hentos

Chinese hackers ‘using ghost network to control embassy computers’

noreply@blogger.com (hentos) — Mon, 30 Mar 2009 17:46:00 +0000

A spy network believed to have been controlled from China has hacked into classified documents on government and private computers in 103 countries, according to internet researchers. The spy system, dubbed GhostNet, is alleged to have compromised 1,295 machines at Nato and foreign ministries, embassies, banks and news organisations across the world, as well as computers used by the Dalai Lama and Tibetan exiles.

The work of Information Warfare Monitor (IWM) investigators focused initially on allegations of Chinese cyber-espionage against the Tibetan exile community, but led to a much wider network of compromised machines. IWM said that, while China appeared to be the main source of the network, it had not been able conclusively to identify the hackers. The IWM is composed of researchers from an Ottawa-based think-tank, SecDev Group, and the Munk Centre for International Studies at the University of Toronto.

They found that the foreign ministries of Iran, Bangladesh, Latvia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Brunei, Barbados and Bhutan had been spied on remotely, and the embassies of India, South Korea, Indonesia, Romania, Cyprus, Malta, Thailand, Taiwan, Portugal, Germany and Pakistan hacked.

The operation is thought to be the most extensive yet uncovered in the political world and is estimated to be invading more than a dozen new computers a week. Other infected computers were found at the accountancy firm Deloitte & Touche in New York.

The IWM report said: “GhostNet represents a network of compromised computers in high-value political, economic and media locations in numerous countries worldwide. These organisations are almost certainly oblivious to the compromised situation in which they find themselves. The computers of diplomats, military attachés, private assistants, secretaries to prime ministers, journalists and others are under the concealed control of unknown assailant(s).

“In Dharamsala [the headquarters of the Tibetan government in exile] and elsewhere, we have witnessed machines being profiled and sensitive documents being removed. Almost certainly, documents are being removed without the targets’ knowledge, key-strokes logged, web cameras are being silently triggered and audio inputs surreptitiously activated.”

Chinese hackers are thought to have targeted Western networks repeatedly. Computers at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office and other Whitehall departments were attacked from China in 2007. In the same year, Jonathan Evans, the MI5 Director-General, alerted 300 British businesses that they were under Chinese cyber-attack.

British intelligence chiefs have warned recently that China may have gained the capability effectively to shut down Britain by crippling its telecoms and utilities. Equipment installed by Huawei, the Chinese telecoms giant, in BT’s new communications network could be used to halt critical services such as power, food and water supplies, they said.

The Chinese Embassy in London said that there was no evidence to back up the claim that the Chinese Government was behind GhostNet and alleged that the report had been “commissioned by the Tibetan government in exile”.

Liu Weimin, a spokesman, said: “I will not be surprised if this report is just another case of their recent media and propaganda campaign. In China, it is against the law to hack into the computers of others, and we are victims of such cyber-attack. It is a global challenge that requires global cooperation. China is an active participant in such cooperation in the world.”

Once the hackers had infiltrated the systems, they gained control using malware – software installed on the compromised computers – and sent and received data from them, the researchers said. “The GhostNet system directs infected computers to download a Trojan known as Ghost Rat that allows attackers to gain complete, real-time control,” IWM said. “These instances of Ghost Rat are consistently controlled from commercial internet access accounts located on the island of Hainan, in the People’s Republic of China.”

Hainan is home to the Lingshui signals intelligence facility and the Third Technical Department of the People’s Liberation Army, IWM said.

Greg Walton, editor of IWM, said: “Regardless of who or what is ultimately in control of GhostNet, it is the capabilities of exploitation, and the strategic intelligence that can be harvested from it, which matters most. Indeed, although the Achilles’ heel of the GhostNet system allowed us to monitor and document its far-reaching network of infiltration, we can safely hypothesise that it is neither the first nor the only one of its kind.”

IE8 to be launched later today

noreply@blogger.com (hentos) — Thu, 19 Mar 2009 11:45:00 +0000

By Elizabeth Montalbano, IDG news service

Microsoft is set to make its Internet Explorer 8 browser available later today, tying it in with a company-commissioned report claiming IE8 is more secure against malware than rival browsers from Mozilla and Google.

