rose

Portland

noreply@blogger.com (rose) — Fri, 27 Nov 2009 16:10:00 +0000

The Portland roses were long thought to be the first group of crosses between China roses and European roses; recent DNA analysis at the University of Lyons, however, has demonstrated that the original Portland Rose has no Chinese lineage, but rather represents an autumn damask/gallica ancestry.[5] They were named after the Duchess of Portland who received (from Italy about 1775) a rose then known as R. paestana or 'Scarlet Four Seasons' Rose' (now known simply as 'The Portland Rose'). The whole class of Portland roses was thence developed from that one rose. The first repeat-flowering class of rose with fancy European-style blossoms, the plants tend to be fairly short and shrubby, with proportionately short flower stalks. Example: 'James Veitch', 'Rose de Rescht', 'Comte de Chambourd'.

Moss

noreply@blogger.com (rose) — Fri, 27 Nov 2009 16:10:00 +0000

Mutations of primarily centifolia roses (or sometimes damasks), moss roses have a mossy excrescence on the stems and sepals that often emits a pleasant woodsy or balsam scent when rubbed. Moss roses are cherished for this unique trait, but as a group they have contributed nothing to the development of new rose classifications. Moss roses with centifolia background are once-flowering; some moss roses exhibit repeat-blooming, indicative of Autumn Damask parentage. Example: 'Common Moss' (centifolia-moss), 'Alfred de Dalmas' (Autumn Damask moss).

Centifolia or Provence

noreply@blogger.com (rose) — Fri, 27 Nov 2009 16:09:00 +0000

Centifolia roses, raised in the seventeenth century in the Netherlands, are named for their "one hundred" petals; they are often called "cabbage" roses due to the globular shape of the flowers. The result of damask roses crossed with albas, the centifolias are all once-flowering."cabbage" roses due to the globular shape of the flowers. The result of damask roses crossed with albas, the centifolias are all once-flowering.miniature roses (see below) . Examples: 'Centifolia', 'Paul Ricault'.

Damask

noreply@blogger.com (rose) — Fri, 27 Nov 2009 16:05:00 +0000

Named for Damascus in Syria, damasks originated in ancient times with a natural cross of (Rosa moschata x Rosa gallica) x Rosa fedtschenkoana.[4] Robert de Brie is given credit for bringing damask roses from the Middle East to Europe sometime between 1254 and 1276, although there is evidence from ancient Roman frescoes that at least one damask rose existed in Europe for hundreds of years prior. Summer damasks bloom once in summer. Autumn or Four Seasons damasks bloom again later, in the fall: the only remontant Old European roses. Shrubs tend to have rangy to sprawly growth habits and vicious thorns. The flowers typically have a more loose petal formation than gallicas, as well as a stronger, tangy fragrance. Examples: 'Ispahan', 'Madame Hardy'.

Gallica

noreply@blogger.com (rose) — Fri, 27 Nov 2009 15:55:00 +0000

The gallica or Provins roses are a very old class developed from R. gallica, which is a native of central and southern Europe. The Apothecary's Rose, R. gallica officinalis, was grown in monastic herbiaries in the Middle Ages, and became famous in English history as the Red Rose of Lancaster. Gallicas flower once in the summer over low shrubs rarely over 4' tall. Unlike most other once-blooming Old Garden Roses, the gallica class includes shades of red, maroon and deep purplish crimson. Examples: 'Cardinal de Richelieu', 'Charles de Mills', 'Rosa Mundi' (R. gallica versicolour).

Alba

noreply@blogger.com (rose) — Fri, 27 Nov 2009 15:45:00 +0000

Literally "white roses", derived from R. arvensis and the closely allied R. alba. These are some of the oldest garden roses, probably brought to Great Britain by the Romans. The shrubs flower once yearly in the spring with blossoms of white or pale pink. The shrubs frequently feature gray-green foliage and a climbing habit of growth . Examples: 'Alba Semiplena', 'White Rose of York'.

