Bendolz Corner

A Real-Time Approach to Process Control, 2nd Edition

noreply@blogger.com (ß £§£ ñk ™) — Mon, 06 Jun 2011 09:34:00 +0000

This text is organized into a framework that provides relevant theory, along with a series of hands-on workshops that employ computer simulations that test and allow for exploration of the theory.

Chapter 1 provides a historical overview of the field.
Chapter 2 introduces the very important and often overlooked topic of instrumentation.
Chapter 3 we ground the reader in some of the basics of single input – single output systems. Feedback control, the elements of control loops, system dynamics including capacitance and dead time, and system modelling are introduced here.
Chapter 4 highlights the various PID control modes and provides a framework for understanding control-loop design and tuning.
Chapter 5 focuses specifically on tuning. Armed with an understanding of feedback control, control loop structures, and tuning.
Chapter 6 introduces some more advanced control configurations including feed-forward, cascade, and override control.
Chapter 7 provides some practical rules of thumb for designing and tuning the more common control loops found in industry.
Chapter 8 we tackle a more complex control problem: the control of distillation columns. As with the rest of this text, a combination of theory and applied methodology is used to provide a practical treatment to this complex topic.
Chapter 9 introduces the concept of multiple loop controllers.
Chapter 10 we take a look at some of the important issues relating to the plant-wide control problem. Finally, up-to-date information on computer simulation for the workshops can be found on the book website.

Although this text is designed as an introductory course on process control for senior university students in the chemical engineering curriculum, we believe this text will serve as a valuable desk reference for practising chemical engineers and as a text for technical colleges.

We believe the era of real-time, simulation-based instruction of chemical process control has arrived. We hope you’ll agree! We wish you every success as you begin to learn more about this exciting and ever changing field. Your comments on and suggestions for improving this textbook are most welcome.

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Working Guide to Process Equipment, 3rd Edition

noreply@blogger.com (ß £§£ ñk ™) — Mon, 06 Jun 2011 09:16:00 +0000

Diagnose and Troubleshoot Problems in Chemical Process Equipment with This Updated Classic

Chemical engineers and plant operators can rely on the Third Edition of A Working Guide to Process Equipment for the latest diagnostic tips, practical examples, and detailed illustrations for pinpointing trouble and correcting problems in chemical process equipment. This updated classic contains new chapters on Control Valves, Cooling Towers, Waste Heat Boilers, Catalytic Effects, Fundamental Concepts of Process Equipment, and Process Safety.

Filled with worked-out calculations, the book examines everything from trays, reboilers, instruments, air coolers, and steam turbines??¦to fired heaters, refrigeration systems, centrifugal pumps, separators, and compressors. The authors simplify complex issues and explain the technical issues needed to solve all kinds of equipment problems. Comprehensive and clear, the Third Edition of A Working Guide to Process Equipment features:

Guidance on diagnosing and troubleshooting process equipment problems.

Explanations of how theory applies to real-world equipment operations.

Many useful tips, examples, illustrations, and worked-out calculations.

New to this edition: Control Valves, Cooling Towers, Waste Heat Boilers, Catalytic Effects, and Process Safety

Inside this Renowned Guide to Solving Process Equipment Problems

Trays

Tower Pressure

Distillation Towers

Reboilers

Instruments

Packed Towers

Steam and Condensate Systems

Bubble Point and Dew Point

Steam Strippers

Draw-Off Nozzle Hydraulics

Pumparounds and Tower Heat Flows

Condensers and Tower Pressure Control

Air Coolers

Deaerators and Steam Systems

Vacuum Systems

Steam Turbines

Surface Condensers

Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers

Fire Heaters

Refrigeration Systems

Centrifugal Pumps

Separators

Compressors

Safety

Corrosion

Fluid Flow

Computer Modeling and Control

Field Troubleshooting Process Problems

Working Guide to Process Equipment 3rd Edition by: Norman P. Lieberman
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Professional | Pages: 591 | 2008-04-17 | ISBN: 0071496742 | PDF | 2 MB

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Practical Process Control: Tuning and Troubleshooting

noreply@blogger.com (ß £§£ ñk ™) — Mon, 06 Jun 2011 08:50:00 +0000

This book differs from others on the market in several respects. First, the presentation is totally in the time domain (the word "LaPlace" is nowhere to be found). The focus of the book is actually troubleshooting, not tuning. If a controller is "tunable", the tuning procedure will be straightforward and uneventful. But if a loop is "untunable", difficulties will be experienced, usually early in the tuning effort. The nature of any difficulty provides valuable clues to what is rendering the loop "untunable". For example, if reducing the controller gain leads to increased oscillations, one should look for possible interaction with one or more other loops. Tuning difficulties are always symptoms of other problems; effective troubleshooting involves recognizing the clues, identifying the root cause of the problem, and making corrections.

