PIPING GUIDE

Types of Pressure Taps used in Orifice

noreply@blogger.com (Author) — Sat, 28 Jan 2012 23:35:03 PST

Any restriction in the flow pipe causes a drop of pressure that is, the downstream pressure lowers by an amount equal to the pressure drop due to the restriction. In case of orifices, the drop in pressure varies from the location of the orifice plate to the downstream side until the flow becomes fully developed. The pressure drop is at its maximum at the vena contracta. Taps are used to sense the pressure and they are classified based on their location. Corner Taps ...

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Piping Corrosion and Corrosion Protection

noreply@blogger.com (Author) — Tue, 24 Jan 2012 09:43:26 PST

1. Introduction Corrosion is the degradation of a metal or alloy, as a result of chemical reaction with its environment. The degradation is caused by an oxidation reaction, In electrochemical sense, oxidation is metal atom (M) losing electrons. (Not necessarily to Oxygen). M → M + e By the corrosion attack of any type, component can weaken. The rate and nature of attack is influenced by mechanical stress, thermal stress, cyclic stress, temperature, type of environment, type and nature of...

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How to Select a Valve

noreply@blogger.com (Author) — Mon, 16 Jan 2012 10:03:20 PST

Each valve assembly consists of a valve body, an actuator and a linkage kit. The instructions and tables in this catalog will guide you in selecting the proper components or factory assemblies. 1. Determine the Application Criteria • Flow type required: o two-way, equal % or modified linear o three-way, mixing or diverting • Fluid type (hot water, steam, glycol, etc.) • Fluid temperature • Inlet pressure required Existing piping or tubing size For Control...

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Various Considerations in Equipment Layout in the Equipment and Plot Plan

noreply@blogger.com (Author) — Sun, 01 Jan 2012 01:06:59 PST

Learning Objectives Equipment layout is based on certain considerations. The final plant design is executed on the this drawing and it should be seen that plant should be safe and economical. This equipment layout is very important because this is used for the execution of plant. The piping engineer has to understand the concept of equipment layout and consideration. While preparing layout, the piping engineer should design a steady process, non-hazardous utility and...

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Types of Check Valves and Its Applications

noreply@blogger.com (Author) — Fri, 30 Dec 2011 08:29:24 PST

A check valve, clack valve, non-return valve or one-way valve is a mechanical device, a valve, which normally allows fluid (liquid or gas) to flow through it in only one direction. Check valves are two-port valves, meaning they have two openings in the body, one for fluid to enter and the other for fluid to leave. There are various types of check valves used in a wide variety of applications. Check valves are often part of common household items. Although they are available in a wide range...

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Pigging in Pipeline Pre-commissioning

noreply@blogger.com (Author) — Sun, 18 Sep 2011 08:43:02 PDT

INTRODUCTION After a pipeline is constructed and before it is put into service there are a number of key activities required in order to ensure that the pipe meets the requirements of its owners or operators. These will vary to some extent depending on the service for which the line is intended, but as a minimum they will be looking for verification that the line has been laid without significant defects and is in a condition suitable to be filled with the intended product. Pipeline pigging...

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Plumbing Systems – Basic Water Supply & Water Distribution Systems

noreply@blogger.com (Author) — Fri, 30 Dec 2011 08:45:43 PST

Plumbing Systems Plumbing is a system of piping, apparatus, and fixtures for water distribution and waste disposal within a building. This chapter covers the basic water supply and water distribution systems, the theater of operations (TO) water supply and water distribution systems, and the sewerage system. Plumbing also includes the installation and maintenance of these systems. When architects design a building, they prepare a set of prints and a set of specification sheets detailing the...

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Hydraulic Reservoirs, Filters, Pumps, Accumulators, And Motors

noreply@blogger.com (Author) — Fri, 30 Dec 2011 08:39:01 PST

INTRODUCTION A means of storing hydraulic fluid and minimizing contamination is necessary to any aircraft hydraulic system. These functions are performed by reservoirs and filters. The component which causes fluid flow in a hydraulic system--the heart of any hydraulic system--can be a hand pump, power-driven pump, accumulator, or any combination of the three. Finally, a means of converting hydraulic pressure to mechanical rotation is sometimes necessary, and this is accomplished by a hydraulic...

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Flexibility Analysis of Piping (Part-1)

noreply@blogger.com (Author) — Sun, 18 Sep 2011 08:44:03 PDT

Purpose of Stress Analysis The designer after careful consideration, prepares most economic layout he can undertake within parameters available to him only to find that further alterations, dictated by Stress Engineer will be required. It is the stress analyst’s function to a) Decide on which set amount of of conditions govern the that must be provided in flexibility layout, and b) To establish, by one method or another, that the required flexibility has been provided in layout. Under...

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Flexibility Analysis of Piping (Part-2)

noreply@blogger.com (Author) — Fri, 30 Dec 2011 08:49:22 PST

Continued from Flexibility Analysis of Piping (Part-1) Flexibility in Tortion Let us now consider the deflection of a beam when it is subjected to bending and tortion. In case of a beam subjected to moments as .shown in figure, the angle θ (The change in slope) is given by; θ - Angle in radians Homent, 1b inch M - Moment, 1b inch I - Moment of inertia, inch4 L - Length in inches If the same length of pipe is subjected to torsion, the rotation of one end relative to other...

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