Acne (Pimple) :Treatment, Home Remedies, Cure Acne, Acne Scars

Acne and Cosmetics

2009-04-10T06:07:00.000-07:00

What is Cosmetic Acne?
The development of different types of acne lesions like whiteheads, blackheads, small papules and inflamed pustules as a result of the application of cosmetics on different areas like cheeks, chin and forehead is termed as Cosmetic Acne.

How Does Cosmetic Causes Acne?
There are many factors responsible for the cause of acne. The use and the effect of cosmetics, makeup and other beauty products that are applied to the face, neck, hair and other parts of the body is one such factor responsible for the cause of acne. This is because these cosmetics contain vegetable oil and other chemical ingredients like lanolin, stearic acid, oleic acid, lauryl alcohol etc that can clog the pores, induce follicular irritation and produce more comedones. This ability of cosmetics to induce comedones is known as Comedogenicity. Certain greasy cosmetics may alter the follicular cells and make them stick together.
Several hair care products like shampoo, conditioner, hair oil etc do not easily get washed off. If any of these products trickle down to the face then they could block the pores which ultimately lead to acne breakouts.
Many body care products like soaps, body wash, exfoliating scrubs, lotions, greasy skin creams, body gels etc may not easily get washed off and so they remain on the skin’s surface which ultimately clog the pores and cause skin irritation.

How to Identify Acne Cosmetica?
Acne Cosmetica or the acne caused by cosmetics is a mild form of acne. This type of acne is identified by small, tiny and pink whiteheads clustering over the cheek, chin and forehead. It develops over a period of a few weeks or months and may persist for a long time. It does not result in scarring but it is uncomfortable like all other forms of acne.

Acne Causing Cosmetics:
Certain beauty products which cause cosmetic acne includes makeup, foundation, moisturizer, talcum powder, pomades, face pack, face wash, sunscreen lotions, tanning lotions, hair care products like shampoo, conditioner, hair gel, hair oil, body care products like soaps, body wash, exfoliating scrubs, heavy greasy skin creams, body gels etc.

Cosmetic Acne Skin Care Regimen:
Cosmetic acne skin care regimen is an essential and effective technique incorporated for cleaning the underneath skin before the application of cosmetics in order to prevent the occurrence of acne cosmetica. The different steps of a skin care regimen before and after the application of cosmetics are as follows:

Acne Skin Care Regimen before Applying Cosmetics:
Step 1: Before applying cosmetics, Wash your face with suitable face wash to remove oil and dirt. While washing do not scrub but just apply gentle massage to avoid scratching.
Step 2: Rinse your face with cold or lukewarm water as hot water may irritate your skin and open the pores.
Step 3: Apply appropriate cleanser and tonner by using wipes to clean the pores.
Step 4: Now apply the moisturizer with SPF to protect your skin from sun and to clear the skin from excessive oil.
Step 5: Use the oil free or non-comedogenic cosmetics with natural ingredients to prevent clogging your pores and leave the skin healthier.

Acne Skin Care Regimen after Applying Cosmetics:
Step 1: For those who regularly use makeup in their daily routine, it is very essential to remove makeup at nights before going to bed in order to prevent clogging and maintain a healthy and acne free skin.
Step 2: To remove makeup, cleanse your face with suitable face wash to remove all the traces of makeup.
Step 3: Do not scrub while washing to avoid scratching and skin irritation. Avoid over washing as it may lead to skin dryness.
Step 4: Rinse your face with cold or lukewarm water.
Step 5: Keep your hair and body clean to prevent acne breakouts.

Cosmetic Acne Treatment:
It is easier to treat cosmetic acne as compared to hormonal and hereditary acne. Important remedies for the treatment and prevention of cosmetic acne are as follows:
1) Always make a note of your skin’s reaction whenever you use any new cosmetic product. If you find the development of acne due to the use of this new cosmetic product then stop using that particular product and make a note of the changes on the skin.
2) Always use oil free cosmetics with natural ingredients to prevent acne breakouts. Always purchase non-comedogenic products while shopping for makeup or any other skin and hair care products.
3) Always follow the cosmetic acne skin care regimen before and after the application of cosmetics to maintain healthy skin.
4) Maintain a healthy and well-balanced diet with lots of fresh fruits and vegetables. Avoid eating junk and oily food.
5) Perform yoga and exercise on a regular basis.

Acne Vitamins:

2009-04-10T06:05:00.000-07:00

Several Acne Vitamins like vitamin A, B-Complex, C, D, E, K and minerals like zinc, chromium and selenium play an important role in maintaining healthy skin tissues. They also contribute in acne prevention and heeling acne faster. This is because these vitamins are powerful antioxidants that clear the pores by flushing toxins and free radicals outside the body. Some even have antibacterial properties which help in healing the damaged skin tissues by promoting immunity. Deficiency of these vitamins and minerals can cause acne. Thus, it is recommended to have 3-5 servings of different fruits and vegetables to obtain all essential vitamins and minerals for a healthy and acne free skin. Some facts about essential Acne Vitamins and Minerals are listed below.

1) Vitamin A:
Vitamin A is a fat soluble vitamin that exists in different forms. Vitamin A obtained from animal sources is called Retinol while its provitamin obtained from plant sources is called Beta-Carotene.

Dermatological Functions:
Vitamin A is important in maintaining healthy skin. It strengthens the protective tissue of the skin and mucus membrane. It prevents the formation of acne by reducing sebum production. 13-cis retinoic acid, a form of vitamin A is effectively used in the treatment of acne. Vitamin A being a powerful antioxidant helps to clear the pores by flushing toxins and free radicals outside the body.

Recommended Daily Intake of Vitamin A:
The above chart lists the RDA for different age groups. However, the recommended dosage of vitamin A in order to fight acne is 8,000 IU per day but if you are pregnant do not take more than 5000 IU per day.

Dietary Sources of Vitamin A:

The best plant sources of Vitamin A or carotene are yellow and dark green leafy vegetables and fruits like spinach, amaranth, broccoli, carrots, pumpkin, mango, papaya, apricots, yams etc. The best animal sources of vitamin A or retinol are liver, kidney, egg yolk, milk, butter, cheese, fish liver oils etc.

Deficiency Effects:
Deficiency of vitamin A makes the skin rough and dry. It leads to keratinization of skin tissues which can increase bacterial infection and ultimately leads to the formation of acne.

Overconsumption Effects:
High doses of Vitamin A can also cause pimples. The side effects include skin irritation, itchiness, dryness, redness and puffiness. It is also important to note that overconsumption of vitamin A can be dangerous during pregnancy.

