How to design your web site

The first stage in building your site is deciding, what do you want the Website to Do? So before you begin make sure you ask yourself these questions.

1. Why do I want a website?
2. Will I need to update the site frequently?
3. Will I use the website to attract new visitors?
4. How much am I prepared to pay?
5. Will I be doing it myself?

Once you have a general idea of what you want from your website you can then move on to the second stage of deciding do it yourself or Have someone do it for you or a mixture of the two. Then you have to chosen design method, generally they classified into two types, they are static and dynamic.

Static ones are HTML or more commonly Today HTML/CSS. These sites are very easy to build (There are many templates available) and are simply edited using a web page editor, and are supported on all hosts.

Dynamic Ones use some form of server-side technology and database or is it just a couple of HTML pages only. If your website needs a database and some server-side scripting to process the data sent from users of your website then you have to choose the server-side technology and database.

The main options are as follows.
Java – Servlets, JSP and probably some framework also.
ASP.NET
PHP

Database can be anything you want. There is no hard and fast rule about database. You can use any database of your choice. Price and features are to be considered. If you need a moderate database then any database management system like Oracle, MS SQL Server and MySQL would do. They are given in the order of price, Oracle being the costliest.

Once you complete design and development of the website and tested it on your local environment, it is ready to be hosted and made available to the world.

How to Register a Domain Name

Deciding on a domain name is a very important part of the process as this name will be what everyone types into their browser to locate your Web site. The domain name could also become part of your city’s identity on business cards, stationery, etc. When I wanted to create a website for myself(Narendra Padala), I went for domain name narusoft.co.in. If you are lucky, you get the name of your choice. In case you don’t get the name you want then probably you have to add any suffix or prefix. For example, it is onlinesbi.com for State bank of India.

Reserving a domain name is easy and very cost friendly. The cost per domain name per annum starts at Rs.350/-. There are various offers by resellers. Check out the following links for that. These websites allow you to check the availability of domain name with different extensions. They also generally provide hosting facility, in case you want it.

http://nare204389.supersite.myorderbox.com/index.php
http://www.bookandhost.com/
http://www.networksolutions.com
http://www.domainsforyou.net
http://www.getwebdomains.com

How to Host a website

Hosting the website is the process of making your website available to everyone in the world. You broadly have two options.
1. Host it on your own.
2. Host it on hosting company’s server.

Host it on your own server is a costly affair as you have to buy server and other infrastructure to run your server 24×7. You also need people (administrators) to manage your server 24×7. Your server is to be connected to Internet with its own IP address and with good band width.

Generally for startups it is ideal to host your website on somebody else’s server. There are a lot of companies offering hosting services like windows hosting, Linux hosting etc. You can choose the one in your local market. Or it could be anyone with good track record and quality service.

There are lots of companies providing hosting services. The price also depends on the technology you used and other services such as email that you need.

Generally hosting PHP based website with MySQL is the cheapest. Next comes Java with MySQL and then ASP.NET with MS Sql Server.

When you take hosting services for your website, you are given an FTP (File Transfer Protocol) account, which allows you to access your area (a folder) in the server. You have to use one of the FTP tools to log on to server with your account details and transfer your files from your system to host. There are a lot of FTP clients that you can use to upload files from your system to server. I have used many of them. I found File Zilla free and simple to use.

How you transfer your database depends on the database you are using. For example, in case of MySQL, you can use Import/Export tool provided by MySQL or create tables in the MySQL database using PhpMyAdmin. It all depends on your database product.

How to maintain a web site

Generally no website is created once and used forever. So, you need to add new content to your website from time to time. That is done by website owner. You need to upload new content to host from your system using FTP account whenever you need to change the content of the website.

If you are hosting your website on your own server then changing content in your server is equivalent to changing the website.

This isn’t going to give you that wonderful, relaxing reading room I talked about up above. Have a good concept and want to build a website?

Keep Learning …Narendra Padala

The PHP Hypertext Preprocessor is a programming language that allows web developers to create dynamic content that interacts with databases. PHP is basically used for developing web based software applications.

2.What Is a Session?

A session is a logical object created by the PHP engine to allow you to preserve data across subsequent HTTP requests.

There is only one session object available to your PHP scripts at any time. Data saved to the session by a script can be retrieved by the same script or another script when requested from the same visitor.

Sessions are commonly used to store temporary data to allow multiple PHP pages to offer a complete functional transaction for the same visitor.

3.What is meant by PEAR in php?

Answer1:
PEAR is the next revolution in PHP. This repository is bringing higher level programming to PHP. PEAR is a framework and distribution system for reusable PHP components. It eases installation by bringing an automated wizard, and packing the strength and experience of PHP users into a nicely organised OOP library. PEAR also provides a command-line interface that can be used to automatically install “packages”

Answer2:
PEAR is short for “PHP Extension and Application Repository” and is pronounced just like the fruit. The purpose of PEAR is to provide:
A structured library of open-sourced code for PHP users
A system for code distribution and package maintenance
A standard style for code written in PHP
The PHP Foundation Classes (PFC),
The PHP Extension Community Library (PECL),
A web site, mailing lists and download mirrors to support the PHP/PEAR community
PEAR is a community-driven project with the PEAR Group as the governing body. The project has been founded by Stig S. Bakken in 1999 and quite a lot of people have joined the project since then.

4.How can we know the number of days between two given dates using PHP?

Simple arithmetic:

$date1 = date(’Y-m-d’);
$date2 = ‘2006-07-01′;
$days = (strtotime() - strtotime()) / (60 * 60 * 24);
echo “Number of days since ‘2006-07-01′: $days”;

How can we repair a MySQL table?

The syntex for repairing a mysql table is:

REPAIR TABLE tablename
REPAIR TABLE tablename QUICK
REPAIR TABLE tablename EXTENDED

This command will repair the table specified.
If QUICK is given, MySQL will do a repair of only the index tree.
If EXTENDED is given, it will create index row by row.

5.What is the difference between $message and $$message?

Anwser 1:
$message is a simple variable whereas $$message is a reference variable. Example:
$user = ‘bob’

is equivalent to

$holder = ‘user’;
$$holder = ‘bob’;

Anwser 2:
They are both variables. But $message is a variable with a fixed name. $$message is a variable who’s name is stored in $message. For example, if $message contains “var”, $$message is the same as $var.

6.What Is a Persistent Cookie?

A persistent cookie is a cookie which is stored in a cookie file permanently on the browser’s computer. By default, cookies are created as temporary cookies which stored only in the browser’s memory. When the browser is closed, temporary cookies will be erased. You should decide when to use temporary cookies and when to use persistent cookies based on their differences:
*Temporary cookies can not be used for tracking long-term information.
*Persistent cookies can be used for tracking long-term information.
*Temporary cookies are safer because no programs other than the browser can access them.
*Persistent cookies are less secure because users can open cookie files see the cookie values.

