box office success of movies received approval from US market regulators according to Yahoo. Personally I believe this is an amazing idea and I had in fact pitched it as a presentation during an internship as well.

Why I think movies can be a good exchange market?

Solution to piracy! I think the exchange can actually help in reducing piracy by making common public a shareholder in the movie. People will be much more inclined in reporting piracy if their own financial interests are being harmed by piracy.

Number of participants: The success or failure of a movie is not in the hands of few people (like sports). The box office success of a movie depends on thousands of moviegoers! Although critics can enhance / dampen the success of a movie but they can’t dictate it. All exchange traded products require the presence of large number of market participants to ensure markets are not manipulated.
Natural Sellers: Movie producers, distributors, movie halls and investors are natural sellers on the exchange. They can hedge a part of their investment via the exchange.
Movie Fans, Natural Buyers: Movie fans will like to buy the movies in anticipation of movie doing well. Ofcourse a lot of people will want to buy Twilight Eclipse Opening Box Office rights and it can be actively traded.
Seed Money to upcoming producers: As far as I understand (and I may be wrong), new upcoming producers find it hard to raise funding and such an exchange can actually help them! The article on yahoo mentioned that big movie houses were against such an exchange and this could actually be one reason for their disapproval.
Invest in a single movie, not the production house: Investors currently have no way to express a view on the success of a single movie, and have to take view on a production house and hope that all their movies turn out well. By having single movie futures we can remove this.

What are your comments? What do you think about this idea? Please do let us know…

BP Oil Spill: Why even $20 billion isn’t enough?

admin — Mon, 21 Jun 2010 20:51:33 +0000

BP has made a blunder. No doubt about that! So we shall not even discuss it here. Is only BP responsible? We shall also not discuss it here. Now that BP has agreed to pay $20 billion in payments to the US Government, the main question which people are asking is …. whether $20 billion are enough? Here are some arguments why they are probably not!

Tourism Industry in the Gulf of Mexico: According to CNN, tourism is about 46% of the Gulf economy i.e. over $100 billion! Has the spill destroyed the tourism industry? Yes, No, Maybe? If ‘maybe’ then till what extent and how much will the loss be? The state governments are saying that the beaches are not closed but will this save the tourism industry? With photographs of wildlife soaked in crude all over the internet, will anyone realistically go to the gulf for tourism? State tourism departments are saying that they are getting cancellations as far as 3 months out. Cancellation rates are being said to be around 50%. If we do back of the envelope calculations and assume 6 months of tourism disruption and 50% cancellations then it give us $25 billion of tourism revenue lost!
Unemployment: In a state with 12% unemployement (according to CNN) the after effects of the spill will likely cause more layoffs. With a major overhaul of oil & gas industry and decline in tourism industry, unemployment will spike. This can have major impact on the society near the gulf and can cause various problems. Ofcourse Government will have to take care of the situation but the costs will be very high.
Real Estate Decline: A natural follow-up of this has to be another shake-up in the real estate valuations around the gulf. Just when US is recovering from 2008 recession, this is not something that anyone will look forward to.
Clean-Up Costs: Exxon Valdrez spill occurred in 1989 near Alaska and it was an oil tanker leak! According to Exxon they spent over $2 billion in clean up costs. Looking at the scale of current oil spill plus adjusting for inflation, this will amount to atleast $5-8 billion.
Wildlife Loss: One of the biggest losses caused by this oil spill is loss of wildlife and natural environment. This loss is invaluable and just can’t be measured. The loss of fishes, birds, vegetation and ecological balance cannot be brought back by money! If we can just learn a lesson from this tragedy of not taking nature for granted then it would be a small step towards redemption.
Oil & Gas Loss: The spill will probably cause stoppage of drilling in deep sea water! This is a good step for all of us in the long term, however in short term it probably means supply shortage and higher oil prices. Because of negligence of one company, some poor soul will have to pay extra for travel!

Ofcourse too many issues and very little explanation. Hope you enjoyed the video though.

MBA Salary Survey 2010 from IIMJobs.Com

admin — Thu, 17 Jun 2010 20:56:21 +0000

We recently received a submission from Mr Tarun Matta, founder of IIMJobs.com. They have conducted a survey from May 16th to May 31st 2010 with over 5600 MBA graduates sharing salary data anonymously. They offered for us to include this survey results on our site and we agreed to do so. So in case you are interested then please download the file here.

IIMJobs.com is an interesting site. It attempts to cater to MBA graduates seeking jobs, which is ofcourse a very big segment! I checked the site first time around an year ago and it was like a blogspot blog with job postings. Now ofcourse the site has changed a lot and has a good listing and page layout. If they are able to source good openings and provide good job referrals then definitely they can fill the segment of job openings website.

India definitely needs a good job website. Ofcourse naukri.com and other sites have come up but are they really able to fill the gap? Are they able to fulfill the needs of job searchers? Are they able to provide executive search capabilities or are they just listings of jobs? I feel they are probably not able to do it, but I might be wrong. Any comments please do share.

Why we need a Liberal Arts School ?

vivekk — Tue, 15 Jun 2010 21:45:43 +0000

Off the various experiences that I have had during my hostel life, this one in particular is worth sharing. Due to lack of better things to do at 4 in the monring, for good or bad – me and Saurabh – were discussing the biggest HR question – Where do you see yourself 15 years down the line ? “While I was thinking of an answer, Saurabh reacted almost insataneously – I would like to start off with a liberal arts school in India.