2) B-Complex Vitamins:
Several water soluble B-complex Vitamins like Vitamin B1 (Thiamine), Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin), Vitamin B3 (Niacin), Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid) and Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) play an important role in maintaining healthy skin tone. They also contribute in the prevention of stress acne by reducing internal stressors like tension, anxiety, worry and anger since many studies proves stress as an important factor in aggravating and maintaining acne. It is also recommended to eat a variety of fruits and vegetables to obtain all the essential B-Complex Vitamins as these vitamins work together in a group. Some facts about essential B-Complex Vitamins are listed below.

I) Vitamin B1 (Thiamine):

Dermatological Functions:
Vitamin B1 is important for energy production and assists in proper digestion during the process of food metabolism. A proper balance of this vitamin helps the body in the absorption of other vitamins. It is also known to enhance the process of blood circulation. Vitamin B1 being a powerful antioxidant helps to clear the pores by flushing toxins and free radicals outside the body.

Recommended Daily Intake of Vitamin B1:
The recommended dosage of Thiamine in order to fight acne is 10 mg 3 times per day.

Dietary Sources of Thiamine:
The best sources of Vitamin B1 or Thiamine are yeast, cereals, pulses, brown rice, flax seeds, oil seeds, nuts, asparagus, cauliflower, potatoes, orange, pork, liver, eggs, milk etc.

Deficiency Effects:
Deficiency of Thiamine can lead to weakness, constipation and edema.

II) Vitamin B2 (Riboflavin):

Dermatological Functions:
Vitamin B2 is essential for the maintenance of healthy skin, hair and nails. It works along with B1 to improve and maintain the mucus membranes in the digestive tract and thus assists in proper digestion and energy production.

Recommended Daily Intake of Vitamin B2:
The recommended dosage of Riboflavin in order to fight acne is 10 mg 3 times per day.

Dietary Sources of Riboflavin:
The best sources of Riboflavin are milk and milk products, meat, eggs, liver, cereals, fruits, vegetables and fish.

Deficiency Effects:
Deficiency of Riboflavin can cause different types of Acne.

III) Vitamin B3 (Niacin):

Dermatological Functions:
Vitamin B3 is important for a healthy skin as it enhances the process of blood circulation. It helps in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins. It helps to flush the toxins out of the cell.

Recommended Daily Intake of Vitamin B3:
The recommended dosage of Niacin in order to fight acne is 100 mg 3 times per day.

Dietary Sources of Niacin:
The best sources of Niacin are liver, yeast, whole grains, cereals, pulses like beans and peanuts, milk, fish, eggs and vegetables.

Deficiency Effects:
Deficiency of Niacin can also cause different types of Acne.

IV) Vitamin B5 (Pantothenic Acid):

Dermatological Functions:

Vitamin B5 is popular for reducing stress and acne relief. It is also important for the proper functioning of the adrenal glands. It plays a vital role in the production of Coenzyme A which is important for the metabolism of skin oils.

Recommended Daily Intake of Vitamin B5:
The recommended dosage of Pantothenic acid in order to fight acne is 50 mg 3 times per day.

Dietary Sources of Pantothenic Acid:
The best sources of Pantothenic acid are egg, liver, meat, yeast, milk, fruits and vegetables.

Deficiency Effects:
Deficiency of Pantothenic acid can be a cause of stress acne and hormonal acne.

V) Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine):

Dermatological Functions:
Vitamin B6 is important in the metabolism of proteins, sugars and fatty acids. It is also important in maintaining a healthy immune system and producing antibodies.

Recommended Daily Intake of Vitamin B6:
The recommended dosage of Pyridoxine in order to fight acne is 50 mg 3 times per day.

Dietary Sources of Pyridoxine:
The best sources of Pyridoxine are egg yolk, fish, milk, meat, wheat, corn, cabbage, roots and tubers.

3) Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid):

Dermatological Functions:
Vitamin C is very important for growth and repair of skin tissues and thus directly helps in maintaining healthy skin. Vitamin C being an antioxidant protects against infection and enhances immunity. Along with bioflavonoids Vitamin C can have an antibacterial effect in fighting acne. It speeds up the absorption of certain minerals like iron and thus speeds up in the process of healing acne.

Recommended Daily Intake of Vitamin C:
The recommended dosage of vitamin c in order to fight acne is 300 mg 3 times per day but if you are suffering from diabetes it is recommended to consult the physician about the proper dosage of vitamin c.

Dietary Sources of Vitamin C:

The best sources of vitamin c are all citrus fruits like orange, gooseberry, guava, plum, Kiwi, lemon and green vegetables like cabbage, spinach, tomatoes and potatoes. Milk is a poor source of Vitamin C or Ascorbic acid.

Deficiency Effects:
Deficiency of vitamin c can increase the chance of a skin infection. It can also slow down the process of healing acne.

4) Vitamin E:
Vitamin E is a fat soluble vitamin that exists in 8 different forms.

Dermatological Functions:
Vitamin E is a naturally occurring antioxidant that enhances the acne healing process and tissue repair. It also protects the skin from being damaged by excess UV radiation. It prevents the cell damage by preventing the oxidation of polyunsaturated fats. It also protects the body from damage by free radicals.

Recommended Daily Intake of Vitamin E:
The recommended dosage of vitamin E in order to fight acne is 400 IU per day.

Dietary Sources of Vitamin E:
The best sources of vitamin E are wheat germ oil, cotton seed oil, peanut oil, corn oil, sunflower oil, meat, milk, butter and eggs.

5) Vitamin K:

Dermatological Functions:
Vitamin K is essential for the production of blood clotting factors and the repair of broken capillaries. It speeds up the healing process. It helps in repairing the skin that has been damaged by dryness or discoloration due to acne. It is very popular for its anti-aging ability to remove fine lines, spider veins and dark circles under the eyes.

Recommended Daily Intake of Vitamin K:

Dietary Sources of Vitamin K:
The best sources of vitamin k are green leafy vegetables like spinach, cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, tomatoes and alfa alfa. It is also present in egg yolk, meat, liver, cheese and other dairy products.

Deficiency Effects:
The persons with the deficiency of vitamin k would take a longer time to repair the skin that is damaged due to acne. Another visible deficiency effects are spider veins and dark circles under the eyes.

Overconsumption Effects:
High doses of vitamin K produce hemolytic anemia due to increased breakdown of RBC.