7.What does a special set of tags do in PHP?

The output is displayed directly to the browser.

8.How do you define a constant?

Via define() directive, like define (”MYCONSTANT”, 100);

9.What are the differences between require and include, include_once?

Anwser 1:
require_once() and include_once() are both the functions to include and evaluate the specified file only once. If the specified file is included previous to the present call occurrence, it will not be done again.

But require() and include() will do it as many times they are asked to do.

Anwser 2:
The include_once() statement includes and evaluates the specified file during the execution of the script. This is a behavior similar to the include() statement, with the only difference being that if the code from a file has already been included, it will not be included again. The major difference between include() and require() is that in failure include() produces a warning message whereas require() produces a fatal errors.

Anwser 3:
All three are used to an include file into the current page.
If the file is not present, require(), calls a fatal error, while in include() does not.
The include_once() statement includes and evaluates the specified file during the execution of the script. This is a behavior similar to the include() statement, with the only difference being that if the code from a file has already been included, it will not be included again. It des not call a fatal error if file not exists. require_once() does the same as include_once(), but it calls a fatal error if file not exists.

Anwser 4:
File will not be included more than once. If we want to include a file once only and further calling of the file will be ignored then we have to use the PHP function include_once(). This will prevent problems with function redefinitions, variable value reassignments, etc.

10.What is meant by urlencode and urldecode?

Anwser 1:
urlencode() returns the URL encoded version of the given string. URL coding converts special characters into % signs followed by two hex digits. For example: urlencode(”10.00%”) will return “10%2E00%25″. URL encoded strings are safe to be used as part of URLs.
urldecode() returns the URL decoded version of the given string.

Anwser 2:
string urlencode(str) - Returns the URL encoded version of the input string. String values to be used in URL query string need to be URL encoded. In the URL encoded version:

Alphanumeric characters are maintained as is.
Space characters are converted to “+” characters.
Other non-alphanumeric characters are converted “%” followed by two hex digits representing the converted character.

string urldecode(str) - Returns the original string of the input URL encoded string.

For example:

$discount =”10.00%”;
$url = “http://domain.com/submit.php?disc=”.urlencode($discount);
echo $url;

You will get http://domain.com/submit.php?disc=10%2E00%25

11.How To Get the Uploaded File Information in the Receiving Script?

Once the Web server received the uploaded file, it will call the PHP script specified in the form action attribute to process them. This receiving PHP script can get the uploaded file information through the predefined array called $_FILES. Uploaded file information is organized in $_FILES as a two-dimensional array as:
$_FILES[$fieldName]['name'] - The Original file name on the browser system.
$_FILES[$fieldName]['type'] - The file type determined by the browser.
$_FILES[$fieldName]['size'] - The Number of bytes of the file content.
$_FILES[$fieldName]['tmp_name'] - The temporary filename of the file in which the uploaded file was stored on the server.
$_FILES[$fieldName]['error'] - The error code associated with this file upload.

The $fieldName is the name used in the <"INPUT TYPE=FILE, NAME=fieldName">.

12.What is the difference between mysql_fetch_object and mysql_fetch_array?

MySQL fetch object will collect first single matching record where mysql_fetch_array will collect all matching records from the table in an array

13.How can I execute a PHP script using command line?

Just run the PHP CLI (Command Line Interface) program and provide the PHP script file name as the command line argument. For example, “php myScript.php”, assuming “php” is the command to invoke the CLI program.
Be aware that if your PHP script was written for the Web CGI interface, it may not execute properly in command line environment.

14.I am trying to assign a variable the value of 0123, but it keeps coming up with a different number, what’s the problem?

PHP Interpreter treats numbers beginning with 0 as octal. Look at the similar PHP interview questions for more numeric problems.

15.Would I use print “$a dollars” or “{$a} dollars” to print out the amount of dollars in this example?

In this example it wouldn’t matter, since the variable is all by itself, but if you were to print something like “{$a},000,000 mln dollars”, then you definitely need to use the braces.

16.What are the different tables present in MySQL? Which type of table is generated when we are creating a table in the following syntax: create table employee(eno int(2),ename varchar(10))?

Total 5 types of tables we can create
1. MyISAM
2. Heap
3. Merge
4. INNO DB
5. ISAM
MyISAM is the default storage engine as of MySQL 3.23. When you fire the above create query MySQL will create a MyISAM table.

17.How To Create a Table?

If you want to create a table, you can run the CREATE TABLE statement as shown in the following sample script:

include “mysql_connection.php”;

$sql = “CREATE TABLE Tech_links (”
. ” id INTEGER NOT NULL”
. “, url VARCHAR(80) NOT NULL”
. “, notes VARCHAR(1024)”
. “, counts INTEGER”
. “, time TIMESTAMP DEFAULT sysdate()”
. “)”;
if (mysql_query($sql, $con)) {
print(”Table Tech_links created.\n”);
} else {
print(”Table creation failed.\n”);
}

mysql_close($con);
?>

Remember that mysql_query() returns TRUE/FALSE on CREATE statements. If you run this script, you will get something like this:
Table Tech_links created.

18.How can we encrypt the username and password using PHP?

Answer1
You can encrypt a password with the following Mysql>SET PASSWORD=PASSWORD(”Password”);

Answer2
You can use the MySQL PASSWORD() function to encrypt username and password. For example,
INSERT into user (password, …) VALUES (PASSWORD($password”)), …);
19.How do you pass a variable by value?

Just like in C++, put an ampersand in front of it, like $a = &$b

What is the functionality of the functions STRSTR() and STRISTR()?

string strstr ( string haystack, string needle ) returns part of haystack string from the first occurrence of needle to the end of haystack. This function is case-sensitive.

stristr() is idential to strstr() except that it is case insensitive.

20.When are you supposed to use endif to end the conditional statement?

When the original if was followed by : and then the code block without braces.

21.How can we send mail using JavaScript?

No. There is no way to send emails directly using JavaScript.

But you can use JavaScript to execute a client side email program send the email using the “mailto” code. Here is an example:

function myfunction(form)
{
tdata=document.myform.tbox1.value;
location=”mailto: mailid@domain.com?subject=…”;
return true;
}

22.What is the functionality of the function strstr and stristr?

strstr() returns part of a given string from the first occurrence of a given substring to the end of the string. For example: strstr(” user@example.com”,”@”) will return “@example.com”.
stristr() is idential to strstr() except that it is case insensitive.