Users will be able to download IE8 in 25 languages from 5.00 (GMT) this afternoon from the IE8 website or Microsoft's download centre.

Microsoft has been preparing users for the new browser since the launch of the first IE8 beta a year ago, stressing performance improvements, better support for Internet technology standards, the addition of new features to help people keep track of most visited sites and favourite sources of information, and of course, security, as highlights of the new browser.

According to the report Microsoft has just released, based on research conducted by NSS Labs, IE8's Release Candidate 1 was 69 percent effective at catching malware before it did damage to a user's system. Mozilla Firefox 3.07 came in second with a 30 percent effectiveness rate, with Apple Safari's 3 in third place with a 24-percent rate and Google's Chrome 1.0.154 in fourth place with 16 percent effectiveness rate

NSS Labs said in the report that the data was collected from tests conducted in just over 12 days from 26 February to 10 March. During the course of the test, the company said it monitored connectivity to ensure the browsers could access the live malware sites being tested, and performed 141 discrete tests. The margin of error of the tests was 3.76 percent, according to NSS Labs.

Amy Barzdukas, a senior director at Microsoft, acknowledged that it might be a conflict of interest for Microsoft to sponsor a report in which IE8 came out on top in terms of security. However, she encouraged people to "look closely at the results" before making a judgment call on the validity of the report.

IE8 will be included as part of the Windows 7 OS. However, for the first time since adding browser technology to its operating system, Microsoft will give users the ability to turn off IE8 as a feature in the system.

This decision was outlined in a blog post on the Engineering Windows 7 blog. Microsoft is under pressure from an ongoing anti-trust case in the European Union to give users more browser choice in Windows.

Digital time machine to save old data

noreply@blogger.com (hentos) — Fri, 13 Feb 2009 15:45:00 +0000

A software emulator is being developed by computer historians and researchers at Portsmouth University, which will recognise and run all data files from the 1970s through to the present day.

Experts are building the world's first "general purpose emulator", which they hope will be able to read all types of computer file, from Space Invaders and Pacman arcade machines to the floppy discs and minidiscs of more recent years.

The emulator is part of an EU €4 million (£3.6 million) project called KEEP (Keeping Emulation Environments Portable), which is designed to preserve digital files which may otherwise have been lost.

The researchers also hope to "future-proof" the software so every single piece of data and software created can be coded to be read by newer and faster computers in the future.

"People don't think twice about saving files digitally - from snapshots taken on a camera phone to national or regional archives," said computer historian Dr Janet Delve.

"But every digital file risks being either lost by degrading or by the technology used to 'read' it disappearing altogether. Former generations have left a rich supply of books, letters and documents which tell us who they were, how they lived and what they discovered. There's a very real risk that we could bequeath a blank spot in history."

A vast amount of digital information is created each year. By 2010 the amount of digital information created worldwide "will be equivalent to 18 million times the information contained in all the books ever written." The rate of growth shows no signs of slowing.

Fellow historian Dr David Anderson said: "We are facing a massive threat of the loss of digital information. It's a very real and worrying problem. Things that were created in the 1970s, 80s and 90s are vanishing fast and every year new technologies mean we face greater risk of losing material."

Anderson said future generations could face a "cultural catastrophe" with the loss of software from early games consoles and computers.

"Games particularly tend not to be archived because they are seen as disposable, pulp cultural artefacts, but they represent a really important part of our recent cultural history," adds researcher and computer games expert Dan Pinchbeck. "Games are one of the biggest media formats on the planet and we must preserve them for future generations."

Back in November, a Sydney computer society donated an ancient IBM tape drive so that valuable mission data gathered by NASA's Apollo missions to the moon forty years ago could be recovered.

By Siobhan Chapman, Computerworld UK

Microsoft puts bounty on Conficker creator

noreply@blogger.com (hentos) — Fri, 13 Feb 2009 15:43:00 +0000

Microsoft has upped the ante in the attack on the Conficker worm by offering a US$250,000 reward for information leading to the arrest and conviction of Conficker's creators.

The software vendor said it was also working with security researchers, domain name registrars and the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to try to take down the servers that have been launching the Conficker attacks. ICANN is the non-profit corporation that oversees Internet addresses.