6) Zinc:
Dermatological Functions:
Zinc prevents acne by regulating the activity of sebum production by sebaceous glands. Zinc promotes a healthy immune system, helps in wound healing and prevents scarring. It is also an antioxidant which helps to clear the pores by flushing toxins and free radicals outside the body.

Recommended Daily Intake of Zinc:
The recommended dosage of Zinc in order to fight acne is 20 mg per day.

Dietary Sources of Zinc:
The best sources of zinc are oysters, liver, beef, wheat, cheese, shrimp, egg, milk and fruits

Deficiency Effects:
The deficiency of zinc can be one of the causes of formation of varied types of acne.

Overconsumption Effects:
High doses of zinc can cause severe stomach pains as zinc is a heavy metal.

7) Chromium:
Dermatological Functions:
Chromium fights against acne by reducing skin infections.

Recommended Daily Intake of Chromium:
The recommended dosage of chromium in order to fight acne is 150 mcg per day.

Dietary Sources of Chromium:
Chromium is not easily absorbed from food sources and moreover high quantities of sugar in the diet causes a loss of chromium from the body. Thus, in order to get adequate amount of chromium in the diet, it should be taken in the supplemental form called as chromium picolinate or chromium polyicotinate.

8) Selenium:
Selenium aids skin elasticity and helps in acne relief by diminishing skin inflammation. It is an antioxidant that inhibits the oxidation of fats and protects vitamin E. Selenium is required in trace amounts by the body. Generally selenium deficiency is not seen in healthy individuals but high doses of selenium of about 400 mg/day are highly toxic.

Stress and Acne

2009-01-06T01:10:00.000-08:00

There has been a long debate about stress acne or whether stress cause acne until last couple of years. But recently many clinical studies proved that stress is an important factor in aggravation and maintenance of acne.
Nowadays 85% of the people from different age groups suffer from internal stressors like tension, anxiety, fear, anger, worry, depression and a variety of other internalized emotions. These internal emotions induce adrenal glands to secrete various stress hormones into the blood stream. These hormones stimulate the sebaceous glands to produce excess oil or sebum. The excess sebum would block the follicular pore. As a result of accumulation of sebum and dead cells, bacteria like Propionibacterium acne starts growing as they obtain sufficient food in the form of sebum. Thus due to the accumulation of sebum, dead cells and bacteria (pus) there is a formation of patch or comedo which is the first step of formation of acne lesion called as Pimple. Thus stress worsens acne.

How Does Stress Cause Acne:
There are two ways by which stress causes worsening of acne as follows.
1) Stress Stimulates Adrenal Glands:
The Adrenal glands are a part of the hormone regulating system called as the Endocrine System. Various internal emotions like stress, tension, anger, worry etc induces the adrenal glands located above the kidneys to overproduce various stress hormones like cortisol, GH, nor epinephrine and a male hormone Androgen. These hormones (mainly Androgen) activate the sebaceous glands to secrete more sebum, which ultimately leads to the formation of acne. This process is referred as a Stress Breakout.

Stress not only leads to the flare up of acne but it can worsen the overall skin condition. Also people who suffer from stress acne generally gets more inflamed, pus filled papules rather than simple whiteheads or blackheads.

2) Stress Slows Down the Acne Healing Process:
It has also been discovered that psychological stress and other internal emotions can decrease the natural acne healing capacity of the immune system up to 40%. As a result of this factor there is a double impact of stress on acne.

Stress Worsens Teen Acne:
Researchers proved that the teenagers who were under high level of stress were 23% more likely to suffer from severe acne outbreaks. It has been studied that students suffer from severe acne at the time of stressful period like Exams. This is because in stressful period, the hormones are secreted which activates the sebaceous glands to secrete more oil on the skin. Thus there are more stress acne outbreaks during exams among teenagers

Stress Causes Cystic Acne:
Some of the German researchers recently found that there exists a possible relationship between stress and cystic acne, as well as other skin disorders. They found that in stressful condition a particular part of the brain called Hypothalamus release a stress hormone called corticotrophin releasing hormone (CRH) in the sebaceous gland. These glands are known to produce both CRH and CRH receptors. Thus, when the CRH receptors in the sebaceous glands come in contact with extra CRH, it induces sebum production which ultimately results in exacerbation of acne. Thus stress is an important factor in the initiation, maintenance and aggravation of acne.

Stress Acne Control:
There are many ways by which you can relieve stress and acne as follows:
1) Healthy Diet:
A balanced diet is essential for physical, emotional and psychological well-being. Several vitamins especially vitamin B is essential for mental health. Deficiency of vitamin B leads to depression, lack of concentration, laziness and tiredness. Stress mainly arises when you are mentally unhealthy, depressed and deprived of nutrients. Thus it is very essential to include fresh fruits and vegetables in your diet instead of junk and oily food to avoid stress acne. Never take caffeine or alcohol to relieve from your stress.

2) Physical Exercise:
Regular physical exercise like walking, jogging, cycling, swimming etc is one of the easiest and most effective ways to release stress.

It is because when you exercise, your body begins to release chemicals called Endorphins. Endorphins make you feel good as they are natural pain-killer and are effective in combating stress.

3) Mental Relaxation:
Mental relaxation is another good way to reduce stress and thus improve the health of the skin.

Mental relaxation can be achieved in several ways like meditation, yoga, aromatherapy, massage, by taking 8 hours of sleep, smiling, bathing or by doing whatever that makes you feel happy and calm.

4) Positive Attitude:
Always try to maintain positive attitude and keep yourself away from negative thoughts.

Acne and Heredity

2009-01-06T01:09:00.000-08:00

What is Heredity?

The biological process of transmission of genetic characteristics from parents to their offspring is termed as Heredity

Causes of Hereditary Acne:
There are several factors responsible for the cause of acne in different individuals like hormonal imbalance, stress, activation of oil glands, vitamin deficiency, bacterial infection, uncleanliness, harmful pollutants etc. Heredity is one more important factor responsible for the cause of acne.

As we all know that there are several characteristics inherited from parents to their offspring like color of skin, eyes and hair, looks, height etc. By carrying out research in the field of genetics, scientist proved that Just as these above characters are inherited from parents, there are several other characters or genes responsible for hereditary acne may also be transmitted from parents to their offspring like quantity of oil production, size of oil glands, sensitivity of oil glands towards androgens, reaction of immune system towards propionibacterium acne etc.

This means that if any one or both of your parents had or still have acne, you are even more likely to have hereditary acne outbreaks than those whose parents do not have acne. Thus the above study confirms that acne can also occur due to hereditary factors.

