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Top Insurance Companies In USA 2022

noreply@blogger.com (ttttttf) — Sat, 24 Sep 2022 19:49:00 +0000

Top Insurance Companies In USA 2022

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What is insurance?

Insurance is fundamentally an agreement, having an approach, where an individual gets monetary security or repayment against misfortunes. All in all, Insurance is something in which an organization and a client share risk.

History of Insurance:

Insurance is known from 4000-3000 BC. Around then Babylon considered this understanding a bottomry contract. It was likewise found in Hindus in 600 BC and Greece knew and comprehended about such agreement as soon as the fourth century.

The advance will be not reimbursed if the shipment was lost in the water. Then again, the gamble of insurance would be covered by the interest on the advance. Marine insurance turned out to be profoundly evolved in the fifth century.

In Rome, there were additionally internment social orders that paid memorial service expenses of their individuals on a month-to-month contribution base.

Various organizations have various arrangements accessible for their clients. The absolute most normal kinds of individual insurance approaches are auto, wellbeing, and life.

In the United States, an individual can have one of the referenced insurances, and Car insurance is required regulation. (America's best insurance companies 2022)

Insurance organizations bring in cash since they measure the gamble and conclude whether it is.

worth or not.

The seven most normal sorts of insurance that each necessity or, at any rate, requirements to consider.

Health Insurance
Long-Term Care Insurance
Homeowners And Renters Insurance
Life Insurance
Automobile Insurance
Protect Yourself
Disability Insurance
Liability Insurance

Today we will talk about probably the most renowned Insurance organizations in 2022 in the United States. (Top Insurance Companies In USA 2022)

The top Insurance organization in the rundown of our Today article is "Northwestern Mutual" which was established in 1857 in the territory of Wisconsin.

The organization encountered its initial two demise claims when an outing train making a trip from Janesville to Fond du Lac, Wisconsin wrecked, killing 14 individuals, two of whom were strategy proprietors With misfortunes adding up to $3,500 and having assets of just $2,000, the organization President Samuel Daggett and Treasurer Charles Nash acquired the required assets to pay the cases right away. (Top Insurance Companies In USA 2022)

Guardian

It was established in 1860. Its settlement is in New York.

The Guardian Life Insurance Company of America is one of the biggest shared extra security organizations on the planet. Situated in Manhattan, it has roughly 8,000 workers in the United States and an organization of north of 3,000 monetary delegates over 70 offices across the country. (top life insurance companies in the USA)

Haven Life

Sanctuary Life was established in 2015, upheld by an organization with a longstanding history. Shelter Life is completely possessed by MassMutual, a significant insurance organization.

MassMutual

Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company "MassMutual" started the procedure on May 15, 1851, in Springfield, Massachusetts. It was established by George W. Rice.

The prominence of shared organizations in the insurance business had developed fundamentally among 1843 and MassMutual's creation.

Massachusetts state regulation expected all insurance organizations to take an underlying stock membership of $100,000.

Rice met that prerequisite by enrolling 31 financial backers to buy stock in his organization to meet the compulsory membership. After the organization started tasks and constructed adequate stores to meet administrative prerequisites, the 31 investors were repaid in 1867, the stock was resigned, and MassMutual worked as a common organization.

Why do insurance companies make money and how do they work?

noreply@blogger.com (Blogger) — Tue, 20 Sep 2022 18:28:00 +0000

What is insurance?

Insurance is a financial tool that spreads risk among multiple parties. By taking a risk from an individual, and spreading that risk around a community, the individual is able to go about their personal or business life without crumbling from financial ruin.

In the simplest terms of Insurance, let’s talk about two people.

There are two people called Bob and there are two people called Jim. If I lost my cell, I would give you $10, but if I found it, you had to pay for a new one. If Jim agrees, then that’s insurance right there.

Why do insurance companies make money and how do they work?

Insurance companies earn their profits by evaluating the risks involved and deciding whether it is worthwhile for them to take the gamble. Jim predicts that Bob won't likely misplace his phone and will instead get $10. If Jim finds 100 more people who are willing to give him 10 bucks each to cover their phones, he has 1,000 dollars. If one of those 100 people loses their phone and Jim pays 100 dollars as compensation, he still has 900 bucks.

This insurance idea has been floating around since the ancient Chinese and the Babylonians spread their shipping risks. But it wasn’t until around the 17th century in London that modern insurance really took off. Merchant marine men and traders often hung out in coffee shops in the business district of London, and while drinking copious amounts of coffee, the idea of modern day insurance was born.

Here's how it worked: within one of these coffee shops, Lloyds of London, the center of global insurance, was created. First, you have the client. Say the client has a ship that he is nervous about losing to pirates offshore, or perhaps the vessel will be destroyed in bad weather.

The client approaches an insurance broker. The broker looks at the ship, or pays someone to look at the ship, and they decide how much the total value of that ship is worth. The broker then assesses the risk. He asks the client where he is traveling to and what cargo he will be carrying. With all of this data, he creates an insurance policy, which he then presents to the underwriter, the third link in the chain.

For a cheaper premium, the underwriter may exclude a few risks. And for a few more bucks, he may include some extra risks. Now there are normally lots of underwriters approached, but one will be the lead, and the lead underwriter, like Jim, will normally take the largest proportion of the risk and sign his name first on the policy document. He is known as the underwriter, as he writers his name under the risk on the insurance policy.

The lead underwriter makes the major decisions when it comes to accepting the policy, and will be the main man to agree to any claims on the policy. The insurance premium must first be paid to the broker, who will keep roughly 10% and give the remaining funds to the underwriter, before the policy is legally binding, the client is satisfied, and the ship departs.

But what should happen if pirates board the ship, steal the cargo, and burn it at sea? The client (or, if he's deceased, a representative of the client) will communicate with the insurance broker, who will then go see the lead underwriter and deliver the bad news. The rest of the insurers (there can be as many as 20 in a large policy) are given the message and then the broker must negotiate the best claims settlement for the client or their agents.

The underwriters pay the money to the broker, who passes it on to the client, without deducting any cut. The broker makes his money once the premium is paid, and will help negotiate the best claims for his clients through gentlemanly honor and the prospect of future business.

Presently it may not be all awful information for the Underwriter. If he is wise and not greedy, he may have reinsured the policy. Reinsurance sets the financier in the place of the client. The underwriter sells the policy onto another underwriter or firm of underwriters, while retaining a share of the premium.

Confused yet? Recall Jim and his telephone protection. If Jim resold his 10 dollar phone policy for 9 dollars, rather than the 10 he received, then he gets to keep a dollar each for each of his 100 clients, meaning he has 100 dollars completely risk free. Similarly, much of the modern day insurance that flows through Lloyds of London is reinsured out of the building to smaller insurance companies all across the world.

So which begins as a straightforward understanding between the client and the dealer (or Jim and Sway) is spread across a business community who each stand to profit from the premium or take a cut of any losses. This is how insurance works – by the spreading of risk over communities.

So that is the way oceanic protection was conceived. It was developed through the need of ship-owners to carry on in business should they lose everything whilst at sea. But what about property insurance? Well around the same time, 1666, the great fire of London devastated the city where modern day protection was conceived, and renowned modeler Sir Christopher Wren, in his extraordinary London redevelopment project in 1667, tried to remember a protection office for his new arrangement.

Now property insurance is commonplace with most homeowners having a policy in place. Also medical, life, travel, car, and dental insurance are all commonly held policies. Even pet insurance is a major insurance business nowadays.

Over time the business model has evolved. Modern insurance companies are highly competitive, which is good for you as a customer because the policies are as cheap as possible. Companies now look to write as many polices as possible to create a financial pool. They take the premium from thousands of policies, and invest that money in another financial product.

So the insurance underwriter may pay out more claims than they make in policy premiums. But they have invested all those premiums in a high interest investment scheme, so they make their money outside of the original insurance product. Protection in this model is an approach to making income to be utilized in additional rewarding ventures.

The Constitution of the United States {US Constitution}

noreply@blogger.com (Blogger) — Fri, 22 Dec 2017 16:33:00 +0000

The Constitution of the United States

The Bill of Rights & All Amendments

A highly accessible, easy to use online version full text transcript including the Bill of Rights and the rest of the Amendments with both sequential and subject indexes.

Note—spellings are from the original documents: see list.

Index (access key I)

Subject Index (access key S)

For first time users, vision settings, and hide clause #s. (access key H)

skip to Letter of Transmittal

Full size web images of The Declaration of Independence, Constitution, and Bill of Rights are also available for viewing.

Read About Insurance

Constitution Day is September 17.

(Preamble)

We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

Article I (Article 1 - Legislative)

Section 1

All legislative Powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representatives.

Section 2

1: The House of Representatives shall be composed of Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several States, and the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite for Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature.

2: No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the Age of twenty five Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen.

3: Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free Persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons.² The actual Enumeration shall be made within three Years after the first Meeting of the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent Term of ten Years, in such Manner as they shall by Law direct. The Number of Representatives shall not exceed onefor every thirty Thousand, but each State shall have at Least one Representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to chuse three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode-Island and Providence Plantations one, Connecticut five, New-York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania eight, Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolinafive, South Carolina five, and Georgia three.

4: When vacancies happen in the Representation from any State, the Executive Authority thereof shall issue Writs of Election to fill such Vacancies.

5: The House of Representatives shall chuse their Speaker and other Officers; and shall have the sole Power of Impeachment.

Section 3

1: The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, chosen by the Legislature thereof,³ for six Years; and each Senator shall have one Vote.

2: Immediately after they shall be assembled in Consequence of the first Election, they shall be divided as equally as may be into three Classes. The Seats of the Senators of the first Class shall be vacated at the Expiration of the second Year, of thesecond Class at the Expiration of the fourth Year, and of the third Class at the Expiration of the sixth Year, so that one third may be chosen every second Year; and if Vacancies happen by Resignation, or otherwise, during the Recess of the Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may make temporary Appointments until the next Meeting of the Legislature, which shall then fill such Vacancies.⁴

3: No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen.

4: The Vice President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no Vote, unless they be equally divided.

5: The Senate shall chuse their other Officers, and also a President pro tempore, in the Absence of the Vice President, or when he shall exercise the Office of President of the United States.

6: The Senate shall have the sole Power to try all Impeachments. When sitting for that Purpose, they shall be on Oath or Affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the Chief Justice shall preside: And no Person shall be convicted without the Concurrence of two thirds of the Members present.

7: Judgment in Cases of impeachment shall not extend further than to removal from Office, and disqualification to hold and enjoy any Office of honor, Trust or Profit under the United States: but the Party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to Indictment, Trial, Judgment and Punishment, according to Law.

Section 4

1: The Times, Places and Manner of holding Elections for Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by the Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by Law make or alter such Regulations, except as to the Places of chusingSenators.

2: The Congress shall assemble at least once in every Year, and such Meeting shall be on the first Monday in December,⁵ unless they shall by Law appoint a different Day.

Section 5

1: Each House shall be the Judge of the Elections, Returns and Qualifications of its own Members, and a Majority of each shall constitute a Quorum to do Business; but a smaller Number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the Attendance of absent Members, in such Manner, and under such Penalties as each House may provide.

2: Each House may determine the Rules of its Proceedings, punish its Members for disorderly Behaviour, and, with theConcurrence of two thirds, expel a Member.

3: Each House shall keep a Journal of its Proceedings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such Parts as may in their Judgment require Secrecy; and the Yeas and Nays of the Members of either House on any question shall, at the Desire ofone fifth of those Present, be entered on the Journal.

4: Neither House, during the Session of Congress, shall, without the Consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other Place than that in which the two Houses shall be sitting.

Section 6

1: The Senators and Representatives shall receive a Compensation for their Services, to be ascertained by Law, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States.⁶ They shall in all Cases, except Treason, Felony and Breach of the Peace, be privileged from Arrest during their Attendance at the Session of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same; and for any Speech or Debate in either House, they shall not be questioned in any other Place.

2: No Senator or Representative shall, during the Time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil Office under the Authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or the Emoluments whereof shall have been encreased during such time; and no Person holding any Office under the United States, shall be a Member of either House during his Continuance in Office.

Section 7

1: All Bills for raising Revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur with Amendments as on other Bills.

2: Every Bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a Law, be presented to the President of the United States; If he approve he shall sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his Objections to that House in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the Objections at large on their Journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such Reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pass the Bill, it shall be sent, together with the Objections, to the other House, by which it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds of that House, it shall become a Law. But in all such Cases the Votes of both Houses shall be determined by yeas and Nays, and the Names of the Persons voting for and against the Bill shall be entered on the Journal of each House respectively. If any Bill shall not be returned by the President within ten Days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the Same shall be a Law, in like Manner as if he had signed it, unless the Congress by their Adjournment prevent its Return, in which Case it shall not be a Law.

3: Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to which the Concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be necessary (except on a question of Adjournment) shall be presented to the President of the United States; and before the Same shall take Effect, shall be approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by two thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the Rules and Limitations prescribed in the Case of a Bill.

Section 8

1: The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States; but all Duties, Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States;

2: To borrow Money on the credit of the United States;

3: To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes;

4: To establish an uniform Rule of Naturalization, and uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United States;

5: To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, and of foreign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures;

6: To provide for the Punishment of counterfeiting the Securities and current Coin of the United States;

7: To establish Post Offices and post Roads;

8: To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries;

9: To constitute Tribunals inferior to the supreme Court;

10: To define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high Seas, and Offences against the Law of Nations;

11: To declare War, grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and Water;

12: To raise and support Armies, but no Appropriation of Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years;

13: To provide and maintain a Navy;

14: To make Rules for the Government and Regulation of the land and naval Forces;

15: To provide for calling forth the Militia to execute the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel Invasions;

16: To provide for organizing, arming, and disciplining, the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be employed in the Service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively, the Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the Militia according to the discipline prescribed by Congress.

17: To exercise exclusive Legislation in all Cases whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as may, by Cession of particular States, and the Acceptance of Congress, become the Seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the Legislature of the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts, Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful Buildings;—And

18: To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other Powers vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United States, or in any Department or Officer thereof.

Section 9

1: The Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the Year one thousand eight hundred and eight, but a Tax or duty may be imposed on such Importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each Person.

2: The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus shall not be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the public Safety may require it.

3: No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law shall be passed.

4: No Capitation, or other direct, Tax shall be laid, unless in Proportion to the Census or Enumeration herein before directed to be taken.⁷

5: No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles exported from any State.

6: No Preference shall be given by any Regulation of Commerce or Revenue to the Ports of one State over those of another: nor shall Vessels bound to, or from, one State, be obliged to enter, clear, or pay Duties in another.

7: No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, but in Consequence of Appropriations made by Law; and a regular Statement and Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall be published from time to time.

8: No Title of Nobility shall be granted by the United States: And no Person holding any Office of Profit or Trust under them, shall, without the Consent of the Congress, accept of any present, Emolument, Office, or Title, of any kind whatever, from any King, Prince, or foreign State.

Section 10

1: No State shall enter into any Treaty, Alliance, or Confederation; grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal; coin Money; emit Bills of Credit; make any Thing but gold and silver Coin a Tender in Payment of Debts; pass any Bill of Attainder, ex post facto Law, or Law impairing the Obligation of Contracts, or grant any Title of Nobility.

2: No State shall, without the Consent of the Congress, lay any Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing it's inspection Laws: and the net Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laid by any State on Imports or Exports, shall be for the Use of the Treasury of the United States; and all such Laws shall be subject to the Revision and Controul of the Congress.

3: No State shall, without the Consent of Congress, lay any Duty of Tonnage, keep Troops, or Ships of War in time of Peace, enter into any Agreement or Compact with another State, or with a foreign Power, or engage in War, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent Danger as will not admit of delay.

Article II (Article 2 - Executive)

Section 1

1: The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the Term of four Years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen for the same Term, be elected, as follows

2: Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as the Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the whole Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress: but no Senator or Representative, or Person holding an Office of Trust or Profit under the United States, shall be appointed an Elector.

3: The Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by Ballot for two Persons, of whom one at least shall not be an Inhabitant of the same State with themselves. And they shall make a List of all the Persons voted for, and of the Number of Votes for each; which List they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the Seat of the Government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of the Senate shall, in the Presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the Certificates, and the Votes shall then be counted. The Person having the greatest Number of Votes shall be the President, if such Number be a Majority of the whole Number of Electors appointed; and if there be more than one who have such Majority, and have an equal Number of Votes, then the House of Representatives shall immediately chuse by Ballot one of them for President; and if no Person have a Majority, then from the five highest on the List the said House shall in like Manner chuse the President. But in chusing the President, the Votes shall be taken by States, the Representation from each State having one Vote; A quorum for this Purpose shall consist of a Member or Members from two thirds of the States, and a Majority of all the States shall be necessary to a Choice. In every Case, after the Choice of the President, the Person having the greatest Number of Votes of the Electors shall be the Vice President. But if there should remain two or more who have equal Votes, the Senate shall chuse from them by Ballot the Vice President.⁸

4: The Congress may determine the Time of chusing the Electors, and the Day on which they shall give their Votes; which Day shall be the same throughout the United States.

5: No Person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United States, at the time of the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the Office of President; neither shall any Person be eligible to that Office who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty five Years, and been fourteen Years a Resident within the United States.

6: In Case of the Removal of the President from Office, or of his Death, Resignation, or Inability to discharge the Powers andDuties of the said Office,⁹ the Same shall devolve on the VicePresident, and the Congress may by Law provide for the Case of Removal, Death, Resignation or Inability, both of the President and Vice President, declaring what Officer shall then act as President, and such Officer shall act accordingly, until the Disability be removed, or a President shall be elected.

7: The President shall, at stated Times, receive for his Services, a Compensation, which shall neither be encreased nor diminished during the Period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that Period any otherEmolument from the United States, or any of them.

8: Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he shall take the following Oath or Affirmation:—“I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States.”

Section 2

1: The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States; he may require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices, and he shall have Power to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offences against the United States, except in Cases of Impeachment.

2: He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law: but the Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of Departments.

3: The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End of their next Session.

Section 3

He shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary Occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in Case of Disagreement between them, with Respect to the Time of Adjournment, he may adjourn them to such Time as he shall think proper; he shall receive Ambassadors and other public Ministers; he shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed, and shall Commission all the Officers of the United States.

Section 4

The President, Vice President and all civil Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors.

Article III (Article 3 - Judicial)

Section 1

The judicial Power of the United States, shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour, and shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services, a Compensation, which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office.

Section 2

1: The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority;—to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls;—to all Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction;—to Controversies to which the United States shall be a Party;—to Controversies between two or more States;—between a State and Citizens of another State;¹⁰ —between Citizens of different States, —between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands under Grants of different States, and between a State, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects.

2: In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party, the supreme Court shall have original Jurisdiction. In all the other Cases before mentioned, the supreme Court shall have appellate Jurisdiction, both as to Law and Fact, with such Exceptions, and under such Regulations as the Congress shall make.

3: The Trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of Impeachment, shall be by Jury; and such Trial shall be held in the State where the said Crimes shall have been committed; but when not committed within any State, the Trial shall be at such Place or Places as the Congress may by Law have directed.

Section 3

1: Treason against the United States, shall consist only in levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, giving them Aid and Comfort. No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on the Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession in open Court.

2: The Congress shall have Power to declare the Punishment of Treason, but no Attainder of Treason shall work Corruption of Blood, or Forfeiture except during the Life of the Person attainted.

Article IV (Article 4 - States' Relations)

Section 1

Full Faith and Credit shall be given in each State to the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other State. And the Congress may by general Laws prescribe the Manner in which such Acts, Records and Proceedings shall be proved, and the Effect thereof.

Section 2

1: The Citizens of each State shall be entitled to all Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States.

2: A Person charged in any State with Treason, Felony, or other Crime, who shall flee from Justice, and be found in another State, shall on Demand of the executive Authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having Jurisdiction of the Crime.

3: No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein, be discharged from such Service or Labour, but shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or Labour may be due.¹¹

Section 3

1: New States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union; but no new State shall be formed or erected within the Jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be formed by the Junction of two or more States, or Parts of States, without the Consent of the Legislatures of the States concerned as well as of the Congress.

2: The Congress shall have Power to dispose of and make all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or other Property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to Prejudice any Claims of the United States, or of any particular State.

Section 4

The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each of them against Invasion; and on Application of the Legislature, or of the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened) against domestic Violence.

Article V (Article 5 - Mode of Amendment)

The Congress, whenever two thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments to this Constitution, or, on the Application of the Legislatures of two thirds of the several States, shall call a Convention for proposing Amendments, which, in either Case, shall be valid to all Intents and Purposes, as Part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures ofthree fourths of the several States, or by Conventions in three fourths thereof, as the one or the other Mode of Ratification may be proposed by the Congress; Provided that no Amendment which may be made prior to the Year One thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any Manner affect the first and fourth Clauses in the Ninth Section of the first Article; and that no State, without its Consent, shall be deprived of its equal Suffrage in the Senate.

Article VI (Article 6 - Prior Debts, National Supremacy, Oaths of Office)

1: All Debts contracted and Engagements entered into, before the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution, as under the Confederation.

2: This Constitution, and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, or which shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be the supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding.

3: The Senators and Representatives before mentioned, and the Members of the several State Legislatures, and all executive and judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this Constitution; but no religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any Office or public Trust under the United States.

Article VII (Article 7 - Ratification)

The Ratification of the Conventions of nine States, shall be sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution between the States so ratifying the Same.

The Word "the", being interlined between the seventh and eight Lines of the first Page, The Word "Thirty" being partly written on an Erazure in the fifteenth Line of the first Page. The Words "is tried" being interlined between the thirty second and thirty thirdLines of the first Page and the Word "the" being interlined between the forty third and forty fourth Lines of the second Page.

done in Convention by the Unanimous Consent of the States present the Seventeenth Day of September in the Year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and Eighty seven and of the Independence of the United States of America the Twelfth In witness whereof We have hereunto subscribed our Names,

AttestWilliam Jackson Secretary

G^o: Washington -Presid^t. and deputy from Virginia

Delaware

  Geo: Read
  Gunning Bedford jun
  John Dickinson
  Richard Bassett
  Jaco: Broom

Maryland

  James M^cHenry
  Dan of S^t   Tho^s. Jenifer
  Dan^l Carroll.

Virginia

John Blair—
James Madison Jr.

North Carolina

  W^m Blount
  Rich^d. Dobbs Spaight.
  Hu Williamson

South Carolina

  J. Rutledge
  Charles Cotesworth Pinckney
  Charles Pinckney
  Pierce Butler.

Georgia

William Few
Abr Baldwin

New Hampshire

John Langdon
Nicholas Gilman

Massachusetts

Nathaniel Gorham
Rufus King

Connecticut

W^m. Sam^l. Johnson
Roger Sherman

New York

Alexander Hamilton

New Jersey

  Wil. Livingston
  David Brearley.
  W^m. Paterson.
  Jona: Dayton

Pennsylvania

  B Franklin
  Thomas Mifflin
  Rob^t Morris
  Geo. Clymer
  Tho^s. FitzSimons
  Jared Ingersoll
  James Wilson.
  Gouv Morris

Letter of Transmittal

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In Convention. Monday September 17th 1787.
Present
The States of

New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Mr. Hamilton from New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina and Georgia.