"The best way to defeat potential botnets like Conficker/Downadup is by the security and domain name system communities working together," said Greg Rattray, ICANN chief Internet security adviser. "ICANN represents a community that's all about coordinating those kinds of efforts to keep the Internet globally secure and stable."

Conficker, also known as the Downadup worm, takes advantage of a critical bug in Windows, which was patched last October. Since late December the worm has emerged as one of the worst computer threats in years, infecting more than 10 million computer systems worldwide, including PCs within the British and French militaries.

If Conficker's author lives in a part of the world that's known to be soft on cybercrime - Russia, the Ukraine or Romania, for example - it may be hard to get a conviction, said the editor of the Hostexploit cybercrime research site, who goes by the pseudonym Jart Armin.

On the other hand, the $250,000 reward may be an incentive to hackers who may know who's responsible. Typically, hackers get paid about $10,000 by organised crime groups for writing an attack that reliably works on a significant number of computers, Armin said.

This isn't the first time Microsoft has offered such a bounty. In 2005, it paid $250,000 to two people for identifying Sven Jaschan, the teenager who wrote the Sasser worm.

By Robert McMillan, IDG News Service

VMware Fusion now supports Parallels desktop

noreply@blogger.com (hentos) — Fri, 13 Feb 2009 15:40:00 +0000

VMware has announced Fusion 2.0.2, an update to its virtualisation software for Mac OS X.

VMware Fusion, offered as a free update for registered users, enables Intel-based Macs to run other operating systems and their application software as "virtual machines," rather than having to reboot, as you do with Boot Camp. This way you can run Mac OS X and Mac apps alongside Windows, Linux and other operating systems that work on Intel hardware. It also operates on Apple's Xserve systems as an enterprise server virtualisation product.

The new 2.0.2 update features the ability to import virtual machines created using a competitive product - Parallels Desktop 4. The update supports Parallels Server as well.

Also new is the ability to mount a .DMG (disk image) from a virtual machine, as Leopard Server can also be virtualised. An issue with running Mac OS X 10.5.6-based virtual machines has been fixed, and problems associated with installing the Leopard Server virtual machine on new MacBooks, MacBook Pros and MacBook Air have also been fixed.

Fusion 2.0.2 improves performance when you browse a Windows shared folder or mirrored folder, and support has been added for Ubuntu's 8.10 "Intrepid Ibex" build.

By Peter Cohen, Macworld.com

Unhitch IE from Windows, says expert

noreply@blogger.com (hentos) — Thu, 12 Feb 2009 14:15:00 +0000

Microsoft would better protect users by severing Internet Explorer's connections to Windows, then patching the browser invisibly in the background - daily if necessary, a security expert has argued.

"The browser is the heaviest-used application that interacts with the Internet, and the most likely source of malicious content. IE vulnerabilities should be given the highest priority and patched first," said Wolfgang Kandek, CTO at security company Qualys.

But that's not what happens in the real world, he said. "Unfortunately, the vulnerability data that we collect shows that companies treat browser patches just like all other patches. IE's patch deployment cycle correlates very closely with other critical patches."

According to data Qualys collected from scans of several hundred thousand Windows PCs owned by its customers, the patching pace for IE vulnerabilities was essentially the same as the rate at which users fixed other non-IE critical flaws.

To pick up that pace, Kandek suggested that Microsoft sever Windows' links to IE completely, then boost IE's update frequency and take some, or all, of the control out of users' hands. "There's just too much user interaction required by Microsoft for IE," he said, referring to the way Microsoft updates its software, IE included, using services such as Windows Update.

"If Microsoft removed IE from Windows and made it independently updatable, I think you'd get improved update performance," said Kandek.

Although pulling IE from Windows would mean that Microsoft would have to come up with a different mechanism for Windows Update - currently the service relies on IE - Kandek believes the benefit to users would be significant. "Taking IE out of the [monthly] patch cycle would give us better protection," he said.

Rather than patching IE only once a month, as it does now, Kandek would like to see Microsoft pick up the pace by rolling out fixes as soon as they're ready, in effect mimicking the update process that Mozilla uses for Firefox, or the even less intrusive approach that Google applies to its Chrome browser.

Firefox users receive a notice when security updates are available, and can click through to download and install the patches. Chrome users, meanwhile, do nothing: Google pushes patches to its browser automatically, and they're installed with no user action required. Either method would be preferable to Microsoft's current update strategy for IE, Kandek said.