How to Identify Hereditary Acne?
In the studies conducted by a number of scientists, links have been found between those presently suffering from acne and the presence of acne in their family history. Family history of acne is associated with earlier occurrence of acne and especially cystic acne. It was also found that people suffering from hereditary acne usually develop acne and acne scar in the same place as their family members have. The acne and acne scar occurred due to hereditary acne takes a longer period to heel.

Acne Genetics:
Researchers have recently discovered that certain genes are highly expressed in the skin lesions of patients with acne. This finding helps more to understand how acne develops, and it may help identify targets for effectively treating the disease.

It is also found that identical twins also tend to share acne problems just like they share looks because they got their acne genes from their parents. Thus, it was concluded that acne has strong ties with genetics.

However the research is still ongoing, there is no doubt the research will continue to yield new results and perhaps, deeper genetic causes might be discovered.

Genes Responsible for Hereditary Acne:
In order to understand the specific genes involved in inflammatory acne, scientist performed gene expression profiling in different acne sufferers. The result shows that there is a distinct pattern of gene expression in inflammatory acne lesions as compared to acne free skin in the same acne patient. The complete analysis of gene expression profiles revealed that 211 genes were up regulated and 18 genes were down regulated in inflammatory acne lesions. Different genes involved in inflammatory processes are chemokines, antimicrobial peptides, apoptosis-inducing proteins and intestinal collagenases.

The figure shows the hierarchical clustering of genes involved in inflammatory lesions from six patients with skin taken from the site of acne lesion and from corresponding site of a normal skin from the same patient. Each row represents a gene labeled with gene name while each column represents the patient sample. The color in each cell identifies the level of expression of the corresponding gene in the corresponding sample, relative to its mean level of expression in the entire set of patient’s sample. Expression levels greater than mean are shaded in red and below the mean are shaded in blue.

Sebum:

2008-11-06T02:25:00.000-08:00

What is Sebum?
Sebum is an oily substance produced and secreted on the surface of the skin by the sebaceous glands in the skin of mammals.

Function of the Sebum:
1) When sebum reaches the skin surface through the follicular canal it mixes with other lipids and sweats and forms a coating on the skin called as Acid Mantle. Acid mantle protects the skin against bacterial and fungal infections.
2) Sebum lubricates the skin to protect against friction and controls moisture loss from the epidermis.

Composition of Sebum:

The above chart helps us to compare the composition of sebum in different species. The variation in the relative quantity of sebum in different species is due to the origin of the sebaceous glands. The human sebum is composed of
1) 12% Squalene
2) 03% Sterol Esters
3) 25% Wax Esters
4) 41% Triglycerides
5) 16% Free Fatty Acids
6) 01% Free Fatty Alcohol
7) 02% Unidentified Components

The above diagram shows the relative composition of human sebum when analyzed by Gas Chromatography. When sebum is secreted on the surface of the skin, it primarily consists of Triglycerides and Esters, which are broken down by microbes into Diglycerides, Monoglycerides, and the constituent Free Fatty Acids. Human sebum contains both saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, with a preponderance of unsaturates.

Quantity of Sebum Production:

Sebum is continuously produced by the sebaceous glands. The quantity of Sebum production depends upon the structure, activity and distribution of the sebaceous glands in the dermis. These glands are bigger, larger and more numerous on the face and the upper back. Hence, the quantity of sebum produced is more on the face in comparison to the other body parts.

Factors Affecting the Quantity of Sebum Production:
1) Age:
Sebum secretion is very high at birth and decreases during pre-puberty. Then it suddenly increases at the time of puberty due to the activation of sex hormones. Sebum production decreases with age in both men and women. In women, sebum reduces substantially after menopause. Adult females produce less sebum than men.
2) Hormonal Factors:
Sebaceous secretion depends upon the hormonal levels. During puberty the fluctuation in the Androgen hormone level leads to excessive secretion of sebum which results in the imperfection and changes of the skin from normal to oily. This is the main reason that 90% of the teenagers suffer from acne during adolescence.
3) Nervous State:
Mental stress and lack of sleep can increase sebum production.
4) Pollution and Chemical Aggressions:
Atmospheric pollutions and chemical agents like detergents can also increase the production of sebum.
5) Heat and Humidity:
A high degree of humidity combined with high temperatures favous a greater production of sebum.

Sebum and Acne:

Sebum is one of the main cause of acne. The sebaceous glands secretes sebum that drains into the follicular duct and eventually on the surface of the skin. The excessive production of sebum blocks the follicular pores. Due to the accumulation of sebum bacteria like Propionibacterium acne starts growing and hence leads to the formation of different types of acne. By reducing sebum production, acne can be treated. Sebum production can be controlled by various medicines - mainly vitamin A derivatives and birth control pills.

Sebum and Skin Odor:
Sebum itself is odorless but its bacterial disintegration produces odor. That is why if you keep your skin clean of bacteria with anti-bacterial soaps you can avoid body odor.

Sebaceous glands:

2008-10-07T06:16:00.000-07:00

Sebaceous glands plays an important role in the formation of acne hence it is important to understand the structure and function of this gland. Sebaceous glands are small, sac-shaped oil-producing glands present in the dermis layer of the skin in mammals. These glands are also called Holocrine Glands because the secretion (i.e. sebum) of these glands is formed by the complete destruction of the cells. These glands are found over the entire surface of the body except the palms, soles, and dorsum of the feet. They are highly concentrated on the face and the scalp where they are the sites of origin of acne.

Sebaceous glands are also found in non-haired areas (glabrous skin) of eyelids, penis, labia minor and the nipples. Here, the sebum traverses ducts which terminate in sweat pores on the surface of the skin. Pores on an average ranges in size from 50 to 80 μm.

The inner surface of the lip and the buccal surface of the cheek also contain ectopic sebaceous glands commonly known as Fordyce’s spots or Fordyce granules. These occur as yellowish circular dots that form clusters. Eighty percent of the population shows the presence of Fordyce granules.

Specialized form of sebaceous glands is present at the rim of the eyelids called as Meibomian glands. They secrete sebum into the tears coating the eyes to slow evaporation.

