Just 4 Dummies

Optical Illusion 1

2009-06-01T15:19:00.000-07:00

What you must prepare to enjoy these pictures is just FOCUS ......

An optical illusion (also called a visual illusion) is characterized by visually perceived images that differ from objective reality. The information gathered by the eye is processed in the brain to give a percept that does not tally with a physical measurement of the stimulus source. There are three main types: literal optical illusions that create images that are different from the objects that make them, physiological ones that are the effects on the eyes and brain of excessive stimulation of a specific type (brightness, tilt, color, movement), and cognitive illusions where the eye and brain make unconscious inferences.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_illusion)

The image is Copyright A. Kitoaka September 2 2003

In the Illusion of Sex Change, by Richard Russell of Harvard University, two faces are perceived as male and female. However, rest assured that the both faces are actually versions of the same androgynous face (neither male, nor female). One face was created by increasing the contrast of the androgynous face, while the other face was created by decreasing the contrast. The face with more contrast is perceived as female, while the face with less contrast is perceived as male. The Illusion of Sex Change demonstrates that contrast is an important cue for perceiving the sex of a face, with greater contrast appearing feminine, and lesser contrast appearing masculine. This optical illusion won the prize in 2009 optical illusion contest as well. (http://www.moillusions.com)

Tiger Woman Illusion
Can you spot something unusual about this photo of a tiger? If you have trouble spotting the hidden meaning, try opening this illusion for a hint. The original “Hidden Tiger” was one of the most popular illusion on this site ever! Who’s gonna be the first one to spot the illusion? 4… 3… 2… 1… Start!

Spinning Dancer
This is quite amazing!!!

If you see this lady turning in clockwise you are using your right brain.
If you see it the other way, you are using left brain.
Some people do see both ways, but most people see it only one way.
If you try to see it the other way and if you do see, your IQ is above 160 which is almost a genius.
Then see if you can make her go one way and then the other by shifting the brain's current.

BOTH DIRECTIONS CAN BE SEEN
This was proved at Yale University, over a 5 year study on the human brain and it's functions. Only 14% of the US population can see her move both ways.
download it here

Drank IllusionPlease, don't drunk again......

mayumi itsuwa

2009-05-23T20:43:00.000-07:00

Mayumi Itsuwa (五輪真弓, Itsuwa Mayumi) (born January 24, 1951 ) is a Japanese vocalist, composer, lyricist, and keyboardist who made her debut in 1972.

Her first studio album entitled Shoujo was recorded in Los Angeles, with distinguished musicians such as David Campbell, Carole King and Charles Larkey who was King's husband at that time. Owing to her introspective compositions, Itsuwa was often nicknamed "Japanese Carole King", along with other Japanese singer-songwriters like Yumi Matsutoya (who had worked under her birth name "Yumi Arai" during the mid 1970s) and Minako Yoshida.

Itsuwa has gained moderate success on the Japanese albums chart in her early career, and received massive popularity and acclaim through a single "Koibito yo" released in 1980. A song topped the Japan's Oricon chart for three consecutive weeks, and won the 22nd Japan Record Award for "Gold Prize" in a same year. It was covered by the country's legendary singers including Hibari Misora and Noriko Awaya in later years, and became a signature song for Itsuwa.

KOKORO NO TOMO

ANATA KARA KURUSHIMI O UBAETA SONO TOKI
WATASHI NIMO IKITEYUKU YUUKI NGA WAITE KURU
ANATA TO DEAU MADE WA KODOKU NA SASURAI-BITO
SONO TE NO NUKUMORI O KANJI SASETE

AI WA ITSUMO RARABAI
TABI NI TSUKARETA TOKI
TADA KOKORO NO TOMO TO
WATASHI O YONDE

SHINJIAU KOTO SAE DOKOKA NI WASURETE
HITO WA NAZE SU'NGITA HI NO SHIAWASE OIKAKERU
SHISUKA NI MABUTA TOJITE KOKORO NO DOA O HIRAKI
WATASHI O TSUKANDARA NAMIDA HUITE

AI WA ITSUMO RARABAI
ANATA NGA YOWAI TOKI
TADA KOKORO NO TOMO TO
WATASHI O YONDE

AI WA ITSUMO RARABAI
TABI NI TSUKARETA TOKI
TADA KOKORO NO TOMO TO
WATASHI O YONDE

Terjemahan dalam bahasa Indonesia
Teman Hati (Kekasih hati)

Kala itu mampu kulepaskan kepedihan dari hatimu
Semangatku pun bergelora menapaki jalan hidup ini
Sebelum bersua denganmu, kesepian aku berkelana
Biar kurasakan hangatnya jemarimu

Cinta senantiasa meninabobokkan
Tatkala lelah dalam perjalanan
Ingatlah diriku sebagai teman hati

Bahkan hati yang saling percaya terlupa entah di mana
Mengapa orang-orang mengejar kebahagiaan yang telah berlalu
Pejamkan matamu perlahan dan singkapkan jendela hatimu
Raih tanganku dan usap air matamu

Cinta senantiasa meninabobokkan
Tatkala lelah dalam perjalanan
Ingatlah diriku sebagai teman hati

Free interpretation
Friend in my heart (or best friend, in other words)
KOKORO NO TOMO

When I stole the pain from you, that time
ANATA KARA KURUSHIMI O UBAETA SONO TOKI
the courage to live flowed inside of me too
WATASHI NIMO IKITEYUKU YUUKI GA WAITE KURU
Until I met you I was a lonely SASURAI-BITO(*)
ANATA TO DEAU MADE WA KODOKU NA SASURAI-BITO
Let me feel the warmth in your hand
SONO TE NO NUKUMORI O KANJI SASETE

Love is always a lullaby
AI WA ITSUMO RARABAI
When you become tired of the journey
TABI NI TSUKARETA TOKI
With the friend in your heart
TADA KOKORO NO TOMO TO
Call me
WATASHI O YONDE

Forgetting about believing each other
SHINJIAU KOTO SAE DOKOKA NI WASURETE
Why do people chase the peaceful days that have gone by
HITO WA NAZE SUGITA HI NO SHIAWASE OIKAKERU
Closing my eyelids quietly, opening the door of my heart
SHIZUKA NI MABUTA TOJITE KOKORO NO DOA O HIRAKI
Once you grab me, wipe away my tears
WATASHI O TSUKANDARA NAMIDA FUITE

Love is always a lullaby
AI WA ITSUMO RARABAI
When you are weak
ANATA GA YOWAI TOKI
With the friend in your heart
TADA KOKORO NO TOMO TO
Call me
WATASHI O YONDE

Love is always a lullaby
AI WA ITSUMO RARABAI
When you become tired of the journey
TABI NI TSUKARETA TOKI
With the friend in your heart
TADA KOKORO NO TOMO TO
Call me
WATASHI O YONDE

reference
http://www.itsuwamayumi.com/english/top/index.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayumi_Itsuwa

mayumi itsuwa - kokoro no tomo
download

mayumi itsuwa - kokoro no tomo (in concert)
download

mayumi itsuwa - amayadori
download

Mayumi itsuwa - Dakishimete
download

click here to download mp4 player

ALONE

2009-05-21T01:38:00.000-07:00

Ever heard the song sung by Dreams, "Alone"?. I don't know for sure who was the first to sing "ALONE" between DREAMS or HEART. You may find out yourself throughout internet. I just want to say that "Alone" is a nice and emotional song.