23.What is the difference between ereg_replace() and eregi_replace()?
eregi_replace() function is identical to ereg_replace() except that it ignores case distinction when matching alphabetic characters.

24.How do I find out the number of parameters passed into function9. ?

func_num_args() function returns the number of parameters passed in.

25.What is the purpose of the following files having extensions: frm, myd, and myi? What these files contain?

In MySQL, the default table type is MyISAM.
Each MyISAM table is stored on disk in three files. The files have names that begin with the table name and have an extension to indicate the file type.

The ‘.frm’ file stores the table definition.
The data file has a ‘.MYD’ (MYData) extension.
The index file has a ‘.MYI’ (MYIndex) extension,

26.If the variable $a is equal to 5 and variable $b is equal to character a, what’s the value of $$b?

100, it’s a reference to existing variable.

27.Are objects passed by value or by reference?
Everything is passed by value.
28.What are the differences between DROP a table and TRUNCATE a table?

DROP TABLE table_name - This will delete the table and its data.

TRUNCATE TABLE table_name - This will delete the data of the table, but not the table definition.

29.How do you call a constructor for a parent class?

parent::constructor($value)

30.WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ERRORS IN PHP?

Here are three basic types of runtime errors in PHP:

1. Notices: These are trivial, non-critical errors that PHP encounters while executing a script - for example, accessing a variable that has not yet been defined. By default, such errors are not displayed to the user at all - although you can change this default behavior.

2. Warnings: These are more serious errors - for example, attempting to include() a file which does not exist. By default, these errors are displayed to the user, but they do not result in script termination.

3. Fatal errors: These are critical errors - for example, instantiating an object of a non-existent class, or calling a non-existent function. These errors cause the immediate termination of the script, and PHP’s default behavior is to display them to the user when they take place.

Internally, these variations are represented by twelve different error types

31.What’s the special meaning of __sleep and __wakeup?
__sleep returns the array of all the variables than need to be saved, while __wakeup retrieves them.

32.How can we submit a form without a submit button?

If you don’t want to use the Submit button to submit a form, you can use normal hyper links to submit a form. But you need to use some JavaScript code in the URL of the link. For example:

< "a href="javascript: document.myform.submit();" ">Submit Me
33.Why doesn’t the following code print the newline properly?

Because inside the single quotes the \n character is not interpreted as newline, just as a sequence of two characters - \ and n.

34.Would you initialize your strings with single quotes or double quotes?

Since the data inside the single-quoted string is not parsed for variable substitution, it’s always a better idea speed-wise to initialize a string with single quotes, unless you specifically need variable substitution.

35.How can we extract string ‘abc.com ‘ from a string http:// info@abc.com using regular expression of php?

We can use the preg_match() function with “/.*@(.*)$/” as
the regular expression pattern. For example:
preg_match(”/.*@(.*)$/”,”http:// info@abc.com”,$data);
echo $data[1];

36.What are the differences between GET and POST methods in form submitting, give the case where we can use GET and we can use POST methods?

Anwser 1:

When we submit a form, which has the GET method it displays pair of name/value used in the form at the address bar of the browser preceded by url. Post method doesn’t display these values.

Anwser 2:

When you want to send short or small data, not containing ASCII characters, then you can use GET” Method. But for long data sending, say more then 100 character you can use POST method.
Once most important difference is when you are sending the form with GET method. You can see the output which you are sending in the address bar. Whereas if you send the form with POST” method then user can not see that information.

Anwser 3:

37.What are “GET” and “POST”?

GET and POST are methods used to send data to the server: With the GET method, the browser appends the data onto the URL. With the Post method, the data is sent as “standard input.”

Major Difference

In simple words, in POST method data is sent by standard input (nothing shown in URL when posting while in GET method data is sent through query string.

Ex: Assume we are logging in with username and password.

GET: we are submitting a form to login.php, when we do submit or similar action, values are sent through visible query string (notice ./login.php?username=…&password=… as URL when executing the script login.php) and is retrieved by login.php by $_GET['username'] and $_GET['password'].

POST: we are submitting a form to login.php, when we do submit or similar action, values are sent through invisible standard input (notice ./login.php) and is retrieved by login.php by $_POST['username'] and $_POST['password'].

POST is assumed more secure and we can send lot more data than that of GET method is limited (they say Internet Explorer can take care of maximum 2083 character as a query string).

Anwser 4:

In the get method the data made available to the action page ( where data is received ) by the URL so data can be seen in the address bar. Not advisable if you are sending login info like password etc. In the post method the data will be available as data blocks and not as query string in case of get method.

Anwser 5:

When we submit a form, which has the GET method it pass value in the form of query string (set of name/value pair) and display along with URL. With GET we can a small data submit from the form (a set of 255 character) whereas Post method doesn’t display value with URL. It passes value in the form of Object and we can submit large data from the form.

Anwser 6:

On the server side, the main difference between GET and POST is where the submitted is stored. The $_GET array stores data submitted by the GET method. The $_POST array stores data submitted by the POST method.
On the browser side, the difference is that data submitted by the GET method will be displayed in the browser’s address field. Data submitted by the POST method will not be displayed anywhere on the browser.
GET method is mostly used for submitting a small amount and less sensitive data. POST method is mostly used for submitting a large amount or sensitive data.

38.What is the difference between the functions unlink and unset?

unlink() is a function for file system handling. It will simply delete the file in context.

unset() is a function for variable management. It will make a variable undefined.

39.How come the code works, but doesn’t for two-dimensional array of mine?

Any time you have an array with more than one dimension, complex parsing syntax is required. print “Contents: {$arr[1][2]}” would’ve worked.

40.How can we register the variables into a session?

session_register($session_var);

$_SESSION['var'] = ‘value’;

41.What is the difference between characters \023 and \x23?
The first one is octal 23, the second is hex 23.

42.With a heredoc syntax, do I get variable substitution inside the heredoc contents?
Yes.

43.How can we submit form without a submit button?

We can use a simple JavaScript code linked to an event trigger of any form field. In the JavaScript code, we can call the document.form.submit() function to submit the form. For example:

<"input type=button value="Save" onClick="document.form.submit()"">

44.How can we create a database using PHP and mysql?

We can create MySQL database with the use of mysql_create_db($databaseName) to create a database.

45.How many ways we can retrieve the date in result set of mysql using php?
As individual objects so single record or as a set or arrays.