Function of Sebaceous glands:
The main function of sebaceous gland is to secrete an oily substance called as sebum. The human sebum is composed of 41% triglycerides, 16% free fatty acids, 25% wax esters and cholesterol, 12% squalene. Sebum lubricates the skin to protect against friction and controls moisture loss from the epidermis. The sebum also protects against fungal and bacterial infections of the skin due to its contents of free fatty acids.
The sebaceous glands are usually attached to the hair follicles and secrete sebum that drains into the follicular duct and eventually on the surface of the skin. The structure consisting of hair, hair follicle, erector pili muscles, and sebaceous gland is known as a pilosebaceous unit. The excess production of sebum blocks the follicular pores. Due to the accumulation of sebum bacteria like Propionibacterium acne starts growing and hence leads to the formation of different types of acne. The production of sebum is under hormonal control, specifically androgen during adolescence which varies from person to person but the secretion of sebum is a continuous process.

Popping Pimples:

2008-10-03T04:23:00.000-07:00

People suffering from acne have a common habit of Popping Pimples especially white heads and black heads in order to get rid of acne faster when it appears in ugly forms on the face. But every dermatologist and beautician advice never to squeeze a pimple but let our body naturally heels a pimple. This is because Popping a Pimple with wrong techniques can lead to negative results like permanent scar formation and new pimple formation that are difficult to remove.

The main reason is when we incorrectly squeeze a pimple the bacteria present into the pores and sebum can easily spread to the adjacent areas of the face or it can probably enters deep into the open pores and thus leading the skin area to become even redder and inflamed with bigger spots. Also never try to squeeze an undeveloped pimple as it may lead to open hole on the face that are difficult to treat.

However Popping Pimples with right techniques can actually be beneficial to the healing process. Following are the steps to pop a pimple properly in order to prevent from unwanted scarring:

Steps or Techniques for Popping Pimples:
Step 1 Wash your Hands:
Form a habit of washing your hands with some antibacterial soap before popping a pimple in order to minimize the risk of spreading germs in the fresh would or pimple. It is also very important to make sure that your hands and all the other objects in contact with the skin are sterile, disinfected and bacteria free before squeezing a pimple.

Step 2 Wash and Steam your Face:
Wash your face with some antibacterial cleanser. Make a note that the cleanser is pure, gentle, hypoallergenic, non-comedogenic and alcohol free. Then shower your face with warm water in order to dissolve oil, remove dust and kill bacteria on the surface of the skin.

Now steam your face for approximately 10-15 minutes in order to remove oil, bacteria and debris imbedded into your skin. Steaming also widens the clogged pores and softens the skin and thus makes the process of popping of pimples easy.

Step 3 Use gauze pads and Disinfected Needle:
After you clean your hands and face, wrap a gauze pad around your index fingers to keep the pimple as clean as possible. Never use the tip of your nails as it can damage the skin and can cause intense irritation.

Also use a sharp, sterile and disinfected needle to minimize the risk of bacterial infection.

Gently prick the top center of the pus filled pimple with the needle. Do not try to puncture a pimple that has no pus formation which means that the pimple has not yet developed completely.

Step 4 Squeeze a Pimple to Release the Pus:
Apply gentle pressure by squeezing your fingers from both side of a pimple in order to remove the pus. Never try to squeeze pus forcefully or violently as it can lead to serious scarring. Try to squeeze pus in one direction – from interior to exterior and not reverse.

Wipe the pus with sterile cotton balls. Wait for 10 seconds and repeat the squeezing process until you start to see a clear fluid or blood emerging. This is how squeezing can escalate infection. Stop squeezing immediately if blood comes out instead of pus because it is a sign that you have reached a blood vessel.

Step 5 Wash your Face and Apply a Healing Agent:
Wash your face with antibacterial cleanser. Now apply a drop of benzoyl-peroxide to a small piece of gauze pad and cover it on popped zit in order to dry the open wound, kill any bacteria inside, shrink enlarged pores and prevent formation of red spots. Rubbing ice cube can also help to shrink the enlarged pores.

Requirements for Popping Pimples:
Please make a note that you have all the below mentioned items before popping a pimple.
1) Antibacterial Soap
2) Pure, gentle, non-comedogenic face cleanser
3) Warm Water or Steamer
4) Clean Napkin or Paper Towel
5) Sterile Gauze pads
6) Disinfected Needle
7) Sterile Cotton Balls or Swabs
8) Healing agent – benzoyl peroxide
9) Bandages (optional)
10) Ice cube (optional)

Never Pop Cystic Lesions:
Never try to pop deep, painful, hard acne cysts. But the best option is to see a dermatologist to treat these types of lesions. Doctors administer a cortisone injection which will reduce the swelling and scarring.

Acne Diet

2008-10-03T04:12:00.001-07:00

Acne Diet or the role of diet in the development of acne has been a controversial topic since a very long time. However research carried out in this field provide links between certain food and acne. As an acne sufferer it is a process of trial and error. However there are some acne diet guidelines that may be useful to cure acne.

Foods to Avoid:
In order to completely clear your acne it is very essential to avoid certain food stuff. At the same time it is also essential to find out that eating of which particular food has resulted in flare up of acne. And accordingly avoid that particular food. Here is the list of foods to avoid for heeling your acne.

1) Avoid Eating Junk Food:
Junk Food is a high calorie food that tastes better but unhealthy and with no nutritional values. Junk Food lacks in essential Vitamins, Minerals, Amino Acids and Fibers. Junk Food contains high levels of Refined Sugar, Processed White Flour, Trans or Hydrogenated Fats, Saturated Fats, Sodium/Salt, additives such as artificial sweetner, preservatives and coloring agents which give a good platform for acne to flourish. Here is the list of junk food items that you should avoid.

i) Junk Food with high Amount of Refined Sugar and Processed Flour:
Avoid foods with high amount of refined sugar and processed flour like sweets, sugar donuts, pastry, cookies, pies, desserts, ice-cream, brownie, chocolates, puddings, fruit drinks, cold drinks, white bread, biscuits, pizza, burger, pasta, baked goods etc.

Moreover, high level of sugar produces a high glycemic load which cause high rise in blood insulin levels. Chronologically high levels of insulin lead to blockage in the skin pores and extra oil building under the skin and thus promote Acne. Thus it is better to use Stevia, a natural sweetener rather than sugar.

ii) Junk Food with high Amount of Trans and Saturated Fats:
Avoid food with high amount of Trans and Saturated fats like French fries, potato chips, cheese burger and pizza, candy bars, fried and spicy foods, oily food, ready to eat packed foods, Punjabi sabji, muffins etc.

This food contains a high amount of oil, salt and sugar. Also the Trans and saturated fats in this food stimulate the sebaceous glands to produce more sebum. Excess sebum production would block the pores and thus promotes Acne.