Resolved, That the preceeding Constitution be laid before the United States in Congress assembled, and that it is the Opinion of this Convention, that it should afterwards be submitted to a Convention of Delegates, chosen in each State by the People thereof, under the Recommendation of its Legislature, for their Assent and Ratification; and that each Convention assenting to, and ratifying the Same, should give Notice thereof to the United States in Congress assembled. Resolved, That it is the Opinion of this Convention, that as soon as the Conventions of nine States shall have ratified this Constitution, the United States in Congress assembled should fix a Day on which Electors should be appointed by the States which shall have ratified the same, and a Day on which the Electors should assemble to vote for the President, and the Time and Place for commencing Proceedings under this Constitution.
That after such Publication the Electors should be appointed, and the Senators and Representatives elected: That the Electors should meet on the Day fixed for the Election of the President, and should transmit their Votes certified, signed, sealed and directed, as the Constitution requires, to the Secretary of the United States in Congress assembled, that the Senators and Representatives should convene at the Time and Place assigned; that the Senators should appoint a President of the Senate, for the sole Purpose of receiving, opening and counting the Votes for President; and, that after he shall be chosen, the Congress, together with the President, should, without Delay, proceed to execute this Constitution.

	By the unanimous Order of the Convention
W. Jackson Secretary.	G^o: Washington -Presid^t.

Letter of Transmittal to the President of Congress

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In Convention. Monday September 17th 1787.

SIR:

We have now the honor to submit to the consideration of the United States in Congress assembled, that Constitution which has appeared to us the most advisable.

The friends of our country have long seen and desired that the power of making war, peace, and treaties, that of levying money, and regulating commerce, and the correspondent executive and judicial authorities, should be fully and effectually vested in the General Government of the Union; but the impropriety of delegating such extensive trust to one body of men is evident: hence results the necessity of a different organization.

It is obviously impracticable in the Federal Government of these States to secure all rights of independent sovereignty to each, and yet provide for the interest and safety of all. Individuals entering into society must give up a share of liberty to preserve the rest. The magnitude of the sacrifice must depend as well on situation and circumstance, as on the object to be obtained. It is at all times difficult to draw with precision the line between those rights which must be surrendered, and those which may be preserved; and, on the present occasion, this difficulty was increased by a difference among the several States as to their situation, extent, habits, and particular interests.

In all our deliberations on this subject, we kept steadily in our view that which appears to us the greatest interest of every true American, the consolidation of our Union, in which is involved our prosperity, felicity, safety—perhaps our national existence. This important consideration, seriously and deeply impressed on our minds, led each State in the Convention to be less rigid on points of inferior magnitude than might have been otherwise expected; and thus, the Constitution which we now present is the result of a spirit of amity, and of that mutual deference and concession, which the peculiarity of our political situation rendered indispensable.

That it will meet the full and entire approbation of every State is not, perhaps, to be expected; but each will, doubtless, consider, that had her interest alone been consulted, the consequences might have been particularly disagreeable or injurious to others; that it is liable to as few exceptions as could reasonably have been expected, we hope and believe; that it may promote the lasting welfare of that Country so dear to us all, and secure her freedom and happiness, is our most ardent wish.

    With great respect,
    we have the honor to be,
        SIR,
      your excellency's most obedient and humble servants:
    GEORGE WASHINGTON, President.
  By the unanimous order of the convention.

His Excellency
  the President of Congress.

Amendments to the Constitution

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(The procedure for changing the United States Constitution is Article V - Mode of Amendment)

(The Preamble to The Bill of Rights)

Congress OF THE United States

begun and held at the City of New-York, on Wednesday the fourth of March, one thousand seven hundred and eighty nine.

THE Conventions of a number of the States, having at the time of their adopting the Constitution, expressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction or abuse of its powers, that further declaratory and restrictive clauses should be added: And as extending the ground of public confidence in the Government, will best ensure the beneficent ends of its institution.

RESOLVED by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, two thirds of both Houses concurring, that the following Articles be proposed to the Legislatures of the several States, as amendments to the Constitution of the United States, all, or any of which Articles, when ratified by three fourths of the said Legislatures, to be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of the said Constitution; viz.

ARTICLES in addition to, and Amendment of the Constitution of the United States of America, proposed by Congress, and ratified by the Legislatures of the several States, pursuant to the fifth Article of the original Constitution.¹²

(Articles I through X are known as the Bill of Rights) ^ratified

-

Article the first. .... After the first enumeration required by the first Article of the Constitution, there shall be one Representative for every thirty thousand, until the number shall amount to one hundred, after which, the proportion shall be so regulated by Congress, that there shall be not less than one hundred Representatives, nor less than one Representative for every forty thousand persons, until the number of Representatives shall amount to two hundred, after which the proportion shall be so regulated by Congress, that there shall not be less than two hundred Representatives, nor more than one Representative for every fifty thousand persons.

-

Article the second. .... No law, varying the compensation for the services of the Senators and Representatives, shall take effect, until an election of Representatives shall have intervened. ^{see Amendment XXVII}

Article [I] (Amendment 1 - Freedom of expression and religion) ¹³

Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.

Article [II] (Amendment 2 - Bearing Arms)

A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.

Article [III] (Amendment 3 - Quartering Soldiers)

No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law.

Article [IV] (Amendment 4 - Search and Seizure)

The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized.

Article [V] (Amendment 5 - Rights of Persons)

No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

Article [VI] (Amendment 6 - Rights of Accused in Criminal Prosecutions)

In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the Assistance of Counsel for his defence.

Article [VII] (Amendment 7 - Civil Trials)

In Suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury, shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law.

Article [VIII] (Amendment 8 - Further Guarantees in Criminal Cases)

Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

Article [IX] (Amendment 9 - Unenumerated Rights)

The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.

Article [X] (Amendment 10 - Reserved Powers)

The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.

Attest,
John Beckley, Clerk of the House of Representatives.
Sam. A. Otis Secretary of the Senate.

Frederick Augustus Muhlenberg Speaker of the House of Representatives.
John Adams, Vice-President of the United States, and President of the Senate.

(end of the Bill of Rights)

[Article XI] (Amendment 11 - Suits Against States)

The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State. ^{ratified #11} ^affects 10

[Article XII] (Amendment 12 - Election of President)

The Electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate;—The President of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates and the votes shall then be counted;—The person having the greatest number of votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President.¹⁴ —The person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States. ^{ratified #12} ^affects 8

Article XIII (Amendment 13 - Slavery and Involuntary Servitude)

Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. ^affects 11

Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. ^{ratified #13}

Article XIV (Amendment 14 - Rights Guaranteed: Privileges and Immunities of Citizenship, Due Process, and Equal Protection)

1: All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.

2: Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice President of the United States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being twenty-oneyears of age,¹⁵ and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State. ^affects 2

3: No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disability.

4: The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave; but all such debts, obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void.

5: The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. ^{ratified #14}

Article XV (Amendment 15 - Rights of Citizens to Vote)

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. ^{ratified #15}

Article XVI (Amendment 16 - Income Tax)

The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionmentamong the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration. ^{ratified #16} ^affects 2

[Article XVII] (Amendment 17 - Popular Election of Senators)

1: The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for sixyears; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislatures. ^affects 3

2: When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in the Senate, the executive authority of such State shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies: Provided, That the legislature of any State may empower the executive thereof to make temporary appointments until the people fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct. ^affects 4

3: This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution. ^{ratified #17}

Article [XVIII] (Amendment 18 - Prohibition of Intoxicating Liquors)¹⁶

1: After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited.

2: The Congress and the several States shall have concurrent power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

3: This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of the several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress. ^{ratified #18}

Article [XIX] (Amendment 19 - Women's Suffrage Rights)

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. ^affects 15

Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. ^{ratified #19}

Article [XX] (Amendment 20 - Terms of President, Vice President, Members of Congress: Presidential Vacancy)

1: The terms of the President and Vice President shall end at noon on the 20th day of January, and the terms of Senators and Representatives at noon on the 3d day of January, of the years in which such terms would have ended if this article had not been ratified; and the terms of their successors shall then begin. ^affects 5

2: The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall begin at noon on the 3d day of January, unless they shall by law appoint a different day. ^affects 5

3: If, at the time fixed for the beginning of the term of the President, the President elect shall have died, the Vice President elect shall become President. If a President shall not have been chosen before the time fixed for the beginning of his term, or if the President elect shall have failed to qualify, then the Vice President elect shall act as President until a President shall have qualified; and the Congress may by law provide for the case wherein neither a President elect nor a Vice President elect shall have qualified, declaring who shall then act as President, or the manner in which one who is to act shall be selected, and such person shall act accordingly until a President or Vice President shall have qualified. ^affects 9 ^affects 14

4: The Congress may by law provide for the case of the death of any of the persons from whom the House of Representatives may choose a President whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them, and for the case of the death of any of the persons from whom the Senate may choose a Vice President whenever the right of choice shall have devolved upon them. ^affects 9

5: Sections 1 and 2 shall take effect on the 15th day of October following the ratification of this article.

6: This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years from the date of its submission. ^{ratified #20}

Article [XXI] (Amendment 21 - Repeal of Eighteenth Amendment)

1: The eighteenth article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States is hereby repealed. ^affects 16

2: The transportation or importation into any State, Territory, or possession of the United States for delivery or use therein of intoxicating liquors, in violation of the laws thereof, is hereby prohibited.

3: This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by conventions in the several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress. ^{ratified #21}

Amendment XXII (Amendment 22 - Presidential Tenure)

1: No person shall be elected to the office of the President more than twice, and no person who has held the office of President, or acted as President, for more than two years of a term to which some other person was elected President shall be elected to the office of the President more than once. But this article shall not apply to any person holding the office of President when this article was proposed by the Congress, and shall not prevent any person who may be holding the office of President, or acting as President, during the term within which this article becomes operative from holding the office of President or acting as President during the remainder of such term.

2: This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures ofthree-fourths of the several states within seven years from the date of its submission to the states by the Congress. ^{ratified #22}

Amendment XXIII (Amendment 23 - Presidential Electors for the District of Columbia)

1: The District constituting the seat of government of the United States shall appoint in such manner as the Congress may direct: A number of electors of President and Vice President equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives in Congress to which the District would be entitled if it were a state, but in no event more than the least populous state; they shall be in addition to those appointed by the states, but they shall be considered, for the purposes of the election of President and Vice President, to be electors appointed by a state; and they shall meet in the District and perform such duties as provided by the twelfth article of amendment.

2: The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. ^{ratified #23}

Amendment XXIV (Amendment 24 - Abolition of the Poll Tax Qualification in Federal Elections)

1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote in any primary or other election for President or Vice President, for electors for President or Vice President, or for Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax.

2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. ^{ratified #24}

Amendment XXV ^affects 9 (Amendment 25 - Presidential Vacancy, Disability, and Inability)

1: In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation, the Vice President shall become President.

2: Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, the President shall nominate a Vice President who shall take office upon confirmation by a majority vote of both Houses of Congress.

3: Whenever the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that he is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, and until he transmits to them a written declaration to the contrary, such powers and duties shall be discharged by the Vice President as Acting President.

4: Whenever the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive departments or of such other body as Congress may by law provide, transmit to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Vice President shall immediately assume the powers and duties of the office as Acting President.

Thereafter, when the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that no inability exists, he shall resume the powers and duties of his office unless the Vice President and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive department or of such other body as Congress may by law provide, transmit within four days to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office. Thereupon Congress shall decide the issue, assembling within forty-eight hours for that purpose if not in session. If the Congress, within twenty-one days after receipt of the latter written declaration, or, if Congress is not in session, within twenty-one days after Congress is required to assemble, determines by two-thirds vote of both Houses that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Vice President shall continue to discharge the same as Acting President; otherwise, the President shall resume the powers and duties of his office. ^{ratified #25}

Amendment XXVI (Amendment 26 - Reduction of Voting Age Qualification)

1: The right of citizens of the United States, who are 18 years of age or older, to vote, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state on account of age. ^affects 15

2: The Congress shall have the power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. ^{ratified #26}

Amendment XXVII (Amendment 27 - Congressional Pay Limitation)

No law varying the compensation for the services of the Senators and Representatives shall take effect until an election of Representatives shall have intervened. ^{ratified #27}

NOTES

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Note 1: This text of the Constitution follows the engrossed copy signed by Gen. Washington and the deputies from 12 States. The arabic numerals preceding the paragraphs designate Clauses, and were not printed (but are referred to) in the original and have no reference to footnotes that appear as small superior figures (superscripts). ^ratification

Note 2: The part of Article 1 Section 2 Clause 3 relating to the mode of apportionment of representatives among the several States has been affected by Amendment XIV Section 2, and as to taxes on incomes without apportionment by Amendment XVI.

Note 3: Article 1 Section 3 Clause 1 has been affected by Amendment XVII Section 1.

Note 4: Article 1 Section 3 Clause 2 has been affected by Amendment XVII Section 2.

Note 5: Article 1 Section 4 Clause 2 has been affected by Amendment XX.

Note 6: Article 1 Section 6 Clause 1 has been affected by Amendment XXVII.

Note 7: Article 1 Section 9 Clause 4 has been affected by Amendment XVI.

Note 8: Article 2 Section 1 Clause 3 has been superseded by Amendment XII.

Note 9: Article 2 Section 1 Clause 6 has been affected by Amendment XX and Amendment XXV.

Note 10: Article 3 Section 2 Clause 1 has been affected by Amendment XI.

Note 11: Article 4 Section 2 Clause 3 has been affected by Amendment XIII Section 1.

Note 12: The first ten amendments to the Constitution of the United States are known as the Bill of Rights

Note 13: The Bill of Rights only had ten of the twelve articles ratified and these were then renumbered. Of the others only the 13th, 14th, 15th, and 16th articles of amendment had numbers assigned to them at the time of ratification.

Note 14: This sentence of Amendment XII has been superseded by Amendment XX Section 3.

Note 15: Article XIV Section 2 is modified by Amendment XIX Section 1 and Amendment XXVI Section 1.

Note 16: Amendment XVIII repealed by Amendment XXI Section 1.

Dates

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May 25, 1787: The Constitutional Convention opens with a quorum of seven states in Philadelphia to discuss revising the Articles of Confederation. Eventually all states but Rhode Island are represented.
Sept. 17, 1787: All 12 state delegations approve the Constitution, 39 delegates sign it of the 42 present, and the Convention formally adjourns.
June 21, 1788: The Constitution becomes effective for the ratifying states when New Hampshire is the ninth state to ratify it.
Mar. 4, 1789: The first Congress under the Constitution convenes in New York City.
Apr. 30, 1789: George Washington is inaugurated as the first President of the United States.
June 8, 1789: James Madison introduces proposed Bill of Rights in the House of Representatives.
Sept. 24, 1789: Congress establishes a Supreme Court, 13 district courts, three ad hoc circuit courts, and the position of Attorney General.
Sept. 25, 1789: Congress approves 12 amendments and sends them to the states for ratification.
Feb. 2, 1790: Supreme Court convenes for the first time after an unsuccessful attempt February 1.
Dec. 15, 1791: Virginia ratifies the Bill of Rights, and 10 of the 12 proposed amendments become part of the U.S. Constitution.

Spellings

skip to Vocabulary up to Dates
Some words now have different spellings:

behaviour: - behavior
chuse: - choose
chusing: - choosing
controul: - control
defence: - defense
encreased: - increased
erazure: - erasure
labour: - labor
offences: - offenses

Punctuation, hyphenation and grammar usage have also changed.

Vocabulary

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Also check the Government Printing Office's Ben's Guide for Kids

3d: - 3rd (third)
abridged: - shortened
adjourn: - suspend proceedings to another time
adjournment: - suspending proceedings to another time
appellate: - appeal (review decision)
appropriation: - authorize spending
apportioned: - distributed
apportionment: - distributing
attainted: - disgrace
Bill of Attainder: - legislative act pronouncing guilt without trial
capitation: - poll tax
cession: - grant
comity: - courteous recognition of laws and institutions of another (state)
commenced: - started
concur: - agree
concurrant: - at the same time
concurrence: - agreement
concurring: - in agreement
construed: - interpreted
Corruption of Blood: - punishment of person and heirs
counsel: - lawyer
declaratory: - explaining law or right
democracy: - this word is not in these documents directly, but “We the people” and “Republican Form of Government” are - most people say our form of government is a “Federal Democratic Republic”
devolved: - passed on or delegated to another
disparage: - belittle
duties: - job
duties: - charge (like a tax)
duty: - job
duty: - charge (like a tax)
Duty of Tonnage: - charge by weight
emolument: - power and/or pay
emoluments: - power and/or pay
engrossed: - final draft
enumeration: - count or list
ex post facto: - (latin) after the fact
excises: - internal taxes
Habeas Corpus: - a writ in court for release of unlawful restraint - (latin) produce body [of evidence]
imminent: - about to occur - do not confuse with eminent or immanent
impeachment: - formal accusation of wrongdoing
impeachments: - formal accusations of wrongdoing
imposts: - taxes or duties, that are imposed
indictment: - formal charges
jurisdiction: - right to control
Letters of Marque: - (grant right of piracy) - document issued by a nation allowing a private citizen to seize citizens or goods of another nation
magazines: - ammunition storerooms
ordain: - order
prescribed: - establish a rule
privileged: - rights given a group
pro tempore: - temporary - (latin) for a time
posterity: - descendants
quartered: - housed
quartering: - housing
quorum: - minimum valid number of people
redress: - correct a wrong
repassed: - passed again
reprisal: - retaliation
republican: - representative and officers elected by citizens and responsible to them
suffrage: - vote; - voting
tranquility: - peace
treason: - betrayal of country
vessels: - ships
vested: - given the right
viz.: - abbreviation for (latin) videlicet - namely (and when read aloud spoken as namely) from: The Columbia Guide to Standard American English
welfare: - well-being
writ: - order
writs: - orders

How to read Roman numerals:

The upper case letter I represents the arabic 1.
The upper case letter V represents the arabic 5.
The upper case letter X represents the arabic 10.
The upper case letter L represents the arabic 50. (not used in this document)
The upper case letter C represents the arabic 100. (not used in this document)
The upper case letter D represents the arabic 500. (not used in this document)
The upper case letter M represents the arabic 1,000. (not used in this document)
A bar placed over a letter or group of letters multiplies that value by 1,000. (not used in this document)
If the letter to the right represents an equal or smaller value the numbers ADD. XXII is 22.
If the letter to the right is a larger value then the numbers SUBTRACT. IV is 4. Only I is used with V or X, X with L or C, and C with D or M.
There is no zero!
Both C and M often still appear in commerce mixed with arabic therefore if someone orders a quantity of 5M, they want 5,000 not 5 million.
A few more samples: XCV = 95, XIII = 13, XCIX = 99, XLIX = 49

If supported in the browser, hovering the cursor over the Roman number in this document will display the arabic equivalent for a short time.

Given (first) name abbreviations:

George: - G^o:; - Geo:; - Geo.
Jacob: - Jaco:
Daniel: - Dan; - Dan^l
William: - W^m; - W^m.; - Wil.
Richard: - Rich^d
John: - J.
Abraham: - Abr
Samuel: - Sam^l; - Sam.
Johnathan: - Jona:
Robert: - Rob^t
Thomas: - Tho^s
Gouverneur: - Gouv

Of course B Franklin is Benjamin Franklin, jun and Jr. are junior, and Presid^t. is President.

See the following sources:

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(Links open a new window - Not responsible for the content of any outside links)

US Government archives - includes images of the documents and biographies of the signers
Federalist Papers - these 85 essays may be the best source of what the framers of the constitution had in mind.
Ben's Guide for Kids Spanish & French versions and some history
Publications.USA.gov

Lesson Plans at the Library of Congress

How to use this version

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To Constitution or To Amendments, To Index (access key I) or Subject Index (access key S)

Why another web version?

Yes there are about 2,000 or so online versions. And about a 100 times that as partial versions. The better of some of the others are listed above in Sources.
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Some words are not in everyday vocabulary. The method is the same as for spelling.
Historic grammar, punctuation and hyphenation are retained.
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Index

