the null vector or zero vector or empty vector is the vector (0, 0, …, 0) in Euclidean space, all of whose components are zero. It is usually written with an arrow head above or below it, or simply 0. A zero vector has arbitrary direction, but is orthogonal (ie perpendicular, normal) to all other vectors with the same number of components. A different kind of vector, also called null vector or zero vector, arises in various generalizations of Euclidean space, as explained below. Since the word null has a more general (and very different) meaning in computer programming, many programmers prefer the term zero vector to avoid confusion. For example, the statement if ( MyVector == Null ) would intuitively be interpreted as if MyVector is a null pointer by many programmers, as opposed to if MyVector is a null/zero vector. For a general vector space, the zero vector is the uniquely {..}