2) Reduce sources of Vitamin B12 especially Milk and Milk Products:
Sources of vitamin B12 like milk and milk products, egg, poultry, fish and read meat shows the presence of saturated fats which promotes excess oil production and thus aggravates acne. Some studies proves that the worst cause of acne is pregnant cow’s milk and dairy products like pasteurized milk, cream, butter, cheese, yogurt(curd), buttermilk, margarine, goat’s milk etc. This is because nearly about 75-80% of the milk and milk products are derived from the pregnant cows. The milk of these pregnant cows contains a high amount of natural hormones like progesterone and 5-alpha reduced steroids. On milk consumption these hormones break down into dihydrotestesterone (DHT) which activates the sebaceous glands to produce more sebum. The excess sebum gets clogged inside the follicles and thus blocks the pores. Bacteria start growing into the pores and thus form a patch or comedo which is the first step of acne lesion called as pimple. Milk also contains high levels of iodine which is another reason to avoid excess of dairy consumption in order to get rid of acne.

3) Avoid Allergic Food:
Food Allergy is one of the main causes of Acne. When the immune system of the body mistakenly recognizes certain harmless food as foreign antigens then it carries out various toxic reactions to fight against that food. Thus eating of a particular food causes allergic reaction is known as Food Allergy.
There are many foods which can cause food allergy in individuals like dairy products, eggs, fish, wheat, peanuts etc. It has also been pointed out that overcooked food can also causes acne problems as it delays the process of digestion that causes toxicity. Skin reaction is the most common types of allergy reactions. Skin reaction can take the form of itchy, red, bumpy rashes, eczema, or redness and swelling around the mouth or face. It is also important to note that a particular food allergy in one person may not affect someone else at all. Thus, trial and error method is the only way to determine food allergy.

4) Reduce excess intake of tea and coffee:
It is better to reduce or avoid higher intake of tea and coffee as it can promote acne in some individuals. This is because tea and coffee specifically contains caffeine, milk and sugar and these constituents present in tea and coffee secretes a high amount of hormones in some individuals. And as we know high hormone production causes acne. Thus, it is better to drink herbal tea and coffee (Caffeine free) and sweeten it with Stevia.

4) Reduce Vitamin E supplements:
Research has also shown that high doses of vitamin E supplements can promote acne. Thus, when you are suffering from acne it is better to stop taking high supplements of this vitamin and check the results.

5) Reduce intake of Nuts:
Reduce the intake of nuts including Brazil nuts, walnuts, almonds, pistachios, and filberts. Peanuts and peanut butter may provoke acne in some individuals. It is better to eat nuts in a small amount and eat raw nuts.

Acne Foods to include in diet:
Having a regular and balanced diet or healthy food can to a great extent solve Acne problems. Here is the list of acne foods to include in diet in order to improve and clear your acne.

1) Drink plenty of water:
Drink two glasses or 1 liter of lukewarm water in the morning immediately after you brush or an hour before you take your breakfast. This therapy would help you to eliminate all the toxins from your body and is referred to as Water Therapy. Also drink at least 6 to 8 glasses of water throughout the day especially in the beginning stages of acne development. Once you pass this initial stage you will see a major improvement in the skin.

2) Increase the amount of fruits and vegetables in your diet:
Try and have 4-5 servings of vegetables and one serving of fruit in a day. Eat as many vegetables and fruits as you wish, preferably organic.

Eat a wide variety of fruits, not just the few that most American eats. The combination of fish and vegetables is likely to be the healthiest meal for those with acne. Always take salad along with your food. Salad is a good source of fiber and keeps you away from constipation which could lead to excessive toxin release and thus clears acne.

3) Include pulses in your diet:
Try to include at least one variety of pulses in your every day meal. This is because pulses and beans are very good source of proteins and fibers and are considered to have a low glycemic index.

One reason for the success of this low glycemic acne diet is that it limited the rise in high insulin levels which in turn prevent the blockages in skin pores and thus clears acne.

4) Increase fish intake to obtain essential fatty acids:
Increase intake of a variety of fish like halibut, salmon, tuna, sardines etc. These contain important omega 3 oils such as EPA and DHA. They will make a difference in the health of your skin.

Eating more fish is one of the most important dietary steps you can take to improve your skin. Salmon eggs or fish eggs are also known to improve the health of skin since they provide many long chained fatty acids which are anti-inflammatory. And as acne is an inflammatory process it is better to eat foods that reduce inflammation. Try to Intake flaxseed or hempseed oil or fish oil capsules if your intake of fish is less than twice a week.

Acne Vitamins:
Vitamin A and Zinc have helped with acne. In addition Green Tea could also be incorporated into the diet (as it leads to a decrease in androgen production).
High levels of iodine in the diet do impact some acne sufferers - by causing new outbreaks of acne lesions. Note that very salty (iodized salt) foods such as chips etc, contain high levels of iodine and should be avoided.

Taking some measures can help you to cure and prevent acne. This can also help you to have acne free skin. It is suggested to consult a specialist if you are facing severe acne like cystic. There is no need to worry as there are many treatment, medicine and products available in the market to cure acne orpimples.

Acne Hormones:

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Hormones like Androgens (male hormones) and Estrogen (female hormones) plays an important role in the cause of Acne. Acne is generally caused due to two main reasons as follows:

1) Imbalance of Hormones:
Hormones are responsible for the maturation of the sebaceous glands in our skin. At some stages of our life like Puberty, Menstruation, Pregnancy and Menopause the hormones can become unbalanced due to some reasons. This hormone imbalance leads to a negative impact on the oil glands. This hormonal imbalance stimulates the sebaceous glands for the over production of oil. The surplus oil would block the follicles. Due to the accumulation of sebum and the dead cells surrounding the hair follicle the bacteria like Propionibacterium acnes starts growing as they obtain sufficient food in the form of sebum. Thus, as a result of the accumulation of sebum, dead cells and bacteria (pus) there is a formation of patch (comedo) which is the first step of formation of acne lesion called as Pimple. Thus, it is important to keep the hormones in perfect balance.

2) Over production of Hormones:
over production of hormones called Androgens and Testosterone can also stimulates the sebaceous glands on acne prone areas of the body to produce more oil and as a result the bacteria grows, which results in clogging of the pore, and leads to pimples.
Hormonal acne is seen mostly in women due to the natural cycles a woman goes through, such as Menstruation, Pregnancy and Menopause. Thus hormones are one of the reasons why many women suffer from Acne before the onset of Menstruation cycle.