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THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION
- (Preamble)
- Article I - The Legislative
  - Section 1 - Congress
  - Section 2 - The House of Representatives
    - Clause 1 - Congressional Districting
    - Clause 2 - Qualification of Members of Congress
    - Clause 3 - Apportionment of Seats in the House
    - Clause 4 - Vacancies
    - Clause 5 - Officers and Power of Impeachment
  - Section 3 - The Senate
    - Clause 1 - Composition and Selection
    - Clause 2 - Classes of Senators
    - Clause 3 - Qualifications
    - Clause 4 - The Vice President
    - Clause 5 - Officers
    - Clause 6 - Trial of Impeachment
    - Clause 7 - Judgments on Impeachment
  - Section 4 - Elections
    - Clause 1 - Congressional Power to Regulate
    - Clause 2 - Time of Assembling
  - Section 5 - Powers and Duties of the House
    - Clause 1 - Power to Judge Elections
    - Clause 2 - Rules of Proceedings
    - Clause 3 - Duty to Keep a Journal
    - Clause 4 - Adjournments
  - Section 6 - Rights and Disabilities of Members
    - Clause 1 - Compensation and Immunities
    - Clause 2 - Disabilities
  - Section 7 - Legislative Process
    - Clause 1 - Revenue Bills
    - Clause 2 - Approval by the President
    - Clause 3 - Presentation of Resolutions
  - Section 8 - Powers of Congress
    - Clause 1 - Power to Tax and Spend
    - Clause 2 - Borrowing Power
    - Clause 3- Commerce Power
    - Clause 4 - Naturalization and Bankruptcies
    - Clause 5 - Money
    - Clause 6 - Money
    - Clause 7 - Post Office
    - Clause 8 - Copyrights and Patent
    - Clause 9- Creating of Courts
    - Clause 10 - Maritime Crimes
    - Clause 11 - War; Military Establishment
    - Clause 12 - War; Military Establishment
    - Clause 13 - War; Military Establishment
    - Clause 14 - War; Military Establishment
    - Clause 15 - The Militia
    - Clause 16 - The Militia
    - Clause 17 - District of Columbia; Federal Property
    - Clause 18 - Necessary Clause
  - Section 9 - Powers Denied Congress
    - Clause 1 - Importation of Slaves
    - Clause 2 - Habeas Corpus Suspension
    - Clause 3 - Bill of Attainder and Ex Post Facto Laws
    - Clause 4 - Taxes
    - Clause 5 - Duties on Exports from States
    - Clause 6- Preference to Ports
    - Clause 7- Appropriations and Accounting of Public Money
    - Clause 8 - Titles of Nobility; Presents
  - Section 10 - Powers Denied to the States
    - Clause 1 - Not to Make Treaties, Coin Money, Pass Ex Post Facto Laws, Impair Contracts
    - Clause 2 - Not to Levy Duties on Exports and Imports
    - Clause 3 - Not to Lay Tonnage Duties, Keep Troops, Make Compacts, or Engage in War
- Article II - Executive
  - Section 1 - The President
    - Clause 1 - Powers and Term of the President
    - Clause 2 - Election
    - Clause 3 - Election
    - Clause 4 - Election
    - Clause 5 - Qualifications
    - Clause 6 - Presidential Succession
    - Clause 7 - Compensation and Emolument
    - Clause 8 - Oath of Office
  - Section 2 - Powers and Duties of the President
    - Clause 1 - Commander-in-Chiefship; Presidential Advisers;
    - Clause 2 - Treaties and Appointment of Officers
    - Clause 3 - Vacancies during Recess of Senate
  - Section 3 - Legislative, Diplomatic, and Law Enforcement
  - Section 4 - Impeachment
- Article III - Judicial
  - Section 1 - Judicial Power, Courts, Judges
  - Section 2 - Judicial Power and Jurisdiction
    - Clause 1 - Cases and Controversies; Grants of Jurisdiction
    - Clause 2 - Original and Appellate Jurisdiction; Exceptions and Regulations of Appellate Jurisdiction
    - Clause 3 - Trial by Jury
  - Section 3 - Treason
    - Clause 1 - Definition and Limitations
    - Clause 2 - Punishment
- Article IV - States' Relations
  - Section 1 - Full Faith and Credit
  - Section 2 - Interstate Comity
    - Clause 1 - State Citizenship: Privileges and Immunities
    - Clause 2 - Interstate Rendition
    - Clause 3 - Fugitives from Labor
  - Section 3 - Admission of New States to Union; Property of United State
    - Clause 1 - Admission of New States to Union
    - Clause 2 - Property of the United States
  - Section 4 - Obligations of United States to States
- Article V - Mode of Amendment
- Article VI - Prior Debts, National Supremacy, Oaths of Office
  - Clause 1 - Validity of Prior Debts and Engagements
  - Clause 2 - Supremacy of the Constitution, Laws and Treaties
  - Clause 3 - Oath of Office
- Article VII - Ratification
- Letter of Transmittal
- Letter of Transmittal to the President of Congress
Amendments to the Constitution
- (The Preamble to The Bill of Rights)
- (Articles I through X are known as the Bill of Rights)
  - Article [I] - Freedom of expression and religion
  - Article [II] - Bearing Arms
  - Article [III] - Quartering Soldiers
  - Article [IV] - Search and Seizure
  - Article [V] - Rights of Persons
  - Article [VI] - Rights of Accused in Criminal Prosecutions
  - Article [VII] - Civil Trials
  - Article [VIII] - Further Guarantees in Criminal Cases
  - Article [IX] - Unenumerated Rights
  - Article [X] - Reserved Powers
- [Article XI] - Suits Against States
- [Article XII] - Election of President
- Article XIII - Slavery and Involuntary Servitude
  - Section 1 - Slavery and Involuntary Servitude
  - Section 2 - Enforcement
- Article XIV - Rights Guaranteed: Privileges and Immunities of Citizenship, Due Process, and Equal Protection
  - Section 1 - Rights Guaranteed
  - Section 2 - Apportionment of Representation
  - Section 3 - Disqualification and Public Debt
  - Section 4 - Disqualification and Public Debt
  - Section 5 - Enforcement
- Article XV - Rights of Citizens to Vote
- Article XVI - Income Tax
- [Article XVII] - Popular Election of Senators
- Article [XVIII] - Prohibition of Intoxicating Liquor
  - Section 1 - Prohibition of Intoxicating Liquors
  - Section 2 - Congress and the several States shall have concurrent power
  - Section 3 - Ratification
- Article [XIX] - Women's Suffrage Rights
  - Section 1 - Women's Suffrage Rights
  - Section 2 - Enforcement
- Article [XX] - Terms of President, Vice President, Members of Congress: Presidential Vacancy
  - Section 1 - Terms of President, Vice President, Senators, and Representatives
  - Section 2 - Time of assembling Congress
  - Section 3 - Filling vacancy in office of President
  - Section 4 - Power of Congress in Presidential succession
  - Section 5 - Time of taking effect
  - Section 6 - Ratification
- Article [XXI] - Repeal of Eighteenth Amendment
  - Section 1 - Repeal of Eighteenth Amendment
  - Section 2 - Transportation of intoxicating liquors
  - Section 3 - Ratification
- Amendment XXII - Presidential Tenure
  - Section 1 - Presidential Tenure
  - Section 2 - Enforcement
- Amendment XXIII - Presidential Electors for the District of Columbia
  - Section 1 - Presidential Electors for the District of Columbia
  - Section 2 - Enforcement
- Amendment XXIV - Abolition of the Poll Tax Qualification in Federal Elections
- Amendment XXV - Presidential Vacancy, Disability, and Inability
- Amendment XXVI - Reduction of Voting Age Qualification
  - Section 1 - Reduction of Voting Age Qualification
  - Section 2 - Enforcement
- Amendment XXVII - Congressional Pay Limitation
NOTES
- Note 1: Original source of the Constitution text.
- Note 2: Article 1 Section 2 Clause 3 modified by Amendment XIV, and Amendment XVI.
- Note 3: Article 1 Section 3 Clause 1 has been affected by Amendment XVII.
- Note 4: Article 1 Section 3 Clause 2 modified by Amendment XVII.
- Note 5: Article 1 Section 4 Clause 2 modified by Amendment XX.
- Note 6: Article 1 Section 6 Clause 1 modified by Amendment XXVII.
- Note 7: Article 1 Section 9 Clause 4 modified by Amendment XVI.
- Note 8: Article 2 Section 1 Clause 3 superseded by amendment XII.
- Note 9: Article 2 Section 1 Clause 6 modified by amendment XX and amendment XXV.
- Note 10: Article 3 Section 2 Clause 1 modified by amendment XI.
- Note 11: Article 4 Section 2 Clause 3 modified by amendment XIII.
- Note 12: The Bill of Rights
- Note 13: Only the 13th, 14th, 15th, and 16th numbered at ratification.
- Note 14: Part of Amendment XII superseded by Amendment XX.
- Note 15: Article XIV is modified by Amendment XIX and Amendment XXVI.
- Note 16: Amendment XVIII repealed by Amendment XXI.
Dates - Milestone dates for the constitution, bill of rights and the start of the U.S. government.
Spellings
Vocabulary
Sources
How to use this version
Accessibility
Index
Subject Index
Sample code to link from your own web site or email
Ratifications
- Jun 21, 1788 Constitution
- Dec 15, 1791 (Articles I through X are known as the Bill of Rights)
  - Article [I] - Freedom of expression and religion
  - Article [II] - Bearing Arms
  - Article [III] - Quartering Soldiers
  - Article [IV] - Search and Seizure
  - Article [V] - Rights of Persons
  - Article [VI] - Rights of Accused in Criminal Prosecutions
  - Article [VII] - Civil Trials
  - Article [VIII] - Further Guarantees in Criminal Cases
  - Article [IX] - Unenumerated Rights
  - Article [X] - Reserved Powers
- Feb 7, 1795 [Article XI] - Suits Against States
- Jun 15, 1804 [Article XII] - Election of President
- Dec 6, 1865 Article XIII - Slavery and Involuntary Servitude
- Jul 9, 1868 Article XIV - Rights Guaranteed: Privileges and Immunities of Citizenship, Due Process, and Equal Protection
- Feb 3, 1870 Article XV - Rights of Citizens to Vote
- Feb 3, 1913 Article XVI - Income Tax
- Apr 8, 1913 [Article XVII] - Popular Election of Senators
- Jan 16, 1919 Article [XVIII] - Prohibition of Intoxicating Liquors
- Aug 18, 1920 Article [XIX] - Women's Suffrage Rights
- Jan 23, 1933 Article [XX] - Terms of President, Vice President, Members of Congress: Presidential Vacancy
- Mar 21, 1947 Article [XXI] - Repeal of Eighteenth Amendment
- Feb 27, 1951 Amendment XXII - Presidential Tenure
- Mar 29, 1961 Amendment XXIII - Presidential Electors for the District of Columbia
- Jan 24, 1964 Amendment XXIV - Abolition of the Poll Tax Qualification in Federal Elections
- Feb 10, 1967 Amendment XXV - Presidential Vacancy, Disability, and Inability
- Jul 1, 1971 Amendment XXVI - Reduction of Voting Age Qualification
- May 7, 1992 Amendment XXVII - Congressional Pay Limitation
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Subject Index

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Select first letter of subject: A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Admiralty and; maritime cases - Article III Section 2
Advice and consent - Article II Section 2 Clause 2
Age, as qualification for public office
- President - Article II Section 1 Clause 5
- Representatives - Article I Section 2 Clause 2
- Senators - Article I Section 3 Clause 3
Age, voting - Amendment XXVI
Ambassadors
- Case controversies - Article III Section 2 Clause 1
- President's power - Article II Section 2 Clause 2; Article II Section 3
Amendment procedure - Article V
Appellate jurisdiction - Article III Section 2 Clause 2
Appointment power - Article II Section 2 Clause 2
Appointments, temporary - Amendment XVII Section 2
Apportionment of representatives - Article I Section 2 Clause 3; Amendment XIV Section 2
Appropriations(s) - Article I Section 8
Arms, right to bear - Amendment II
Army - Article II Section 2 Clause 1
Assembly, right of - Amendment l
Authors - Article I Section 8 Clause 8

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Bail, excessive - Amendment 8
Bankruptcy, Congress, power - Article I Section 8 Clause 4
Bill of Rights (Amendments 1-10) - Amendments I-X
Bills - Article I Section 7
Bills of attainder - Article I Section 9 Clause 3; Article I Section 10 Clause 1
Borrowing, Congress, power - Article I Section 8 Clause 2

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Cabinet officers, reports - Article II Section 2 Clause 1
Census - Article I Section 2 Clause 3
Chief Justice, role in impeachment trials - Article I Section 3 Clause 6
Commander in Chief - Article II Section 2 Clause 1
Commerce, Congress, power - Article I Section 8 Clause 3
Commission of officers - Article II Section 3 Clause 5
Compact - Article I Section 10 Clause 3
Congress
- annual meetings - Article I Section 4 Clause 2;
- declaring war - Article I Section 8 Clauses 11-14
- legislative proceedings - Article I Section 5 Clause 2
- members, compensation and privileges - Article I Section 6 Clause 1;
- organization - Article I Section 1
- powers - Article I Section 8; Amendment XII
- special sessions - Article II Section 3
Congressional Record (Journal) - Article I Section 5 Clause 3
Constitution, purpose - Preamble
Contracts, interference by states - Article I Section 10 Clause 3
Controversies, court cases - Article III Section 2 Clause 1
Conventions - Article V;VII; Amendment 21 Section 3
Copyrights & patents, Congress' power - Article I Section 8 Clause 8
Counsel, right to - Amendment 6
Counterfeiting, Congress' power to punish - Article I Section 8 Clause 6
Courts - (see Judiciary)
Criminal proceedings, rights of accused - Amendment 5; Amendment 6
Currency, Congress' power - Article I Section 8 Clause 5

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Defense, Congress' power - Article I Section 8
District of Columbia - Article I Section 8 Clause 17; Amendment XXIII Section 1
Double jeopardy - Amendment V
Due process of law - Amendment V; Amendment XIV Section 1

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Electoral College - Article II Section 1 Clause 4; Amendment XII; Amendment XXIII Section 1
Equal protection of laws - Amendment 14 Section 1
Equity - Article III Section 2 Clause 1; Amendment 11
Ex post facto laws - Article I Section 9 Clause 3; Article I Section 10 Clause 1
Extradition of fugitives by states - Article IV Section 2 Clause 2

to top of Subject Index

Fines, excessive - Amendment VIII
Foreign affairs, President's power - Article II Section 2 Clause 2
Foreign commerce, Congress' power - Article I Section 8 Clause 1
Full faith and credit" clause - Article IV Section 1

to top of Subject Index

General welfare, Congress' power - Article I Section 8 Clause 1
Grand jury indictments - Amendment V
Grievances, redress of - Amendment I

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Habeas corpus - Article I Section 9 Clause 2
House of Representatives
- election to & eligibility for - Article I Section 2 Clause 2
- members' terms of office - Article I Section 2 Clause 1; Article I Section 6 Clause 2
- Speaker of - Article I Section 2 Clause 5; Amendment 24; Amendment 25
- special powers
  - impeachment - Article I Section 2 Clause 5
  - Presidential elections - Article II Section 1 Clause 3; Amendment 12
  - revenue bills - Article I Section 7 Clause 1
  - states' representation in - Article I Section 2 Clause 1; Article I Section 2 Clause 3
- vacancies - Article I Section 2 Clause 4

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Immunities (see Privileges and immunities)
Impeachment
- officials subject to - Article II Section 4
- penalties - Article I Section 3 Clause 7
- power of, lodged in House - Article I Section 2 Clause 5
- reasons - Article II Section 4
- trials, Senate - Article I Section 3 Clause 6
Indians, commerce with, Congress' power - Article I Section 8 Clause 3
Inhabitant (see Resident) - Article I Section 2 Clause 2; Article I Section 3 Clause 3
International law, Congress' power - Article I Section 8 Clause 3
Inventors - Article I Section 8 Clause 8

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Judiciary
- inferior courts - Article I Section 8 Clause 9; Article III Section 1
- judicial review - Article III Section 2 Clause 2
- jurisdiction - Article III Section 2 Section 2
- nomination & confirmation of judges - Article II Section 2 Clause 2
- Supreme Court - Article III Section 1
- terms of office & compensation - Article III Section 1
Jury trials - Article III Section 2 Clause 3; Amendment VI; Amendment VII

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“Lame duck” amendment - Amendment XX
Liquor - Amendment XVIII; Amendment XXI

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Marque and reprisal, letters of - Article I Section 8 Clause 11
Men (see Persons)
Militia (Military) - Amendment II; Amendment V
- congressional powers - Article I Section 8 Clause 15
- presidential powers - Article II Section 2 Clause 1
Money - Article I Section 8 Clause 5-6

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National debt - Article VI Clause 1
Native Americans (see Indians)
Naturalization - Article I Section 8 Clause 4
Navy - Article I Section 8 Clause 13-14; Article II Section 2 Clause 1
“Necessary and proper” clause - Article I Section 8 Clause 18
Nominate - Article II Section 2 Clause 2; Amendment XXV

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Oath of office, federal and state - Article II Section 1 Clause 8; Article VI
Original jurisdiction - Article III Section 2 Clause 2

to top of Subject Index

(subject index still being added)
Pardons and reprieves, President's power - Article II Section 2 Clause 1
People, powers reserved to - Amendment X
Persons - Amendment XIV
Petition the government, right to - Amendment I
“Pocket veto” - Article I Section 7 Clause 2
Poll tax, prohibition - Amendment XXIV
Post offices & roads, Congress' power - Article I Section 8 Clause 7
Presidency, succession to - Article II Section 1; Amendment 20; Amendment 25
President
- disability - A25,3
- election - Article II Section 1; Amendment 12; Amendment 22; Amendment 23
- eligibility for office - Article II Section 1
- legislation, role in - Article I Section 7
- oath of office - Article II Section 1
- powers & duties - Article IV Section 2
- term of office & compensation - Article II Section 1
Press, freedom of - A1
Privileges and immunities (of citizens) - Article IV Section 2; Amendment 14 Section 1
Prohibition - Amendment 18; Amendment 21
Property, taking for public use - Amendment 5
Punishments, cruel and unusual - Amendment 8

to top of Subject Index

Ratification of Constitution - Article V
Religion, freedom of - Amendment I
Religious oaths - Article VI
Resident (see Inhabitant) - Article II Section 1 Clause 5

to top of Subject Index

Search and seizure - Amendment 4
Seas, Congress' power - Article I Section 8
Secrecy - Article I Section 5
Self-incrimination - Amendment 5
Senate
- election to & eligibility for - Article I Section 3
- equal representation of states - V
- officers - Article I Section 3
- President of - Article I Section 3;Amendment 12
- President of, pro tempore - Article I Section 3;Amendment 25
- special powers
  - impeachment trials - Article I Section 3
  - Presidential appointments - Article II Section 2
  - treaties - Article II Section 2
- terms of office - Article I Section 3; Article I Section 6
- vacancies - Amendment 17
Slavery, prohibition - Amendment 13; A14,4
Soldiers, quartering of - Amendment 3
Speech, freedom of - A1
Spending, Congress' power - Article I Section 8
State of Union message - Article II Section 3
States
and federal elections - Article I Section 4
formation & admission to Union - Article IV Section 3
powers requiring consent of Congress - Article I Section 10
powers reserved to - Amendment 10
protection against invasion, violence - Article IV Section 4
republican form of government guaranteed - Article IV Section 4
suits against - Article III Section 2; Amendment 11
Sundays - Article I Section 7
Supreme law of the land (Constitution) - VI

to top of Subject Index

Taxing power
- in general - Article I Section 7 Clause 1; Article I Section 8 Clause 1
- direct taxes prohibited - Article I Section 9 Clause 4
- income taxes permitted - Amendment XVI
Territories - Article IV Section 3 Clause 2
Titles of nobility - Article I Section 9 Clause 8
Treason - Article III Section 3
Treaty(ies) - Article I Section 10 Clause 1; Article II Section 2 Clause 2; Article III Section 2 Clause 1; Article VI Clause 2
Trial - Article I Section 3 Clause 6-7; Article III Section 2 Clause 3; Amendment VI; Amendment VII

to top of Subject Index

Veto, President's power - Article I Section 7 Clause 2
Vice-President
- conditions for assuming Presidency - Article II Section 1 Clause 6; Amendment XX Section 3; Amendment XXV
- declaring President disabled, role in - Amendment XX Section 4; Amendment XXV
- succession to - Amendment XX Section 4; Amendment XXV
- Senate, role in - Article I Section 3 Clause 4; Amendment XII
- term of office - Article II Section 1 Clause 1
Voting rights - Amendment XIV; Amendment XXIV
- blacks, former slaves - Amendment XV
- eighteen-years-old - Amendment XXVI Section 1
- women - Amendment XIX Section 1

to top of Subject Index

War powers (see Congress, declaring war, powers; President, powers & duties; States, protection against invasion)
Warrants - Amendment IV
Weights and measures, standards of - Article I Section 8 Clause 5
Women - (see Persons)

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Ratifications

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The Constitution

The Constitution was adopted by a convention of the States on September 17, 1787, and was subsequently ratified by the several States, on the following dates: Delaware, December 7, 1787; Pennsylvania, December 12, 1787; New Jersey, December 18, 1787; Georgia, January 2, 1788; Connecticut, January 9, 1788; Massachusetts, February 6, 1788; Maryland, April 28, 1788; South Carolina, May 23, 1788; New Hampshire, June 21, 1788.

Ratification was completed on June 21, 1788.

The Constitution was subsequently ratified by Virginia, June 25, 1788; New York, July 26, 1788; North Carolina, November 21, 1789; Rhode Island, May 29, 1790; and Vermont, January 10, 1791.

In May 1785, a committee of Congress made a report recommending an alteration in the Articles of Confederation, but no action was taken on it, and it was left to the State Legislatures to proceed in the matter. In January 1786, the Legislature of Virginia passed a resolution providing for the appointment of five commissioners, who, or any three of them, should meet such commissioners as might be appointed in the other States of the Union, at a time and place to be agreed upon, to take into consideration the trade of the United States; to consider how far a uniform system in their commercial regulations may be necessary to their common interest and their permanent harmony; and to report to the several States such an act, relative to this great object, as, when ratified by them, will enable the United States in Congress effectually to provide for the same. The Virginia commissioners, after some correspondence, fixed the first Monday in September as the time, and the city of Annapolis as the place for the meeting, but only four other States were represented, viz: Delaware, New York, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania; the commissioners appointed by Massachusetts, New Hampshire, North Carolina, and Rhode Island failed to attend. Under the circumstances of so partial a representation, the commissioners present agreed upon a report, (drawn by Mr. Hamilton, of New York,) expressing their unanimous conviction that it might essentially tend to advance the interests of the Union if the States by which they were respectively delegated would concur, and use their endeavors to procure the concurrenceof the other States, in the appointment of commissioners to meet at Philadelphia on the Second Monday of May following, to take into consideration the situation of the United States; to devise such further provisions as should appear to them necessary to render the Constitution of the Federal Government adequate to the exigencies of the Union; and to report such an act for that purpose to the United States in Congress assembled as, when agreed to by them and afterwards confirmed by the Legislatures of every State, would effectually provide for the same.

Congress, on the 21st of February, 1787, adopted a resolution in favor of a convention, and the Legislatures of those States which had not already done so (with the exception of Rhode Island) promptly appointed delegates. On the 25th of May, sevenStates having convened, George Washington, of Virginia, was unanimously elected President, and the consideration of the proposed constitution was commenced. On the 17th of September, 1787, the Constitution as engrossed and agreed upon was signed by all the members present, except Mr. Gerry of Massachusetts, and Messrs. Mason and Randolph, of Virginia. The president of the convention transmitted it to Congress, with a resolution stating how the proposed Federal Government should be put in operation, and an explanatory letter. Congress, on the 28th of September, 1787, directed the Constitution so framed, with the resolutions and letter concerning the same, to “be transmitted to the several Legislatures in order to be submitted to a convention of delegates chosen in each State by the people thereof, in conformity to the resolves of the convention.”

On the 4th of March, 1789, the day which had been fixed for commencing the operations of Government under the new Constitution, it had been ratified by the conventions chosen in each State to consider it, as follows: Delaware, December 7, 1787; Pennsylvania, December 12, 1787; New Jersey, December 18, 1787; Georgia, January 2, 1788; Connecticut, January 9, 1788; Massachusetts, February 6, 1788; Maryland, April 28, 1788; South Carolina, May 23, 1788; New Hampshire, June 21, 1788; Virginia, June 25, 1788; and New York, July 26, 1788.

The President informed Congress, on the 28th of January, 1790, that North Carolina had ratified the Constitution November 21, 1789; and he informed Congress on the 1st of June, 1790, that Rhode Island had ratified the Constitution May 29, 1790. Vermont, in convention, ratified the Constitution January 10, 1791, and was, by an act of Congress approved February 18, 1791, “received and admitted into this Union as a new and entire member of the United States”. ^Constitution

[Article I] through [Article X] (The Bill of Rights)

The first ten amendments to the Constitution of the United States (and two others, one of which failed of ratification and the other which later became the 27th amendment) were proposed to the legislatures of the several States by the First Congress on September 25, 1789. The first ten amendments were ratified by the following States, and the notifications of ratification by the Governors thereof were successively communicated by the President to Congress: New Jersey, November 20, 1789; Maryland, December 19, 1789; North Carolina, December 22, 1789; South Carolina, January 19, 1790; New Hampshire, January 25, 1790; Delaware, January 28, 1790; New York, February 24, 1790; Pennsylvania, March 10, 1790; Rhode Island, June 7, 1790; Vermont, November 3, 1791; and Virginia, December 15, 1791.

Ratification was completed on December 15, 1791.

The amendments were subsequently ratified by the legislatures of Massachusetts, March 2, 1939; Georgia, March 18, 1939; and Connecticut, April 19, 1939. ^{Bill of Rights}

[Article XI]

The eleventh amendment to the Constitution of the United States was proposed to the legislatures of the several States by theThird Congress, on the 4th of March 1794; and was declared in a message from the President to Congress, dated the 8th of January, 1798, to have been ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the States. The dates of ratification were: NewYork, March 27, 1794; Rhode Island, March 31, 1794; Connecticut, May 8, 1794; New Hampshire, June 16, 1794; Massachusetts, June 26, 1794; Vermont, between October 9, 1794 and November 9, 1794; Virginia, November 18, 1794; Georgia, November 29, 1794; Kentucky, December 7, 1794; Maryland, December 26, 1794; Delaware, January 23, 1795; North Carolina, February 7, 1795.

Ratification was completed on February 7, 1795.

The amendment was subsequently ratified by South Carolina on December 4, 1797. New Jersey and Pennsylvania did not take action on the amendment. ^{amendment 11}

[Article XII]

The twelfth amendment to the Constitution of the United States was proposed to the legislatures of the several States by theEighth Congress, on the 9th of December, 1803, in lieu of the original third paragraph of the first section of the second article; and was declared in a proclamation of the Secretary of State, dated the 25th of September, 1804, to have been ratified by the legislatures of 13 of the 17 States. The dates of ratification were: North Carolina, December 21, 1803; Maryland, December 24, 1803; Kentucky, December 27, 1803; Ohio, December 30, 1803; Pennsylvania, January 5, 1804; Vermont, January 30, 1804; Virginia, February 3, 1804; New York, February 10, 1804; New Jersey, February 22, 1804; Rhode Island, March 12, 1804; South Carolina, May 15, 1804; Georgia, May 19, 1804; New Hampshire, June 15, 1804.

Ratification was completed on June 15, 1804.

The amendment was subsequently ratified by Tennessee, July 27, 1804.