Dreams is a television film, starred by John Stamos, premiered in October 3, 1984, while Heart is a rock band starred by Ann and Nancy Wilson from Seattle, Washington. They have been very famous since 1970's - 1990's, up to now. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_(band)). Both of them have made the song "Alone" very popular, until in the 2000's, Celine Dion also sang "Alone" emotionally in a tv program.

Heart - Alone

I hear the ticking of the clock
I'm lying here the room's pitch dark
I wonder where you are tonight
No answer on the telephone
And the night goes by so very slow
Oh I hope that it won't end though
Alone

Till now I always got by on my own
I never really cared until I met you
And now it chills me to the bone
How do I get you alone
How do I get you alone

You don't know how long I have wanted
to touch your lips and hold you tight, oh
You don't know how long I have waited
and I was going to tell you tonight
But the secret is still my own
and my love for you is still unknown
Alone

Till now I always got by on my own
I never really cared until I met you
And now it chills me to the bone
How do I get you alone
How do I get you alone

How do I get you alone
How do I get you alone

Alone, alone

John Stamos in "Dreams", Alone....

Heart - Alone

Heart - Alone featuring Carrie Underwood

Celine Dion sang "Alone" so emotionally...

How SMART are you?

2009-05-12T02:42:00.000-07:00

It's just something interesting to spend our free time. It's a kind of nice game to play. It seems little bit easy and is suitable for kids. But, for sure, just try, and laugh at yourself. You'll look fool although it doesn't mean to.

Use Your Mind 1
Please help the man in the boat to move the wolf, the sheep and the box of cabbage to the other side of the lake.

Notice that:
Wolves eat sheep, sheep eat cabbages when no man around.
Download >>> here

Use Your Mind 2
Please help the 3 cannibals and the 3 missionaries to move to the other side of the lake.

Notice that:
When there is on one side more cannibals than missionaries, they eat them.
Download >>>here

Use Your Mind 3
Please help this family to cross to the other side of the bridge.

Notice that:
It is night. There is one lamp. A maximum of 2 persons can cross at one time, and they must have the lamp with them. Each person walks at a different speed: 1 second, 3 second, 6 second, 8 second, and 12 second. A pair must walk together at the rate of the slower person. The lamp is enough for 30 second only!!!
Download >>> here

Test Your IQ-1
Are you sure having smart IQ? You may prove your ability with this game.
Suggestion: it looks like kids’ game, but dare yourself to beat it.
Download >>> here

Test Your IQ-2
Are you sure having smart IQ? You may prove your ability with this game.
Suggestion: smile yourself to realize how fool we are. Don’t forget to check your score!
Download >>> here

Find The Different
It’s only how good you can find between the two pictures, like kindergarten kids.
Download >>> here

Find The Different1
Download >>> here

Articles
It’s good game to train your ability in answering English question about “article”
Download >>> here

Hangaroo
It’s very good and educative game to learn English and test your knowledge.
Download >>> here

Boxword
It’s not difficult game if you know the way to solve the problems.
Download >>> here

Cardsmagic
Simple math game.
Download >>> here

Blocks
Do still have a good memory? This is a nice game to enjoy training your memory?
Download >>> here

Hyro Fighter
It’s good game for kids to learn English.
Download >>> here

Shanghai Dynasty Mahjong
It’s Chinesse classic game and nice to play. Enjoy!
Download >>> here

xoxox
It’s simple game but don’t underestimate it. Just try and enjoy!
Download >>> here

Reference
http://www.plastelina.net/
http://enetwork.ncbuy.com

<(*~*,)>

How good is Your TOEFL?

2009-05-09T00:54:00.000-07:00

The Test of English as a Foreign Language (or TOEFL, pronounced "toe-full") evaluates the ability of an individual to use and understand English in an academic setting. It is an admission requirement for non-native English speakers at many English-speaking colleges and universities. The TOEFL test is a registered trademark of Educational Testing Service (ETS) and is administered worldwide. The test was first administered in 1964.

Institutions such as government agencies, licensing bodies, businesses, or scholarship programs may require this test. A TOEFL score is valid for two years and then will no longer be officially reported since a candidate's language proficiency could have significantly changed since the date of the test. Colleges and universities usually consider only the most recent TOEFL score.

Formats and contents

Internet-Based Test

Since its introduction in late 2005, the Internet-Based test (iBT) has progressively replaced both the computer-based (CBT) and paper-based (PBT) tests. The iBT has been introduced in phases, with the United States, Canada, France, Germany, and Italy in 2005 and the rest of the world in 2006, with test centers added regularly.

Reading
This module determines proficiency in understanding intellectual reading issues. The Reading module contains questions about 3 to 5 long passages. The passages are chosen from the academic topics, which are found in undergraduate university textbooks.
READING
3 passages and 39 questions or 5 passages and 70 questions
60 minutes or 100 minutes

Listening
This module determines proficiency in understanding spoken English as it is used in colleges and universities. The listening module consists of 6 comprehensive passages. Two passages will be conversations between students, and the other four will be academic lectures or discussions. Students have to understand the conversations and answer the corresponding questions.
LISTENING
6 passages and 34 questions
50 minutes

Speaking
This module determines proficiency with speaking in English. The speaking module consists of 6 tasks: two independent tasks and four integrated tasks. In the independent tasks, students have to answer opinion questions concerning academic life. In two of the integrated tasks, students have to read a passage, listen to a passage, and speak about how the ideas in the two passages are related. In the other two integrated tasks, students have to listen to long passages, review them and speak about the information in the passages.
SPEAKING
6 tasks and 6 questions
20 minutes

Writing
This module determines proficiency with writing in English that is pertinent for colleges and universities assignments. The writing module consists of two tasks: one independent task where students have to read an academic passage, listen to an academic passage and write their reviews about the two passages, and another integrated task where students have to write an essay.
WRITING
2 tasks and 2 questions
55 minutes

At least one of the sections of the test will include extra, uncounted material. Educational Testing Service includes extra material to try out material for future tests. If the test taker is given a longer section, he must work hard on all of the materials because he does not know which material counts and which material is extra. For example, if there are four reading passages instead of three, three of the passages will count and one of the passages will not be counted. It is possible that the uncounted passage could be any of the four passages.