“What do you plan to do now ? How do you see your career shaping up – Would you want to join Mckinsey after 4 years – or do you have plans to go to Standford ? I don’t think you would settle for anything less than a harvard” If you have scored a rank in IIT JEE or any other premier entrance exam Medical, Law, Engineering- ( Just that Engineering Entrance has a touch of glamor to itself ) these questions are bound to come to you – from reporters who think students at IIT’s publish a patent every day.Then obviously there are friends_who_would_tag_you_as_god, the aunt who always called you Einstein, the Girl_You_Had_A_Crush on.

And now picture this – a spectacled guy who was locked in a room of a coaching institute for two years, probably 3 (if he wasn’t lucky the first time ), who was ignored by everybody including his family for 2 years -getting the world to attend him – including the girls who nagged him persistently for two years and the good friends who never thought that YOU of all people would make it to Stephens/IIT/NLU/NID pampering you. And then comes the big advise – I think you should go for Computer Science. The placements were fantastic last year.”

Reality Check –

If you have completed your graduation or are doing a summer intern, the probability of you knowing what you would be doing next summer or a year later is the same as predicting fate of stock markets. Decisions like Which College and Which Branch, are more than often decided with help of Family and Friends- who normally rely on “Market Trends” to decide which branch/course is better than the other. Decided by the placements and not the interest area, a majority of students end up opting for courses that have best placement history. And yes this condition holds without fail for all the student- be it Law- Engineering- Commerce- Pure Sciences – Arts – Mass Media.

But to expect a 19 year old student to make an informed decision on the basis of his understanding of available courses would be unfair. It takes a while to understand one’s areas of interest. However for good or bad the IT jobs have become the default interest area.

SO WHAT EXACTLY TRIGGERS OFF THIS CONFUSION ?

Until and unless one is an exception, the choice of the major subject usually proves to be a fairly important criteria during the placement and hence in deciding the career path. The irony however is the fact that most of the students do not really choose their branch. end up choosing the nearest possible “best” branch. Here is an excerpt from an inorganic chemistry lecture that I had attended

(This one in particular was targeted at students from the IIT’s but would fit in well for most of the UG students) -

A Degree is AWARDED to a selected lot of students, while it is GIVEN to a some of them but fortunately or unfortunately, to the rest of them the degree is “THRUSTED” upon.

This statement came from a professor who had over 20 years of experience and more papers published than the average class strength of any UG college. After 4 years of student life, I can confirm that the statement has no extrapolation. The big question now is – is there a way this statement can be rectified - Where exactly is the flaw ?

Is it at the entrance exam level ? or Is it during the branch selection process ? Why do most of the students end up ranting about their course curriculum ?

IS THIS THE ACTUAL PROBLEM ?

Or lets actually take a step back and ask ourselves – When we were 18, did we have the slightest understanding of the difference between – Electrical or Computer engineering – Or What they meant when they used fancy terms like Computational Chemistry or Optics Fiber Communication. Very few students are blessed with the ability to pick their courses that interest them. I was not. I ended up “opting” for chemistry for reasons beyond my control. Do students really understand what they want to do at the age of 18 ? In my opinion No.

This is where comes in the concept of Liberal Arts School. Here is a very apt explanation of Liberal Arts School -(From Wikipedia)

A “liberal arts” institution can be defined as a “college or university curriculum aimed at imparting general knowledge and developing general intellectual capacities, in contrast to a professional, vocational, or technical curriculum.” Read this for more .

While attending a liberal arts school is a trend in the US and Europe, the concept still needs to recognized in India. I had another interesting discussion on Quora (an upcoming Questions and Answers platform).The question asked was – Are there any liberal arts schools in India? (Answered by Viksit Gaur)

From my understanding of the term “Liberal Arts”, a student studying them is expected to become well rounded in a number of subjects – from languages and literature, to science and mathematics and everything in between. One also gets to choose a Major (and/or a minor) as an area of focus. This of course is slightly broader than the definition that stems from the term “Classical Education” that included a narrower set of subjects. Liberal Arts colleges (if the seven sisters are a good model to go by) also tend to have smaller classes, and provide a greater set of activities to their students when compared to a larger university.

If we were to talk about a college that is exactly like the ones in the US, then no, it would be safe to assume there are no well known, purely liberal arts schools in India.

However, there are a number of colleges that offer similar courses to their students, although with differences. I’d say Delhi University’s top colleges – St. Stephens, Miranda House and others definitely keep up the tradition of providing BA or BS degrees in various Majors, while allowing students to study other core subjects from different fields. Other major cities like Kolkata and Mumbai have similar, well known colleges as well. All of these colleges are very, very selective for their top programs – so much so that a large number of people who may get into top engineering or other professional programs may not even be on the list for say, a BA in Economics from them. (The dynamics of these admissions processes is a subject for an entirely new Quora post )

Another point to note here is that increasingly, the rush to join engineering, law or medicine undergraduate programs has really taken over the focus of a lot of high schoolers. Combined with the selectivity of these programs, the relative shortage of options, as well as the inability to foresee strong career options post a liberal arts degree – lots of people never even consider these as their primary

Rather then seeing thousands of engineering colleges blossoming across the country, it would be great to see more Colleges on these lines – that help students really understand their interest and help in pursuing them.

FlipKart: India’s Amazon

shubham — Mon, 14 Jun 2010 19:38:21 +0000

To be honest whatever I write is probably already covered in the video, except that Binny and Sachin Bansal are from IIT Delhi 2005 batch, one year senior to me! Flipkart is an amazing site and its success makes me very proud. Firstly because the founders are my seniors, secondly because it proves that ebusinesses are possible in India, and thirdly because instead of an established player a startup has been able to crack the ecommerce market of books in India. All credit to Sachin and Binny for having the guts to take the risk, leave their jobs, start a website and take it to such a level. Kudos guys and all the best for the way ahead.

Update: Just a day after this post the following came up in VCCircle! “FlipKart raises upto $10mn from Tiger Global”