Old Garden Roses

noreply@blogger.com (rose) — Fri, 27 Nov 2009 15:44:00 +0000

An Old Garden Rose is defined as any rose belonging to a class which existed before the introduction of the first Modern Rose, La France, in 1867. In general, Old Garden Roses of European or Mediterranean origin are once-blooming woody shrubs, with notably fragrant, double-flowered blooms primarily in shades of white, pink and red. The shrubs' foliage tends to be highly disease-resistant, and they generally bloomonly on two-year-old canes. The introduction of China and Tea roses from East Asia around 1800 led to new classes of Old Garden Roses which bloom on new growth, often repeatedly from spring to fall. Most Old Garden Roses are classified into one of the following groups.

Wild Roses

noreply@blogger.com (rose) — Fri, 27 Nov 2009 15:40:00 +0000

Wild Roses
The wild roses includes the species listed above and some of their hybrids.

Cultivation

noreply@blogger.com (rose) — Wed, 25 Nov 2009 18:42:00 +0000

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Uses

noreply@blogger.com (rose) — Wed, 25 Nov 2009 18:41:00 +0000

Roses are best known for their flowers. Roses are popular garden shrubs, as flowering shrubs. They are also grown as cut flowers, as one of
the most popular and commonly sold florists' flowers.
A few roses are grown for scented foliage (such as Rosa rubiginosa, ornamental thorns, Rosa sericea or their ornamental fruit Rosa moyesii).
Roses are also of great value to the perfume industry. An attar of roses is distilled from the flowers.
The rose hip, the fruit of some species, is used as a minor source of Vitamin C. Roses may also be planted as hedging, and for game cover.

Pests and diseases

noreply@blogger.com (rose) — Wed, 25 Nov 2009 18:39:00 +0000

Main articles: Pests and diseases of roses and List of rose diseases
Roses are subject to several diseases, such as rose rust (Phragmidium mucronatum), rose black spot, and powdery mildew. Fungal diseases
in the Rose are best solved by a preventative fungicidal spray program rather than by trying to cure an infection after it emerges on the plant.
After the disease is visible, its spread can be minimized through pruning and the use of fungicides, although the actual infection cannot be
reversed. Certain rose varieties are considerably less susceptible than others to fungal diseases.
The main pest affecting roses is the aphid (greenfly), which sucks the sap and weakens the plant. (Ladybugs are a predator of aphids and
should be encouraged in the rose garden.) The spraying with insecticide of roses is often recommended but should be done with care to
minimize the loss of beneficial insects. Roses are also used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera (butterfly and moth) species; see
list of Lepidoptera that feed on roses.

Rose (disambiguation)

noreply@blogger.com (rose) — Wed, 25 Nov 2009 16:34:00 +0000

For other uses, see Rose (disambiguation).

A rose is a perennial flower shrub or vine of the genus Rosa, within the family Rosaceae, that contains over 100 species and comes in a variety of colours. The species form a group of erect shrubs, and climbing or trailing plants, with stems that are often armed with sharp prickles. Most are native to Asia, with smaller numbers of species native to Europe, North America, and northwest Africa. Natives, cultivars and hybrids are all widely grown for their beauty and fragrance.[1]

The leaves are alternate and pinnately compound, with sharply toothed oval-shaped leaflets. The plant's fleshy edible fruit, which ripens in the late summer through autumn, is called a rose hip. Rose plants range in size from compact, miniature roses, to climbers that can reach 7 meters in height. Species from different parts of the world easily hybridize, which has given rise to the many types of garden roses.

The name rose comes from French, itself from Latin, rosa, which was borrowed from Oscan, from Greek rhodion (Aeolic wrodion), from Old Persian wurdi "flower" (cf. Avest. warda, Sogdianward, Parthian wâr).[2][3]

Attar of rose is the steam-extracted essential oil from rose flowers that has been used in perfumes for centuries. Rose water, made from the rose oil, is widely used in Asian and Middle Eastern cuisine. The French are known for their rose syrup, most commonly made from an extract of rose petals. In the United States, this French rose syrup is used to make rose scones and marshmallows.