Paper-Based Test

In areas where the iBT and CBT are not available, a paper-based test (PBT) is given. Because test takers cannot register at the testing center on the test date, they must register in advance using the registration form provided in the Supplemental Paper TOEFL Bulletin. They should register in advance of the given deadlines to ensure a place because the test centers have limited seating and may fill up early. Tests are administered only several times each year.

The PBT tests essentially the same skills as the CBT, albeit with some differences, noticeably the number of questions (which is higher in the PBT) and the score scales. The test lasts 4 hours more or less. Students can take the test as many times as they wish. However, colleges and universities usually consider only the most recent score.

Listening (30–40 minutes)
It consists of three parts. The first one contains 30 questions about short conversations. The second part has 8 questions about longer conversations. The last part asks 12 questions about lectures or talks.

Structure and Written Expression (25 minutes)
This part has 15 exercises of completing sentences correctly and 25 exercises of identifying errors.

Reading Comprehension (55 minutes)
It has 50 questions about reading passages.

Writing (30 minutes)
One essay with 250-300 words in average.

Test Scores

Internet-Based Test

The iBT version of the TOEFL test is scored on a scale of 0 to 120 points.
Each of the four sections (Reading, Listening, Speaking, and Writing) receives a scaled score from 0 to 30. The scaled scores from the four sections are added together to determine the overall score.
Speaking is initially given a score of 0 to 4, and writing is initially given a score of 0 to 5. These scores are converted to scaled scores of 0 to 30.

Computer-Based Test

Three subscores are obtained, each of which is given on a 0–30 scale: Listening, Structure/Writing (combined), and Reading. These subscores are averaged to obtain the final score, which is on a 0–300 scale.
The score for Writing is a component of the score for the Structure Section. Even though the college or university where the test taker applied did not require a score for Writing, the test taker had to write the essay to complete the test.
The Writing test is scored on a scale from 0 to 6. A score of 6 showed strong writing abilities, 5 average writing abilities, and 4 minimal writing abilities. A score of 3, 2 or 1 showed a lack of writing technique. The essay was read by two testing evaluators. Each one gave the essay a score. The two scores are averaged to produce the final Writing scores. If the evaluators were more than 1 point different in their assessment, a third evaluator scored the essay.

Paper-Based Test

The final PBT score ranges between 310 and 677 and is based on three subscores: Listening (31–68), Structure (31–68), and Reading (31–67). Unlike the CBT, the score of the Writing section (referred to as the Test of Written English, TWE) is not part of the final score; instead, it is reported separately on a scale of 0–6.
The score test takers receive on the Listening, Structure and Reading parts of the TOEFLtest is not the percentage of correct answers. The score is converted to take into account the fact that some tests are more difficult than others. The converted scores correct these differences. Therefore, the converted score is a more accurate reflection of the ability than the correct answer score is.

Most colleges use TOEFL scores as only one factor in their admission process. A sampling of required TOEFL admissions scores shows that a total score of 74.2 for undergraduate admissions and 82.6 for graduate admissions may be required. It is recommended that students check with their prospective institutions directly to understand TOEFL admissions requirements.

ETS has released tables to convert between iBT, CBT and PBT scores. Click here to download it!!

Reference

http://www.toefl.org
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOEFL
http://www.stuff.co.uk/toefl.htm
http://www.ets.org
http://www.testwise.com/review.html

Download Materials

LOL <(~,)>

2009-05-08T23:22:00.000-07:00

LOL <(*~*,)> (also written with some or all letters lowercase) is an abbreviation for laughing out loud or laugh out loud. LOL is a common element of Internet slang used historically on Usenet, but now widespread in other forms of computer-mediated communication, and even face-to-face communication.

Shorthand for Laughing out Loud or Laugh out Loud, LOL is the most commonly used in chat expressions to illustrate you are laughing during a text conversation or that you found something funny. LOL is also less commonly short for Lots of Laughter and Laughing on Line and is also often substituted by LAL, LAWL (Laughing a Whole Lot), and LOLZ. Although already an abbreviation LOL is also sometimes abbreviated even more as LL.

Although not as common as the above definition of LOL, this term can also mean Lots of Love or Lots of Luck and maybe many more. It is one of many initialisms for expressing bodily reactions, in particular laughter, as text, including initialisms such as ROTFL ("roll(ing) on the floor laughing"), a more emphatic expression of laughter, and BWL ("bursting with laughter"), above which there is "no greater compliment" according to technology columnist Larry Magid.

The list of acronyms "grows by the month", and they are collected along with emoticons and smileys into folk dictionaries that are circulated informally amongst users of Usenet, IRC, and other forms of (textual) computer-mediated communication. And may be at the end of an e-mail, letter, or other correspondence.

<(*~*,)>

LOL <(*~*,)> in Bahasa Indonesia
LOL (juga ditulis lol) biasanya untuk "laugh out loud" (tertawa terbahak-bahak) atau, "lots of luck" ([semoga] banyak beruntung) atau "lots of love" (banyak cinta/semoga diberkahi dengan banyak cinta). Istilah LOL berasal dari Usenet dan menjadi elemen umum bahasa gaul Internet. LOL juga digunakan dalam bentuk komunikasi melalui komputer, seperti instant messaging, dan bahkan sudah menyebar ke komunikasi antar seseorang.

If You got toothache, can you still share LOL?
These short movie will prove whether you still have sense of humor, so you can share laughter, lol.

Enjoy these Funny files (You may download, if you need it)

<(*~*,)>

If You Watch This 100 Times You'll Still Laugh2

Beautiful Girl1

Beautiful Girl2

Stickman Trapped in Phone

Stickman fights

Happy Birthday to You

7 Best Positions

Reference

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LOL

http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/LOL

http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/l/lol.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lol_(disambiguation)

<(*~*,)>

Learning Bahasa Indonesia – Pronouns

2009-05-03T04:05:00.000-07:00

Bahasa Indonesian uses the following pronouns.

First Person

Saya (standard, polite),
Aku (informal, familiar),
Kami (excl.),
Kita (incl.)

Second Person

Anda (polite, formal),
Saudara (male)/Saudari(female) (polite, formal)
Kamu (familiar, informal),
Kau (familiar, informal),
Engkau (familiar, informal),
Kalian (plural, informal),
Anda sekalian (plural, formal),
Saudara(i)-saudara(i) (polite)

Third Person
Ia,
Dia,
Beliau (addressing to high respected person )
Mereka

Saya (I – me – my)
‘Saya’ as a first personal pronoun means ‘I’ whether it’s subject or object. For non-formal conversation, or among people in the same age, the word ‘aku’ is sometime used. ‘Aku’ is sometime shortened become ‘ku’ in possessive pronoun. Like ‘ibu saya’ or ‘ibu aku’ or ‘ibuku’ means ‘my mother’. Even, ‘aku’ is sometime shortened become ‘ku’ following verb.