The amendment was rejected by Delaware, January 18, 1804; Massachusetts, February 3, 1804; Connecticut, at its session begun May 10, 1804. ^{amendment 12}

Article XIII

The thirteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States was proposed to the legislatures of the several States by theThirty-eighth Congress, on the 31st day of January, 1865, and was declared, in a proclamation of the Secretary of State, dated the 18th of December, 1865, to have been ratified by the legislatures of twenty-seven of the thirty-six States. The dates of ratification were: Illinois, February 1, 1865; Rhode Island, February 2, 1865; Michigan, February 2, 1865; Maryland, February 3, 1865; New York, February 3, 1865; Pennsylvania, February 3, 1865; West Virginia, February 3, 1865; Missouri, February 6, 1865; Maine, February 7, 1865; Kansas, February 7, 1865; Massachusetts, February 7, 1865; Virginia, February 9, 1865; Ohio, February 10, 1865; Indiana, February 13, 1865; Nevada, February 16, 1865; Louisiana, February 17, 1865; Minnesota, February 23, 1865; Wisconsin, February 24, 1865; Vermont, March 9, 1865; Tennessee, April 7, 1865; Arkansas, April 14, 1865; Connecticut, May 4, 1865; New Hampshire, July 1, 1865; South Carolina, November 13, 1865; Alabama, December 2, 1865; North Carolina, December 4, 1865; Georgia, December 6, 1865.

Ratification was completed on December 6, 1865.

The amendment was subsequently ratified by Oregon, December 8, 1865; California, December 19, 1865; Florida, December 28, 1865 (Florida again ratified on June 9, 1868, upon its adoption of a new constitution); Iowa, January 15, 1866; New Jersey, January 23, 1866 (after having rejected the amendment on March 16, 1865); Texas, February 18, 1870; Delaware, February 12, 1901 (after having rejected the amendment on February 8, 1865); Kentucky, March 18, 1976 (after having rejected it on February 24, 1865).

The amendment was rejected (and not subsequently ratified) by Mississippi, December 4, 1865. ^{amendment 13}

Article XIV

The fourteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States was proposed to the legislatures of the several States by theThirty-ninth Congress, on the 13th of June, 1866. It was declared, in a certificate of the Secretary of State dated July 28, 1868 to have been ratified by the legislatures of 28 of the 37 States. The dates of ratification were: Connecticut, June 25, 1866; New Hampshire, July 6, 1866; Tennessee, July 19, 1866; New Jersey, September 11, 1866 (subsequently the legislature rescinded its ratification, and on March 24, 1868, readopted its resolution of rescission over the Governor's veto, and on Nov. 12, 1980, expressed support for the amendment); Oregon, September 19, 1866 (and rescinded its ratification on October 15, 1868); Vermont, October 30, 1866; Ohio, January 4, 1867 (and rescinded its ratification on January 15, 1868); New York, January 10, 1867; Kansas, January 11, 1867; Illinois, January 15, 1867; West Virginia, January 16, 1867; Michigan, January 16, 1867; Minnesota, January 16, 1867; Maine, January 19, 1867; Nevada, January 22, 1867; Indiana, January 23, 1867; Missouri, January 25, 1867; Rhode Island, February 7, 1867; Wisconsin, February 7, 1867; Pennsylvania, February 12, 1867; Massachusetts, March 20, 1867; Nebraska, June 15, 1867; Iowa, March 16, 1868; Arkansas, April 6, 1868; Florida, June 9, 1868; North Carolina, July 4, 1868 (after having rejected it on December 14, 1866); Louisiana, July 9, 1868 (after having rejected it on February 6, 1867); South Carolina, July 9, 1868 (after having rejected it on December 20, 1866).

Ratification was completed on July 9, 1868.

The amendment was subsequently ratified by Alabama, July 13, 1868; Georgia, July 21, 1868 (after having rejected it on November 9, 1866); Virginia, October 8, 1869 (after having rejected it on January 9, 1867); Mississippi, January 17, 1870; Texas, February 18, 1870 (after having rejected it on October 27, 1866); Delaware, February 12, 1901 (after having rejected it on February 8, 1867); Maryland, April 4, 1959 (after having rejected it on March 23, 1867); California, May 6, 1959; Kentucky, March 18, 1976 (after having rejected it on January 8, 1867). ^{amendment 14}

Article XV

The fifteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States was proposed to the legislatures of the several States by theFortieth Congress, on the 26th of February, 1869, and was declared, in a proclamation of the Secretary of State, dated March 30, 1870, to have been ratified by the legislatures of twenty-nine of the thirty-seven States. The dates of ratification were: Nevada, March 1, 1869; West Virginia, March 3, 1869; Illinois, March 5, 1869; Louisiana, March 5, 1869; North Carolina, March 5, 1869; Michigan, March 8, 1869; Wisconsin, March 9, 1869; Maine, March 11, 1869; Massachusetts, March 12, 1869; Arkansas, March 15, 1869; South Carolina, March 15, 1869; Pennsylvania, March 25, 1869; New York, April 14, 1869 (and the legislature of the same State passed a resolution January 5, 1870, to withdraw its consent to it, which action it rescinded on March 30, 1970); Indiana, May 14, 1869; Connecticut, May 19, 1869; Florida, June 14, 1869; New Hampshire, July 1, 1869; Virginia, October 8, 1869; Vermont, October 20, 1869; Missouri, January 7, 1870; Minnesota, January 13, 1870; Mississippi, January 17, 1870; Rhode Island, January 18, 1870; Kansas, January 19, 1870; Ohio, January 27, 1870 (after having rejected it on April 30, 1869); Georgia, February 2, 1870; Iowa, February 3, 1870.

Ratification was completed on February 3, 1870, unless the withdrawal of ratification by New York was effective; in which event ratification was completed on February 17, 1870, when Nebraska ratified.

The amendment was subsequently ratified by Texas, February 18, 1870; New Jersey, February 15, 1871 (after having rejected it on February 7, 1870); Delaware, February 12, 1901 (after having rejected it on March 18, 1869); Oregon, February 24, 1959; California, April 3, 1962 (after having rejected it on January 28, 1870); Kentucky, March 18, 1976 (after having rejected it on March 12, 1869).

The amendment was approved by the Governor of Maryland, May 7, 1973; Maryland having previously rejected it on February 26, 1870.

The amendment was rejected (and not subsequently ratified) by Tennessee, November 16, 1869. ^{amendment 15}

Article XVI

The sixteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States was proposed to the legislatures of the several States by theSixty-first Congress on the 12th of July, 1909, and was declared, in a proclamation of the Secretary of State, dated the 25th of February, 1913, to have been ratified by 36 of the 48 States. The dates of ratification were: Alabama, August 10, 1909; Kentucky, February 8, 1910; South Carolina, February 19, 1910; Illinois, March 1, 1910; Mississippi, March 7, 1910; Oklahoma, March 10, 1910; Maryland, April 8, 1910; Georgia, August 3, 1910; Texas, August 16, 1910; Ohio, January 19, 1911; Idaho, January 20, 1911; Oregon, January 23, 1911; Washington, January 26, 1911; Montana, January 30, 1911; Indiana, January 30, 1911; California, January 31, 1911; Nevada, January 31, 1911; South Dakota, February 3, 1911; Nebraska, February 9, 1911; North Carolina, February 11, 1911; Colorado, February 15, 1911; North Dakota, February 17, 1911; Kansas, February 18, 1911; Michigan, February 23, 1911; Iowa, February 24, 1911; Missouri, March 16, 1911; Maine, March 31, 1911; Tennessee, April 7, 1911; Arkansas, April 22, 1911 (after having rejected it earlier); Wisconsin, May 26, 1911; New York, July 12, 1911; Arizona, April 6, 1912; Minnesota, June 11, 1912; Louisiana, June 28, 1912; West Virginia, January 31, 1913; New Mexico, February 3, 1913.

Ratification was completed on February 3, 1913.

The amendment was subsequently ratified by Massachusetts, March 4, 1913; New Hampshire, March 7, 1913 (after having rejected it on March 2, 1911).

The amendment was rejected (and not subsequently ratified) by Connecticut, Rhode Island, and Utah. ^{amendment 16}

[Article XVII]

The seventeenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States was proposed to the legislatures of the several States by the Sixty-second Congress on the 13th of May, 1912, and was declared, in a proclamation of the Secretary of State, dated the 31st of May, 1913, to have been ratified by the legislatures of 36 of the 48 States. The dates of ratification were: Massachusetts, May 22, 1912; Arizona, June 3, 1912; Minnesota, June 10, 1912; New York, January 15, 1913; Kansas, January 17, 1913; Oregon, January 23, 1913; North Carolina, January 25, 1913; California, January 28, 1913; Michigan, January 28, 1913; Iowa, January 30, 1913; Montana, January 30, 1913; Idaho, January 31, 1913; West Virginia, February 4, 1913; Colorado, February 5, 1913; Nevada, February 6, 1913; Texas, February 7, 1913; Washington, February 7, 1913; Wyoming, February 8, 1913; Arkansas, February 11, 1913; Maine, February 11, 1913; Illinois, February 13, 1913; North Dakota, February 14, 1913; Wisconsin, February 18, 1913; Indiana, February 19, 1913; New Hampshire, February 19, 1913; Vermont, February 19, 1913; South Dakota, February 19, 1913; Oklahoma, February 24, 1913; Ohio, February 25, 1913; Missouri, March 7, 1913; New Mexico, March 13, 1913; Nebraska, March 14, 1913; New Jersey, March 17, 1913; Tennessee, April 1, 1913; Pennsylvania, April 2, 1913; Connecticut, April 8, 1913.

Ratification was completed on April 8, 1913.

The amendment was subsequently ratified by Louisiana, June 11, 1914.

The amendment was rejected by Utah (and not subsequently ratified) on February 26, 1913. ^{amendment 17}

Article [XVIII]¹⁶

The eighteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States was proposed to the legislatures of the several States by theSixty-fifth Congress, on the 18th of December, 1917, and was declared, in a proclamation of the Secretary of State, dated the 29th of January, 1919, to have been ratified by the legislatures of 36 of the 48 States. The dates of ratification were: Mississippi, January 8, 1918; Virginia, January 11, 1918; Kentucky, January 14, 1918; North Dakota, January 25, 1918; South Carolina, January 29, 1918; Maryland, February 13, 1918; Montana, February 19, 1918; Texas, March 4, 1918; Delaware, March 18, 1918; South Dakota, March 20, 1918; Massachusetts, April 2, 1918; Arizona, May 24, 1918; Georgia, June 26, 1918; Louisiana, August 3, 1918; Florida, December 3, 1918; Michigan, January 2, 1919; Ohio, January 7, 1919; Oklahoma, January 7, 1919; Idaho, January 8, 1919; Maine, January 8, 1919; West Virginia, January 9, 1919; California, January 13, 1919; Tennessee, January 13, 1919; Washington, January 13, 1919; Arkansas, January 14, 1919; Kansas, January 14, 1919; Alabama, January 15, 1919; Colorado, January 15, 1919; Iowa, January 15, 1919; New Hampshire, January 15, 1919; Oregon, January 15, 1919; Nebraska, January 16, 1919; North Carolina, January 16, 1919; Utah, January 16, 1919; Missouri, January 16, 1919; Wyoming, January 16, 1919.

Ratification was completed on January 16, 1919. See Dillon v. Gloss, 256 U.S. 368, 376 (1921).

The amendment was subsequently ratified by Minnesota on January 17, 1919; Wisconsin, January 17, 1919; New Mexico, January 20, 1919; Nevada, January 21, 1919; New York, January 29, 1919; Vermont, January 29, 1919; Pennsylvania, February 25, 1919; Connecticut, May 6, 1919; and New Jersey, March 9, 1922.

The amendment was rejected (and not subsequently ratified) by Rhode Island. ^{amendment 18}

Women's Suffrage Rights Article [XIX]

The nineteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States was proposed to the legislatures of the several States by theSixty-sixth Congress, on the 4th of June, 1919, and was declared, in a proclamation of the Secretary of State, dated the 26th of August, 1920, to have been ratified by the legislatures of 36 of the 48 States. The dates of ratification were: Illinois, June 10, 1919 (and that State readopted its resolution of ratification June 17, 1919); Michigan, June 10, 1919; Wisconsin, June 10, 1919; Kansas, June 16, 1919; New York, June 16, 1919; Ohio, June 16, 1919; Pennsylvania, June 24, 1919; Massachusetts, June 25, 1919; Texas, June 28, 1919; Iowa, July 2, 1919; Missouri, July 3, 1919; Arkansas, July 28, 1919; Montana, August 2, 1919; Nebraska, August 2, 1919; Minnesota, September 8, 1919; New Hampshire, September 10, 1919; Utah, October 2, 1919; California, November 1, 1919; Maine, November 5, 1919; North Dakota, December 1, 1919; South Dakota, December 4, 1919; Colorado, December 15, 1919; Kentucky, January 6, 1920; Rhode Island, January 6, 1920; Oregon, January 13, 1920; Indiana, January 16, 1920; Wyoming, January 27, 1920; Nevada, February 7, 1920; New Jersey, February 9, 1920; Idaho, February 11, 1920; Arizona, February 12, 1920; New Mexico, February 21, 1920; Oklahoma, February 28, 1920; West Virginia, March 10, 1920; Washington, March 22, 1920; Tennessee, August 18, 1920.

Ratification was completed on August 18, 1920.

The amendment was subsequently ratified by Connecticut on September 14, 1920 (and that State reaffirmed on September 21, 1920); Vermont, February 8, 1921; Delaware, March 6, 1923 (after having rejected it on June 2, 1920); Maryland, March 29, 1941 (after having rejected it on February 24, 1920, ratification certified on February 25, 1958); Virginia, February 21, 1952 (after having rejected it on February 12, 1920); Alabama, September 8, 1953 (after having rejected it on September 22, 1919); Florida, May 13, 1969; South Carolina, July 1, 1969 (after having rejected it on January 28, 1920, ratification certified on August 22, 1973); Georgia, February 20, 1970 (after having rejected it on July 24, 1919); Louisiana, June 11, 1970 (after having rejected it on July 1, 1920); North Carolina, May 6, 1971; Mississippi, March 22, 1984 (after having rejected it on March 29, 1920). ^{amendment 19}

Article [XX]

The twentieth amendment to the Constitution was proposed to the legislatures of the several states by the Seventy-SecondCongress, on the 2d day of March, 1932, and was declared, in a proclamation by the Secretary of State, dated on the 6th day of February, 1933, to have been ratified by the legislatures of 36 of the 48 States. The dates of ratification were: Virginia, March 4, 1932; New York, March 11, 1932; Mississippi, March 16, 1932; Arkansas, March 17, 1932; Kentucky, March 17, 1932; New Jersey, March 21, 1932; South Carolina, March 25, 1932; Michigan, March 31, 1932; Maine, April 1, 1932; Rhode Island, April 14, 1932; Illinois, April 21, 1932; Louisiana, June 22, 1932; West Virginia, July 30, 1932; Pennsylvania, August 11, 1932; Indiana, August 15, 1932; Texas, September 7, 1932; Alabama, September 13, 1932; California, January 4, 1933; North Carolina, January 5, 1933; North Dakota, January 9, 1933; Minnesota, January 12, 1933; Arizona, January 13, 1933; Montana, January 13, 1933; Nebraska, January 13, 1933; Oklahoma, January 13, 1933; Kansas, January 16, 1933; Oregon, January 16, 1933; Delaware, January 19, 1933; Washington, January 19, 1933; Wyoming, January 19, 1933; Iowa, January 20, 1933; South Dakota, January 20, 1933; Tennessee, January 20, 1933; Idaho, January 21, 1933; New Mexico, January 21, 1933; Georgia, January 23, 1933; Missouri, January 23, 1933; Ohio, January 23, 1933; Utah, January 23, 1933.

Ratification was completed on January 23, 1933.

The amendment was subsequently ratified by Massachusetts on January 24, 1933; Wisconsin, January 24, 1933; Colorado, January 24, 1933; Nevada, January 26, 1933; Connecticut, January 27, 1933; New Hampshire, January 31, 1933; Vermont, February 2, 1933; Maryland, March 24, 1933; Florida, April 26, 1933. ^{amendment 20}

Article [XXI]

The twenty-first amendment to the Constitution was proposed to the several states by the Seventy-Second Congress, on the 20th day of February, 1933, and was declared, in a proclamation by the Secretary of State, dated on the 5th day of December, 1933, to have been ratified by 36 of the 48 States. The dates of ratification were: Michigan, April 10, 1933; Wisconsin, April 25, 1933; Rhode Island, May 8, 1933; Wyoming, May 25, 1933; New Jersey, June 1, 1933; Delaware, June 24, 1933; Indiana, June 26, 1933; Massachusetts, June 26, 1933; New York, June 27, 1933; Illinois, July 10, 1933; Iowa, July ^{amendment 21}

Amendment XXII

Passed by Congress March 21, 1947. Ratified February 27, 1951. ^{amendment 22}

Amendment XXIII

Passed by Congress June 16, 1960. Ratified March 29, 1961. ^{amendment 23}

Amendment XXIV

Passed by Congress August 27, 1962. Ratified January 23, 1964. ^{amendment 24}

Amendment XXV

Passed by Congress July 6, 1965. Ratified February 10, 1967. ^{amendment 25}

Amendment XXVI

Passed by Congress March 23, 1971. Ratified July 1, 1971. ^{amendment 26}

Amendment XXVII

Originally proposed Sept. 25, 1789. Ratified May 7, 1992.

The date of September 25, 1789, is correct. The amendment was initially ratified by 6 states (MD, NC, SC, DE, VT, VA), and the other 8 states excluded, omitted, rejected, or excepted it. The amendment was ratified by various states over time, and in 1992 was fully ratified as an amendment to the Constitution.

For more information see: United States. The Constitution of the United States of America : with a summary of the actions by the states in ratification thereof ; to which is appended, for its historical interest, the Constitution of the Confederate States of America / prepared and distributed by the Virginia on Constitutional Government. Richmond : Virginia Commission on Constitutional Government, 1961. 94 p. ^{amendment 27}

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New Year Greetings Letter - Write a letter to your friend wishing Happy New year

noreply@blogger.com (DFQS) — Thu, 14 Dec 2017 11:19:00 +0000

HAPPY NEW YEAR MESSAGES FOR 2018

Ringing in the New Year is cause for celebration, for reliving and for looking back. One thing known to be true, is that a lot can happen in a year and between the good, the bad and the ugly, this may seem like an understatement for most.

As glasses are raised and fireworks explode into the sky, it’s important to recognize the special symbolism this holiday brings with it. A time of new beginnings and fresh starts also comes with it a time of reflection and promises that more often than not tend to be short lived. Whether your resolutions consist of keeping your hands out of the cookie jar or giving your heartfelt word to work on relationships with loved ones, it can make all the difference to put these hopes into words and warm wishes. Seeing is believing.

These Happy New Year messages, well wishes and quotes will remind you to uphold your new year desires, help you fill the blank space in your New Year card and most importantly, share your joy with others this holiday season.

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Happy New Year Greetings Messages

The perfect addition to your New Year’s greeting cards no matter whom the recipient.

Wishing you a Happy New Year with the hope that you will have many blessings in the year to come.
Out with the old, in with the new: may you be happy the whole year through. Happy New Year!
Counting my blessings and wishing you more. Hope you enjoy the New Year in store.
I resolve to stop wasting my resolutions on myself and use them to repay you for the warmth you’ve shown me. Happy New Year!
Nights will be dark but days will be light, wish your life to be always bright – Happy New Year.
Let us look back at the past year with the warmest of memories. Happy New Year.
Let the old year end and the New Year begin with the warmest of aspirations. Happy New Year!
One more year loaded with sweet recollections and cheerful times has passed. You have made my year exceptionally uncommon, and I wish this continuous forever. With you around, each minute is a unique event for me. I wish you to have a year as incredible as you are.
On this New Year I wish that you have a superb January, a dazzling February, a Peaceful March, an anxiety free April, a sensational May, and Joy that keeps going from June to November, and then round off with an upbeat December.
On this New Year, may you change your direction and not dates, change your commitments and not the Calendar, change your attitude and not the actions, and bring about a change in your faith, your force and your focus and not the fruit. May you live up to the promises you have made and may you create for you and your loved ones the most Happy New Year ever.
May this year bring new happiness, new goals, new achievements and a lot of new inspirations on your life. Wishing you a year fully loaded with happiness.
Wishing every day of the new year to be filled with success, happiness and prosperty for you, happy new year.
May the new year bring you warmth, love and light to guide your path to a positive destination
Here’s wishing you all the joy of the season. Have a happy new year!

New Year Inspirational Messages

Everyone could use a little pick-me-up this holiday season especially when it comes to sticking with New Year’s resolutions. Use one of these inspirational New Year messages to instill a little hope in the hearts of your loved ones and put a smile on their faces.

A New Year is like a blank book, and the pen is in your hands. It is your chance to write a beautiful story for yourself. Happy New Year.
As the New Year approaches us with hopes anew, here is to wishing you and your family a wonderful year ahead.
As the New Year dawns, I hope it is filled with the promises of a brighter tomorrow. Happy New Year!
Every end marks a new beginning. Keep your spirits and determination unshaken, and you shall always walk the glory road. With courage, faith and great effort, you shall achieve everything you desire. I wish you a Happy New Year.
On the road to success, the rule is always to look ahead. May you reach your destination and may your journey be wonderful. Happy New Year.
No one can go back in time to change what has happened, so work on your present to make yourself a wonderful future.
You’re supposed to let go of the past and start off new. You’re supposed to forgive all those who have hurt you and be open to new relationships, with open arms. That is why it is called the ‘New’ Year. May you have a Happy New Year.
End each year with a few good lessons and start the new one by showing that you have learnt the lessons of the past well.
The new year has brought another chance for us to set things right and to open up a new chapter in our lives.
Unlike what most people think it is never too late to be what you wish to be.
Failure doesn’t influence your inner resilience, and failing simply means that you’ve discovered another false way to move your life forward. Profit from it.
At precisely the moment you feel like giving up, victory is always within reach. Remember this moving into the New Year.
We will open the book. Its pages are blank. We are going to put words on them ourselves. The book is called Opportunity and its first chapter is New Years Day.

New Year Wishes

The New Year is the perfect occasion to appreciate all the good things that the past year has given you and all the good things that are yet to come. In the past 365 days you have experienced beautiful moments that wouldn’t have been quite the same without all of the special people in your life. Convey your warmest wishes and show your friends and family you put some extra thought into wishing them the happiest of New Years with the perfect sentiment. Cheers to successes. Cheers to failures. Cheers to those that helped you make your year what it was.

New Year Wishes To Friends

Add a personal touch to your new year wishes to friends. It’s important to make sure you let those nearest and dearest to your heart know just how much you cherish their friendship whether old or new.

Knowing you has been a master class in true friendship. During the New Year, I hope to emulate your love and warmth. Wishing you a very Happy New Year.
Another year of success and happiness has passed. With every new year comes greater challenges and obstacles in life. I wish you courage, hope and faith to overcome all of the hurdles you may face. May you have a great year and a wonderful time ahead.
Another year has passed, another year has come. I wish for you that, with every year, you achieve all of your dreams. May God pour love and care on you. Happy New Year.
Every year we make resolutions and we vow to keep them. This year, my only resolution is to keep spending time with you.
I’m so excited to make new plans and new memories with you. let’s make this year as good as the last one.
This time of year, it’s important to gather friends around and spend time together. I am eager to ring in the new year with you.
Every year we try to diet and exercise. Maybe this year our plans will actually work. Happy New Year friend.
Remember when we were young and wanted to stay up for New Year’s? Now we are old and all we want to do is sleep.
Last year we got older and slower but we had a good time. Let’s make sure we do the same in this New Year.
Happy New Year friend. I hope you saved some champagne because I’m going to need some drinks all year.
This year may we continue to share the genuine friendship that adds happiness and warmth to even the most mundane days.
You’re supposed to let go of the past and start off new. You are supposed to forgive all those who hurt you and be open to new relationships, with open arms. That is why, it is called the ‘New’ Year. May you have a Happy New Year friend!