Wiley-Interscience | 2009-01-27 | ISBN: 0470381930 | 431 pages | PDF | 6,5 MB

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Handbook of Numerical Heat Transfer

noreply@blogger.com (ß £§£ ñk ™) — Sun, 14 Mar 2010 08:18:00 +0000

A completely updated edition of the acclaimed single-volume reference for heat transfer and the thermal sciences. This Second Edition of Handbook of Numerical Heat Transfer covers the basic equations for numerical method calculations regarding heat transfer problems and applies these to problems encountered in aerospace, nuclear power, chemical processes, electronic packaging, and other related areas of mechanical engineering. As with the first edition, this complete revision presents comprehensive but accessible coverage of the necessary formulations, numerical schemes, and innovative solution techniques for solving problems of heat and mass transfer and related fluid flows.

Featuring contributions from some of the most prominent authorities in the field, articles are grouped by major sets of methods and functions, with the text describing new and improved, as well as standard, procedures. Handbook of Numerical Heat Transfer, Second Edition includes:

Updated coverage of parabolic systems, hyperbolic systems, integral-and integro-differential systems, Monte Carlo and perturbation methods, and inverse problems

Usable computer programs that allow quick applications to aerospace, chemical, nuclear, and electronic packaging industries

User-friendly nomenclature listings include all the symbols used in each chapter so that chapter-specific symbols are readily available

W. J. Minkowycz, E. M. Sparrow, J. Y. Murthy, "Handbook of Numerical Heat Transfer"

Wiley | 2009 | ISBN: 0471348783 | 984 pages | PDF | 47,2 MB

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Physical Chemistry: Understanding our Chemical World

noreply@blogger.com (ß £§£ ñk ™) — Sun, 14 Mar 2010 08:05:00 +0000

U nderstanding Physical Chemistry is a gentle introduction to the principles and applications of physical chemistry. The book aims to introduce the concepts and theories in a structured manner through a wide range of carefully chosen examples and case studies drawn from everyday life. These real-life examples and applications are presented first, with any necessary chemical and mathematical theory discussed afterwards. This makes the book extremely accessible and directly relevant to the reader. Aimed at undergraduate students taking a first course in physical chemistry, this book offers an accessible applications/examples led approach to enhance understanding and encourage and inspire the reader to learn more about the subject.

A comprehensive introduction to physical chemistry starting from first principles.

Carefully structured into short, self-contained chapters.

Introduces examples and applications first, followed by the necessary chemical theory.

Paul M. S. Monk, Physical Chemistry: Understanding our Chemical World

Wiley | ISBN: 0471491810 | 2004-05-28 | 618 pages | PDF | 3.3 Mb

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Thermophysical Properties of Chemicals and Hydrocarbons

noreply@blogger.com (ß £§£ ñk ™) — Thu, 28 Jan 2010 03:48:00 +0000

C arl Yaws, a leading authority on chemical compounds in the chemical engineering field, has done it again. In his new book -- an essential volume for any chemist or chemical engineer's library -- he presents over 7,800 organic and inorganic chemicals, and hydrocarbons. Spanning gases, liquids and solids, and covering all critical properties (including acentric factor, density, enthalpy of vaporization, and surface tension), this volume represents more properties on more chemicals than any single work of its kind, from C1 to C100 organics and Ac to Zr inorganics. This highly recommended handbook was designed and formatted for field, lab or classroom usage, and gives the reader unparalleled access to invaluable data.

Thermophysical properties for more than 7,800 chemicals and hydrocarbons are presented in this book for temperature dependent properties. Values for enthalpy of vaporization at normal boiling point are provided for more than 22,000 compounds. The comprehensive coverage includes C1 to C100 organics and Ac to Zr inorganics.

The property data are helpful in many engineering and scientific applications:

Molecular formula - indicates size of molecule, determine groups for group contribution methods to estimate thermodynamic properties.
Name - identification of compound, helpful in locating safety regulations.
***In the tables, an asterisk (*) beside the name of a compound signifies that the name has been shortened to fit the format of the table. To see the full name, refer to the compound by CAS or ID number in chapter one.
CAS No - Chemical Abstracts Registry Number, useful in specifying compound, helpful in finding MSDS data and locating manufacturers on web.
Freezing point - useful to determine state at normal conditions - gas, liquid, or solid, helpful in specifying containers for storage and shipping.
Boiling point - helpful in ascertaining temperatures required for vaporization in process operations, determine separation by distillation, characterize general volatility characteristics.
Critical temperature - useful in corresponding state correlations for thermodynamic and transport properties.
Critical pressure - helpful in corresponding state correlations for thermodynamic and transport properties.
Acentric factor - useful in corresponding state correlations for thermodynamic and transport properties.
Critical volume - helpful in corresponding state correlations.
Critical density - useful in corresponding state correlations.
Critical compressibility factor - helpful in corresponding state correlations.
Density of liquid - useful in design of storage vessels and shipping containers, useful in many engineering applications involving liquids, helpful in relief valve sizing for safety.
Density of solid - helpful in design of storage vessels and shipping containers.
Enthalpy of vaporization - useful in design of vaporizers and condensers, engineering applications involving saturated liquids and vapors, safety engineering such as ascertaining vaporization quantities from vessel rupture.
Enthalpy of fusion - useful in energy balance calculations.
Solubility parameter - helpful in vapor-liquid-equilibrium calculations.
Liquid volume - useful in engineering calculations involving liquids.
Van der waals area and volume - helpful in molecular thermodynamics.
Radius of gyration - useful in molecular thermodynamics.
Dipole moment - helpful in corresponding state correlations for polar compounds.
Surface tension - useful in heat and mass transfer correlations.