46.Can we use include (”abc.php”) two times in a php page “makeit.php”?
Yes.
47.For printing out strings, there are echo, print and printf. Explain the differences.
echo is the most primitive of them, and just outputs the contents following the construct to the screen. print is also a construct (so parentheses are optional when calling it), but it returns TRUE on successful output and FALSE if it was unable to print out the string. However, you can pass multiple parameters to echo, like:

and it will output the string “Welcome to techpreparations!” print does not take multiple parameters. It is also generally argued that echo is faster, but usually the speed advantage is negligible, and might not be there for future versions of PHP. printf is a function, not a construct, and allows such advantages as formatted output, but it’s the slowest way to print out data out of echo, print and printf.
48.I am writing an application in PHP that outputs a printable version of driving directions. It contains some long sentences, and I am a neat freak, and would like to make sure that no line exceeds 50 characters. How do I accomplish that with PHP?
On large strings that need to be formatted according to some length specifications, use wordwrap() or chunk_split().

49.What’s the output of the ucwords function in this example?
$formatted = ucwords(”TECHPREPARATIONS IS COLLECTION OF INTERVIEW QUESTIONS”);
print $formatted;
What will be printed is TECHPREPARATIONS IS COLLECTION OF INTERVIEW QUESTIONS.
ucwords() makes every first letter of every word capital, but it does not lower-case anything else. To avoid this, and get a properly formatted string, it’s worth using strtolower() first.

49.What’s the difference between htmlentities() and htmlspecialchars()?
htmlspecialchars only takes care of <, >, single quote ‘, double quote ” and ampersand. htmlentities translates all occurrences of character sequences that have different meaning in HTML.
50.How can we extract string “abc.com” from a string “mailto: info@abc.com?subject=Feedback” using regular expression of PHP?
$text = “mailto: info@abc.com?subject=Feedback”;
preg_match(’|.*@([^?]*)|’, $text, $output);
echo $output[1];
Note that the second index of $output, $output[1], gives the match, not the first one, $output[0].
51.So if md5() generates the most secure hash, why would you ever use the less secure crc32() and sha1()?
Crypto usage in PHP is simple, but that doesn’t mean it’s free. First off, depending on the data that you’re encrypting, you might have reasons to store a 32-bit value in the database instead of the 160-bit value to save on space. Second, the more secure the crypto is, the longer is the computation time to deliver the hash value. A high volume site might be significantly slowed down, if frequent md5() generation is required.
52.How can we destroy the session, how can we unset the variable of a session?
session_unregister() - Unregister a global variable from the current session
session_unset() - Free all session variables
53.Sorting functions in PHP:
asort()
arsort()
ksort()
krsort()
uksort()
sort()
natsort()
rsort()
54.How can we know the count/number of elements of an array?
2 ways:
a) sizeof($array) - This function is an alias of count()
b) count($urarray) - This function returns the number of elements in an array.
Interestingly if you just pass a simple var instead of an array, count() will return 1.
55.How many ways we can pass the variable through the navigation between the pages?
At least 3 ways:
1. Put the variable into session in the first page, and get it back from session in the next page.
2. Put the variable into cookie in the first page, and get it back from the cookie in the next page.
3. Put the variable into a hidden form field, and get it back from the form in the next page.

56.Who is the father of PHP and explain the changes in PHP versions?
Rasmus Lerdorf is known as the father of PHP.PHP/FI 2.0 is an early and no longer supported version of PHP. PHP 3
is the successor to PHP/FI 2.0 and is a lot nicer. PHP 4 is the current
generation of PHP, which uses the
Zend engine
under the
hood. PHP 5 uses
Zend engine 2 which,
among other things, offers many additionalOOP features

Some of the techniques I will tell you about here are techniques that I have personally gotten great results with. SEO optimization is something that is frequently changing but if you learn at least the basics you won’t go wrong.

Document type defination (DTD) is also known as Doctype, doctype informs the browser how to interpret the content of the page. If the doctype is not declared, the browser assumes you don’t know how to code, and goes into quirks mode. If you know what you are doing and include a correct HTML doctype, your page will be rendered in standards mode.

Using Valid HTML and CSS code.

Validate your html and css code and make your code w3c standard.

Validate your html code here

http://validator.w3.org

Validate your css code here

http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator

Title - Make sure your title is TO THE POINT. However, you also want the title to be appealing. Be sure to get your main keyword in there without adding too many “stop” words such as “the, as, only” etc. but also make sure it’s appealing to the viewer. The title is what will influence your potential viewers in the Search Engine Result Pages (SERPS.)

Use H1 and H2 tags with your main and secondary keywords. Most SE’s give a lot of weight to words that are wrapped in these tags.

Search Engine Optimization (SEO) means you are optimizing your website in order to gain top SE placement. This means link building, placing relevant, fresh content on your pages and inserting the correct META tags etc

The phrase “keyword saturation” refers to the number of times your keyword shows up on any given page. Each page on your site should have a different main keyword. You need to use this main keyword in the content of the page you are creating but do not get too carried away

Use underline, bold, strong and italics tags on each pages keywords. This SEO tip is one that has proven to be very valuable.

Copy, A minimum of 200 words of copy is suggested for each web page. In order to spider a site a search engine must have sufficient copy to spider. Less does not necessarily mean more, when it comes to search engine ranking. In general try to keep copy “above the fold”, so that visitors don’t have to scroll. Copy above the fold is usually sufficient to determine the context of the webpage.

Describe your images with the use of the alt tag. This will help search engines that index images to find your pages and will also help readers who use text only web browsers.

Add an HTML sitemap to your site. Sitemaps are an import part of SEO optimization because they give the search engines a ‘hub’ where their spiders can find all of your pages through one single page.

Make your web site load fast.

Don’t mess up your site with heavy images that makes your site heavy and slow, try to optimize images that reduce weight and helps to load fast.

Conclusion

However, in this post we’ve provided you with enough basic tips to get started optimizing both yours and your client’s website. And also you have to try to learn Gateway pages, doorway pages and little bit of SEO algorithms.

Keep Learning …..Narendra Padala

We are standing in the line for darasanam, the line should be separated  ladies and gents for checking purpose. They are prohibited cameras and cell phones in to the temple,so we have to submitted our  mobiles to the security and pay the 5 rupees for each mobile and collect at last. Then we are enter into the temple. A Mahalakshmi temple called ‘Sripuram’ and made of more than a tonne of pure gold will glitter and gleam under the sun on August 24 when it is unveiled for consecration by the Sri Narayani Peetam headed by a 31-year-old godman who calls himself Narayani Amma, The temple maintained very well but in that I found one thing I am not able to agree this thing in the temple surroundings all the Nararyani photos are more compare to the goddess Mahalakshmi ,A temple very nice the compound wall like star shape inside the temple compound one artificial pond is their people believed if they throw any thing like gold bangles, credit cards money in to the pond we will get back double. After the completion of my darasanam we get the prasadam we are all surprised about prasadam why because we are all Andhra people the prasadam is sambar rice. We never take that type prasadam in Andhra but its Tamil people culture I respect Tamil culture.