New Year Wishes For Family

The best wishes for the New Year are the ones that come from the heart. Add these special phrases to your own to craft a one-of-a-kind new year wish for those that put up with you at your worst, for those that you can count on no matter what, for those you call your family.

You made last year so special for me. It is my greatest wish that this coming year be special for you.
As we step into another year I’d like to thank you for lifting me up everytime when I am down and encouraging me to move forward. Have a beautiful year!
Life changes, but my New Year wish for you remains the same- I wish you happiness, good health and well-being from the bottom of my heart!
I wish you to look forward to the upcoming year with confidence and courage, giving wings to your dreams! Live your life to the fullest extent, Happy New Year!
Years come and pass but what it takes to make them worthwhile is someone’s unconditional love, wonderful memories and zest offered to live them fully. You have given me all of theses and much more in (___) and I know there will be more to come from you in (____).
Wishing a very Happy New Year to the one who adds sunshine to our family.
A family like ours lights up every year with happiness and joy! And I am lucky to be a part of it! Happy New Year.
Families are like fudge mostly sweet with a few nuts. Happy New Year.
My sister, my first friend, my constant support: In the coming year, I wish you all of the blessings you truly deserve. I love you, Sis.
Now, in the New Year, we look back upon warm memories. You’ve had a hand in every wonderfully warm memory I have, Mom. Happy New Year!
Happy New Year, Grandma. I wish you a bright New Year, just like every year you have brightened in my life. Thank you.
To my awesome brother: thank you for the fun, and sometimes embarrassing memories we share. Let’s keep that tradition going in the upcoming year. Happy New Year.
As I look forward to a New Year, I always think of the gifts my parents have given me. Though we’re miles apart, you are always in my thoughts. Happy New Year.

Funny New Year Wishes

What better way is there to kick off the New Year than with a huge smile and a couple of laughs? These funny New Year wishes are perfect for that quirky friend or family member who can appreciate a good joke.

Wishing you 12 months of success, 52 weeks of laughter, 365 days of fun, 8760 hours of joy, 525600 minutes of good luck and 31536000 seconds of happiness.
Many people look forward to the New Year for a new start on old habits.
I’ve been waiting 365 days to say “Happy New Year” since I had so much fun saying it last year. Happy New Year, Friend.
May this New Year bring actual change in you, nor recurrence of old habits in a new package.
A New Year is the chance to start over with a clean slate. Too bad my credit card won’t start over with a blank slate.
The most fun part about making New Year’s resolutions is breaking New Year’s resolutions. Can’t wait to mess up with you.
I’m so excited for the new year. Unfortunately, I don’t have any resolutions to make since I’m already perfect.
Happy New Year. Here is a wish for the New Year from someone who is adorable, handsome and intelligent and want to see you smiling always.
Happy New Year. Here’s to another year pretending that I like you people.
Happy New Year. Here’s to having a fresh start at binge eating, boozing, and slacking off.
We all get the exact same 365 days. The only difference is what we do with them.
This year may I wish you finally learn how to use your smartphone properly.

New Year Quotes

If you’re stumped on what to include in your Happy New Year messages this year, a quote might be just what you’re looking for. Whether you’re crafting a message for your friends and family, a colleague or really anyone you know, a New Year quote is the perfect way to relay what you’re feeling. Let the professionals help you craft a New Years messages that will make fireworks go off in the hearts of your recipients. These words will help you share the prosperous New Year with those dear to you.

New Year’s Resolution Quotes

These New Years Resolution quotes will offer up just the right amount of inspiration to help you stick to your promises this year.

“Always bear in mind that your own resolution to succeed is more important than any other.” -Abraham Lincoln
“If you asked me for my New Year Resolution, it would be to find out who I am.” -Cyril Cusack
“Let our New Year’s resolution be this: we will be there for one another as fellow members of humanity, in the finest sense of the word.” -Goran Persson
“How few there are who have courage enough to own their faults, or resolution enough to mend them.” -Benjamin Franklin
“Character is the ability to carry out a good resolution long after the excitement of the moment has passed.” -Cavett Robert
“Each year’s regrets are envelopes in which messages of hope are found for the New Year.” -John R. Dallas Jr.
“The changes in our life must come from the impossibility to live otherwise than according to the demands of our conscience not from our mental resolution to try a new form of life.” -Leo Tolstoy
“We must always change, renew, rejuvenate ourselves; otherwise, we harden.” -Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
“One resolution I have made and try always to keep is this: To rise above the little things.” -John Burroughs
“Good resolutions are simple checks that men draw on a bank where they have no account.” -Oscar Wilde
“Learn from yesterday, live for today, hope for tomorrow.” -Albert Einstein
“We spend January 1 walking through our lives, room by room, drawing up a list of work to be done, cracks to be patched. Maybe this year, to balance the list, we ought to walk through the rooms of our lives… not looking for flaws, but for potential.” -Ellen Goodman

Funny New Year’s Quotes

There are many comical aspects the New Year brings with it. Let the poets, authors and comedians help you make your dear ones laugh this holiday season with these undeniably funny New Years quotes.

“Making resolutions is a cleansing ritual of self-assessment and repentance that demands personal honesty and, ultimately, reinforces humility. Breaking them is party of the cycle.”-Eric Zorn
“May all your troubles last as long as your New Year’s resolutions! -Joey Adams
“A cat’s New Year dream is mostly a bird! Don’t be like a cat; in your New Year dream something that you have never dreamed. Target for new things.” -Mehmet Murat Ildan
“My New Year’s Resolution List usually starts with the desire to lose between ten and three thousand pounds.” -Nia Vardalos
“An optimist stays up till midnight to see the New Year in. A pessimist stays up to make sure the old year leaves.” -Bill Vaughn
“May all your troubles last as long as your New Year’s resolutions.” -Joey Adams
“A New Year’s resolution is something that goes in one Year and out the other.” -Anonymous
“It wouldn’t be New Year’s if I didn’t have regrets.” -William Thomas
“Never tell your resolution beforehand, or it’s twice as onerous a duty.” -John Selden
“My New Year’s resolution is to stop hanging out with people who ask me about my New Year’s resolutions.” -Anonymous
“I think I made too many New Year’s resolutions this year. It took me almost a full day to break them all.” -Anonymous
“I can’t believe it’s been a year since I didn’t become a better person.” -Anonymous

New Year Motivational Quotes

These motivational quotes for the New Year will help you shine a spotlight on the opportunity the turning of a year brings. Take the bull by the horns this year and do so with a few wise words.

“Write it on your heart that every day is the best day in the year.” -Ralph Waldo Emerson
” Cheers to a new year and another chance for us to get it right.” -Oprah Winfrey
“Tomorrow, is the first blank page of a 365 page book. Write a good one.” -Brad Paisley
“One thing with gazing too frequently into the past is that we may turn around to find the future has run out on us.” -Michael Cibeuko
“Year’s end is neither an end nor a beginning but a going on, with all the wisdom that experience can instill in us.” -Hal Borland
“You are never too old to set another goal or to dream a new dream.” -C.S. Lewis
“This is a new year. A new beginning. And things will change.” -Taylor Swift
“Hope smiles from the threshold of the year to come, Whispering ‘it will be happier.” -Alfred Tennyson
“For last year’s words belong to last year’s language and next year’s words await another voice.” -T.S Eliot
“We will open the book. Its pages are blank. We are going to put words on them ourselves. The book is called opportunity and its first chapter is New Year’s Day.” -Edith Lovejoy Pierce
“Drop the last year into the silent limbo of the past. Let it go, for it was imperfect, and thank God that it can go.” -Brooks Atkinson
“The object of a new year is not that we should have a new year. It is that we should have a new soul.” -G.K. Chesterton
“Be always at war with your vices, at peace with your neighbors, and let each new year find you a better man.” -Benjamin Franklin
“The bad news is time flies. The good news is you’re the pilot.” -Michael Altshuler
“Although no one can go back and make a brand new start, anyone can start from now and make a brand new ending.” -Carl Bard

Bible Verses For The New Year

Creating a special sentiment and sharing Happy New Year messages is the best way to spread good cheer. The years end is a time filled with self-reflection and self-improvement but more importantly, a time when we could all use a few encouraging words.

The bible can be a great source of guidance and encouragement during the holiday season or any new beginning that you might be facing. Whether you’re looking for inspirational bible verses to help you stick to your New Year’s resolution or bible verses about hope, these scriptures for the New Year will touch the heart of your recipients.

Praise be to the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ! In his great mercy he has given us new birth into a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead. 1 Peter 1:3
For I know the plans I have for you,” says the LORD. “They are plans for good and not for disaster, to give you a future and a hope. Jeremiah 29:11
Therefore, if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation; old things have passed away; behold, all things have become new. 2 Corinthians 5:17
Go, eat your bread with joy, and drink your wine with a merry heart, for God has already approved what you do. Ecclesiastes 9:7
Look to the Lord and his strength; seek his face always. Remember the wonders he has done, his miracles, and the judgments he pronounced,… 1 Chronicles 16:11-12
Every good and perfect gift is from above, coming down from the Father of the heavenly lights, who does not change like shifting shadows. James 1:17
In his heart a man plans his course, but the Lord determines his steps. Proverbs 16:9
Besides this you know the time, that the hour has come for you to wake from sleep. For salvation is nearer to us now than when we first believed. The night is far gone; the day is at hand. So then let us cast off the works of darkness and put on the armor of light. Let us walk properly as in the daytime, not in orgies and drunkenness, not in sexual immorality and sensuality, not in quarreling and jealousy. Romans 13: 11-13
Then I will sprinkle clean water on you, and you will be clean. Your filth will be washed away, and you will no longer worship idols. And I will give you a new heart with new and right desires, and I will put a new spirit in you. I will take out your stony heart of sin and give you a new, obedient heart. And I will put my Spirit in you so you will obey my laws and do whatever I command. Ezekiel 36:25-27
No, dear brothers and sisters, I am still not all I should be, but I am focusing all my energies on this one thing: Forgetting the past and looking forward to what lies ahead, I strain to reach the end of the race and receive the prize for which God, through Christ Jesus, is calling us up to heaven. Philippians 3:13-14
Be anxious for nothing, but in everything by prayer and supplication with thanksgiving let your requests be made known to God. Philippians 4:6
Our fathers disciplined us for a little while as they thought best; but God disciplines us for our good, that we may share in his holiness. No discipline seems pleasant at the time, but painful. Later on, however, it produces a harvest of righteousness and peace for those who have been trained by it. Hebrews 12:10-11
So we say with confidence,“The Lord is my helper; I will not be afraid. What can mere mortals do to me?” Hebrews 13:6
Let us then with confidence draw near to the throne of grace, that we may receive mercy and find grace to help in time of need. Hebrews 4:16
Be still in the presence of the LORD, and wait patiently for him to act. Don’t worry about evil people who prosper or fret about their wicked schemes. Psalm 37:7
Yet those who wait for the LORD will gain new strength; they will mount up with wings like eagles, they will run and not get tired, they will walk and not become weary. Isaiah 40:31
He has made everything beautiful in its time. He has also set eternity in the hearts of men; yet they cannot fathom what God has done from beginning to end. Ecclesiastes 3:11
The unfailing love of the LORD never ends! By his mercies we have been kept from complete destruction. Great is his faithfulness; his mercies begin afresh each day. I say to myself, “The LORD is my inheritance; therefore, I will hope in him!” Lamentations 3:22-24
Remember not the former things, nor consider the things of old. Behold, I am doing a new thing; now it springs forth, do you not perceive it? I will make a way in the wilderness and rivers in the desert. Isaiah 43:18-19
Cast all your anxiety on him because he cares for you. 1 Peter 5:7

These new year wishes will make for the sweetest addition to your New Years cards, your holiday photo book or even a décor piece for your annual New Year’s Eve party. If you’re sending your greetings out the old fashioned way, don’t forget to add a festive return address label on top of your greetings.

If you still haven’t stumbled upon the perfect words, take a look at our canvas quote ideas for wall art where you will surely find just what you’re looking for.

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Happy New Year Wishes and Greetings

Browse through this wonderful New Year messages to express heartfelt greetings to your loved ones, even to those who are miles away, as another year unfolds. Whatever method you use to send the new year wishes, make sure that the New Year messages have personal touch on it, it is important that some of the lines came from your heart. You can scroll below to select wonderful New year message. New Year Messages Happy New Year Wishes and Greetings EASYDAY WELCOME HOME COPY RIGHT TERMS CAREERS ABOUT CONTACT US Ads by Google Auto Interior Genetics Party Games Share this on WhatsApp 12/14/2017 Happy New Year Wishes and Greetings - Easyday http://easyday.snydle.com/new-year-wishes.html 2/32 I am here writing some happy new year greetings and I hope it will be helpful for you. Have a look at this messages and select what you like New Year is the time to visit our relatives and friends To warm up relations and strengthen friendship Wishing you a New Year with fun and party With relatives and friends Happy New Year On this new year our resolution may be To face our challenges with courage and condence, To spread love and aection to our dear and nears To lead a life of suucess and victory Top Merry Christmas Wishes and Messages Top Wedding Wishes And Messages TOP POSTS & PAGES 12/14/2017 Happy New Year Wishes and Greetings - Easyday http://easyday.snydle.com/new-year-wishes.html 3/32 To pray to the god for all thos blessings Happy New Year May this New Year brings you Immense happiness in all you do May the reworks brings you The sound of Victory in your ear Wishing you happy New year New year comes with glows of hopes in our mind It gives us new condence and courage for a fresh start Happy New Year and all the best for new ventures New year is the time for fun and party So let us have party and dance To welcome a new year with luck and success Happy New Year New year comes again and again To spread the spirit and celebration Have a wonderful New Year party And Happy New Year with joy and peace Wishing you a New Year That brings luck and prosperity Fills your home with joy and spirit Merry Christmas and Happy New Year May your New year be A new year that brings luck and prosperity A New Year that brings happiness and joy Happy New Year marriage anniversary wishes And Messages Birthday Invitation Wording Famous Christmas Poems Christmas Party Invitations and Christmas Party Invitation Wording Birthday Wishes Messages and Greetings Sweet Love Messages and Wordings Most Popular Christmas Decorations On Pinterest to Pin Your Board First Birthday Invitation Wording and 1st Birthday Invitations 12/14/2017 Happy New Year Wishes and Greetings - Easyday http://easyday.snydle.com/new-year-wishes.html 4/32 Inspirational New Year Messages Let us make this special day of everyone’s life a happier one with some interesting quotes and messages that have been handpicked for you from across the world. Send these to your friends, relatives, and everyone you know and wish them a Happy New Year! Happy New Year Messages Success will touch your toes this year If your values are earnest and your path is stead clear! So, hold your hands and get the power here. To welcome with a bang a Happy New Year! Simple Beach Wedding Ideas DIY Wedding Invites That Your Guests Will Love 20 Winter Wedding Ideas RECENT POSTS 12/14/2017 Happy New Year Wishes and Greetings - Easyday http://easyday.snydle.com/new-year-wishes.html 5/32 Let every day in this New Year be anew and lled with joy, prosperity and goodness in its purest form. Hold on to that ray of fresh beam of hope, peeping into your life through that miniature creek so tight that it transforms your dream into reality. The Old is forgotten, The future to be ascertained, What we have is the present, A true gift from the God we prayed! Happy new year! Forget the old; welcome the new! Let the bells of positiveness ring within you! Leave the path that leads the way, choose the path that creates the trail! Wishing you all a happy and joyous New Year! Got it wrong this year? Don’t worry and move ahead as the New Year gives one more chance to get it right and dance with joy! New Year Text Messages and New year Wishes Messages 15 Easy Last Minute Halloween Makeup Ideas 30 Halloween Porch Decoration Ideas AUTHOR SPOTLIGHT 12/14/2017 Happy New Year Wishes and Greetings - Easyday http://easyday.snydle.com/new-year-wishes.html 6/32 Please nd more happy new year messages and wishes. I am sure you will love these messages. New year comes to give us a fresh hope, For a better future and success New Year gives us dream for that We will face challenges with condence On this new year may your dreams and hopes Succeed with the blessings of god Happy New Year and Seasons greetings New Year is there to enjoy and take rest To face our challenges with more courage Wendy Ramirez Infuriatingly humble TV lover. Social media acionado. Music advocate. Passionate travel scholar. Web ninja. Award-winning zombie junkie. Food bu. Explorer. Read Full More posts by the Author » Anniversary Art Baby Beauty birthday Birthday Invitations CATEGORIES 12/14/2017 Happy New Year Wishes and Greetings - Easyday http://easyday.snydle.com/new-year-wishes.html 7/32 Wishing you a great holday and celebration Happy New Year As New Year comes and million take resolution I promise to you that all my help and well wishes Will be with you on this new year Happy New Year New Year is there for great resolution That changes our life for ever May all your New year Resolution and dreams comes true Happy New Year When you proclaim your new year Resolution I will be wishing you a New Year that makes Your Resolutions true and bring happiness to you Merry Christmas and Happy New Year New year Comes and go every year But the happiness and memmoreis of the New year That leaves behind will be an inspiration for everybody Enjoy New Year day with pary and Dance Happy New Year May this New year Brings you Everlasting Happiness and peace Cats christmas Condolence Daily Dating Diwali Easter Fashion Fathers Day Gift Ideas graduation Hairstyle Halloween Holi Holiday Home Housewarming Human Resource love Messages Mothers Day Nail Art Navratri NewYear Dev tools for .NET, Javascript, Xamarin. UI controls | Reporting … GrapeCity Learn more Ad 12/14/2017 Happy New Year Wishes and Greetings - Easyday http://easyday.snydle.com/new-year-wishes.html 8/32 Success in whatever you do Prosperity to you and your family Fills your home with joy and spirit Merry Christmas and Happy New Year Dubai Produced Word Record Breaking Fire Works in 2014. New Years reworks dubai Happy New Year Messages Onam Pets Pick Up Lines Poems Politics pongal Quotes Ramadan Recipes Relationship Republic Day retirement Reviews Romance Tattoo Technology ThanksGiving Travel Trend Uncategorized Valentines Day wedding Yoga 12/14/2017 Happy New Year Wishes and Greetings - Easyday http://easyday.snydle.com/new-year-wishes.html 9/32 New Year Wishes for Friends and Relatives 12/14/2017 Happy New Year Wishes and Greetings - Easyday http://easyday.snydle.com/new-year-wishes.html 10/32 Again New year is coming Dressup and get ready friends It is the time to welcome and embrace The new year with hope and spirit It is the time to Celebrate and Dance To proclaim our condence and spirit Happy New Year And seasons Greetings When the new year starts with colorful reworks I wish let it spread to your mind and soul And have a new year with fun and Dance Happy New Year New year Wishes for Friends 12/14/2017 Happy New Year Wishes and Greetings - Easyday http://easyday.snydle.com/new-year-wishes.html 11/32 Looking for more More happy new year messages. Well here I am putting another 10 messages which will make your heart rejoiced. I am sure that you will nd your message here May this Happy New year brings you The long lasting Happiness and Success A great new start that make you and You dears happy and Joyful Happy New year and Seasons greetings May the joy, happiness, Celebration and peace Surrounded you for the new year May stay ever, to make you happy Happy New Wishes for a Prosperous and successful year 12/14/2017 Happy New Year Wishes and Greetings - Easyday http://easyday.snydle.com/new-year-wishes.html 12/32 May the friendship you created In the past years with a good heart May make your new endeavours a Great Success in New year Happy New year with wealth Success and prosperity New Year and Christmas is the time to say thank For all those blessings showered on us By our lord our saviour Who has sacriced himself for us With the prayer to forgive us for sins Merry Christmas and Happy New Year As the season is getting ready celebrate People are caroling for the lord And looking for Christmas and a great new year To full their dreams and eort I am sending you this Christmas and New Year Wish Taken from my heart Happy new year and seasons greetings Funny New Year Messages Take a New Year Resolutions That can Keep atleast one day Not like last year which was at bin on new year morning Happy New Year Wishing you a New year Which will look as one as one for you And you will bable to walk even though you are drunk Happy New Year 12/14/2017 Happy New Year Wishes and Greetings - Easyday http://easyday.snydle.com/new-year-wishes.html 13/32 Before starting the new year celebration Make sure that you are calling Taxi To take you home Happy New Year New Year Messages For Kids Happy new year to the nicest kid of the town 12/14/2017 Happy New Year Wishes and Greetings - Easyday http://easyday.snydle.com/new-year-wishes.html 14/32 This message is for a nice kid Nobody else should read this You will get lot of chocolate in New year Happy New Year May the friendship you created In the past years with a good heart May make your new endeavours a Great Success in New year You are a wonderful child! You are such a smart, lovable, and understanding person. You never fail to make us proud of you! Happy New Year! New Year Wishes For Father Dad you gifted me present and made me happy, You struggled to make sure I will nor struggle, You are a blessed dad any one can have Happy New Year! You are a great wonderful dad I guided me and shown me the way in all those years I will never fail and will make you proud Happy New Year! New Year Saying for Cards Here is some special happy new year messages and wishes for your cards. I am sure that the below messages will make your cards really wonderful As this year ends with party and fun I am wishing you another year 12/14/2017 Happy New Year Wishes and Greetings - Easyday http://easyday.snydle.com/new-year-wishes.html 15/32 that brings Happiness and fun to you Happy New Year !!! My best wishes for a New Year That full-lls your dreams and hope Happy New Year A new year is on the way that makes yesterdays a memory and Tomorrows a Dream Happy New Year As the world celebrate the New Year with party and fun I am sending this new year card lled with a special New Year messages from my heart Happy New Year Wishes!!! Happy New Year wishes to you and you family. May the new year brings the happiness luck and peace into your home Happy New year sms Looking for special and short new year messages for your friends and family. Here it is Best wishes for a Happy New Year That makes your dreams to real. 12/14/2017 Happy New Year Wishes and Greetings - Easyday http://easyday.snydle.com/new-year-wishes.html 16/32 That makes your love to a dream That makes your home a heaven!! Wishing you a Happy New Year Filled with happiness and peace. May your home be lled with joy and Happiness Happy New Year A Happy New Year that makes your hopes and dream true. Happy New Year A happy new year that brings you luck and fun. Happy and Prosperous New Year!! May coming new year fulll all your dreams Happy and Prosperous New Year. My heart Felt wishes for a happy new year Filled with fun, joy and Happiness. Happy New Year Wishes to Son and Daughter Please nd some great new year wishes and messages for your son and daughter. I am so lucky to have a son/daughter like you. May the coming new year bless you with success and prosperity. Happy New Year !!!! To a dearest son/daughter: I so proud of you for your achievements and success. May you conquer more heights in coming new year!!! As this year ends and a new chapter opens up for you!!!, I wish to say “Yes you can do”. Yes you can face all the challenges in coming new year and become a success. Happy New Year!!! 12/14/2017 Happy New Year Wishes and Greetings - Easyday http://easyday.snydle.com/new-year-wishes.html 17/32 New year is the start of a new beginning. I am sure my son/daughter will use this to conquer more heights and success in their life. Happy New Year!! Thank you Happy New year Happy New Year Greeting Words Here are some New Year wishes and messages to send to your loved ones and family this coming new year. Towards the end of the year, everybody looks forward to the New Year because it brings with it the hope of a new beginning as we put the past year behind us. 12/14/2017 Happy New Year Wishes and Greetings - Easyday http://easyday.snydle.com/new-year-wishes.html 18/32 Many challenges are faced over the days and disappointments experienced and even joys enjoyed. But all this fades away as the New Year dawns once again. It is a time when we can make new resolutions and look forward to changing a lot of the things that may have gone wrong in the past. And what better way to begin the New Year than to have loved ones and friends sharing wonderful and inspiring messages with us, whether verbal or written? Spreading good cheer through New Year messages is a way of showing that you care. Take time to write messages to bless the hearts of friends and family and help them to look forward to the New Year with expectations and hopes. Happy New Year Wishes Messages 12/14/2017 Happy New Year Wishes and Greetings - Easyday http://easyday.snydle.com/new-year-wishes.html 19/32 A New Year means a new beginning, may your life begin anew as you leave the past behind and step into this New Year. Happy New Year. This past year was tough but you made it through thick and thin and now the New Year lies ahead of you. Proceed with caution but enjoy the coming days too. Happy New Year. There is nothing as good as the New Year to remind us that we are entering into a new season of our lives. Step out in faith and with high expectations and may God guide you through all the days of the coming year. Happy New Year. Take a step of faith in this New Year and try something you have never attempted before. You will be amazed at what new heights you will soar to. Happy New Year. Close the door on the year past, then take a deep breath and open the door to the New Year. Happy New Year. The New Year is like sunrise. A vast scope awaits you. Step into it and do your best, which is all that life expects of you. Happy New Year. Happy New Year Wishes Greetings 12/14/2017 Happy New Year Wishes and Greetings - Easyday http://easyday.snydle.com/new-year-wishes.html 20/32 New Year is a time for new beginning. Make sure to renew the bond with your family and friends especially those who are miles away and send out cards with your heartfelt New Year wishes on them. If you’re looking for samples of new year wishes to put on your card, here are some that you may use. The scintillating year ahead awaits. Step out and reach for the stars. Happy New Year. May the New Year replenish your hopes and dreams and may you nd all that you have been seeking. Happy New Year. 12/14/2017 Happy New Year Wishes and Greetings - Easyday http://easyday.snydle.com/new-year-wishes.html 21/32 Greetings on this great day as the New Year begins. May the days ahead bring you much joy and may your hopes come to pass. Happy New Year. Felicitations for the New Year. Here’s hoping that you will face the coming days of the year with courage no matter what they bring. Happy New Year. Sending you warm greetings as we celebrate the New Year, and wishing you plenty of God’s blessings for the days ahead. Happy New Year. Warm wishes to you and your all and praying that the New Year will bring you joy and satisfaction like never before. Happy New Year. Best Wishes for a Happy New Year 12/14/2017 Happy New Year Wishes and Greetings - Easyday http://easyday.snydle.com/new-year-wishes.html 22/32 I greet you on this wonderful rst day of the year. May the New Year bring you much joy and great advancements in every aspect of your life. Happy New Year. Today is the rst day of the New Year and I send you my special greetings. Celebrate today with joy and gladness and may it be a precursor for the days to come. Happy New Year. As the New Year begins I send you greetings and best wishes. Rejoice in the New Year for it is a new and fresh beginning. Happy New Year. 12/14/2017 Happy New Year Wishes and Greetings - Easyday http://easyday.snydle.com/new-year-wishes.html 23/32 Whatever happened last year cannot be undone. Whatever is yet to be done in the New Year can be planned and prepared for. Happy New Year. The New Year is like a blossoming ower. Reach out and enjoy its fragrance and beauty. Happy New Year. No matter how many times you failed in the past, the New Year is a time to begin afresh. Happy New Year. Happy New Year Wishes Quotes 12/14/2017 Happy New Year Wishes and Greetings - Easyday http://easyday.snydle.com/new-year-wishes.html 24/32 May the light of the New Year illuminate your heart and home today and in the days to come. Happy New Year. May wealth and prosperity follow and overtake you in this New Year. Happy New Year. May your hopes and dreams be fullled in this New Year and may laughter ever ll your heart and mouth. Happy New Year. 12/14/2017 Happy New Year Wishes and Greetings - Easyday http://easyday.snydle.com/new-year-wishes.html 25/32 You braved the tough times of the past year. You deserve a breakthrough in this New Year. Praying and wishing you a Happy New Year. May God remember you and your loved ones in the New Year and may all your dreams come true. Happy and Blessed New Year. Christian New year Wishes Spread the spirit of new beginning and inspire your dear ones with these encouraging and uplifting religious happy new year wishes. You may get some bible verses and combine it with your own messages. 12/14/2017 Happy New Year Wishes and Greetings - Easyday http://easyday.snydle.com/new-year-wishes.html 26/32 May God grace you with fresh, blessed beginning In the coming New year. May you be successful in any path you take. Happy New Year! May this upcoming New Year ll your heart With faith and hopes for better tomorrow May God guide you every step of the way. Happy New Year! Time never stops nor waits for anyone, so in this New Year make the most of all opportunities presented to you. May you have a happy New Year lled with great expectations. A new day has come. May peace and happiness be yours in this New Year. Happy New Year. May God bless you with Happiness, joy and prosperity This coming New Year and always. Happy New Year!