That applies for all IE users, including those working for companies where IE is mandatory, and patch deployment can be delayed by testing, or for fear of disrupting workflow. "I think that you should just determine for the corporation to trust Microsoft and their quality control" on the patches, Kandek said.

"Browser patches are heavily tested by Microsoft, and unlikely to break any existing functionality on the desktop."

Microsoft could conceivably split IE from Windows with its newest browser, Internet Explorer 8, which reached "release candidate" status late last month. "IE8 would be a good opportunity," said Kandek.

Ironically, he may get his wish if the European Union has its way. The Competition Commission, the EU's antitrust agency, recently hit Microsoft with a new set of charges , this time concerning IE. On January 15 the Commission said that by tying IE to Windows, Microsoft "distorts competition" in browsers and gives IE "an artificial distribution advantage" over rivals like Firefox, Apple's Safari and Opera Software ASA's Opera.

"If the [Commission's] preliminary views were confirmed, the Commission would consider ordering Microsoft to give users an objective opportunity to choose which competing web browser(s) instead of, or in addition to, Internet Explorer they wanted to install in Windows, and which one they wanted to have as default," said EU spokesman Jonathan Todd in an email.

"Microsoft could also be ordered to technically allow the user to disable Internet Explorer code should the user choose to install a competing browser."

Although IE's market share has been steadily shrinking - under assault from Firefox, first of all, Safari second - it accounted for about 68 percent of all browsers used last month, according to Internet metrics vendor Net Applications Inc.

By Gregg Keizer, Computerworld (US)

Hacker challenge to take aim at browsers and smartphones

noreply@blogger.com (hentos) — Thu, 12 Feb 2009 14:07:00 +0000

Computer & Internet Security News

A high profile hacking contest is set to return next month with hackers being offered a cash prize in order to crack browsers and smartphones, according to the security company that sponsors the "PWN2OWN" challenge.

"We're still in the planning stages for how the competition will be structured," said Terri Forslof, the manager of security response for 3Com's TippingPoint, regarding discussions she's had with organisers of CanSecWest, the security conference slated to begin 16 March in Vancouver, British Columbia.

While the details have yet to be sorted out - including the dollar amounts for prizes and the contest rules - Forslof confirmed that PWN2OWN will actually consist of two separate hacker challenges this year.

The first will be a contest to break into one of several browsers, including Microsoft's Internet Explorer 8 (IE8), which recently reached "release candidate"; Mozilla's Firefox; and Apple's Safari.

That contest will play out on a Sony notebook equipped with Windows 7, the still-under-construction successor to Windows Vista.

The second challenge will pit hackers against a variety of smartphone operating systems, including Google's Android, Microsoft's Windows Mobile and Apple's iPhone operating system, which is a scaled-down version of Mac OS X.

Cash prizes will be awarded, Forslof said today, but the number of prizes and their amounts remains to be decided. As with the past two years, TippingPoint will be the sole sponsor of the PWN2OWN contest.

Last year at CanSecWest, noted Apple vulnerability researcher Charlie Miller broke into a MacBook Air laptop in under two minutes to win $10,000 (£7,070). The next day, security consultant Shane Macaulay claimed a $5,000 prize for breaching a Fujitsu notebook running Windows Vista Service Pack 1 (SP1).

For his part, Miller was frustrated that PWN2OWN would not have a Mac OS X component this year.

"I'm really disappointed that there looks to be no Mac OS X target, as I'm really up to speed on that OS," said Miller, who will be at CanSecWest as a speaker. Although he was confident that he could hack Apple's operating system again, he also said he was up to snuff on both browser and smartphones. "I could theoretically do either contest or both," he said in an email.

Like others, he's waiting for more information - including the prize amounts - before deciding whether to participate.

As in previous PWN2OWN contests, winners will assign the rights to their exploits, and the vulnerabilities they triggered, to TippingPoint, which is known for its Zero Day Initiative bug-bounty program that pays researchers for finding flaws. "We'll use the same process," said Forslof, "where the winner will sign the standard ZDI agreement, and information will be turned over to the vendor."

TippingPoint does not publicly release details of the vulnerabilities it buys, but instead reports them to the appropriate vendor, and uses the information in its own security technology to pre-emptively block attacks.