More photos Click

Afternoon we went to the Vellore fort, It was built in 16th century by Sinna Bommi Nayak, a vasal chieftain under the Vijayanagar kings,Sada Sriranga Maharaja. It is constructed of granite blocks and surrounded by a moat which is supplied by a subterranean drain fed from a tank. Later, it became the fortress of Mortaza Ali, the brother-in-law of Chanda Sahib who claimed the Arcot throne, and was taken by the Adil Shah sultans of Bijapur. In 1676, it passed briefly into the hands of the Marathas until they, in turn, were displaced by the nawab, Daud Khan, of Delhi in 1708. The British occupied the fort in 1760, following the fall of Srirangapatnam and the death of Tipu Sultant. I have get this information from the net.

We are entered into the jalakandeswara temple it is situated inside the fort is famous for its magnificient architecture.built by the vijayanagar kings in 16th century it is the abode of lord siva. The temple is at a lower level from surroundings and has granita outer walls and massive doors with iron lotuses fixed on it. Inside the temple we are enjoyed a lot my friend manohar done good comedy in we are enjoyed a lot,

Me manohar and nages we are all round trip on the compound wall of the fort at night we reached home very late here I am providing the link for my trip Vellore fort and Sripuram Golden temple photo graphs…. For photos click here…

ASP.NET is the technology to build web applications using .NET. It is integrated into .NET. ASP.NET engine is responsible for processing .aspx file.

2. Do I need to install IIS to run asp.net applications?

No. Though in production environment IIS is used, at the time of development, you can test your applications using ASP.NET Development Server, which is provided by Microsoft along with Visual Studio.NET and Visual Web Developer.

3. What language do i have to have to develop asp.net applications?

You have to be reasonbly good at either C# or VB.NET as the code is written in either of them. Knowledge of SQL is a must if you have to talk to database. HTML is a must (you know it is easy to learn) and JavaScript is required if you want to write any code that executes on client. Of course you make use of Web controls, ADO.NET etc which are part of .NET Framework class library.

4. Is it better to write code in C# or Visual Basic?

You can write code for your Web application in any language supported by the .NET Framework. That includes Visual Basic, C#, J#, JScript, and others. Although the languages have different syntax, they all compile to the same object code.

The languages have small differences in how they support different features. For example, C# provides access to unmanaged code, while Visual Basic supports implicit event binding via the Handles clause. However, the differences are minor, and unless your requirements involve one of these small differences, the choice of programming language is one of personal preference. Once programs are compiled, they all perform identically; that is, Visual Basic programs run just as fast as C# programs, since they both produce the same object code (Intermediate Language).

5. Can I hide the source code for my page?

Server-side code is processed on the server and is not sent to the browser, so users cannot see it. However, client script is not protected; any client script that you add to your page, or that is injected into the page by server processing, is visible to users. If you are concerned about protecting your source code on the server, you can precompile your site and deploy the compiled version.

6. What is postback?

7. What is viewstate?

ViewState is a mechanism to maintain state of web controls of ASP.Net pages. It is used to preserve the value of the web control between postbacks.

ViewState is a hidden field maintained by ASP.Net to contain page data.

You can disable viewstate for a control by setting enableviewstate prorty to false.

8. What are the main folder in an ASP.NET 2.0 application?

Asp.net 2.0 provides diffent folder for diffrent purposes. The following table shows commonly used folders.

9. Is possible to create an application where different pages use different languages for coding?

Yes. You can create pages with different languages.

But, if you are creating source code files and putting them in the \App_Code folder to be compiled at run time, all the code in must be in the same language.

However, you can create subfolders in the \App_Code folder and use subfolders to store components written in different programming languages.

10. What is single file vs. two file aspx?

Single file .aspx is where both the content and page are placed in a single .aspx file.

Two file .aspx is where content (tags) is placed in .aspx file and code is placed in .aspx.cs or .aspx.vb file.

Both provide same performance. The choice is mainly depending on

11. Can a single .ASPX contain two web forms?

No.

12. How do I create an ASPX page that periodically refreshes itself?

Most browsers recognize the following META tag as a signal to automatically refresh the page every nn seconds:
<meta http-equiv=”Refresh” content=”nn”>
nn is number of seconds.

Alternatively you can use Response.AppendHeader to add header “Refresh” with appropriate interval in seconds. The following page will be refreshed for every 10 seconds.

  response.appendheader("refresh",10)

13. How can an ASP.NET application determine whether cookies are enabled in a browser?

Determining whether cookies are enabled requires a round trip to the browser and back. The basic strategy is to return a cookie in an HTTP response and redirect to a page that checks for the cookie.

<%
    ' Page1.aspx
    dim c as new HttpCookie("c1", "v1")
    Response.Cookies.Add (cookie)
    Response.Redirect ("page2.aspx")

%>

<%
   ' page2.aspx

   dim c as HttpCookie

   c = Request.Cookies("c1")
   if c is nothing or  c.value <> "v1" then
          Response.Write ("Cookies are not enabled")
   else
          Response.Write ("Cookies are enabled")
%>

14. How can ASP.NET application transmit data from one page to another?

One way to transfer data from page to page is to use querystring as follows:

<%
  ' Page1.aspx
  dim st as string = "somevalue"
  response.redirect("page2.aspx?value=" & st)

%>

<%
   ''page2.aspx

   dim st as string
   st = request.querystring("value")

%>

Another ways is to store data in SESSION variable. The following code shows it:

<%
  '' Page1.aspx
  dim st as string = "somevalue"
  session("value") = st
  response.redirect("page2.aspx")

%>

<%
   ''page2.aspx

   dim st as string
   st = session("value")

%>

15. Is it possible to create a GridView that uses scrolling rather than paging?

With a little help from a <div> tag, yes. The following ASPX file displays scrolling table:

<script runat=server>

  bind data to grid

</script>

<html>
  <body>
    <form runat="server">
      <div style="height: 256px; overflow: auto">
        <asp:GridView ID="gv1" Width="100%" RunAt="server" />
      </div>
    </form>
  </body>
</html>

16. Is there any limit for query string? if means what is the maximum size?

Yes. But, it depends on browser. Generally 255 bytes. However it all depends on browser and os.

17. What are different layers commonly used in an Asp.Net application?

There are three layers.

• Presentation or interface layer consiting of web forms.
• Business logic layer (BLL) consisting of classes do to business logic.
• Data Access Layer(DAL) is used to access back-ends such as SQL Server.