200+ Happy New Year Wishes

New beginnings, fresh starts, reaffirmations of love and promises for a brighter future all come to mind as we ring in a New Year. There are the superficial, yet purposeful, promises we make to ourselves. We resolve to get in shape, lose weight, improve career paths, and the like. Then, there are the heartfelt promises we make to others, whether aloud or in our minds. We want to care more, express love more, reverse bad feelings in old relationships or seek out new loving relationships. We try our very best to put these desires into words. Though New Years can be a time of celebration and cheer, there are many people who are facing difficult circumstances. They may be entering this time of year with apprehension or anxiety. If that’s the case for anyone in your circle of friends or family, you can reach out and be an encouragement by wishing them the best for the upcoming year. If your loved ones are experiencing favorable circumstances, you can wish them continued success. Whether you live nearby or far away, you can send heartfelt wishes for happiness, health, and prosperity to those who mean the most to you at this special time of year. Find the perfect words here! Choose among hundreds of genuine heartfelt Happy New Year wishes and greetings for your family, friends and loved ones.

Happy New Year Wishes for Friends

Wishing you a Happy New Year with the hope that you will have many blessings in the year to come.
Out with the old, in with the new: may you be happy the whole year through. Happy New Year!
As I think about our friendship and how happy it has made me, I want to wish you happiness in the year to come.
Thank you for being a friend even when I did not deserve one. You are a gem. May you have the biggest, happiest and craziest celebration on New Year’s eve.
I am fortunate to have friends who bring so much joy and craziness to this life. I can’t imagine what it would be like without you cheering me on. Have a great New Year’s eve celebration.
I would just like to express how much joy you have given me, and wish for your joy and happiness in return. Happy New Year!
More New Year Messages for your Friends
May your New Year’s Eve ring with laughter and cheer! Marking the start of a blessed New Year!
The New Year lies ahead
With books to be read,
And adventures to be led.
May you find fulfillment and joy
All year long!
Friend, neighbor, confidante: you have improved my life so much that, as we enter a new year, I wish for you all the love you have shown me. Happy New Year.
Counting my blessings and wishing you more. Hope you enjoy the New Year in store. Have a joyous New Year, my dear friend!
A new year is like a blank book, and the pen is in your hands. It is your chance to write a beautiful story for yourself. Happy New Year.

Romantic New Year Wishes

Another year filled with sweet memories and joyous times has passed. You have made my year very special, and I wish for you to continue to do so. With you around, every moment is a special occasion for me. I hope you have a great year ahead. May God bless my love with his care and warmth. I love you, and wish you a very Happy New Year.
Every New Year wish I have ever made came true when I met you. Thank you sweetheart…Happy New Year, with love.
As we wait for this year to end, and are on the clock, waiting for the new year to arrive, I want you to know, that you are the most important thing to my life, and you’ve improved it in every way it could have been possibly improved. Happy New Year!
New Year’s Greetings for your Boyfriend
As we enter the New Year together, let’s resolve to appreciate the love we share and watch it grow even deeper. Happy New Year my love.
You witnessed my every pratfall and tolerated every bad joke. You’re still smiling with me, and I love you for that. Happy New Year.
New Year’s Resolutions for Couples
The only thing I want to do, when the clock strikes 12, is to kiss you harder than I’ve ever done before, so that the universe gets a message on what I want to be doing for the rest of the year. Happy New Year!
Getting to spend the year with you, has been the best thing I could have possibly ever wish for. My only wish for the next year, is that everything just remains the same! Happy New Year!
New Year’s Greetings for your Girlfriend

I resolve to stop wasting my resolutions on myself and use them to repay you for the warmth you’ve shown me. Happy New Year, my love.
New dreams, new hopes, new experiences and new joys: wishing my new love a very Happy New Year.
All my wishes, all my hopes, all my dreams, and mostly all my love for a Happy New Year.
Best wishes to my beloved friend for an amazing year ahead. May the sunshine of happiness always shine above you. May the dove of peace rest over you and live in your home. May the dense forest of love surround you all year round. May you have a lovely New Year.

New Year Wishes for Best Friend

Knowing you has been a master class in true friendship. During the New Year, I hope to emulate your love and warmth. Wishing you a very Happy New Year.
May we live in a world at peace and with the awareness of God’s love in every sunset, every flower’s unfolding petals, every baby’s smile, every lover’s kiss, and every wonderful, astonishing, miraculous beat of our hearts.
New Years come, and New Years go, but our friendship has stood the test of time. Wishing you the best in this upcoming year!
Cute Happy New Year Card Messages
With your compassion and generosity, you redefined the meaning of best friends. I have been blessed. Happy New Year to a wonderful human who happens to be my dearest friend.
Another year has passed, another year has come. I wish for you that, with every year, you achieve all of your dreams. May God pour love and care on you. Happy New Year.
Another year of success and happiness has passed. With every new year comes greater challenges and obstacles in life. I wish you courage, hope and faith to overcome all of the hurdles you may face. May you have a great year and a wonderful time ahead. God bless you.

Happy New Year Wishes for Family

My sister, my first friend, my constant support: in the coming year, I wish you all of the blessings you truly deserve. I love you, Sis.
Now, in the New Year, we look back upon warm memories. You’ve had a hand in every wonderfully warm memory I have, Mom. Happy New Year, Mom.
Happy New Year, Grandma. I wish you a bright New Year, just like every year you have brightened in my life. Thank you.
To my awesome brother: thank you for the fun, and sometimes embarrassing, memories we share. Let’s keep that tradition going in the upcoming year! Happy New Year, with love.
As I look forward to a New Year, I always think of the gifts my parents have given me. Though we’re miles apart, you are always in my thoughts and prayers. Happy New Year, with gratitude.

Inspirational New Year Wishes

As the New Year approaches us with hopes anew, here is to wishing you and your family a wonderful year ahead. Happy New Year!
With each New Year we get a fresh, clean page to start over. Here’s hoping that life writes a beautiful new chapter for you this year. Happy New Year!
As the New Year dawns, I hope it is filled with the promises of a brighter tomorrow. Happy New Year!
Even if our talks may lessen, our hellos and our stories as well, but remember that, no matter what happens, my prayers and wishes for you will never fall short. May this year be the best year by far, and may this year bring with it endless joy and happiness.
Every end marks a new beginning. Keep your spirits and determination unshaken, and you shall always walk the glory road. With courage, faith and great effort, you shall achieve everything you desire. I wish you a very Happy New Year.
More Inspirational New Year Messages
On the road to success, the rule is to always to look ahead. May you reach your destination, and may your journey be wonderful. Happy New Year.
No one can go back in time to change what has happened, so work on your present to make yourself a wonderful future. Happy New Year.
You’re supposed to let go of the past and start off new. You’re supposed to forgive all those who have hurt you, and be open to new relationships, with open arms. That is why it is called the ‘New’ Year. May you have a Happy New Year.
May what you see in the mirror delight you, and what others see in you delight them. May someone love you enough to forgive your faults, be blind to your blemishes, and tell the world about your virtues.
Don’t forget the past, learn from it. Happy New Year.

Funny Happy New Year Wishes

Many people await New Year’s Day to make a new start to their old habits. I wish you otherwise. Happy New Year.
May your hair, your teeth, your face-lift, your abs and your stocks not fall, and may your blood pressure, your triglycerides, your cholesterol, your white blood count and your mortgage interest never rise.
Ten, nine, eight, seven, six, five, four, three, two, one, yippee! It’s a New Year! Happy New Year, my beloved friend.

Funny New Year Messages, Quotes and Greetings
May you get a clean health bill from your dentist, your cardiologist, your gastro-entomologist, your urologist, your proctologist, your podiatrist, your psychiatrist, your plumber and the I.R.S.
May you remember to say, “I love you” at least once a day to your spouse, your child, your parent, and your siblings, but not to your secretary, your nurse, your masseuse, your hairdresser or your tennis instructor.

100 Heartfelt New Year Messages

Cheers to the New Year. May it be a memorable one. Happy New Year.
Don’t worry when others are unable to understand you. Worry only when you are not able to understand yourself. May you have a Happy New Year.
I wish for this year to have lesser disasters, less hate, less accidents and loads of love. Happy New Year.
I wish you a very Happy New Year. Hope you have a great time ahead.
I wish you a very sweet and prosperous New Year. May God pour his love and blessings on you. Enjoy!
What do you wish for in the new year?
It is time to forget the past and celebrate a new beginning. Happy New Year.
It’s time for champagne, cake and balloons. It’s time to celebrate the new year. Happy New Year.
Let go of the past behind you. Right ahead, lies a new beginning. Make it a memorable experience. Happy New Year.
Let this New Year be the one, where all your dreams come true, so with a joyful heart, put a start to this year anew. Wishing you a happy and prosperous New Year.
Let’s give a warm welcome to the year that starts a new, cherish each moment that the year shall behold, so let’s come together and celebrate a blissful start to the New Year. Happy New Year.
Top 50 New Year’s Quotes
May each and every day of yours be renewed with lots of happiness and love. Happy New Year.
May New Year’s Eve find you seated around the table, together with your beloved family and cherished friends. May you find the food better, the environment quieter, the cost much cheaper, and the pleasure more fulfilling than anything else you might ordinarily do that night.
May the coming year bring more happiness to you than last year. May you have an amazing year. Happy New Year.
May the gift of love, happiness, peace, and warmth be yours as you make a new start. Happy New Year!
May the New Year bring to you Warmth of love and a light to guide your path towards a positive destination. Happy New Year!
May the new year bring you greater heights of success and prosperity. Have a happy new year!
May the new year that follows be the best you have ever had. Have a blissful new year!
May the telemarketers wait to make their sales calls until you finish dinner, may the commercials on TV not be louder than the program you have been watching, and may your check book and your budget balance – and include generous amounts for charity.
May the year ahead brings you good luck, fortune, success and lots of love. Happy New Year to you and your loved ones.
Each year is a gift that holds hope of new adventures. May your New Year be filled with exploration, discovery and growth.
May this new year, bring in loads of joy and fun in your life. I wish you a very sweet and warm New Year, and pray to God to bless to with his love, care and support. May you achieve big feats this year.
May you have a smashing new year filled with lots of delightful surprises. May you have a Happy New year.
May you know the joy of love,to soothe all tears away, true friend to walk beside you,through each and every day.I pray the year is brighter than the one passed before,good health and happiness and blessings by the score.Happy new year.

May your days be painted in gold. May your life be filled with diamonds. May the stars shine bright on your world. May you have a fun filled year. Happy New Year.
No matter if every sunset steels one day from our life, but every sunrise gives us one another day to hope!i wish new hopes will always be a part of your life.Happy new year.
On this New Year I wish that you have a wonderful January, a lovely February, a Peaceful March, a stress-free April, a fun-filled May, and Joy that lasts from June to November, and finally a happy December. May my wishes come true and may you have a charming and lucky New Year.
On this New Year, may you change your direction and not dates, change your commitments and not the Calendar, change your attitude and not the actions, and bring about a change in your faith, your force and your focus and not the fruit. May you live up to the promises you have made and may you create for you and your loved ones the most Happy New Year ever.
Season’s greetings and best wishes for a new year that fills your heart with joy. Happy New Year!
The future ahead, holds numerous surprises for you. Be open to changes. Happy New Year.
The New Year is the time of unfolding horizons and the realization of dreams, may you rediscover new strength and garner faith with you, and be able to rejoice in the simple pleasures that life has to offer and put a brave front for all the challenges that may come your way. Wishing you a lovely New Year.
There are things that are sometimes left undone and there are things that can be left sometimes unsaid. There are things that can be sometimes left unsaid, but wishing someone like you can’t ever be left, so I take this moment to wish you and your loved ones a joyous and wonderful New Year.
Time is like a flowing river, no water passes beneath your feet twice, much like the river, moments never pass you by again, so cherish every moment that life gives you and have a wonderful New Year.
When you are happy, smile and celebrate; but when you’re sad, again celebrate to bring a smile to others. Happy New Year.
Wishing you a new year rich with the blessings of love, joy, warmth, and laughter.
Wishing you a year that is filled with all the fragrance of roses, illuminated with all the lights of the world and be blessed with all the smiles on the planet. Hope this year will be the year when all your dreams come true. Happy New Year 2015.
Wishing you good health, happiness, and success in the coming year and always. Happy New Year!
With a passing year, shall pass the pains and troubles of the past. Stop thinking about the times that are gone, instead waste your time worrying about the future. May you have a great New Year.

Here’s to the New Year…
And all the promises
And hopes it brings!
As you sip your wine
Celebrating the New Year
Hope each day brings you
Showers of joy and surprises!
Happy New Year!

May your new year be blessed
with peace, love and joy.
Sending you my heartfelt wishes
With joy that never ends.
Wishing you a very
Happy New Year

Joy to your heart…
and warmth to your home!
As the New Year arrives…
Hope it brings along happiness,
hope and good tidings…
To stay on and on
Happy New Year

New is the year, new are the hopes and the aspirations,
New is the resolution, new are the spirits and..
Forever my warm wishes are for you
Have a promising and fulfilling New Year
Here is a wishing that the coming year is a glorious
One that rewards all your future endeavors with success..
Wishing you heartfelt and prosperous
Happy New Year

May each day of the New Year
Bring happiness, good cheer
And sweet surprises…
To you and all your dear ones!
Happy New Year!

New year is the time to bid farewell to the old
Year and welcome the coming year.
It is the time to forget and get past memories
That are no longer useful or worth pondering upon.
Let us
Forget and forgive
Happy New Year

As the New Year makes its way
Through the cold winter…
Sending you a warm ‘Hello’
and wishing you a
Happy New Year!

Wishing you a year of health,
wealth, happiness, luck, warmth…
And loads of love of your dear ones!
Hope the New Year
showers you with…
All that is beautiful!
Happy New Year!

May your world
be filled with warmth,
joy and good cheer…
Wishing you a
Happy New Year!

As the new year
renews all the happiness
and good tidings…
Hope the joyful spirit
keeps glowing
in the your heart…
Forever!
Happy New Year!

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36 Proven Ways to Make Extra Money at Home Without Getting a Second Job

noreply@blogger.com (Blogger) — Sat, 06 May 2017 15:25:00 +0000

Want to make some extra money from home?

We’ve got 36 ways you can boost your bottom line — most of them you can do without even leaving your couch.

DISCLAIMER: This post is LONG — so we recommend you bookmark it and tackle a few things each day and watch it add up.

How much do you want to earn this week? This month? This year?

Get started with small steps today. You may be surprised how much you can make!

1. Make Money Off Your Love for Disney

We’ve come to realize people who like Disney aren’t casual about it. Disney fans friggin’ love everything about the company: movies, rides, costumes, characters, you name it.

Did you know you could cash in on that lifetime of cherished memories?

We keep an eye on open casting calls, and we see calls for Disney movies and commercials all the time, all over the world. We even found a work-from-home opportunity with the Disney Store!

Could there be a better way to earn money than by working for the most magical place on Earth?

Keep an eye out for these casting calls — Disney always has something going on. These are our favorite sites:

And if you want to keep up with what we find, follow The Penny Hoarder Jobs on Facebook.

2. Stop Deleting Your Emails

‘Nuff said.

It turns out that deleting your emails could be costing you serious money. Intrigued?

Paribus is a tool that gets you money back for your online purchases. It’s free to sign up, and once you do, they will scan your email archives for any receipts.

If it discovers you’ve purchased something from Amazon, Target or one of the other 16 retailers listed on their website, it will track the item’s price and issue you a refund anytime there’s a price drop!

You don’t have to do anything!

3. Get Paid to Watch Videos

Carl knows what’s up…

Did you know you can actually get paid to watch videos online? They’re not all “Grumpy Cat” quality, but if you’re just sitting around watching TV anyway, you might as well make money doing it.

FusionCash is one legit site that will pay you for watching videos. Just sign up and start watching… and earning. Right now, it’ll even give you $5 just for signing up.

4. Download These Apps

Why not make it every day?

Did you know you could earn money just for having certain apps on your smartphone? It’s one of the simplest ways we can think of to set up a passive income stream!

Companies want to know how people are using their phones, and they’re willing to pay for the information.

These apps collect data from your phone and help them better understand web and mobile usage — like when you’re browsing, how long you stay on sites or use apps, and what types of sites and apps are popular (or not).

So, you get paid to use your phone like you normally would: to ignore the people around you.

And the data is reported anonymously, so don’t worry; no one will tell your boss how much time you’re spending on Facebook!

Install these apps, and you could earn $400 a year or more:

– ShopTracker – If you’re a regular Amazon shopper, you can earn money each month contributing to research to help companies understand what people are buying online. Download and connect this to your Amazon account. They’ll instantly send you a free $3 Visa gift card, plus another $3 for every month you keep it installed.

– SavvyConnect – You can earn $5 per device (phone, tablet, computer) for each month SavvyConnect is installed. You can make up to $180 per year to help rank the most popular sites and apps. Make sure you keep it installed at least one month to get your first $5 per device.

– MobileXpression for iPhones – This one can only be downloaded on iPhones. After you’ve installed it for one week, you get to play an instant rewards game for a prize (everyone wins something). I won a $25 Amazon gift card, but some of the other prizes include iPads & Samsung TVs.

5. Get Paid to Share Your Opinions

Hard to argue with her…

OK, we’re probably not the first to admit surveys aren’t the best way to make extra money. But if you’re just lounging, why not put that time to use?

You can just click a few buttons — no one has to know you got paid without even getting dressed today.

Ipsos Panel and Vip Voice and are legitimate paid survey companies (both with an A+ rating with the Better Business Bureau). You might recognize the name Ipsos from the news, because they conduct a lot of presidential polling.

Some top-end surveys can pay up to $95, but those are going to take some time, and they don’t come around often. Most will pay $1-$2 and take about 10 minutes to complete.

You could earn $100 or more a month just doing surveys during commercial — or bathroom — breaks!

6. Get a $5 Bonus When You Download Stash

No more excuses. It’s time to start adulting.

We’re kind of obsessed with Stash around here (and not just because it gives you $5).

We love that anyone can use Stash to start investing. You don’t have to have an MBA or even make it all the way through “The Big Short” to understand how to invest with this app.

You just choose from a set of simple portfolios reflecting your beliefs, interests and goals, and it does the rest.

To get the $5 bonus:

Click this link and enter your email here.

Download the Stash app on your smartphone, and set up your account with the same email address. Within two business days, you’ll see the bonus added to your account.

For what it’s worth, though, “The Big Short” is worth your time. It has Ryan Gosling in a tailored suit and Margot Robbie in a bubble bath.

7. Get Out of the House, and Drive With Uber

This could be us…

If you want to work for yourself without sacrificing human interaction, Uber is a great way to do it! Get out of the house and meet new people every day.