Rose hips are occasionally made into jam, jelly, and marmalade, or are brewed for tea, primarily for their high Vitamin C content. They are also pressed and filtered to make rose hip syrup. Rose hips are also used to produce Rose hip seed oil, which is used in skin products and some makeup products.

History

noreply@blogger.com (rose) — Sun, 22 Nov 2009 16:06:00 +0000

The rose has always been valued for its beauty and has a long history of symbolism. The ancient Greeks and Romans identified the rose withtheir goddesses of love referred to as Aphrodite and Venus. In Rome a wild rose would be placed on the door of a room where secret orconfidential matters were discussed. The phrase sub rosa, or "under the rose", means to keep a secret — derived from this ancient Romanpractice.

Early Christians identified the five petals of the rose with the five wounds of Christ. Despite this interpretation, their leaders were hesitant toadopt it because of its association with Roman excesses and pagan ritual. The red rose was eventually adopted as a symbol of the blood ofthe Christian martyrs. Roses also later came to be associated with the Virgin Mary.Rose culture came into its own in Europe in the 1800s with the introduction of perpetual blooming roses from China. There are currentlythousands of varieties of roses developed for bloom shape, size, fragrance and even for lack of prickles.

Botany

The leaves of most species are 5–15 centimetres long,pinnate, with (3–) 5–9 (–13) leaflets and basal stipules; theleaflets usually have a serrated margin, and often a few smallprickles on the underside of the stem. The vast majority ofroses are deciduous but a few (particularly in South east Asia)are evergreen or nearly so.

The flowers of most species of roses have five petals, with theexception of Rosa sericea, which usually has only four. Eachpetal is divided into two distinct lobes and is usually white orpink, though in a few species yellow or red. Beneath thepetals are five sepals (or in the case of some Rosa sericea,

four). These may be long enough to be visible when viewed from above and appear as green pointsalternating with the rounded petals. The ovary is inferior, developing below the petals and sepals.The aggregate fruit of the rose is a berry-like structure called a rose hip. Rose species that produce open-faced flowers are attractive topollinating bees and other insects, thus more apt to produce hips. Many of the domestic cultivars are so tightly petalled that they do notprovide access for pollination. The hips of most species are red, but a few (e.g. Rosa pimpinellifolia) have dark purple to black hips. Each hipcomprises an outer fleshy layer, the hypanthium, which contains 5–160 "seeds" (technically dry single-seeded fruits called achenes)embedded in a matrix of fine, but stiff, hairs. Rose hips of some species, especially the Dog Rose (Rosa canina) and Rugosa Rose (Rosarugosa), are very rich in vitamin C, among the richest sources of any plant.The petals have waxy cuticals and it works like a leaf. The hips areeaten by fruit-eating birds such as thrushes and waxwings, which then disperse the seeds in their droppings. Some birds, particularly finches,also eat the seeds.

While the sharp objects along a rose stem are commonly called "thorns", they are actually prickles — outgrowthsof the epidermis (the outer layer of tissue of the stem). True thorns, as produced by e.g. Citrus or Pyracantha, aremodified stems, which always originate at a node and which have nodes and internodes along the length of thethorn itself. Rose prickles are typically sickle-shaped hooks, which aid the rose in hanging onto other vegetationwhen growing over it. Some species such as Rosa rugosa and R. pimpinellifolia have densely packed straightspines, probably an adaptation to reduce browsing by animals, but also possibly an adaptation to trap wind-blownsand and so reduce erosion and protect their roots (both of these species grow naturally on coastal sand dunes).Despite the presence of prickles, roses are frequently browsed by deer. A few species of roses only have vestigialprickles that have no points.