Example:
Saya seorang sopir (I am a driver)
Ibu saya memberi saya sepeda baru (My mother gives me a new bike)
Ibu saya memberi aku sepeda baru (My mother gives me a new bike)
Ibu saya memberiku sepeda baru (My mother gives me a new bike)
Saya mengirim email kepada teman saya (I send an email to my friend)
Aku suka ayam goreng (I like fried chicken)
Bapak aku sedang sakit (My father is sick)
Aku sedang sibuk (I am busy)
Elizabeth membantu aku mengetik surat (Elizabeth helps me type a letter)
Elizabeth membantuku mengetik surat (Elizabeth helps me type a letter)

Kamu (You – you – your)
‘Kamu’ as a second personal pronoun means ‘you’. But ‘kamu’ can not be applied in every situation as well as to address any person we talk to. The word used for ‘you’ depends on the age, gender, and social position of the person you are addressing and the situation. When in doubt, it is better to be more formal than too casual.

It is not suggested to use ‘Kamu’ to people who are older and/or higher in rank because you will be perceived as rude, impolite, and disrespectful. The word ‘kamu’ is almost never said to older person. It is better to use ‘Anda’ or ‘Saudara’ instead of ‘Kamu’
On the other hand, it is always OK to use ‘kamu’ to people who are younger and/or lower in rank than us. Although, using ‘Anda’ is okay to respect others. ‘Anda’ is used in singular or plural.

Example:
Kamu boleh pulang jam 10 (You may go home at 10 o’clock)
Bapak memberi kamu uang untuk membeli buku (Father gives you some money to buy a book)
Semua orang menyukai kamu (All people like you)
Anda sangat baik sekali (You are very kind to me)
Saya berharap Anda semua dapat membantu saya (I hope you all can help me)
Saya berharap Saudara semua dapat membantu saya (I hope you all can help me)
Senang bertemu Anda (It’s nice to meet you)
Bantuan Anda sangat diperlukan (Your helps are needed here)
Bantuan Saudara sangat diperlukan (Your helps are needed here)

Kalian (You)
‘Kalian’ as a second personal pronoun means ‘you’ in plural form. Almost the same as single ‘you’ or ‘kamu’, ‘kalian’ can not be applied in every situation as well as to address any person we talk to. The word ‘kalian’ also depends on the age, gender, and social position of the person you are addressing and the situation.
It is not suggested to use ‘kalian’ to people who are older and/or higher in rank because you will be perceived as rude, impolite, and disrespectful. The word ‘kalian’ is almost never said to older person. It is better to use ‘Anda sekalian’ instead of ‘kalian’ to respect others. Although ‘Anda’ is used in singular or plural, sometimes we may use ‘Anda sekalian’ or ‘Anda semua’

Example:
Kalian boleh pulang jam 10 (You may go home at 10 o’clock)
Bapak memberi kalian uang untuk membeli buku (Father gives you some money to buy a book)
Semua orang menyukai kalian (All people like you)
Anda semua sangat baik sekali (You are very kind to me)
Saya berharap Anda sekalian dapat membantu saya (I hope you all can help me)
Senang bertemu Anda semua (It’s nice to meet you)

Kami (We – us – our)
'Kami' (exclusive/excludes listener) is used when the person or people being spoken to are not included. Kami (we, referring to 1st and 3rd person),

Example:
Kami akan pergi ke Jakarta besok (We will go to Jakarta tomorrow); the listener is not in a part of the speaker or the speaker will go with other persons.
Kami memiliki rumah baru (We have a new house)
Rumah kami dekat dengan sungai (Our house is close to the river)

Kita (We)
'Kita' (inclusive/includes listener) includes the opposite party. The usage of ‘kami’ or ‘kita’ is increasingly confused in colloquial Indonesian. Kita (we, referring to 1st and 2nd person)

Example:
Kita akan pergi ke Jakarta besok (We will go to Jakarta tomorrow); the listener is in a part of the speaker or the speaker will go with the listener.
Kita harus pulang (We must go home)
Ibu sedang menunggu kita di rumah (Mother is waiting for us at home)
Rumah kita dekat dengan sungai (Our house is close to the river)

Mereka (They – them – their)
‘Mereka’ is the third party (persons, animals, things) in plural form. In Bahasa Indonesia, ‘mereka’ is commonly used for persons and animals, rarely for things.

Example:
Anak-anak sedang bermain sepak bola, mereka sangat gembira (The children are playing footbal, they are very happy)
Kupu-kupu itu sangat cantik, aku menyukai mereka (Those butterflies are very beautiful, I like them)
Kemarin bapak membeli 5 buku. Buku-buku tersebut diatas meja (Yesterday father bought 5 books. They are on the table)

Dia (He – him – his)
Dia (She – her – her)
‘Dia’ is third person singular. In bahasa Indonesia, there is not any different for ‘dia’. It is used both for male and female. Sometimes, suffix ‘-nya’ is used to refer ‘dia’.
To people who are older and/or higher in rank, ‘beliau’ is used to give respect.

Example:
Santi adalah siswa Sekolah Dasar, dia pergi ke sekolah jalan kaki (Santi is an elementary school student, she goes to school on foot)
Benny sedang membantu bapaknya, dia adalah anak yang rajin (Benny is helping his father, he is a diligent boy)
Mr. Surya seorang guru, beliau berasal dari Surabaya (Mr. Surya is a teacher, he comes from Surabaya)
Joe adalah anak yang baik, aku suka padanya (Joe is a good boy, I like him)

Dia (It – it – its)
As above, ‘dia’ is third person singular. In bahasa Indonesia, there is rarely found ‘dia’ referring ‘non-living thing’. Sometimes, suffix ‘-nya’ is used to replace ‘dia’.

Example:
Aku memiliki buku baru, aku meletakkannya didalam tas (I have a new book, I put it on my bag)
Ayah membelikan aku sepeda baru, aku membawanya ke sekolah (Father bought me a new bike, I bring it to school)

OK, I think it’s time to have a rest, ……………
See you at the next lesson!!

Reference

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_language
http://www.bahasakita.com/
http://pusatbahasa.diknas.go.id/kbbi/index.php
http://kamus.orisinil.com/
http://bahasa-indonesia.com/index.html

Learning Bahasa Indonesia - Pronunciation

2009-04-27T02:11:00.000-07:00

Like we said in our last article that learning Bahasa Indonesia should be very enjoyable, due to the fact that it is simple language to learn. Almost many of the words are spelled and read as they are. The basic word order/syntax in Bahasa Indonesian is Subject-Verb-Object (SVO). There are not any changes of the VERB in a different adverb of time. There are no TENSES in bahasa Indonesia.