Acne Bacteria

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A bacterium, known as Propionibacterium acne, is referred to as acne causing Bacteria. This bacterium is a normal flora of the human skin and it is a part of the skin’s natural maintenance system.

Propionibacterium acne on its own do not cause acne infection. But when the hair follicle is clogged by oil, this acne causing bacteria multiplies and increases in number. The presence of bacteria in large number in the clogged follicle attracts white blood cells. These white blood cells produce an enzyme that damages the follicular wall. Thus the contents of the follicle enter into the dermis. This process causes an inflammatory response seen as papule, pustule, nodules and cyst.

Propionibacterium acne also produces chemicals that alters the composition of sebum and break down into free fatty acids resulting in damage, irritation and inflammation in the deeper parts of the skin.

Several acne treatments are available to fight against these bacteria and reduce inflammation and skin irritation by decreasing oil production and cleansing the pores.

Acne Diagnosis:

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Acne diagnosis is all about identifying the particular type of acne and analyzing the causes of acne. Mild acne can be easily self -diagnosed on the basis of the appearance and the position of acne lesions. Acne lesions are most commonly found in the areas with higher no. of sebaceous glands, which include the face, neck, chest, upper arms, and back. But if you are not sure that what you are experiencing is acne or if there is severe acne then it is advised to see the dermatologist. Acne is diagnosed on the basis of history and simple visual inspection by the doctor. There is no test for acne.

Classification of Acne levels:
When the dermatologist diagnoses acne they classify it into four levels. They microscopically analyze the types of comedones present, the amount of inflammation, pus formation, breakout severity and the area infected by the acne. The four different levels of acne are classified as follows:

1) Level 1:- The mildest form of acne:
The skin of the infected person shows the presence of fewer closed comedones (white heads) and open comedones (Black heads) and some minor pimples. There is no inflammation and no pus formation. This form of acne can be easily treated.

2) Level2:- The moderate form of acne:
The skin of the infected person shows the presence of greater number of blackheads and whiteheads. There is no inflammation but Papules and pustules (pus formed lesions) are found. This form of acne can be treated but if there is no improvement after five to six weeks then it necessary to consult a doctor.

3) Level3:- Moderate to severe form of acne:
The skin shows large no of blackheads and whiteheads. Numerous amount of papules and pustules are found with greater amount of redness and inflammation on the skin. Nodules are often found.

4) Level4:- The most severe form of acne:
The skin displays numerous amount of blackheads and whiteheads. Large patches of pustules, nodules and cysts are found with greater amount of redness, inflammation and pain. There is a greater chance of reinfection. This level of acne is also called as cystic acne, must be treated by a dermatologist as quickly as possible.

Severe forms of Acne:

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Acne vulgaris is the most common acne that infects majority of the people mostly teenagers. But there are several other severe forms of acne. These severe forms of acne are not only painful but also cause a great deal of stress, embarrassment and psychological effects on the sufferer. Moreover, with quick diagnosis by dermatologist these acne types can be treated successfully in a short time. The different severe forms of acne are as follows:

1) Acne rosacea:

Acne rosacea is a severe and chronic skin disorder that affects parts of the face including cheeks, nose, forehead and chin. It is mostly seen to affect people above 30 years of age. It look similar to Acne vulgaris. The main symptoms are redness along with bumps, pimples and skin blemishes. It causes swelling of the nose and growth of excess tissue. If such a symptom arises then it is very necessary to consult a dermatologist as urgent as possible.

2) Acne conglobata:

Acne conglobata is the most severe form of acne vulgaris and is more common in males. It occurs on the face, neck, chest, upper arms and back. It affects people above the age of 20 years. It is characterized by deep and large highly inflamed lesions which are interconnected along with widespread blackheads. It causes severe damage to the skin tissue along with scarring. It is necessary to consult a dermatologist as soon as possible and start the treatment.

3) Acne fulminans:

Acne fulminans is rare and most severe form of Acne conglobata affecting young man. It appears suddenly with nodulocystic and inflamed acne characterized by fever and joint pain. Extreme, disfiguring scarring is another common symptom. Acne fulminans does not responds to antibiotics and hence oral steroids are prescribed to the sufferer.

4) Gram Negative Folliculitis:

Gram negative folliculitis is an infection of hair follicles that is caused by Gram negative bacteria like Escherischia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa etc when the patients suffering from severe acne are treated with excess of tetracycline antibiotics. The symptom is characterized by extensive pus filled pustules on the skin. It can be treated with isotretinoin.