18. What is the limit regarding cookies on the browser?

A maximum of 300 cookies can be stored on the user’s system. No cookie can be larger than 4 kilobytes. No server or domain can place more than 20 cookies on a user’s system

19. What is the difference between web.config and machine.config?

The settings made in the web.config file are applied to that particular web application only whereas the settings of machine.config file are applied to all asp.net applications on the system.

20. What are the methods you have to send control from one page to another

You can use either Response.Redirect(url) or Server.Transfer(url) or Server.Execute(url).

21. What is the difference between Response.Redirect() and Server.Transfer() ?

Server.Transfer() is used when redirecting to a page within the same application whereas Response.Redirect() can transfer to pages in other applications also.

Response.Redirect will instruct browser to call a particular webpage.This will increase one request and one response between the client and server.

From end-user’s perspective, the url doesn’t change in browser for Server.Transfer() but it does for Response.Redirect().

22. How can I get programmatic access to ASP.NET configuration settings?

You can read, create, or modify configuration settings from within an ASP.NET application by using the ASP.NET management API. You can develop your own applications including Web applications, console applications, and scripts that use the management API. One of the classes in management API is WebConfigurationManager.

23. How do you ensure that user selects an option in a dropdown list?

It can be achieved by using InitialValue property of RequiredFieldValidator control as follows.

<form id="form1" runat="server">
        <asp:DropDownList ID="DropDownList1" runat="server">
            <asp:ListItem Value="-1">--Select Item--</asp:ListItem>
            <asp:ListItem>First Item</asp:ListItem>
            <asp:ListItem>Second Item</asp:ListItem>
        </asp:DropDownList>
        <asp:RequiredFieldValidator ID="RequiredFieldValidator1" runat="server"
            ErrorMessage="Please select a valid option" ControlToValidate="DropDownList1" InitialValue="-1">
        </asp:RequiredFieldValidator>
        <asp:Button ID="Button1" runat="server" Text="Button" />
</form>

24. Can an application have more than one web.config file?

Yes provided they are placed in different folders of the application.

An asp.net application is a virtual directory that you make on a web server. This application will take the settings of machine.config file if a web.config file is not available in that directory. Now if you create a sub directory inside a virtual directory and place another web.config file in the sub directory then the sub directory will take the settings of the web.config file in that particular directory.

25. What do you do if you have a few pages in your application that do not require authentication?

Assume you have register.aspx and forgotpassword.aspx file which do not require any authentication. But the rest of the pages in the application should be accessible only to authenticated users.

Create a separate folder for register.aspx and forgotpassword.aspx called ALL.Place these pages in that folder and create the following web.config in that folder.

<configuration>l
    <appSettings/>l
    <connectionStrings/>l
    <system.web>l
      <authorization>l
        <allow users="*"/>l
      </authorization>l
    </system.web>l
</configuration>l

26. What is the base class for asp.net page?

Every asp.net page is converted to a class, which is derived from System.Web.UI.Page class. Starting from Asp.Net 2.0 partial class concept is used for code behind. So, if you create an asp.net page with name default.aspx, the following is the code generated by Visual Studio.Net.

Partial Class Default
    Inherits System.Web.UI.Page

End Class

27. What is AutoEventWireup atttribute in Page directive?

When you set the value of the AutoEventWireup attribute to true, the ASP.NET runtime does not require events to specify event handlers like the Page_Load event or the Page_Init event.

When you set the value of the AutoEventWireup attribute to false, you must manually hook up events to event handlers. When you set the value of the AutoEventWireup attribute to true, the ASP.NET page framework can automatically raise events.

If the value of the AutoEventWireup attribute is set to false, you must override the OnInit function, and then you must add a new delegate for Page_Load event handler explicitly.

The following example shows the difference between setting AutoEventWireup to true and false. Run the page by first setting AutoEventWireup to false. Click on the button. Then set AutoEventWireup to true and run again. Click on the button. You can see difference between these two.

AutoEventDemo.aspx

<%@ Page Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="false" CodeFile="autoevent.aspx.cs" Inherits="all_autoevent" %>

<body>
    <form id="form1" runat="server">
    <div>
        <asp:Button ID="Button1" runat="server" Text="Button" OnClick="Button1_Click" />
    </div>
    </form>
</body>
</html>

AutoEventDemo.aspx.cs

using System;

public partial class AutoEventDemo : System.Web.UI.Page
{
    protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        Response.Write("Page Load ");

    }
    protected void Button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
    {
        Response.Write("You Clicked On Button");
    }
}

If performance is a key consideration, do not set the value of the AutoEventWireup attribute to true. The AutoEventWireup attribute requires the ASP.NET page framework to make a call to the CreateDelegate function for every ASP.NET Web Form page. Instead of using automatic hookup, you must manually override the events from the page.

28. What events fire when a page life cycle?

The following major events occurs in the life cycle of a page.

PreInit
Init
InitComplete
PreLoad
Load
LoadComplete
PreRender
SaveStateComplete
Render
Unload

For more details regarding page life cycle, see article in msdn

29. What is AutoPostBack property? How is it difference from IsPostBack property?

AutoPostBack is a property to cause postback for controls (such as dropdownlist and checkbox) that otherwise do not cause postback. Set this property to true to make dropdownlist to cause postback when user selects a diffent item in the dropdownlist.

IsPostBack is a property of Page class,which returns true if page is called because of postback.

30. What is the use of Request.MapPath()?

Request.MapPath() is used to convert virtual path to physical path. Virtual path is path understood by your web server. For example, web server understands /photo/logo.jpg. But that is not understood by OS so convert this to physical path using Request.MapPath().

For example FileUpload control’s SaveAs() method expects physical path so the following converts virtual path to physical path.

FileUpload1.SaveAs( Request.MapPath("photos/logo.jpg"));

.NET is a general-purpose software development platform, similar to Java. At its core is a virtual machine (called as CLR) that turns intermediate language (IL) into machine code. High-level language compilers for C#, VB.NET and C++ are provided to turn source code into IL. C# is a new programming language, very similar to Java. An extensive class library is included, featuring all the functionality one might expect from a contempory development platform - windows GUI development (Windows Forms), database access (ADO.NET), web development (ASP.NET), web services, XML etc.

2. What platforms does .NET run on?

Currently, it is supported on Windows 98, Windows 2000/2003, Windows XP and Windows Vista. ASP.NET integrates with Internet Information Server (IIS) and thus requires that IIS be installed.

.NET Compcat Framework runs on Windows CE or Windows Mobile.

Mono is an open source project to provide .Net on Linux.