For example:
I read a book (Saya membaca buku)
Alice reads a book (Alice membaca buku)

I am reading a book (Saya sedang membaca buku)
Alice is reading a book (Alice sedang membaca buku)

I read a book yesterday (Saya membaca buku kemarin)
Alice read a book yesterday (Alice membaca buku kemarin)

I will read a book tomorrow (Saya akan membaca buku besok)
Alice will read a book tomorrow (Alice akan membaca buku besok)

How to pronounce?
For foreign language speakers, colloquial Bahasa Indonesia is perhaps among the easiest to learn. Unlike Thailand language, Korean, Japanese, Arabic or Chinese, Indonesian uses the Roman alphabet, and spelling is consistently phonetic. Basic intonation is generally conventional: rising intonation for questions and falling intonation for statements. Words are segmented into syllables all of which receive almost equal stress and are pronounced almost equally one by one. And, there is no TENSES.

Alphabeth
A a ------------- J je ------------- S es
B be ------------- K ka ------------- T te
C ce ------------- L el ------------- U u
D de ------------- M em ------------- V ve
E e ------------- N en ------------- W we
F ef ------------- O o ------------- X eks
G ge ------------- P pe ------------- Y ye
H ha ------------- Q ki ------------- Z zet
I i ------------- R er

Vowels
There are five vowels in bahasa Indonesia.

a always pronounced like the a in 'father', ‘car’
example:
api (fire) padi (rice) kepala (head)
apakah(what) makan (eat) bapak (father)
baju (clothes)

e has two different pronunciations, 'e' is pronounced like the e in 'enjoy' and 'establish'
example:
empat (four) beli (buy) beras (rice)
kelapa (coconut) penat (tired)

e is also pronounced similar to the 'e' in ‘red’
example:
enak (delicious) desa (village) bebek (duck)
pensil (pencil) keju (cheese)

e is also pronounced similar to the 'e' in 'republic'
example:
republik (republic)
presiden (president)
demo (strike)

i always pronounced like the ee in 'meet' or 'bee'
example:
ini (this) itu (that) biji (seed)
ikan (fish) ingat (remember)

o always pronounced like the o in 'go' but short
example:
toko (shop) kota (city) koran (newspaper)
radio (radio) obat (medicine)

o always pronounced like the o in ‘saw’
example:
botol (bottle)
kotor (dirty)
kompor (stove)

u always pronounced like the oo in 'spoon' and 'tooth'
example:
buku (book) guru (teacher) untuk (for)
tubuh (body) bubur (porridge)

Diphthongs
Diphthongs are made by combining vowels with one another.
ai pronounced like the word 'eye'
example:
lantai (floor)
pantai (beach)
kaisar (emperor)

au pronounced like the ow in 'cow' and 'now'
example:
kemarau (drough) pulau (island)
walau (although) engkau (you)
aura (aura) audit (audit)

oi is similar to the oi sound in 'boy'
example:
koboi (cowboy)
boikot (boycott)

Consonants
There are 21 main consonants in Indonesian, (b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z). Most consonants are pronounced roughly as in English (close enough to get you by). Some consonants are influenced by Arabic (like ‘q’) and for scientific usage (like ‘x’). There are some consonants that need additional attention, including double consonants as follows:

c always pronounced like ch in 'chicken'
example:
cari (search)
cinta (love)
benci (hate)

g always hard as in 'girl'
example:
garam (salt)
gula (sugar)
gelas (glass)
surga (heaven)

h normally very soft in the beginning or middle of a word; in the final position, h must be pronounced audibly
example:
hidup (live)
tahun (year)
buruh (laborer)
membunuh (kill)

kh represents one phonetic unit, and is found primarily in words of Arabic derivation
example:
akhir (end, last)
mutakhir (sophisticated)
makhluk (creature)
khusus (special)

ng pronounced much like the ng in 'hanger'; notice that ng may occur at the beginning of a word
example:
mengantuk (sleepy)
tangan (hand)
datang (come)
ngengat (moth)

ngg pronounced like the ng in 'finger' and 'tango'
example:
panggil (call)
tunggu (wait)
pinggul (hip)

ny similar to the ny in 'canyon'
example:
nyamuk (mosquito)
tanya (ask)
banyak (many)

r trilled or rolled, as it is in Spanish
example:
rakus (greedy)
seratus (a hundred)
baru (new)
belajar (learn)

k at the end of a syllable, k serves as a glotal stop and is never aspirated (no puff of air)
example:
kata (word)
katak (frog)
anak (child)

sy hissing sound, similar to the sy in 'symbol'
example:
syukur (praise)
syahdu (quiet)
musyawarah (deliberation)

See you in the next lesson, ...........

Reference

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_language
http://www.bahasakita.com/
http://pusatbahasa.diknas.go.id/kbbi/index.php
http://kamus.orisinil.com/
http://bahasa-indonesia.com/index.html

Learning Bahasa Indonesia (Introduction)

2009-04-21T01:04:00.000-07:00

Why should we learn Indonesian Language? Indonesian language (or Bahasa Indonesia) is the official national language of Indonesia. It is based on a version of Malay from the Riau islands in western Indonesia. It was first declared the official language with the declaration of Indonesian independence in 1945, following the 1928 unifying-language declaration in the Indonesian Youth Pledge.

Almost 100% of Indonesia's 240 million inhabitants speak the language and it is one of most widely spoken languages in the world. Most Indonesians, aside from speaking the national language, are fluent in another regional language or local dialect (examples include Minangkabau, Batak, Atjeh, Sundanese, Javanese, Madura, Balinese, Papua, etc) that are commonly used at home and within the local community.

Over the years, the Bahasa Indonesian, mostly through trade contacts, international media and international relationship, have been influenced and expanded by foreign languages such as Sanskrit, Tamil, Chinese, Arabic, Portuguese, Dutch, and English. By having the ability to communicate in Bahasa Indonesia, foreigners, travellers, business people or whoever will feel so helpfull to relate to the Indonesian people, get comfort where you want to go, and get safe much more out of visits. Moreover, there are a lot of beautiful natural tourism destinations in this country, not just BALI.

So, learning Bahasa Indonesia should be very enjoyable, due to the fact that it is simple language to learn. Almost many of the words are spelled and read as they are. The basic word order/syntax in Bahasa Indonesian is Subject-Verb-Object (SVO). There are not any changes of the VERB in a different adverb of time.