Forslof said she and organisers of the conference are also in talks with several vendors about the companies having representatives on site during the contests. Last year, researchers from Microsoft, Apple and McAfee were at CanSecWest for consultation.

"I know Dragos [Ruiu] is trying to come up with a different spin on the contest," said Forslof, "but we're still sorting it all out."

Ruiu, one of the CanSecWest organisers, was not immediately available for comment.

By Gregg Keizer, Computerworld (US)

Microsoft announces Internet Explorer beta 2

noreply@blogger.com (hentos) — Thu, 28 Aug 2008 06:49:00 +0000

'Feature complete' version of IE8 available today

Rosemary Hattersley

Microsoft has officially unveiled the final beta version of Internet Explorer 8 (IE8) - the latest version of its web browser.

While refusing to be drawn on how quickly the browser would move from being a "feature complete" public beta, Microsoft's product development team were keen to stress that the software demonstrated today has the same features and functions as will be available in the final version of IE8.

John Curran, Microsoft's UK director for the Windows Client Group, told PC Advisor that IE8 beta 2 is a piece of software that we should "encourage tech enthusiasts" to try for themselves. He acknowledged that the "feature complete" software is not yet ready for widestream consumer adoption, however.

Indeed, during our hour-long demonstration of IE8 beta 2, the odd glitch crept in. On the whole, though, we were shown some interesting new features, including the ability to keep on browsing even if one IE8 browser window crashes. The feature is known as 'loosely-coupled IE'.

Today's demonstration used as an example a YouTube video clip continuing to play even while another IE8 web page had stopped working. An error message stating 'Internet Explorer has stopped working. Please restart your browser' was displayed - the same message you get in existing versions of the browser.

However, a new colourcoded, tabbed browsing experience means that if a page or group of pages crashes, one or all of them can be instantly reinstated, with the entire linked page group becoming active again. This will enable users to quickly get back to where they were and to follow the same links - a timesaving over having to search through the browser history to dig out recently visited pages.

In common with the latest version of Mozilla Firefox, partial web addresses and keywords can be entered into the main address bar and IE8 will work out what's required and offer suggestions of pages it believes the user may be after. These can be autocomplete entries but can also be based on files kept elsewhere on the PC, not just in the browser history.

Once a page has been brought up, address details can be highlighted and a map of the location embedded in to the current page. Curran says that this feature means IE8 users will have a more efficient browsing experience compared with performing the same task in Firefox and using Google Maps to locate an address.

Visual search will be supported in IE8 from the search bar menu on the top right. Here, users can tab through different dedicated and "vertical" search engines - such as the internal search engines in the New York Times, eBay UK and Amazon websites - and view detail information without having to click on each individual search result.

The example we were shown was of an Amazon listing for an obscure band, with album art and user ratings for each record. In this way, we were able to select the most recommended album from the band's discography.

Another feature to aid navigational efficiency is the Accelerator. This is an arrow icon that pops up above a listing and offers to take the user straight to the actual web page. It operates without the need for a specific link to be encoded.

As reported earlier this week, Microsoft has been at pains to ensure a more secure but also more usable web browsing experience. It has disassociated cookies and web page history, allowing users to continue to make use of cookies on sites and pages where they deem it appropriate and useful, but to clear the history so other users can't follow their trail.

A discreet Safety button on the new IE8 menu bar will allow access to a range of security settings and customisation options. These include the InPrivate browser where users can have an isolated web session without others being privy to what they view and how long they spend looking at specific content. Using, the IP address and ISP of the user is noted, as are details about what the user views and where their web surfing takes them. InPrivate Browsing prevents this and also highlights who and what could usually monitor such details - for example, an insurance company when you visit a health advice site.

In another attempt at 'trustworthy browsing', Microsoft has also beefed up its anti-phishing features, adding a link neutraliser feature to nullify the effects of any malware infected web link a user may inadvertently click on.

This means the user can continue to use the web pages they routinely visit - online banking sites being the prime example - but need not worry about having been tricked into clicking on a spoof web link that then records their personal information as they enter it into a web form. The feature uses cross-site scripting to ensure the legitimacy of web links.