As an Uber driver partner, you set your own schedule and decide when and how long you want to work each day. So how much you can earn is up to you. Your earnings will be calculated by adding a base fare, plus time and distance traveled after your pickup, and Uber charges a service fee (20-35% depending on your city)..

If you want to give it a try there’s a few things to keep in mind:

Must be at least 21 years old

Have three years’ driving experience

Have an in-state driver’s license and a clean driving record

Be able to pass a criminal background check

You car must be a four-door and seat at least four passengers

Your car must be registered in state and covered by in-state insurance

If you don’t have a car that meets the requirements, Uber’s Vehicle Solutions can connect you to options to help you find one from their network of partnerships.

In participating markets, you could rent a vehicle by the week – a simple way to dip your toes into rideshare driving.

If you qualify, you could also apply for a flexible lease with unlimited mileage and payments deducted directly from your Uber earnings. Ready to buy new? Driving with Uber could get you a discount on eligible vehicles.

Here’s a link to apply with Uber.

8. Sell Your Unnecessary Clutter

Lucky mom!

For virtually anything, you can use letgo. This intuitive app lets you snap a photo and upload your item in less than 30 seconds. Not only does it remove a lot of the hassle of selling things online, it’s also 100% free to use.

Have a bunch of movies or CDs collecting dust on a shelf? Clear some space to help you breathe, and put that old stuff to work for you.

Decluttr will pay you for these items — plus your Blu-rays, video games and other electronics like cell phones, tablets, game consoles and iPods. Plus, enter PENNY10 at checkout to get an extra 10% for your trade-ins!

Seriously, it’s time to let “Jagged Little Pill” go. Or at least sign up for Spotify.

You can sell used textbooks through online textbook buyback company Bookscouter. Just search using your book’s ISBN, and the site will connect you with more than 25 of the best-paying and most reputable buyback companies online.

9. Get Paid to Lose Weight (Seriously!)

The one time you definitely want to be a real BIG loser.

Picture this: You step on the scale and finally see your goal weight.

Congratulations! But it gets even better.

You’re about to receive a generous check you can spend on a celebratory dress in your new size, use stock up on household necessities or wisely stick into your savings — all just for losing weight!

It’s not a fantasy. If you wager on your own commitment with HealthyWage, this could very well happen for you… as long as you stick to your guns and lose the weight.

Here’s how: Sign up for HealthyWage, and define a goal weight and a timeframe to achieve it. Place a monetary bet on yourself, between $20 to $500 a month.

HealthyWage’s calculator will consider how much weight you have to lose, how much time you give yourself to do it and how much money you wager to determine your reward. You could win up to $10,000!

10. Get a Free $10 Gift Card When You Shop Through MyPoints

Got something to say?

You’re not going to believe us when we tell you you can get paid for shopping and sharing your opinions, but it’s true.

Have you heard of MyPoints? It’s a cash-back site that lets you earn rewards by shopping online, printing coupons and taking paid surveys.

MyPoints’ shopping portal is an instant way to save on everything you buy at thousands of retailers. For example, you’ll get up to 5% cash back on purchases in some categories on Amazon.

Plus you’ll get a free $10 gift card just for signing up. Here’s how to get it:

Use the MyPoints portal the next time you need to shop online. You can shop thousands of stores, including major retailers like Walmart, Amazon and Target.

Make a purchase of $20 or more within 30 days, and MyPoints will reward you with 1,750 bonus points, which you can redeem for a $10 gift card to a retailer of your choice.

You’ll also receive invitations to surveys you may qualify for, and you’ll earn extra points for completing those.

11. Attach This Device to Your Browser

Surf’s up!

Digital Reflection Panel will pay you over $200 a year to let the company gather information about your internet habits in hopes of one day making online experiences even better.

All you have to do is connect a simple device to your wireless router and do device updates every now and then. It takes about seven minutes to fill out the necessary panel and survey to participate.

The meter will end up on your doorstep and you’ll earn a $25 bonus for installing it within four days of it arriving.

On top of that, you’ll get $60 after the first two months, and $10 each month you keep it plugged in after that.

12. Start Investing With $1 Today

Our pleasure!

Do you ignore opportunities to start investing because you don’t think you have enough money? You could be missing out.

We found an app called Clink that lets you invest in the stock market with just $1 a day. Plus, you’ll get a free $5 bonus to invest just for downloading the app.

And you don’t have to be a financial genius to get started. (We even have writers who figured out how to invest with this app…)

Clink does the heavy-lifting for you. You’ll link your bank account and decide how much you want to invest and how often — daily, weekly, bi-weekly or monthly, and it’ll handle the rest.

To get the $5 bonus:

Enter your email here to download the Clink smartphone app.

Set up your account with the same email address. Use the promo code: PH2016

13. Provide Customer Service — in Your PJs

This guy takes casual Friday to a whole new level.

Have you ever considered doing customer service from the comfort of your home? An increasing number of companies are hiring work-from-home customer service reps, instead of running call centers.

These jobs can be full– or part-time and offer a variety of schedules, including daytime, evening and weekend shifts with a range of pay depending on the position and location.

Your job is usually to answer customer questions over the phone or via online chat. You may find sales positions that include higher pay and performance incentives; or technical support positions, which are best if you’re tech-savvy and have an interest in helping people understand technology.

You should enjoy helping people, though! You know how a bad customer service call can totally ruin your day? You don’t want to be the bad rep on the other end of that call.

If you don’t like working with customers, keep an eye out for other work-from-home jobs at these job sites.

14. Apply for a Job With One of These Companies

‘Nuff said.

Work-from-home companies can get a bad reputation. Unfortunately, there are a lot of scams out there that take advantage of your desire to make money online.

It’s not fair.

So we did some research and put together a list of 16 legitimate companies that let you work from home and set your own schedule.

These all have a B+ or higher Better Business Bureau rating — and they span a variety of interests, so you should be able to find something to fit your skills and lifestyle.

15. Be an Image Reviewer for Shutterstock

Um, we call that winning, Alice.

Like looking at photos?

Mountain landscapes? Cats? Food? Funky illustrations? Your own face?

If you have some professional photography experience, but want a break from the field, a work-from-home job with Shutterstock could be perfect for you.

Shutterstock offers millions of royalty-free photos, illustrations and videos and has openings for work-from-home editorial image and illustration reviewers.

As a reviewer, you’ll check images to be sure they meet Shutterstock’s guidelines before hitting the online stock image or illustration catalog. You’ll work from home on a freelance basis for about 25-30 hours per week.

Interested? Apply here to review editorial images and here to review illustrations.

16. Hang Out With Cats and Dogs

Not a bad way to make new friends!

Do you want to make extra money spending time with cats and dogs? Pet-sitting could be a great side gig.

Take a dog for a walk — or just stop by to keep them company while friends or family are out of town — and you could earn about $40. It’s a fun way to make some bank and get your Fido fix, especially if you can’t have a pet of your own.

Get an even closer connection — and more cash — by offering to watch pets overnight while their owners are out of town.

17. Sell Stuff Through Fulfillment by Amazon

I think it’s time to downsize…

We all knew those Beanie Babies and Furbies would be worth something one day, right?

Well, maybe they’re not the cash cows we hoped, but if you have a stock of toys or other items like this, you could make some money selling them through Fulfillment by Amazon. You provide the goods, and FBA handles the rest, from storage and shipping to customer satisfaction.

It’s one of the simplest ways to run an online business from home.

Choose from Amazon’s categories to sell anything you want, ideally something you know well.

The Penny Hoarder founder Kyle Taylor used to buy and resell toys, and he made $10,000 through FBA in November and December 2014!

FBA offers a great opportunity to do a little bit of work around other daily tasks. It’s perfect if you want to make extra money around raising kids, doing housework or even a day job — or just clear your basement and clear out those old collections.

18. Start a Blog

We hear ya…

It’s definitely not a quick way to make money, but starting a blog can eventually help you earn extra money. If you enjoy writing, this is a super fun way to cash in on it.

You can blog about anything you want, so choose something you’re passionate about! Read our step-by-step guide to building an audience and making money from your blog. If you work hard, it could even replace your full-time income.

“As I worked to develop my blog, it began to attract advertisers,” says Cat Alford, blogger and mom of twins, told The Work at Home Woman.

“Now, I field emails (from advertisers) every day, and in the last three months, I’ve made a full-time income from my website after only making pocket change for several years,” Alford explains.

19. Sell Unused Gift Cards

It’s like a surprise gift from yourself!

More than $44 billion dollars in gift cards went unused between 2008-2014, according to the New York Post. We’ve got a much more productive way to put that money to use!

Sure, it’s disappointing to receive a gift you might not want. But if it’s a gift card, quietly thank the aunt (or other distant relative) who gave it to you for not trying too hard to buy something you wouldn’t have liked anyway.

It’s not cash, but a gift card is the next best thing — even if it’s for a store where you don’t usually shop.

That’s because you can sell it to someone who does want to shop at that store.

List your unused — or even partially-used — gift cards on a gift-card exchange site. Buyers use these sites to find a good deal on gift cards, and you get to turn that unwanted present into cash!

20. Rent Out Extra Baby Stuff With This App

They seem so small…

Traveling with kids can be rewarding, but also very challenging. The goBaby app aims to make it a little easier on parents — while giving other parents the chance to make some extra cash.

Babies and young kids need a lot of stuff, apparently, to survive. Packing and hauling that stuff across airports, planes, trains and automobiles sucks, and it might even cost you extra money.

Through the goBaby app, New York City-based mother of two Natalie Kaminski created a parent-to-parent marketplace where traveling parents could rent baby gear like strollers, car seats and other items from local parents with the same to spare.

This Airbnb-style exchange for baby supplies is available in New York City and will be launching soon in Boston, Miami, San Francisco and Chicago.

If you live in one of these cities, use the app to monetize your extra baby gear!

Here’s how it works:

Download the app for free here.

Take a photo of the item you want to rent out. Add a brief description, and set your price.

Choose whether you’ll deliver the item or have the renter pick it up.

Give the item to the renter, and get it back within the scheduled dates.

Get paid. Repeat!

21. Start a Freelance Business

Freelance life is simply the best.

If you’re dreaming of setting your own schedule, working in sweats most days (or even your underwear, we won’t tell) and letting your facial hair fill out without consequence, freelancing could be perfect for you.

It could be your full-time job or a part-time side gig — the beauty of freelancing is you get to choose your work and how much time to put into it.

You can start a freelance business based on any skill you want, but these are some of the most common areas:

Writing

Graphic design

Social media

Photography

Coaching

But don’t just start a business doing what sells!

You’re going to put a lot of time and effort into this, so it should probably be something you love. Find the service that fits what you enjoy doing, what you do best and what people are willing to pay you for.

Once you know the kind of work you want to do, follow our ultimate guide to starting a freelance business to take the next steps.

22. Earn Money Off Your Psychic Abilities From the Comfort of Your Home

I see working from home in your future.

Do you have experience and skill in any of these metaphysical abilities?

Astrology

Tarot

Dream interpretation

Numerology

Clairvoyance/clairaudience/clairsentience

Crystals

Runes

Empathy

Medium or channeling

Psychic Source has openings for advisors for its phone or chat readings. You’ll get to work from home and set your own schedule, anywhere between eight and 40 hours per week.

You’ll receive support and promotion from Psychic Source, and pay is a base rate per call (not specified), plus a per-minute bonus depending on the length of your calls.

To apply, access the application process here. Or just apply telepathically (just kidding, don’t do that).

23. Do Other People’s Grocery Shopping

Cheers!

Some people hate grocery shopping so much they’ll actually pay someone else to do it for them.

That someone else can be you!

If you’re 21 years or older with reliable transportation, you can sign up to be a delivery driver with Instacart.

This app and website lets people who don’t have the time or motivation to battle the crowds for a box of cereal skip the grocery store. And it lets you make money as their personal shopper.

You should be relatively comfortable with common groceries, so this might not be the gig for you if your typical grocery trip is just a beeline to the Pizza Rolls.

Your application will include a short online quiz about common grocery store items. You’ll need to identify grocery items like a lemon or an 18-pack of eggs, and you only have two minutes to answer the 21 questions.

After that, your local manager will call you to set up a 15-minute phone interview to learn about your background and experience.

24. Make Music Videos for YouTube

Then you ought to make money doing it!

Want to make money playing music? You can do it without leaving home by putting your music on YouTube.

There are two primary ways to do this. First, simply make and monetize YouTube videos. If you get enough traffic, you can make some serious money.

Second, create YouTube music lessons.

If you’ve been playing a while and know how to explain the basics to beginners, set up some video lessons. Some YouTube music lessons get millions of pageviews. Monetize your videos, and that kind of traffic can translate to serious money.

25. Sell Your Old Makeup

Because eating is so overrated.

Do you have makeup sitting around that you know you’ll never use? It’s time to part with that palette of 42 shades of eyeshadow. You always knew you’d only use the brown.

The website Glambot buys your old — yes, even used — makeup to resell to users at a discount.

It’s a great way to make some extra cash clearing out your vanity drawers!

Here’s how it works:

Enter your items to see how much they’re worth here.

Decide what you want to sell, and Glambot will email you a free shipping label.

Ship your items via USPS.

Glambot will email you an offer within within five business days of receiving your package. Accept your offer in cash store credit.

If you’re worried about sanitation, don’t worry. This writer was concerned, too, and learned from experts that used makeup is generally OK to apply.

Plus, Glambot authenticates and sanitizes all products before selling.

26. Write Songs (and Sell Them)

They’re pretty much always coming to you.

You may have heard the music industry isn’t the best place to make a living these days. That’s not totally wrong — but it’s not totally right, either.

While the move to digital downloads has made record deals less lucrative for artists than in the heyday of rock ‘n’ roll, flexible musicians know there are still smart ways to cash in.

Songwriting is one of them.

Selling songs outright isn’t common, because it’s not a great deal for the writer. If you sell all the rights to a song, you’ll only make a few bucks, even it becomes a huge hit — or, even better, gets played in a movie or TV show.

A better plan is to set up a royalty deal. That way, the amount you earn is based on the song’s success.

Mechanical royalties earn you a statutory rate of 0.091 cents per song, per manufactured unit (such as a CD). If the song you wrote is on an album that sells 10,000 copies, you would make $910.

Performance royalties are a separate deal. To collect royalties for the right to perform your song, join one of these three performing rights organizations:

ASCAP

SESAC

If you can’t break into the music industry in the usual ways, you can always look for contests to enter. For example, the International Songwriting Competition (ISC) hands out cash, prizes and recognition to 71 winners.

ASCAP maintains a list of songwriting competitions.

27. Add This App to Get Paid for Picking Up Your Phone

Can’t argue with “free” money, can you?

We’re constantly told we have a smartphone addiction in this country. You glance at that tiny screen dozens of times a day to check the weather, answer emails or text the next love of your life (you hope).

And you can actually get paid for it. Take that, technophobes.

Instead of a picture of your dog or some flowers on your lock screen, the Slidejoy app presents ads for various products and services. Like what you see? Swipe left on the ad to go straight to the advertiser’s website, YouTube video or app download page.

If the ad doesn’t resonate with you — or if you’re in a hurry — simply swipe right to go to your phone as normal.

It’s like a dating app for ads, except instead of nonsensical pick-up lines, you get paid for your swipes. You can earn up to $60 a year just by using your phone as you normally would.

Click here to download the app for your Android phone.

28. Earn Cash Back for Shopping Online

Don’t you love cracking open the mailbox to see a package inside?

Yeah, we can come up with a lot of ways to save money when you’re shopping. But isn’t it better to get paid to go shopping?

When you shop through a cash-back site like Ebates, you’ll earn cash-back rewards you can redeem for gift cards.

Even better, it’s giving away $10 gift cards if you sign-up as a new member and earn your first cash-back rebate. You can choose either a $10 Target, Walmart, Macy’s or Kohl’s gift card.

You do have to wait 30 days. But, it’s free money so can you really complain?

29. Do Some Freelance Proofreading

Classic proofreader humor.

If you’ve got a keen eye for grammar and formatting, freelance proofreading could be your next great gig — one that pays about $17 an hour.

Got your attention? Yeah, we thought so.

To get started, sign up for this free seven-day mini-course on ProofreadAnywhere.com to learn how to build your freelance proofreading business.

Typical pay for proofreading is about 35 cents per page, so how much you earn depends on how efficiently you can work. To earn $17 an hour, you’ll have to proof about 49 pages each hour, which you’ll need experience to work up to.

Proofreading is a great gig for Type A personalities — perfecting grammar, punctuation and formatting and getting paid for it? That’s much better than just keeping a pencil in your nightstand to mark up your library books.

30. Help Companies Improve Their Websites

Please spread the word.

Have you ever clicked on a link because it promised valuable information, but bounced off the web page immediately because it was so unpleasant to look at?

Some websites are just so annoying to use or difficult to navigate that users don’t want to hang out on them.

You can help change that — and get paid to do it.

With UserTesting, you’ll help companies determine how customers use their websites.

You’ll make about $10 for spending 20 minutes evaluating websites or testing apps. The best part? You’ll be paid via PayPal within seven days.

This opportunity is available in the U.S., and we’re hearing there are a also ton of jobs in the UK, Canada, Germany and Australia right now!

31. Rent Your Designer Clothes

Can’t get enough!

Have a pricy dress you bought and only wore once wasting away in your closet? Earn your money back — and more — renting it to others looking for a good deal.

You can make money renting clothing through sites like Loanables or Style Lend.

If you’ve got lots of special-occasion or high-end clothes, you could practically be running your own Rent the Runway from your closet!

Rent the Runway is popular with frugal fashionistas, especially around the busy wedding season. People can rent your designer dresses for just a few days to save on cost of buying a new one.

You get to cash in on the demand. Plus, it takes the sting out of splurging on that designer dress for your friend’s wedding last summer you’ll never wear again — it’s just an investment!

32. Test Drive Cars as a Mystery Shopper

Here’s your chance!

Working through a mystery shopping company like BestMark, you can go to car lots and pose as a potential buyer.

So you get to test drive a car, which is pretty cool.

It also means you listen to the sales pitch, which is less exciting. But then you report back on your experience and get paid. Joke’s on them…

The Penny Hoarder founder, Kyle Taylor, used to do automotive mystery shopping, and reports earning $60 for each dealership he visited. Not too bad for less than an hour’s work acting like a P.I., not to mention the chance to drive a new car!

33. Work From Home as a Bookkeeper

We don’t hear that too often. This is a perfect job for you, Ashlee.

Does earning $60 an hour sound appealing? Duh, of course it does. How about the freedom to work remotely with small business owners?

Those are the perks of working as a bookkeeper, says Ben Robinson, a certified public accountant and business owner who teaches others to become virtual bookkeepers.

And no, you don’t have be a CPA to be successful in this business. In fact, all you really need are decent computer skills and a passion for helping business owners tackle real-world problems.

It’s a great opportunity for moms who want to work part time, millennials who are just out of college and anyone who wants to bring in real money while working from home.

34. Get Paid for Your Useless Knowledge

So do we, Jessica. So do we.

Trivia fiends will love this.

Download the Perk Pop Quiz app and pick from one of the many trivia categories — The 90’s & The 2000s, Music & Movie Quotes and Famous Slogans are just a few.

The more correct answers you rack up, the more points you get. You can redeem those points for gift cards to Amazon, Starbucks, Nike, GameStop, Target and other stores.

You’re not going to get rich doing this, but it’s a fun way to make an extra $15 to $20 a month for the shows you already enjoy watching.

35. Sell Your Weirdest Stuff

And, oh, those summer nights… selling them online.

If you want to work directly with buyers, you can list your most unique treasures to sell on Ebay.

Seriously, when we say “unique,” we mean it. Did you know you could sell dentures on Ebay? What about old — sorry, vintage — panties?

If you’ve lived in one place for a while, you’re bound to have a few odd items stuck in the back of your closet. Those could be valuable to someone.

You can also cash in on your location through Ebay. If you live by the beach, collect bunches of seashells and driftwood to sell to crafters. If you live near the woods, collect pine cones. Don’t underestimate the value of those things you see everyday!

36. Take Care of Someone Else’s House

#lifehacks

House-sitting is a killer way to make money for introverts, travelers and anyone who just wants to make a little extra money in their free time.

It’s like a sleepover you get paid for. Just water some plants, mind the temperature and keep the lights on at intervals that alert potential ne’er-do-wells that the place is occupied.

When you’re traveling, house-sitting could mean free lodging — and it’s usually cushier than a cheap hotel and more private than couch surfing.

House-sitting in your own town is a way to make money just for stopping by a couple times a day, or even spending the night in a place that’s probably a step up from your own.

Read our guide on how to find house-sitting gigs to get started.

Your Turn: Will you try any of these ways to make extra money?

Advertiser Disclosure: This post includes affiliate links. We’re letting you know because it’s what Honest Abe would do. After all, he is on our favorite coin.

by The Penny Hoarder
Contributor for The Penny Hoarder

Share Your Thoughts

5 best whiteboard animation software for a great presentation

noreply@blogger.com (DFQS) — Wed, 12 Apr 2017 19:56:00 +0000

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The best way to create an inviting visual online content is by use of whiteboard animation video. And to create amazing whiteboard animation videos, you’ll need a good whiteboard animation software. A lot of DIY whiteboard animation software have been popping up over the past few years. Some are good, some are terrible and others are just confusing. So, before you take the DIY whiteboard animation software route, it’s important that you first get down to the nitty-gritty of the software at hand.

Whiteboard animation videos can be used for a number of reasons: to teach customers how to use a product or a software program, to sell an idea, or even to introduce a product or service. Some of us have been led to believe that creating a whiteboard animation video is an expensive thing and something that requires exceptional talents. However, there are some quality and affordable whiteboard animation software programs that enable you to create animated videos with ease. In this article, we will touch on the best and affordable whiteboard animation software.

Related: Microsoft’s educational app whiteboard hits the Windows store

The best whiteboard animation software

VideoScribe

VideoScribe from Sparkol is one of the best whiteboard animation software and its popularity cuts across continental boundaries. Released in 2012, VideoScribe was the first software to make the creation of whiteboard animation videos possible without the need to hire an expert. You will believe the hype once you use it to make doodles or animation video. One impressive thing about it is that you don’t need to be a tech expert to use this whiteboard animation software.

You can use it to create simple and technical explanations, FAQs, and even to introduce a product or service. Due to its quality productions and ease of use, VideoScribe videos have been used by the British government and the Swedish parliament to explain policies. The product is available for Windows and Mac, and also has apps for Android and iPad. You can buy and own the software for $480 or opt for the monthly fee of $12 per month ($144 per year). VideoScribe is the perfect solution for all designers, marketers, and graphic artists.

Get VideoScribe

Explaindio

If you are looking for a modern and feature rich whiteboard animation software, then you might want to give Explaindio a try. This whiteboard animation tool even allows you to create whiteboard animation effects over GIF animations and videos. The interface is feature rich and offers a wealth of options to customize your videos. It allows you create HD videos using high-quality background images. You can even import video slides or audio files from other video editing software.

Explaindio video creator enables you to animate cartoon characters to build stories and articulately convey your message. Marketers will appreciate the catchy themes that will introduce their products in a professional manner. The software also provides you with a long list of pre-designed slides that you can use to create stunning presentation videos. Explaindio is available for both Windows and Mac. Pricing starts at $59/ year for personal use and $69/ year for commercial use.

Get Explaindio

Easy Sketch Pro 3

The latest version of Easy Sketch Pro comes with a host of amazing features that make it compete well with the top whiteboard animation software. It allows you to create sketch video with drag and drop interface. In addition, it allows you to add live hotspots linking to URLs of your websites, Twitter, Facebook accounts, and more.