For example:
I read a book (Saya membaca buku)
Alice reads a book (Alice membaca buku)

I am reading a book (Saya sedang membaca buku)
Alice is reading a book (Alice sedang membaca buku)

I read a book yesterday (Saya membaca buku kemarin)
Alice read a book yesterday (Alice membaca buku kemarin)

I will read a book tomorrow (Saya akan membaca buku besok)
Alice will read a book tomorrow (Alice akan membaca buku besok)

==============================
Is it so simple? We will come back……
==============================

Reference
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indonesian_language
http://www.bahasakita.com/
http://pusatbahasa.diknas.go.id/kbbi/index.php
http://kamus.orisinil.com/
http://bahasa-indonesia.com/index.html
http://www.asia-atlas.com/maps/indonesia-map.jpg
http://www.digitcom-tech.co.ae/world_big.jpg

AntiVirus

2009-04-17T14:23:00.000-07:00

Did you ever scream out when your computer hang suddenly because of infected by intruders? What did you do after that? Just take deep breath, kicking your PC, or just praying?

One day, I almost kicked the CPU because when I was in a hurry finishing jobs, the PC suddenly stopped operating. I thought I might be joked by virus programmers. I knew I didn’t update my antivirus, or the new virus was cleverer to destroy my defense.

I feel confused to make a good choice for a good antivirus. There are so many choices. Then, I decided to choose and use these antiviruses for my PC.

1. AVG Free Edition 8.5.287

AVG Free Edition is the well-known anti-virus protection tool. AVG Free is available free-of-charge to home users for the life of the product! Rapid virus database updates are available for the lifetime of the product, thereby providing the high-level of detection capability that millions of users around the world trust to protect their computers. AVG Free is easy-to-use and will not slow your system down (low system resource requirements).

Highlights include:

Automatic update functionality
The AVG Resident Shield, which provides real-time protection as files are opened and programs are run
The AVG E-mail Scanner, which protects your e-mail
The AVG On-Demand Scanner, which allows the user to perform scheduled and manual tests
Free Virus Database Updates for the lifetime of the product
AVG Virus Vault for safe handling of infected files

from http://www.avg.com/

2. avast! Home Edition FREE antivirus software for Windows with anti-spyware protection:

avast! Home Edition is a full-featured antivirus package designed exclusively for non-commercial & home use only. Both of these conditions should be met! The company offers the Home Edition free of charge, since, it is possible to avoid global virus spreading by efficient prevention; however, many users are not able to or do not want to pay for antivirus software. Institutions and organizations (non-commercial including) are not allowed to use avast! Home Edition.

However, ALWIL Software offers a special discount program for all avast! antivirus products for non-profit, charity, educational, health and government institutions.

From: http://www.avast.com/eng/avast-free-home-antivirus-antispyware.html

3. Ansav +EA description

Ansav is a free antivirus utility designed to identify, thwart and eliminate computer viruses and other malicious software (malware).

ANSAV, abbreviation from An's AntiVirus, is an application that runs on Windows XP and was made especially to handle various malware like virus, Trojan and Spyware.

This is not a commercial Antivirus, ANSAV was only designed as portable software and can be undertaken without needing the installation, because ANSAV is not resident and only treats.

At this time ANSAV could have detected various newest local virus (Indonesia
Viruses) and several foreign viruses that often circulated in Indonesia, but ANSAV cannot be relied on as personal Antivirus because there are quite a few viruses that could be detected by other Antivirus softwares and were not detected by ANSAV. This was caused by the limitations of the Antivirus database (the virus definition signature).

ANSAV was developed for Indonesian purpose (local support only) although it can detect several foreign viruses, therefore users’ role is to always send the sample of the newest virus that still could not be detected by ANSAV, so that ANSAV would become main weapon to eradicate the virus, especially the local virus.

ANSAV contains the definitions of more than 776 viruses.

From: http://www.softpedia.com/get/PORTABLE-SOFTWARE/Antivirus---Antispyware/Windows-Portable-Applications-Ansav.shtml

What do you think the best AntiVirus in your opinion? Last week I found a good site about AntiVirus Comparison. You can find independent comparatives of Anti-Virus software when you visit http://www.av-comparatives.org/. All products listed in comparatives are already a selection of some very good anti-virus products. In the Comparatives section you can find additional tests and reviews.

The main comparative reports are usually published during the following months. If you plan to buy an Anti-Virus, please visit the vendor's site and evaluate their software by downloading a trial version, as there are also many other features (e.g. firewall, HIPS, behaviorblocker, etc.) and important things (e.g. price, graphical user interface, compatibility, etc.) for an Anti-Virus that you should evaluate by yourself. Even if quite important, the data provided in the test reports on this site are just some aspects that you should consider when buying Anti-Virus software.
Visit: http://www.av-comparatives.org/

Those are all I know about AntiVirus. Although there are many brand names of Antivirus, these are all I know. Whether I choose right choice or not I don’t care. However, I still open my mind to accept any comment and suggestion from all nice friends in this world like you. For virus programmers, don’t stop working and keep innovating. Because, without you this world is so lonely and uninteresting.

download this material >>> click HERE

ReadPlease 2003

2009-04-12T19:37:00.000-07:00

ReadPlease 2003 is a software that lets your computer talk. ReadPlease 2003 is a software for all people who learn to speak in English through reading text. Elementary School students in a country where English is not the first or second language may need this software to learn reading. This software is very helpful for anyone who can not read English Text normally and fluently.

ReadPlease 2003 is a free version that never expires. However, ReadPlease Plus 2003 has a free trial period of 30-days after which you may purchase a registration code to unlock the software. This download includes both versions of ReadPlease. You may choose whatever you like.

ReadPlease 2003 is very simple to download and install, just follow the intruction carefuly, you will have this usefull material. However, ReadPlease Plus 2003 requires some extra steps.

Windows XP Users need to follow these steps:
**Making ReadPlease Plus 2003 work for Vista**

The program doesn't need to be installed with User Account Control disabled. Install it as you would any other program.

Once it's installed follow these steps:

Right click the desktop shortcut and choose "Properties"
Select the "Compatibility" Tab
Under the "Privilege Level" Option - Select "Run this program as an administrator" - click OK

For the moment you will get a prompt from the User Account Control every time it starts.

Features:

Microsoft voices: Mike, Mary, Sam
Customize font and background colour
Reads text via Windows clipboard from any program (copy/paste)
Control reading from system tray
Reads e-mail emoticons
Adjustable voice speed (rate)
Low vision colour option
ReadPlease Enable your website

Plus version only features:

Low vision large controls option
Fast forward and backward
Highlights text while reading
Dock Mode - will dock at the top of the screen
Add your own words and pronunciations
Play can start anywhere in a document
Adjustable pause between paragraphs
Hot-key controls for all functions
AT&T Natural Voices compatible More languages

Direct download >>> HERE
If it fails you may download from >>> HERE

Reference:
http://www.readplease.com

If you want to have reading material, click >>> HERE

Cheating on Test

2009-04-06T03:04:00.000-07:00

A few days later, Monday, 20 April 2009, Indonesian students will have National Final Examination (UAN) starting from Senior High School (SMA) at that date. Junior High School (SMP) will be the next week and be followed by students of Elementary School (SD) at the next month.