Internet Explorer 8 has no firm launch date, but Microsoft spokespeople told us today that the software as it stands is now all-but ready and requires only some tuning and polishing. Curran told us that some elements of IE8 have been shown to be up to 400% faster than in IE7. He also says IE8 will be more robust.

Internet Explorer is the world's most popular web browser and is installed on more PCs worldwide than any other.

IE8 works with Windows XP service packs 2 and 3 as well as Server 2000 and Windows Vista and Vista SP1. It is not currently available for the Mac except through Parallels or Boot Camp. Annoucements about updates to the mobile version of Internet Explorer will be made in due course.

resources www.pcadvisor.co.uk/

hi.. hentosan.. ^^

noreply@blogger.com (hentos) — Fri, 11 Apr 2008 16:04:00 +0000

hi all.. introducing the invinsible hentosan.. hahaha eng!! ing!!! eng!! named Cory Tjendrakasih. nice to meet you guys... be nice to the only girl :D

Ayo Zakat !

noreply@blogger.com (hentos) — Wed, 19 Mar 2008 11:38:00 +0000

Definisi Zakat

Zakat menurut etimologi
Zakat menurut etimologi berarti, berkat, bersih, berkembang dan baik. Dinamakan zakat karena, dapat mengembangkan dan menjauhkan harta yang telah diambil zakatnya dari bahaya. Menurut Ibnu Taimiah hati dan harta orang yang membayar zakat tersebut menjadi suci dan bersih serta berkembang secara maknawi.

Zakat menurut terminologi Zakat menurut terminologi berarti, sejumlah harta tertentu yang diwajibkan oleh Allah swt. untuk diberikan kepada para mustahik yang disebutkan dalam Alquran. Atau bisa juga berarti sejumlah tertentu dari harta tertentu yang diberikan untuk orang tertentu. Lafal zakat dapat juga berarti sejumlah harta yang diambil dari harta orang yang berzakat.

Zakat dalam Alquran dan hadis kadang-kadang disebut dengan sedekah, seperti firman Allah swt. yang berarti, "Ambillah zakat (sedekah) dari harta mereka, dengan zakat itu kamu membersihkan dan menyucikan mereka dan berdoalah buat mereka, karena doamu itu akan menjadi ketenteraman buat mereka." (Q.S. At Taubah, 103). Dalam sebuah hadis sahih, Rasulullah saw. ketika memberangkatkan Muaz bin Jabal ke Yaman, beliau bersabda, "Beritahulah mereka, bahwa Allah mewajibkan membayar zakat (sedekah) dari harta orang kaya yang akan diberikan kepada fakir miskin di kalangan mereka." (Hadis ini diketengahkan oleh banyak perawi)

Syarat-Syarat Wajib Zakat

Zakat diwajibkan atas beberapa jenis harta dengan berbagai syarat yang harus dipenuhi. Syarat-syarat ini dibuat untuk membantu pembayar zakat agar dapat membayar zakat hartanya dengan rela hati sehingga target suci disyariatkannya zakat dapat tercapai.

Syarat-syarat tersebut adalah:
1. Milik sempurna (milik 100 %)
2. Berkembang secara real atau estimasi
3. Sampai nisab
4. Melebihi kebutuhan pokok
5. Cukup haul
6. Tidak terjadi zakat ganda

Berbagai kegiatan ekonomi yang dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber zakat

Zakat Uang (Emas, Perak dan Mata Uang) Perhiasan dll.
Zakat Perdagangan dan Industri
Zakat Hasil Pertanian
Zakat Binatang Ternak
Zakat Barang Tambang
Zakat Barang Eksploitasi
Zakat Kegiatan Lain

bersambung...........

link to learn

noreply@blogger.com (hentos) — Sat, 08 Mar 2008 15:33:00 +0000

https://www.logoworks.com
http://logopond.com/gallery/index_all.php?page=4
http://www.logodesignguru.com

File Management

noreply@blogger.com (hentos) — Sat, 08 Mar 2008 10:37:00 +0000

File
File adalah sekumpulan karakter (kata-kata serta bilangan-bilangan yang tersimpan bersamaan). File dapat disimpan dalam harddisk komputer, floppy disk (disket), kepingan CD, server internet dan masih banyak lagi media penyimpan lainnya. Semuanya tersimpan dalam suatu komputer, ketika kita buka direktori komputer akan terlihat dua macam hal-folder dan file, mereka akan terlihat berdasarkan nama, tipe, ukuran ataupun tanggal terakhir mengakses file tersebut.