3. What is the CLI? Is it the same as the CLR?

The CLI (Common Language Infrastructure) is the definiton of the fundamentals of the .NET framework - the Common Type System (CTS), metadata, the Virtual Execution Environment (VES) and its use of intermediate language (IL), and the support of multiple programming languages via the Common Language Specification (CLS).

The CLR (Common Language Runtime) is Microsoft’s primary implementation of the CLI. Other implementations are; the .NET Compact Framework for mobile devices, non-Microsoft CLI implementations like Mono and DotGNU Portable.NET.

4. What is IL?

IL = Intermediate Language. Also known as MSIL (Microsoft Intermediate Language) or CIL (Common Intermediate Language). All .NET source code (of any language) is compiled to IL during development. The IL is then converted to machine code at run-time by a Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler. Just like how Java programs are converted to Bytecode, C# and VB.NET code is converted to IL.

5. What versions of .NET and when they were released?

Microsoft first announced .NET in June,2000. The following were the offical releases of .NET.

• .NET 1.0 was relased in Feb,2002
• .NET 1.1 was relased in Apr,2003
• .NET 2.0 was relased in Nov,2005
• .NET 3.0 was relased in Nov,2006
• .NET 3.5 was relased in Nov,2007

The following table shows ASP.NET and C# versions along with .NET versions.

6. What’s the major additon in the latest versions of .NET 3.5?

LINQ (Language Integrated Query) is a new way to access database, xml documents and collections. It enables programmers to access all data sources with expressions in C# and VB.NET. For example, we can access database without using any SQL using C# or VB.NET expressions.

7. What is C#?

C# is a new language designed by Microsoft to work with the .NET framework. In their “Introduction to C#” whitepaper, Microsoft describe C# as follows: “C# is a simple, modern, object oriented, and type-safe programming language derived from C and C++. C# (pronounced “C sharp”) is firmly planted in the C and C++ family tree of languages, and will immediately be familiar to C and C++ programmers. C# aims to combine the high productivity of Visual Basic and the raw power of C++.”

C# (or VB.NET) can be used to develop all types of applications - Console, Windows, Web, Web Services and Mobile.

What does ‘Managed code’ mean in the .NET?

The .NET framework provides several core run-time services to the programs that run within it - for example exception handling, memory management and security. For these services to work, the code must provide a minimum level of information to the runtime. Such code is called managed code.

Managed data: This is data that is allocated and freed by the .NET runtime’s garbage collector.

9. What is an assembly?

Assemblies are the building blocks of .NET Framework applications; they form the fundamental unit of deployment, version control, reuse, activation scoping, and security permissions. An assembly is a collection of types and resources that are built to work together and form a logical unit of functionality. An assembly provides the common language runtime with the information it needs to be aware of type implementations. To the runtime, a type does not exist outside the context of an assembly. An assembly may be either a .EXE or .DLL file. It contains code that the common language runtime executes.

10. What are different types of Assemblies?

Assemblies are classified as private assemblies and global assemblies.

Private assemblies are simple and copied to bin directory of the application that is using it.

Shared assemblies (also called as gobal assemblies) are copied to a single location called GAC (Global assembly cache). Hence, shared assemblies are not copied in the private folders of each calling application.

Each shared assembly has a four part name including its name, version, public key token and culture information. The public key token and version information makes it almost impossible for two different assemblies with the same name or for two similar assemblies with different version to mix with each other.

11. What is the difference between a namespace and an assembly name?

A namespace is a logical naming scheme for types in which a simple type name, such as MyType, is preceded with a dot-separated hierarchical name. The .NET Framework uses a hierarchical naming scheme for grouping types into logical categories of related functionality.

The concept of a namespace is not related to that of an assembly. A single assembly may contain types whose hierarchical names have different namespace roots, and a logical namespace root may span multiple assemblies.

In the .NET Framework, a namespace is a logical design-time naming convenience, whereas an assembly establishes the name scope for types at run time.

12. What is meant by un-safe code?

By un-safe code, it means that the managed program can access the memory address using pointers. There are two points to remember here:

• Un-safe code is different from un-managed as it is still managed by the CLR
• You still can not perform pointer arithmetic in un-safe code.

13. What is the difference between Unmanaged and Unsafe code?

Un-managed code runs outside the Common Language Runtime (CLR) control while the unsafe code runs inside the CLR’s control. Both un-safe and un-managed codes may use pointers and direct memory addresses.

14. What are the shortcomings of MS.NET platform?

The foremost short coming of .NET platform is that it is still the propriety of Microsoft. It is more coupled with the Microsoft Windows operating system and is implemented only on Microsoft Windows successfully. MS.NET desktop applications can run only on Microsoft Windows, Web based applications and web services can only be deployed on Microsoft Internet Information Server (IIS). Since, dot net framework contains a lot of utilities, components, and framework class libraries, the size of downloadable framework is quite large (25MB compared to 5MB size of JVM). The managed .Net applications are somewhat slower to start and run than the traditional Win32 applications. The compiled code of .Net managed applications is easier to de-compile back to the source code.

15. Can I use the Win32 API from a .NET Framework program?

Using platform invoke it’s possible. .NET Framework programs can access native code libraries by means of static DLL entry points. Here is an example of C# calling the Win32 MessageBox function:

using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

class MainApp
{
    [DllImport("user32.dll", EntryPoint="MessageBox")]
    public static extern int MessageBox(int hWnd, String strMessage, String strCaption, uint uiType);

    public static void Main()
    {
       MessageBox(0, "This is PInvoke in operation!", ".NET", 0 );
    }
}

16. What is serialization in .NET and what are the ways to control serialization?

Serialization is the process of converting an object into a stream of bytes. On the other hand Deserialization is the process of creating an object from a stream of bytes. Serialization/Deserialization is used to transport or to persist objects. Serialization can be defined as the process of storing the state of an object to a storage medium.

You can serialize an object to a stream, disk, memory, over a network, and so forth. Remoting uses serialization to pass objects “By Value” from one computer or application domain to another.

XML serialization serializes only public properties and fields and does not preserve Type fidelity. This is useful when you want to provide or consume data without restricting the application that uses the data.

As XML is an open standard, it is an attractive choice for sharing data across the Web. SOAP is also an open standard, which makes it an attractive choice too. There are two separate mechanisms provided by the .NET class library - XmlSerializer and SoapFormatter/BinaryFormatter. Microsoft uses XmlSerializer for Web Services, and uses SoapFormatter/BinaryFormatter for remoting. Both are available for use in your own code.

 Most favorite question for interviewers is interchanging two variables with out using the third variable. Another favorite topic for interviewers is Pointers. Please go through pointers once before going to the interview.

 Many interviewers look for logic in your program rather than syntax. Once you write the program you should be able to explain the logic to the interviewer with the help of flow-chart or algorithm. If there are more than one logic for a single program, choose the logic that is simple and easy to understand at the same time it should efficient one.