So, these days can be the busiest days for students. Believe it? Not at all. Honestly, not all students make good plans to face the final exam. Some prefer study hard and hard. Some join many courses or try out to prepare the mental. The rests rely on God’s helps. Which one do you belong to? Or you have another method to prepare the “battle”?

In many places – in many schools – the busiest person to face the exam is NOT the student, but the TEACHER. He or she feels worry about the students if they will not pass the exam. Do the students have the same feeling?

The time runs by. Many preparation have been tried to apply. But, one thing, should the students have a last defend – trick or cheat. For some students, it’s not the last defend but first trial or the only strength they have.

Here are some tips cheating for dummies:

Ask to go to the bathroom

Pretty simple. If you have a difficult problem of answering the question, you may ask permission to visit the bathroom. You may hope that there will be many possible answer that may help you. The password is: “Sir (Mom), may I wash my hands?”

Go silent your phone

It will be destroy everything if your phone alerts. The whole class will kill you due to your disturbance. It's almost safe if the girls wear veil. It can cover the phone because they can use wired ear-phone. But it must be known that the veil must not be used for cheating.

Watch out your little book.

Students little book is the secret weapon to face in the tests. They can write with the unusual font size, very little. But beware of the book, never make it fall down.

Use your own language

It’s very helpful if you have your own language or special coding. Applying this method seems to have little risk but still have to more careful and perfect preparation.

Don’t use your body painting.

Painting body? No, I mean, just writing some cheat-notes in thigh, palm, or any other parts of body. Some girls often found to write cheat-note on the thigh, or arm - especially if they wore short/mini skirt or long sleeve uniform. even they may hide the note inside their uuppps, sorry but, it also often happen. Do you think it is very helpful? (helpful for the boys ....... hahaha)

Learn magic trick

We may wonder to the magician who can make money appear and disappear. If you can not maintain the trick, don’t dream it will help you.

There are still so many other tricks the students can apply. However, the teacher also have almost the same things, because they were students too. But, like proverb, thieves are cleverer than the police will happen in this discussion, because the students will try fo find the innovation of making safe cheating methods.

How to NOT get caught cheating

When cheating in an exam, the most important thing is NOT getting caught. So, how do you not get caught?

Don’t be nervous. Be confident. Have faith in your methods, know that you won’t get caught. If that’s the way you’re thinking about things, then you won’t get caught. Simple as that.
Don’t look around too much! Only look around when you really need to see if a teacher is near. If a teacher sees you looking around a lot, that can make them suspicious of you.
When a teacher walks past, act calm. Pretend that you don’t care, and don’t look at them! - The look on your face can tell them a lot of things. Just sit and look at your exam paper as if you’re thinking and pretend to write things down, then scribble it out after they walk past.
All in all, just be NORMAL. Be yourself.

If You're Caught

Deny, Deny, Deny: Never admit cheating --- ever! Invent a plausible story. If you stick to your story, say it enough times with enough conviction and emotion, they'll start to doubt themselves. Once they doubt, their conscience will bother them: after all, what if they're making a mistake when a mistake could ruin someone's life?
Badger: Go to their office to plead your case and don't take no for an answer --- don't leave their office until they give in. Most people won't call the police on you, so keep saying you're going to leave but don't leave. Eventually, most profs get frustrated and figure it's not worth the effort.
Squeaky Wheel: if you raise a big enough stink far enough up the line, they'll cave in because it's not worth the trouble. And if they don't, their boss or their boss's boss will.
Ignorance: If possible, say you didn't know it was wrong.
Remorse: if the evidence is really against you, cry uncontrollably. Sob about how one small mistake will ruin your whole life and your family's lives.
Not on the Syllabus: argue that since it wasn't specifically prohibited on the syllabus, it wasn't prohibited.

There are more or less 77 tricks that you should see, not only for students but also for the teacher. Download the material from >>> HERE (or from here)
If you insist to cheat on the test, watch THIS (if it fails, you may download from here)

Caution:
This Note is written to 13++ students and all TEACHERS,
The risk is on your own hands.
If it's not good for health just leave it, let's do something from good things.
Let's learn until we earn.

Reference:
http://www.cheatinexams.com/
http://teachopolis.org/justice/cheating/cheating_how_to.htm
http://blog.kavilan.com/2007/07/08/another-kick-ass-exam-cheating-tip/
http://www.wikihow.com/Cheat-On-a-Test
http://agungekanugraha.wordpress.com/2008/06/24/akhir-semester-yang-menyimpan-banyak-cerita/
http://www.mahasiswa.us/pages/blog/showblog.php?blogid=14

A Short History of Majapahit Kingdom

2009-04-02T04:40:00.000-07:00

Visit TROWULAN, Revival of The Majapahit KINGDOM
The Biggest Kingdom 1293 – 1527 in Indonesia

Eastern Javanese history usually divided into three dynasty periods. The first was the period when the kings of Kadiri ruled over Java (10th - 1222 AD) they ware succeeded by the dynasty of Singasari (1222 - 1293 AD), which in turn was replaced by the kings of Majapahit (1293 - early 16th century).

Raden Wijaya was the son-in law of Kertanegara the last king of Singasari who had been murdered by Jayakatwang from Gelang-Gelang. Then Jayakatwang was defeated by Wijaya Utilizing the Mongol armies, who came to Java to punish Kertanegara. Finally by cunning tricks Wijaya defeated the Mongols and drove then away. Then Wijaya ascended the throne as the finest king of Majapahit on 1293 AD. In the Lands of Trik he built a strong hold, and the capital was named Majapahit also, after the bitter maja fruit, a sort of tree which grew in abundance in that area. His formal name was Kertarajasa Jayawarddhana. Wijaya died in 1309 AD.

(taken fromhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Majapahit,_Genealogical_Diagram.gif)

He was succeeded by his son, Jayanegara, whose mother was a Malayu princess. Jayanegara was murdered by his surgeon on 1328 AD. He should be succeeded by his stepmother, Rajapatni who retread from court to become a nun in Buddhist monastery, Therefore she appointed her daughter, Tribhuwana Tunggadewi as a queen of Majapahit to rule under her auspices.

The famous prime minister Gajah Mada assisted Tribhuwana in her reign, and would afterward serve King Hayam Wuruk also. During Tribhuwana’s rule Majapahit grew to be a great kingdom and famous on all the seas of the Archipelago and a broad. Tribhuwana ruled until the death of her mother in 1350 AD. Then her son Hayam Wuruk ascended the throne.