Drive (C:)
Directory/Folder (C:\My Documents)
Sub-directory/Sub-folder (C:\My Documents\My Pictures)
File (C:\My Documents\My Pictures\VacationPhoto.jpg)

Tipe File
Ada beberapa macam file dan akan saya kategorikan berdasarkan kegunaannya menjadi 6 kategori : graphics, document, archives, multimedia, email dan database & financials

Graphics

No	Extention	Aplikasi yang mengunakan
1	*.indd	Adobe Indesign
2	*.psd	Adobe Photoshop
3	*.dwg	AutoCAD Drawing
4	*.dxf	AutoCAD DX
5	*.dgn	Bentley Microstation v7 Drawing
6	*.bmp	Bitmap
7	*.crw	Canon Raw graphics
8	*.cdr	CorelDraw
9	*.eps	Encapsulated Postscript
10	*.emf	Enhanced Metafile
11	*.fon	Font
12	.fmz or .fzb	FormZ Document
13	.fh10 .fh11	Freehand 10 & 11
14	.fh7 .fh8 *.fh9	Freehand 7 to 9
15	*.raf	Fuji Camera Raw
16	*.gif	GIF graphics
17	*.shp	GIS ShapeFiles
18	.gue .gmp	GUE Map
19	*.jp2	JPEG 2000
20	.jpg .jpeg EXIF format	JPEG Digital Camera
21	.jpg .jpeg JFIF format	JPEG Standard Graphics
22	*.lwo	Lightwave object
23	*.lws	Lightwave scene
24	*.gdb	MapSource 1
25	*.mb	Maya 3D
26	.pcx .scr	Paintbrush
27	*.psp	PaintShop Pro
28	*.max	PaperPort
29	*.png	PNG Graphics
30	.ppm .pgm *.pbm	Portable Graphics Map
31	*.qxd	QuarkXPress
32	*.cad	QuickCAD
33	*.swf	ShockWave Flash
34	.sdr .sdt	SmartDraw
35	*.swi	SwishMax
36	.tif .tiff .epx .nef	TIFF Graphics
37	*.ttf	TrueType Font
38	*.wmf	Windows Metafile
39	*.xar	XARA Graphic

Documents

No	Extention	Aplikasi yang mengunakan
1	*.max	3d Studio Max
2	*.adp	Access Project
3	pmd .p65	Adobe PageMaker
4	*.ppj	Adobe Premier Project
5	*.zdp	Avery DesignPro
6	*.dgn	Bentley MicroStation v8 Drawing
7	*.ctw	Casio Disk Title
8	*.cpg	CoolPage
9	*.shw	Corel Presentation
10	*.rpt	Crystal Reports
11	*.dcd	Design CAD
12	*.d2s	Diablo2 Save
13	*.efx	Etax
14	*.ftw	Family TreeMaker
15	*.paf	FamilySearch
16	.fdr .fdt	Final Draft
17	*.ft7	Final Fantasy 7
18	*.fla	Flash
19	*.hlp	Help
20	*.hfd	HotDocs
21	.htm .html .shtml phtml *.php	HTML Documents
22	*.jtd	Ichitaro Documents
23	*.rpt	InteractWeb Reports
24	.wk1 .wk2 .wk3 .wk4 .wks .fm3 .wb1 .123	Lotus 123
25	*.lwp	Lotus WordPro
26	*.mps	Mapsource 2
27	.xls .xla *.xlt	Microsoft Excel Worksheet
28	*.one	Microsoft OneNote
29	*.mix	Microsoft Photodraw
30	*.ppt	Microsoft PowerPoint Presentation
31	*.mpp	Microsoft Project
32	.pub .puz	Microsoft Publisher Document
33	.vsd .vss *.vst	Microsft Visio Drawing
34	.doc .dot *.asd	Microsoft Word Document
35	*.wri	Microsoft Write/WordPad
36	*.wdb	MS Works 4 Database
37	*.wps	MS Works 4 Document
38	*.wks	MS Works Spreadsheet
39	*.msg	Outlook MSG
40	.pdf .ai	PDF document
41	.hcr .biz	PrintMaster
42	*.qpw	QuattroPro 7
43	*.rtf	Rich Text Document
44	.dsn .std	SureThing CD Labeler
45	Shift JIS	Text (Shift JIS)
46	UTF-16	Text (UTF-16)
47	*.txt	Text Documents
48	*.db	Thumbnail
49	*.tcw	TurboCAD for Windows
50	*.$$$	Unknown OLE
51	*.wpt	WordPerfect 6 to 10
52	*.wpg	WordPerfect Documents and Graphics v8
53	.xml .xsl .svg .xms	XML Documents