Causes of Acne

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Millions of people around the world suffer from different types of acne. There are several treatments available to cure these varied forms of acne. But before treating acne let’s study the causes of acne. The exact cause of acne is not yet discovered but doctors believe that acne lesions are caused due to the combination of two or several related factors like Overproduction of Sebum, Bacteria, Hormonal Imbalance, Stress, Diet, Nutritional Deficiency, Drugs, Cosmetics, Hair Dandruff, Constipation, Blood Toxins, Lack of Personal Hygiene and Environmental Factors. Let us discuss the above factors in detail.
1) Activation of Sebaceous Glands:
The primary factor responsible for the cause of acne is the activation of oil secreting glands called as sebaceous glands. Several factors like hormones, stress etc stimulates these glands which surround the hair follicle to produce excess sebum or oil. The overproduction of oil would block the follicular pore. This blockage leads to accumulation of sebum and dead cells inside the pores. The accumulated oil stimulates the bacteria to multiply which in turn cause inflammation in the surrounding tissues. This inflammation produces whiteheads and pustule while deeper inflammation can result in a papule, nodule or cyst.
2) Hormones:
The hormones like Androgen (male hormone) and Estrogen (female hormone) play an important role in the maturation and activation of sebaceous glands. Acne is caused due to imbalance or overproduction of these hormones at some stages of life like puberty, Menstruation, Pregnancy, and Menopause. This hormonal imbalance stimulates the sebaceous glands for the overproduction of oil and as a result the bacteria grow and leads to a formation of patch called pimple. Thus, hormones are responsible for the onset of teen acne during puberty, the formation of acne 2-7 days before the onset of menstruation cycle and the development of acne during pregnancy or starting or stopping birth control pills. However, the hormones shows a variable effect on acne during pregnancy because some women report that they clear up completely while others gets worse acne and some shows no overall changes.
3) Stress:
It is believed that internal stressors like tension, anxiety, fear, anger, worry, depression and physical stress can induce the adrenal glands for the overproduction of stress hormones mainly Androgen. These hormones stimulate the sebaceous glands to produce more sebum, which ultimately leads to formation of acne. Stress can also slow down the acne healing process. Stress can also worsens teen acne and causes cystic acne.
4) Heredity:
Research carried out in the field of genetics proved that several genes responsible for hereditary acne may be transmitted from parents to their offspring and thus leads to the formation of hereditary acne outbreaks of the same type and in the same place as their family members have. Thus, acne has strong ties with genetics.
5) Diet:
The role of diet in the development of acne has been a controversial topic since a very long time. However, research proves that in order to completely clear your acne it is very important to avoid certain food stuff and faulty food habits.
Foods to avoid:
1) Avoid junk food with high amount of refined sugar and processed flour like sweets, pastry, cookies, ice-cream, chocolates, cold drinks, pizza, burger etc
2) Avoid junk food with high amount of Trans and saturated fats like French fries, cheese burger, pickle, spicy and oily food, Punjabi sabji, packed foods etc
3) Reduce sources of vitamin B12 especially milk and milk products like butter, cheese, buttermilk, margarine etc
4) Avoid allergic food
5) Reduce excess intake of tea and coffee
6) Reduce intake of nuts
Avoid Faulty Food Habits:
1) Do not consume food at short intervals
2) Do not fast when hungry and do not eat when not hungry
3) Do not consume incompatible and opposite foods like salt, sour fruits, curd, meat, fish and mushrooms with milk, honey and sprouts
4) Do not consume foods which lead to indigestion and constipation
5) Do not exercise after heavy meals.
6) Vitamin Deficiency:
Several vitamins like vitamin A, B-Complex, C, D, E and zinc play an important role in heeling acne fast. This is because these vitamins are powerful antioxidants that clear the pores by flushing toxins and free radicals outside the body. Some vitamins have antibacterial properties which help in healing the damaged skin tissues by promoting immunity. Thus, it is recommended to have 3-5 servings of different fruits and vegetables to obtain all essential vitamins and minerals.

Types of Acne:

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Mild to severe forms of Acne appears on the skin. The different types of Acne Vulgaris infection that appears on the skin is characterized by the specific lesions as follows:

1) White Heads:

White Head is a non-inflammatory type of acne lesion. It is medically called as Closed Comedo. The basic acne lesion called as comedo is an enlarged and plugged hair follicle which contains trapped sebum, bacteria, and dead skin cells. When this comedo is completely blocked, the contents of the comedo stays beneath the skin surface and produces white bump called a Whitehead as it looks white on the skin's surface. Whiteheads have a shorter life span than blackheads. View complete infomation on how to treat white heads.

2) Black Heads:

Black Head is a non-inflammatory type of acne lesion. It is medically called as Open Comedo. The basic acne lesion called as comedo is an enlarged and plugged hair follicle which contains trapped sebum, bacteria, and dead skin cells. When this comedo is partially blocked, the contents of the comedo slowly drain and reach the surface of the skin and opens up which is called a Blackhead as it looks black on the skin's surface. The black color that appears is not caused by dirt but it is due to the oxidation of skin's pigment, Melanin with oxygen in the air. Blackhead is a firmer structure and takes a very long time to clear as the contents drains very slowly to the surface of the skin. View complete information on how to treat Black heads.

3) Papule:

A papule is an inflamed lesion that appears as small, red, tender bumps without head. It does not contain pus which distinguishes them from pustules. Papules occur due to the breakage in the follicle wall and thus allowing the bacteria to enter in the dermis. It is important to avoid squeezing of the papule as it leads to scarring. View complete information on how to treat Papule.

4) Pustule:

A pustule is an inflamed lesion that appears as pus filled white or yellowish center surrounded by a red base. Sometimes the pus head shows the brown comedonal core cap on the top. The pustule ranges in size from small to fairly large. Do not prick a pustule but if it’s harassing you then just read steps of how to squeeze a pimple before you prick it. View complete information on how to treat Pustule.

5) Nodule:

A nodule is a severe form of acne lesion. Nodules are large, hard, solid, painful inflamed bumps that occur deep within the skin. Nodule lesion lasts for a long time. Scarring is common. A nodule occurs when the follicle wall ruptures deep within the dermis. The bacteria and other debris flows out in the dermis and infect the adjoining follicles. Never squeeze such a lesion because by doing so it may rupture more follicles and the lesion may take a longer time to clear than it normally requires. View complete information on how to treat Nodules.

6) Cyst:

A Cyst is the most severe form of acne lesion that is similar in appearance to a nodule. Cysts are pus filled large, highly painful inflamed bumps with a diameter of 2 inches that occur deep within the skin. Cystic lesion lasts for a long time. It carries the biggest treat of Scarring. A cyst occurs when the follicle wall ruptures deep within the dermis and the pus burst into the skin tissue. The body’s immune system sends white blood cells to the site of infection to fight against the bacteria which results in swelling and pain. Never squeeze such a lesion because by doing so the cyst can cause a deeper and painful infection. View complete information on how to treat Cyst.

Acne Picture:

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What is Acne/Pimple?

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Hi, I am here to guide you to completely get rid of acne problems. Let me explain you the basics of Acne Vulgaris through the above skin diagram. Well, the normal human skin is composed of two layers - the upper epidermis and the inner dermis layer. The dermis consists of sweat glands, pilosebaceous units (includes sebaceous gland and hair follicle). The hair follicles extend from the dermis to the outer surface of the skin through pores. The sebaceous glands (oil secreting glands) which surrounds the hair follicle secretes oily substance called sebum (oil) to the surface of the skin through pores.
The excessive production of sebum blocks the hair follicles. Due to the accumulation of sebum and the dead cells surrounding the hair follicle, the bacteria like Propionibacterium acnes starts growing as they obtain sufficient food in the form of sebum. Thus, as a result of the accumulation of sebum, dead cells and bacteria (pus) there is a formation of patch (comedo) which is the first step of formation of Acne Lesion called as Pimple. Acne infection usually occurs in the region with high no. of sebaceous units like Face, Neck, Chest, Back, shoulders and Upper arms.
Studies shows that 80% of world's population is infected by acne during adolescence (age between 13-19 years). The main reason for this is that during teen age sebaceous gland develops and starts secreting sebum (oil). Moreover acne can also be seen during pregnancy, old age and in infant.
Acne can be mild or harsh depending upon the type of infection. Inflammatory acne infection may leads to scarring which in turn leads to depression.