Majapahit’s power reached its summit under the rule of King Hayam Wuruk. Gajah Mada was again prime minister until his death in 1365 AD. After Hayam Wuruk died in 1389 AD, the country was split up by fraternal conflicts. Hayam Wuruk had been succeeded by the crown princess Kusumawarddhani, who had married a relative, Prince Wikramawarddhana. Hayam Wuruk also had a son by his previous marriage, that was the crown princess Wirabhumi. He was jealous of his sister and his brother in-law, so he claimed rights to the throne. The tense relations between the two parties remained a smoldering fire during some. It grew into a big blaze at the beginning of the 15 the century when a fraternal war called Paregreg was declared and lasted from 1403 to 1406 AD. At last Wikramawarddhana want war while Wirabhumi who fled at night, was caught and decapitated. Then the country was reunited by Wikramawarddhana, who ruled to 1492 AD.

Wikramawarddhana, had been succeeded by his daughter Suhita, who ruled from 1426 to 1447 AD. She was the second child of Wikramawarddhana by a concubine who was the daughter of Wirabhumi. Suhita was appointed a queen to gain peace. At 1447 AD, Suhita died and was succeeded by kertawijaya, a brother of her. He ruled until 1451 AD. After Kertawijaya died, Bhre Pamotan become a king with formal name Rajasawarddhana and ruled at Kahuripan. He died in 1453 AD. After that during three years Majapahit grew internally weaker and until 1456 AD, when Bhre Wengker came forward to hold position as a leader. He was a son of Kertawijaya. He died at 1466 AD and succeeded by Singhawikramawarddhana. At 1468 AD suddenly Kertabhumi attacked and promoted himself as king of Majapahit. Meanwhile Singhawikramawarddhana moved to Daha and continued his rule until he was succeeded by his son Ranawijaya at 1474 AD. In 1478 AD he conquered Kertabhumi and brought Majapahit which had been divided into one Kingdom. Ranawijaya ruled from 1474 AD to 1519 AD with formal name Girindrawarddhana. Nevertheless, Majapahit situation decayed already by many and long lasting family conflicts and enhanced by the growing-up of the north-coastal petty kingdoms in Java.
(From http://www.eastjava.com/books/trowulan/history/history.html)

Download this material, click >>> here
If it fails, you may download from HERE

References:

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Trowulan_Archaeological_Site.gif
http://www.eastjava.com/books/majapahit/
http://www.majapahit-kingdom.com/
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/358901/Majapahit-empire
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Majapahit
http://www.majapahit-kingdom.com/cms/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=17&Itemid=5
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Majapahit,_Genealogical_Diagram.gif
({{Information |Description={{en|1=Emblem of the Majapahit Empire}} |Source=Own work by uploader |Author=Dre.comandante |Date= |Permission= |other_versions= }} )

Simple Past Tense

2009-03-30T23:53:00.000-07:00

What did you study yesterday?
I studied English

Perhatikan kalimat diatas dengan seksama!

Bayangkan, hari ini adalah hari Senin. Kamu bertemu temanmu dan menanyakan suatu pertanyaan kepadanya seperti diatas.

What did you study yesterday? (Apa yang kamu pelajari kemarin?)
(Pertanyaan ini berbentuk LAMPAU, karena menanyakan suatu yang dikerjakan subyek pada waktu yang telah lewat ketika terjadinya percakapan; yaitu kemarin/yesterday)

Jawaban yang bisa diberikan atas pertanyaan tersebut adalah:
I studied English (Saya belajar Bahasa Inggris)
(Jawaban tersebut meskipun tidak lagi menyertakan keterangan waktu, masih dapat ditentukan bahwa kalimat tersebut berbentuk LAMPAU juga. Kita bisa melihatnya dari bentuk kata kerja/predikat yang digunakan)

Pelajari beberapa contoh kalimat lainnya:

1. What did you watch last night? <=> Apa yang kamu tonton kemarin malam?
I watched Candid Camera on TV <=> Saya menonton Candid Camera di TV

2. What did your mother cook yesterday? <=> Apa yang dimasak ibumu kemarin?
She (My mother) cooked soup <=> Ibuku memasak sayur sup

3. What did Tina wait for yesterday? <=> Apa yang ditunggu Tina kemarin?
She (Tina) waited for the bus <=> Tina menunggu bis

4. What did you buy last Sunday? <=> Apa yang kamu beli Minggu yang lalu?
I bought some books <=> Saya membeli beberapa buku

5. What did Anisa eat last night? <=> Apa yang dimakan Anisa tadi malam?
She (Anisa) ate meatball <=> Anisa makan bakso

Jika kita perhatikan, bentuk Kata Kerja yang dipakai dalam kalimat tersebut memiliki bentuk tertentu yang khusus. Kata Kerja yang dipergunakan adalah Kata Kerja Bentuk 2 (Verb2 atau Past Tense), yaitu kata kerja yang sering dipergunakan untuk menyatakan suatu pekerjaan, kegiatan, aktivitas atau perbuatan yang dikerjakan pada waktu yang telah lalu/telah lewat/lampau.

Beberapa keterangan waktu yang menyatakan waktu lampau, antara lain

o> Yesterday
o> Last ……. (night, week, month, year, Sunday, dsb)
o> Long ago/ long time ago/two days ago (dulu)
o> This morning (tadi pagi)
o> Just now (baru saja)
Dsb

Catatan lengkap & Latihan >>> Download DISINI
Or download from HERE

Berlatihlah dengan berbagai bentuk Kata Kerja

Download Kumpulan Simple Verbs

VERB Easy
Verb Medium
Verb Difficult
100 Commonly Used VERBs

Contoh Bacaan

Swimming

When I was a boy, I liked swimming very much. Each year my two brothers and I spent the holiday with our uncle and aunt in their house by the sea. It was only twenty yards from the water. The water was warm, the sun shone brightly, and most days there were no waves. In the middle of the day a wind always began to blow, but it was not strong and did not make the sea rough.

One day, we put on our swimming-shorts before breakfast. Then, we ran down to the sea across the sand and jumped in. We were in the sea or on the beach until late at night. When our aunt rang a bell, we went back to the house for food, but we ate it in our swimming-shorts and soon went back in the sea again. We were all very good swimmers. We dived through the waves or rode towards the beach on top of them until we were tired and hungry.

let's start from wherever (1)

2009-03-01T16:58:00.001-08:00

english is not our mother language. because our family are not from the country where that language is spoken. many people learn to speak using this language, there must be something special (maybe something important or something hidden) behind this language.

this writing is just a draft to bring us learning to speak in language. are you interested to help us build this place? so that we can learn together, apply together and share experience.

this place isn't very good one, but it's much better than doing nothing for friends who are still hate speaking english (because they think they can't).

tell us what are the barriers which make us reluctant to use this language. if we show how important this language is, will you open your heart and start joining us and learning together?

we just can wait, and while we are waiting, you can give us questions, suggestion, advice, support, to make this place grow.