what hentos do?

noreply@blogger.com (hentos) — Sat, 08 Mar 2008 03:53:00 +0000

Design
Computer Network
Applications

* Design
what we design :
web design
graphic design
product design

* Computer Network
what we do in CN :
configure Router and Switch
cabling
storage server
etc

* Application
what we made
office application
store application
etc

Selamat Tahun Baru 2008

noreply@blogger.com (hentos) — Sun, 30 Dec 2007 16:07:00 +0000

Segenap keluarga besar HENTOS mengucapkan Tahun Baru 2008

No	Extention	Aplikasi yang mengunakan
1	*.cab	Cabinet compression
2	*.gz gzip	GZIP compression
3	*.lzh	LZH compression
4	*.qcp	Miliki Super compression
5	*.bkf	MS Backup
6	*.rar	RAR compression
7	.rtb .rdb	Restrospect
8	*.tar	TAR archive
9	.zip .jar *.afz	Zip compression

No	Extention	Aplikasi yang mengunakan
1	.asf .wma .wmv .asx	ASF,WMA,WMV Multimedia
2	.aif .aiff	Audio Interchange
3	*.avi	AVI Multimedia
4	*.cwp	CakeWalk Pro
5	*.dss	Digital Speech
6	*.dvf	Digital Voice
7	.mus .fan	Finale Music
8	*.flp	Fruity Loops
9	.m4a .m4b	iTunes audio
10	*.sc4	Jet Voice
11	*.fbx	Kaydara FBX Binary
12	*.lso	Logic Audio
13	.mov .mp4	MOV Multimedia (Quicktime)
14	.mp .mp1 .mp2 .mp3	MP3 Music
15	.mpg .mpeg .m1v .vro	MPEG Multimedia
16	.mid .midi	Musical Instrument Digital Interface
17	.ra .ram *.rm	RealAudio
18	.rif .riff .avi .cdr *.npr	RIFF Multimedia
19	.sib .lib	Sibelius Music
20	*.wav	WAVE Multimedia

No	Extention	Aplikasi yang mengunakan
1	.eml .mbx	Generic Email
2	*.url	Internet Favorites
3	*.nsf	Lotus Notes
4	*.wab	Outlook Address
5	.pst .pab	Outlook Email
6	*.dbx	Outlook Express

No	Extention	Aplikasi yang mengunakan
1	*.mdb	Access Database
2	*.aft	Ancenstry Family Tree
3	.p96 .p97 ….*.p07	CanTax T1 Personal
4	.c06 .c97…..*.c07	CanTax T2 Personal
5	.dbf .scx *.dbc	Dbase-FoxPro Database
6	*.enl	EndNote
7	*.flg	FLG File
8	*.fxp	FoxPro Executable
9	*.mdx	Lacerte Tax
10	.id0 .id9 .sd0 .sd9 .pd0 .pd9 .fd0 .fd9	Lacerte Tax Individual
11	*.mny	Microsoft Money
12	*.mdf	MS-SQL Server Database
13	*.ldf	MS-SQL Server Log
14	.dat .prm *.pls	MYOB Data
15	.df1 .lbr .ohf .lbs	Omnis Database
16	*.qbb	Quickbooks Backup
17	*.qbw	Quickbooks QBW
18	*.qdf	Quicken QDF
19	.q99 .q00 …..*.q04	Quick Tax
20	*.sas	SAS ASCII Data
21	*.sas7bdat;sd2	SAS Binary Data
22	*.sav	SPSS
23	.t00 .t01 .t02 .t03	TaxCut
24	*.tax	TurboTax
25	*.lnk	Windows Link