Below are around 100 FAQ in C language. Try to answer these questions on your own. I believe that if you are able to answer these questions, you can easily get through the technical interview Click here for Faq

HTML 1.0

HTML 1.0 was the never specified by the W3C, as it predated the organization. The standard supported a few basic tags and graphics, although the latter needed to be in GIF format if used in-line or JEPG format if the image was out-of-line. You couldn’t specify the font, background images or colors, and there were no tables or forms. At the time, only one browser Mosaic 1.0 was available to view web documents. However, the standard became the stepping-stone to the modern Web.

HTML 2.0

The HTML 2.0 standard provided a wealth of improvement over the 1.0 version. Background colors and images were supported, as were tables and rudimentary forms. Between 1.0 and 2.0, a new browser was launched (Netscape), and several HTML features created to support features in the new browser became a part of 2.0 standard.

HTML 3.2

The HTML 3.2 standard significantly increased the capability of HTML and the web. Many of the new features enabled. Web designers to create features-rich and elegant designs via new layout tags. Although the 3.2 specification introduced Cascading Style Sheets(CSS Level 1), browsers were slow to adopt the new way of formatting . However, the standard did not include frames , but the feature was implemented  in the various browsers anyway.

                    There was an HTML 3.0 proposed standard, but could not be ratified the W3C in time.  Hence, the next ratified was HTML 3.2

HTML 4.0

HTML 4.0 did not introduce many new features but it ushered in new way of implementing Web design. Instead of using explicit formatting parameters in HTML tags, HTML 4.0 encourage moving the formatting parameters to style sheets instead  HTML 3.2  had become burdensome to support with several dozen tags with several parameters each. The 4.0 standard emphasized the use of CSS, where formatting changes could be made within one document (the style sheet) instead of individually editing every page on a site.

XML 1.0

 The Extensible Markup Language (XML) was created as stepping-stone to bring Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML) concepts to HTML. Although it was the precursor to HTML, SGML was not widely endorsed. As such, the W3C sought to create a usable subset of SGML target specifically toward the Web. The new standard was meant to have enough flexibility and power to provide traditional publishing applications on the web. XML became part of the new XHTML standard.

CSS 1.0 and 2.0

As mentioned previously, Cascading Style Sheets were devised to movie formatting methods used in Web documents into centralized, formal style sheets. A CSS documents contains formatting specifics for various tags and is applied to applicable documents. This mechanism provides a formal means to separate formatting from the content of a page.

            When the formatting needs to change, the CSS document alone can be updated, and the changes are then reflected in all documents that use the style sheet. The “cascade” in the name refers to the features that allow styles to be overridden by subsequent styles.

HTML 4.01

Heralded as the last of the HTML standards, 4.01 fixed errors inherent in the 4.0 specification and made the final leap to embracing CSS as the vehicle for document formatting (instead of using  parameters in HTML tags).

XHTML 1.0

Extensible hyper text markup language is the latest standards for Web documents. This standard infuses the HTML 4.01 with extensible language constructs courtesy of XML. It was designed to be used in XML-compliant environments yet be compatible with standard HTML 4.01 user agents. As of this writing, adoption of the XHTML standard for Web documents has been slow. Although most browsers natively support HTML 4.01, most do not support the extensible features of XHTML 1.0.

 Keep learning  …. P.Narendra

     Designing the website in the span of four days is not a cakewalk for me, by then. Despite pressure, burning the midnight oil for three continues nights, I could complete my work by the day break of fourth day.

      There arised many questions like how to host a website, its registration in the World Wide Web, Amount to be paid venue to register and so…

        I moon lighted every where in the college received many suggestions from friends and professors namely Swamy, Santhi Raj and Prof Sureshvarma.

After undergoing hard day toil, I could launch the website and could display to all my friends, classmates and faculty. I was applauded by one and all for which I could forget all the hard work undergone by me.

           It was a day before the event and I was asked to design the registration form in Asp.net by then .I approached many persons and with the help of my friend Santhi Raj, I could prepare and update the registration form.

 HEART TOUCHING MOMENTS:

         Everyone was busy in the event and suddenly I heard someone announcing my name in the mike, I was astonished, he was one of the participants in the event and he showered rays of appraisal on me for the work which I did on the website .

He made me receive a gift on the hands of the chief guest Mr.Kiruba Shankar. That was the best gift in my life received from any one.

www.technorays.co.in

In this blog,  I attempt to clear some of your doubts regarding versions in .NET.
 

First C# and Visual Basic.NET are two main languages that are used to develop application on .NET. The choice between C# and VB.NET is mainly a personal choice. C# is also called as Visual C# and C#.NET. They all mean the same C#.

.NET 1.0

First versions of .NET was .NET 1.0, which was released in feb,2002.  The other versions were  ASP.NET 1.0,  C# 1.0  and Visual Basic.NET 2002. It is common to find people refer to .NET 1.0  as .NET 2002 and C# 1.0 as C# 2002 etc. Though not strictly right, it is accepted.

.NET 1.1

Next versions called  .NET 1.1,  was released in  2003.  C# 1.1, Visual Basic.NET 2003, ASP.NET 1.1 and Visual Studio.NET 2003 were the versions.
It was not a major release, a few changes here and there.

.NET 2.0

Next versions was released in 2005. It was major release and added a lot to ASP.NET especially. It added concepts like partial class and generics to C# and VB.NET. A change in major version number is quite justified.
ASP.NET 1.1 became ASP.NET 2.0,C# 1.1 became C# 2.0, 2003 became 2005 in Visual Basic.NET 2005 and Visual Studio.NET 2005.
.NET 3.0

This was a silent release. Not many know that there was  .NET 3.0.  It was mainly released along with Windows Vista and it added WCF (Window Communication Foundation), WPF (Windows Presentation Foundation) and WWF (Windows Workflow Foundation).

However it did not change ASP.NET or C# or VB.NET.  Visual Studio.NET also remained the same.

This is where the version number of ASP.NET and .NET differed. Only .NET has become 3.0, leaving the rest at 2.0.

.NET 3.5

The latest release is .NET 3.5.  It has brought a change in all. Now versions numbers for C# remained 3.0 but ASP.NET changed to 3.5 causing all kinds of confusion.

Visual Basic.NET 2008 is the new version of visual basic and Visual Studio.NET 2008 was released.

LINQ was a major addition.

C# and VB.NET have been enhanced with very interesting features, which are mainly used in the context of LINQ.

Summary of versions

The following table summaries the versions of .NET  and its related technologies as far.

Keep Learning …. P.Narendra