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Easy Sketch 3 also comes with a wealth of brand new features that make it stand out in the crowd. For instance, you can add background music of your choice, or select one from the large library of ready-made tracks. You can either use your own images or choose from the provided gallery of royalty free images. And if you don’t want to start on a blank page, you can choose one from the various professional canvas types provided. Pricing starts at $37, one off fee for personal use and $67 for businesses.

Get Easy sketch Pro 3

GoAnimate

GoAnimate is a powerful whiteboard animation software that allows you to create quality animated videos in less than 5 minutes. The software provides a wide range of customizable scenes covering hundreds of occupations, industries, and concepts. Its simplicity of use is remarkable. Just give voice to a character and they will automatically lip-sync it.

You can add your voice to the animation video, record, or import audio files directly to the platform. GoAnimate is a good tool for creating animated info-graphics, cartoon stories, and anime story videos. The product offers 3 pricing plans, the cheapest starting at $39/ month or $299/ year.

Get GoAnimate

TTS Sketch Maker

If you are looking for a cheap whiteboard animation software that offers quality services, then TTS Sketch Maker is your best shot. The software allows you to create perfect whiteboard animation videos with text to speech human sound in a few clicks. It sports an intuitive GUI so you can easily create your text to speech videos in minutes.

The product comes with 25 different accent voices so you can choose your favorite voice when creating a sketch video. The voices are available in 15 different languages, Spanish included. All the exported videos are in high definition (1280 x 720). You get the software for a one-off payment of $37 and there is a 30 days money back guarantee.

Get TTS Sketch Maker

Conclusion

Marketers and trainers are all leveraging the power of animated videos to capture the attention of readers and articulately convey their message. The use of whiteboard animation videos has grown at a high rate such that it has become the popular marketing gimmick. Large corporations are willing to spend over $1,000 for a 5 minutes marketing whiteboard animation video.

So, instead of looking for experts to create the animated videos for you, why not get a good whiteboard animation software and do it yourself. We hope that this list will land you to the best whiteboard animation software for your marketing or training needs.

Top 10 Best Animation Software free to download for windows

noreply@blogger.com (DFQS) — Wed, 12 Apr 2017 19:55:00 +0000

Whether you are a beginner or an expert in the field of animation, a great animation software is what you need apart from the other programs and tools. Making your own animated movies voiced by you and with cartoon characters made by you is some fun, isn’t it? Okay, we understand that you are an animation student and since you are looking to make a career out of it, you may already have access to all the required tools in your institute, however, what if you want to create a setup of your own? The first thing that can be your road block is the steep pricing for a good animation software.

Read: Best Ableton Live 9 Tips and Tricks

But no worries, as fortunately there are many animation software available online which are not only absolutely free of cost but are also equally effective and competent. These free alternatives do a great job to meet your needs for those animation projects that you have been waiting to take up. The list we have created today includes the best from each category that is, 2D and 3D animation software. While you can create some awesome animation using the different tools they offer, it also allows you to transport tools in various formats, make use of image animation tool and many others.

Read also : Top softwares for creating digital art

If you are an animator who is full of creativity, turn your ideas into reality using these best free animation software for windows users.

Top 5 2D Animation Software For Windows

Pencil

Pencil is a free open-source software that helps you create 2D animation effortlessly. It is easily the most versatile animation program in the 2D category and offers some of the stunning features all for no charges attached. It allows you to bring out your creativity with this simple yet innovative tool through colorful 2D graphics.

Even though its interface looks extremely simple and immaculate, it comes stuffed with all the important tools that are offered by some of the paid programs in the category. While it aids both the bitmap and vector images, it also supports multiple slabs and owns an inherent set of illustration tools that helps you to bring in graphic pictures or draw them on the spot prior to the animation part.

Some of the other features offered by Pencil includes determining the frame rate, sound and image import, adding colors and more. As an added bonus, this program also helps you to export your graphics too .FLV, Flash Video (SWF), Movie and to many other formats.

Creatoon

Creatoon is an extremely user-friendly, straightforward and instinctive software that allows you to create 2D animations in cut out fashion and add several special effects to the same. The interface may look quite simple and out-of-date, but the software can carry out some of the complex tasks that can produce remarkable results.

It offers menus on each side of the working area in order for you to have quick access to the main features. Even though the interface is not customizable, but it is properly arranged for you to have a clear view of the project in process. While it allows you to determine the frame rate per second along with the height and the width, it also lets you select the format of the project file.

Moreover, you can add special effects to your animation using Creatoon, conveniently store your tasks manually or simply just let it save your tasks automatically every 5 minutes. You even have the option to personalize the drawing tool and make it act according to you. The program lets you segregate your animation elements in slabs that enable you to make the required changes swiftly. While you can tweak the preciseness of the sketch tool, it also allows you to play with the progression of your brush movements.

Overall, Creatoon is a software that enables you to create animation effortlessly with advanced features making it the perfect solution even for the beginners.

Plastic Animation Paper

One of the best 2D animation software around, Plastic Animation Paper offers you uncomplicated and powerful tools to convert your ideas into beautiful cartoons and animation in 2D for no charge. This program is created for those expert animators who need a quick and compelling solution, apart from being instinctive and extremely easy to work with.

Plastic Animation Paper manages your swift sketching movements, your process of rough sketches and space where you animate. It provides you real-time suggestions and an easy process that helps you to analyze your concepts for a particular movement quickly, a specific character or your upcoming action sequence and helps you to easily create it with your hand.

Among its key features is the sketching space, adding color to the sketch, setting the frame speed, zooming in and out, insert music and more. Once you are finished drawing you can save them in different formats, viz. AVI, PNG, TGA, GIF and other formats. While this software is available for Mac OS X and as an iPad app, it is also available for download for Windows PC absolutely free of cost.

Synfig Studio

Synfig Studio is an open source and a multi-platform free software that allows you to create animations in 2D and its design is quite close to that of Pencil. However, the major difference among the two is the fact that Synfig comes with a sharp learning curve due to its avant-garde features and amazing results which you can definitely achieve once you have mastered using its tools at a professional grade.

The interface of the program is segregated into four separate windows that are, tools window, editing window, navigator window, and parameters window. Once you attain the skills of using the features efficiently, you can create superior quality cartoons, animations, and movies. It is based on vector and bitmap technique.

Since most of its elements are based on vector and all slabs are developed parametrically, only pixelation will appear in the imported raster pictures and not the inherent items when modifying the target result of the project. The keyframes of the animation are automatically appended by the PC which leads to a steady motion.

The artwork will be able to comprehend a far wider variety of pixel glow using the “High-Dynamic Range Imaging” or HDRI which uses the mathematics of floating-point in the image computation, thereby leading to improved lighting effects and color formation. The best part is that the sketching tool already scans the pressure receptiveness route off your favored tablets that helps in natural line weighting and more.

Synfig offers complete support for gradient routes that enables the animator to insert soft shading to his drawing effortlessly without the need of sketching the animation on each frame separately. It also offers a host of layers that includes gradients, transformations, fractal, geometric, etc. Apart from Linux and Mac OS X, Synfig Studio also works with Windows and is available to download for free.

Stykz

Stykz is a completely free of cost software that enables the animator to create compelling 2D animations. It supports mostly all chief operating systems that include, Mac, Linux, and even Windows. The full version is available to download completely free of charge and offers plenty of handy tools that assists you to create great animations on a user-friendly interface.

It is a software that allows you to draft your animation before you step into the painting and animation in full bloom. It is the first cross-platform stick figure animation software across the globe that helps you develop, edit and preview your creations. Stykz is strikingly similar to the Pivot StickFigure Animator as it adapts some of its features along with some of its own unqiue features.

It brings in the .stk files of Pivot 2 and Pivot 3 in order for you to be able use the prevailing files that you developed or downloaded from Droid.org or Darkdemon.org in .stk format. Stykz is based on frames, hence you can work on each frame of your creation to finish it perfectly. The Onionskin feature allows you to view what was in the earlier frame that helps you to tweak your present frame conveniently.

There are no hidden charges or any license needed to use Stykz in its complete potential.

Top 5 3D Animation Software For Windows

Blender

Blender is one of the most popular free animation programs that is used by many expert animators, video game specialists, scientists, students, VFX professionals, studio artists and more across the globe. It is open source software under constant development and that helps you to create amazing 3D animations completely free of cost.

Even though it requires a steep learning curve for the beginners and will take a time to get hold of it, if they manage to use even 50% of its functionalities it will produce extraordinary results. Blender offers a host of tools for lighting, modeling, animation and video post-conversion operation and many others. It also provides cross-platform functionality and works with a majority of the operating systems like Linux, Mac OS X and Window.

In order to achieve a smooth performance, its interface makes use of OpenGL. Since Blender is a community-based program licensed under GNU, any professional, video gamers, etc. can make big or small modifications to its code base. This causes the addition of new functionalities, receptive bug fixes, and improved handling.

Bryce

Bryce is not exactly a traditional animation software but rather works as a landscape generating a program which is hard to find in the genre. The quality of the suit is pretty good and the download is free of cost. It has really carved that niche in the Terragen department which is both uncomplicated and detailed as per your requirement based on your project level. It works perfectly with most of the other modeling programs in the category.

Bryce is a prize-winning, feature loaded and fun 3D animation and modeling package developed to enable new users to create and provide surprising 3D surroundings in minutes. It blends extraordinary capacity with an inventive interface that is exceptionally user-friendly. You can add special effects like people, wildlife characters, sceneries and more to your drawing using the DAZ Studio character component. You can add these effects over and above the landscape, rocks, water, clouds, vegetation, sky, fog and composition for which Bryce has been known since its inception.

The free version of Bryce offers limited features; however, the pro version offers unlimited functionalities. It is available to download for Mac and Windows for now.

Aurora 3D Animation Maker

One of the widely-used animation suites across the globe, Aurora 3D Animation Maker offers a wide range of features to develop ceaseless animated effects in your film. While you can insert some really cool special effects to your drawn images and films using its user-friendly interface, you can also add your own watermark or logos to your mages and videos with special effects.

Not just that, it also allows you to convert your text to a super 3D animation that accentuates your stuff while creating web pages or editing a video. You can also manage all the facets of your animation that includes the duration and the playback rate. Using Aurora 3D you can also apply some attractive effects like fireworks, snowfall, flames and more., or you can also implement motion effects like, Cubic, Quad, Linear, etc. to add movements like twists and bounce.

Once you are finished with your animation creation and you are all set to place it on your website, Aurora 3D gives you the choice to transport it to Flash (Windows), GIF or Video formats. Moreover, you can also create 3D video titles, super 3D logo animations or amazing 3D text with this program.

The software offers a free trial period so you can try many of its awesome features at no cost during that time frame.

DAZ Studio

Daz Studio is a compelling and 3D animation creator suite that is not just extremely user-friendly, but also comes packed with rich features and functionalities. Whether you are an amateur animator or a seasoned professional, DAZ Studio is just the right bet for you. It allows you to create a free account once you sign up. The design engine is as fast as light travels and boasts of a massive library that contains pre-developed component matter helping you to develop animations in a jiffy.

It comes with a wide range of new features that includes NVIDIA Iray that is a fresh photoreal render tool with analogous items to help create life like renders such as, HDR photo environment maps and a caustic sampler. It also comes with Bloom Filters, NVIDIA Iray Drawstyle that enables you to preview the finished animation inside a Viewport, NVIDIA Iray Uber Shader (a single shading tool that blends three different shaders), NVIDIA Material Definition Language (includes material properties like, surface color, reflection/refraction, emission of light, and volume diffusion and intake characteristics), Draw Settings Pane, Light Category Support and many more useful features.

Overall, it is a wonderful 3D animation software that may require a steep learning curve, but is extremely helpful for those professional projects and is available to download for Mac and Windows for free.

Clara.Io

Clara.io is a fully functional cloud-based software that helps you with 3D animation, modeling and rendering all for free. It is a web-based tool that does not require any plugins for your browser to function. Apart from featuring a great arrangement of polygonal modeling and skeletal animation, it also boasts of a user base of over 80,000 which form a solid community where people meet and discuss while they shop.

It offers modeling features like, sub-object editing, wide range of mesh instruments, subdivision surfaces, operators, etc. once you are done with your animation development, Clara helps you to import your files into over 30 3D formats such as, Collada, Blender, Babylons, STL, FBX, STEP and many more in the league.

Clara comes with a large library of photorealistic material that offers simple yet advanced materials with adjustable lighting setup in super-fast speed. It is a cross-platform tool that works with a majority of the browsers and OS that includes, Firefox, Chrome, Edge, Mac OS X, Linux, Android, iOS and Windows.

Its interface is easy to use with receptive work process where you can Undo, Redo, Drag, Drop files anywhere. Additionally, you can also customize, stretch, blend, and also develop Custom 3D viewers of your own. It allows you to even share your work easily suing galleries where it features a wide range of 3D models and also offers an interactive option with the help of jQuery. Moreover, Clara also allows editing by multiple users at the same time with a pre-user license.

The Best 3D Animation Software of 2017

noreply@blogger.com (DFQS) — Wed, 12 Apr 2017 19:53:00 +0000

3D animation is a beautiful medley of art and math, where numbers and colors collide to create alternate worlds so tangible that it has become hard to draw a line between where reality ends and make-believe takes flight. With an intuitive 3D animation software package at your fingertips, you can build characters, objects and landscapes to populate new worlds of your own. You can bring them to life as well with colors, textures and movement.

Although the technical skills required to master the best 3D animation software can be daunting, no other tools pack so much unbridled creative power. The best professional 3D animation maker and creator software packages are intuitive and easy to work with, even though the task is a complicated one.

There are many factors to consider when looking into a 3D animation software package. Most software provides plenty of attention to detail for professionals, while allowing room to grow for newcomers to 3D animation software. Autodesk's 3D software works well for beginners, as the company provides many tools to help you acclimate to the software. The Foundry's 3D animation software is a great system for those who already have a background in 3D animation.

Purchasing high-end 3D modeling software is a major investment, so you should be selective. Most 3D animation software packages share some basic modeling and animation tools, but their specialized toolsets are often diverse and unique. After you've climbed the learning curve the first time, you probably won't want to switch over to a different application, so choose wisely. For more information, check out our articles about 3D animation software.

Top 3D Animation Software

Autodesk offers Maya and 3ds Max software options. This software company has incredibly versatile options, and it is possible to use this as someone new to animation or as someone who has done it for a while. The tools in Autodesk are endless, including simulation tools and varying lighting options. Autodesk also has a lot of features geared toward creating video games, and it has the potential to create manga images. The company also includes a number of support options, including email and online forums. Autodesk's huge variety of editing options and compatibility with extensions make it software that can grow with your abilities.

Autodesk Visit Site

Autodesk

Autodesk's 3D animation software allows you to create characters, scenery and animations that are perfect for movies, games and broadcast television. This software's emphasis on customizable workflow and the many built-in features for creating lifelike characters make it a great 3D animation software option for both novices and pros.

Best Software for Rendering

Maxon 3D animation software is approachable but also intricate. This software is known for its fast rendering, and it also has great Photoshop-friendly capabilities. Maxon software is great for newcomers to 3D animation, but it still has the versatility to work for professional animators. You can choose the level on which you work and move up from there if you need more options. Overall, this is a user-friendly 3D animation option.

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Maxon

Maxon's 3D animation software is an approachable alternative to more intimidating packages. Known as Cinema 4D, this software is easier to learn than most, but it still possesses the depth required for professional use. The great toolset and approachability make it particularly relevant to graphic artists who have less familiarity with traditional 3D tools.

Best Software with Plugins

SideFX's software comes with extension capabilities to fulfill any needs you might have. You can integrate your own plugins, which makes this software flexible. The graphics in SideFX, known as Houdini, give you great options and precise control. This professional-grade program has some unique functions, such as the ability to build highly complex gas volumes. This 3D animation software might have a learning curve because of its many features and options, but you can always use the company's tutorials online to help you out.

SideFX Visit Site

SideFX

SideFX's flexible 3D animation software package is famous for its high-quality graphics pipeline. The software, known as Houdini, is fully capable of modeling, texturing, rigging and animating 3D models. You can create entire worlds of 3D content, or you can fuse your 3D creations into real-world footage. This software is often included in large-scale cinematic projects that require contributions from multiple applications, because it is an ideal tool to draw all these elements together into one place. It is also highly extensible, offering the creative latitude to do whatever you can imagine.

3D Animation Software: What to Look For

Most 3D animation software is powerful and intricate, which makes choosing between programs difficult. To help you decide which application is right for you, we have highlighted the most import aspects of the best 3D animation software packages: the features, user interface and software extensibility.

Modeling Features
There are multiple modeling styles, including polygon, subdivision and NURBS. Most 3D animation software packages specialize in the polygon and subdivision modeling methods, but the best packages offer NURBS as well. Polygon involves 2D shapes with connecting vertices to enclose the shape, while subdivision involves piecing together 3D shapes to create smooth surfaces. NURBS is a curve-based modeling technique that is ideal for building smooth, organic surfaces necessary for creating things like cars. You should also look for a soft-selection tool, which allows you to stretch and bend certain features on a model, for easy, accurate modeling.

You should select software that simulates a wide range of materials, like muscle, fur, hair, liquid and skin. These materials go a long way toward creating believable characters and settings for your animations. Having these features available within your application, without a cumbersome plugin, makes them much easier to apply to your models.

Animation Features
Your character models can really come to life in the animation stage of production if you have the right features at your disposal. You should look for software with support for multiple animation layers, allowing you to create complex animation with various motions happening at once. It is helpful to have the multiple animation layers with editable motion trails for customization of how your characters move and extra tracks for audio effects.

Intuitive User Interface
Those uninitiated to 3D modeling may find themselves lost in the ocean of features and tools before them. Unless you have prior experience, you should choose an application that is easy for anyone to understand. Intuitive placement of buttons and features allows you to find what you need without fighting through manuals. For professionals, it is helpful to have a customizable user interface. Creating a workspace that fits your unique workflow style can greatly increase your productivity.

Extensibility
3D animation software packages can do a lot, but they can't possibly cover everything you might want do. That is where extensibility comes into play. If your software can't do something you have in mind, you can extend it with plugins and scripts. This gives you the freedom to add functions and features to meet your specific needs.

World creation is extremely complex, and there are innumerable functions and toolsets you have to master, but it is doable. The best 3D animation software packages give you all the power you need to take those ideas out of your head and give them lives of their own. So go on and build. You are the creator of your world.

6 best animation programs for pc you must notice that

noreply@blogger.com (DFQS) — Mon, 26 Sep 2016 07:14:00 +0000

6. Modo

Mode is an ideal application for artists and designers to reduce the difference between computer graphics and photography of real life generated. It is perfect for users with technical knowledge, but also can help you to create animations without having any knowledge of code, but requires some time and practice to master. 501 mode also offers the advantage of being the cheapest program of our comparative ($ 995.00).

5. Houdini

Houdini is famous for its high-quality graphics. It offers advanced modeling, texturing, rigging and animation of 3D models. You can create entire worlds of 3D content, or you can merge 3D creations with real-world images. It is often included in major film projects that require contributions from multiple applications, as it is an ideal way to synthesize the content produced in other programs tool. Houdini is also very flexible, allowing you to create almost anything you can imagine, is particularly remarkable in the creation of clouds and gases. From $ 1,995.00

4. CINEMA 4D

MAXON CINEMA 4D is a more accessible than other software packages alternative because it is more simple to use and the price is cheaper. This program is easier to learn than most competitors, but still has the necessary features for professional use. The large set of tools and accessibility make it particularly relevant for graphic artists who are less familiar with traditional 3D tools. From $ 1610.25

Best animation software for pc Buy Now

3. Autodesk Softimage

Autodesk Softimage is ideal for professional use in television, film and video games development. The unique features and tools make it a worthy addition to any animation studio. Autodesk Softimage was king of 3D animation software for a long time, and although his popularity has fallen a bit and its competitors have won positions, remains one of the best options available for modelers and animators. This software is perfect for television, which requires rapid content production and have less budget movies. From $ 3,145.00

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2. Autodesk 3ds Max

Autodesk 3ds Max is one of the best options available today in the market. It is especially suitable for creating video games, but also works perfectly with movies, has many features and offers lot of extra plugins. Its price is about $ 3,675.00

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1. Autodesk Maya

The best 3D animation program for pc is our comparative Autodesk Maya has more features for modeling, color and animation than any other software package on the market. This software simulates more materials than any competitor, including liquid, cloth, leather, skin, hair and muscle. It excels in creating content for movies, but also works great for television and kitting. The only drawback is that it is more complicated to use than others and require more effort and time to master it also is quite expensive (3,675.00).

Best animation software for pc Buy Now

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The Constitution of the United States {US Constitution}

(Preamble)

Article I (Article 1 - Legislative)

Section 1

Section 2

Section 3

Section 4

Section 5

Section 6

Section 7

Section 8

Section 9

Section 10

Article II (Article 2 - Executive)

Section 1

Section 2

Section 3

Section 4

Article III (Article 3 - Judicial)

Section 1

Section 2

Section 3

Article IV (Article 4 - States' Relations)

Section 1

Section 2

Section 3

Section 4

Article V (Article 5 - Mode of Amendment)

Article VI (Article 6 - Prior Debts, National Supremacy, Oaths of Office)

Article VII (Article 7 - Ratification)

Letter of Transmittal

Letter of Transmittal to the President of Congress

Amendments to the Constitution

Congress OF THE United States

-

-

Article [I] (Amendment 1 - Freedom of expression and religion) 13

Article [II] (Amendment 2 - Bearing Arms)

Article [III] (Amendment 3 - Quartering Soldiers)

Article [IV] (Amendment 4 - Search and Seizure)

Article [V] (Amendment 5 - Rights of Persons)

Article [VI] (Amendment 6 - Rights of Accused in Criminal Prosecutions)

Article [VII] (Amendment 7 - Civil Trials)

Article [VIII] (Amendment 8 - Further Guarantees in Criminal Cases)

Article [IX] (Amendment 9 - Unenumerated Rights)

Article [X] (Amendment 10 - Reserved Powers)

[Article XI] (Amendment 11 - Suits Against States)

[Article XII] (Amendment 12 - Election of President)

Article XIII (Amendment 13 - Slavery and Involuntary Servitude)

Article XIV (Amendment 14 - Rights Guaranteed: Privileges and Immunities of Citizenship, Due Process, and Equal Protection)

Article XV (Amendment 15 - Rights of Citizens to Vote)

Article XVI (Amendment 16 - Income Tax)

[Article XVII] (Amendment 17 - Popular Election of Senators)

Article [XVIII] (Amendment 18 - Prohibition of Intoxicating Liquors)16

Article [XIX] (Amendment 19 - Women's Suffrage Rights)

Article [XX] (Amendment 20 - Terms of President, Vice President, Members of Congress: Presidential Vacancy)

Article [XXI] (Amendment 21 - Repeal of Eighteenth Amendment)

Amendment XXII (Amendment 22 - Presidential Tenure)

Amendment XXIII (Amendment 23 - Presidential Electors for the District of Columbia)

Amendment XXIV (Amendment 24 - Abolition of the Poll Tax Qualification in Federal Elections)

Amendment XXV affects 9 (Amendment 25 - Presidential Vacancy, Disability, and Inability)

Amendment XXVI (Amendment 26 - Reduction of Voting Age Qualification)

Amendment XXVII (Amendment 27 - Congressional Pay Limitation)

NOTES

Dates

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Vocabulary

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Article [I] (Amendment 1 - Freedom of expression and religion) ¹³

Article [XVIII] (Amendment 18 - Prohibition of Intoxicating Liquors)¹⁶

Amendment XXV ^affects 9 (Amendment 25 - Presidential Vacancy, Disability, and Inability)

Article [XVIII]¹⁶