Thermophysical Properties of Chemicals and Hydrocarbons

Publisher:William Andrew Publishing | ISBN: 0815515960 | 2008-06-23 | 800 pages | 104 MB | PDF | Rapidshare&Hotfile

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Simulation of Industrial Processes for Control Engineers

noreply@blogger.com (ß £§£ ñk ™) — Thu, 21 Jan 2010 08:40:00 +0000

C omputer simulation is the key to comprehending and controlling the full-scale industrial plant used in the chemical, oil, gas and electrical power industries. Simulation of Industrial Processes for Control Engineers shows how to use the laws of physics and chemistry to produce the equations to simulate dynamically all the most important unit operations found in process and power plant. The book explains how to model chemical reactors, nuclear reactors, distillation columns, boilers, deaerators, refrigeration vessels, storage vessels for liquids and gases, liquid and gas flow through pipes and pipe networks, liquid and gas flow through installed control valves, control valve dynamics (including nonlinear effects such as static friction), oil and gas pipelines, heat exchangers, steam and gas turbines, compressors and pumps, as well as process controllers (including three methods of integral desaturation).

The phenomenon of markedly different time responses ("stiffness") is considered and various ways are presented to get around the potential problem of slow execution time. The book demonstrates how linearization may be used to give a diverse check on the correctness of the as-programmed model and explains how formal techniques of model validation may be used to produce a quantitative check on the simulation model's overall validity.

The material is based on many years' experience of modelling and simulation in the chemical and power industries, supplemented in recent years by university teaching at the undergraduate and postgraduate level. Several important new results are presented. The depth is sufficient to allow real industrial problems to be solved, thus making the book attractive to engineers working in industry. But the book's step-by-step approach makes the text appropriate also for post-graduate students of control engineering and for undergraduate students in electrical, mechanical and chemical engineering who are studying process control in their second year or later.

Philip J Thomas, "Simulation of Industrial Processes for Control Engineers "

Butterworth-Heinemann | 1999-07-28 | ISBN: 0750641614 | 390 pages | PDF | 24.2 Mb

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Mathematical Modeling Approaches for Optimization of Chemical Processes

noreply@blogger.com (ß £§£ ñk ™) — Thu, 21 Jan 2010 08:35:00 +0000

M athematical modelling is a powerful tool for solving optimisation problems in chemical engineering. In this work several models are proposed aimed at helping to make decisions about different aspects of the processes lifecycle, from the synthesis and design steps up to the operation and scheduling. Using an example of the Sugar Cane industry, several models are formulated and solved in order to assess the trade-offs involved in optimisation decisions. Thus, the power and versatility of mathematical modelling in the area of chemical processes optimisation is analysed and evaluated.

Gabriela Corsano, Jorge M. Montagna, Oscar A. Iribarren, "Mathematical Modeling Approaches for Optimization of Chemical Processes"

Nova Science Publishers 2009 | ISBN-10: 1604569425 | 91 Pages | PDF | 1 MB

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Food Process Modeling and Control: Chemical Engineering Applications

noreply@blogger.com (ß £§£ ñk ™) — Thu, 21 Jan 2010 08:28:00 +0000

F undamental techniques of mathematical modeling of processes essential to the food industry are explained in this text. Instead of concentrating on detailed theoretical analysis and mathematical derivations, important mathematical prerequisites are presented in summary tables. Readers' attention is focused on understanding modeling techniques, rather than the finer mathematical points. Topics covered include modeling of transport phenomena, kinetic processes, and food engineering operations. Statistical process analysis and quality control as applied to the food industry are also discussed.

The book's main feature is the large number of worked examples presented throughout. Included are examples from almost every conceivable food process, most of which are based on real data given in the many references. Each example is followed by a clear, step- by-step worked solution.

Food Process Modeling and Control: Chemical Engineering Applications

By Mustafa Ozilgen

Publisher: CRC | 1998 | 536 Pages | ISBN: 9056991434 | PDF | 115.14 MB

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Scale-Up in Chemical Engineering

noreply@blogger.com (ß £§£ ñk ™) — Thu, 21 Jan 2010 08:18:00 +0000

O vering the important task of the scale-up of processes from the laboratory to the production scale, this easily comprehensible and transparent book is divided into two sections. The first part details the theoretical principles, introducing the subject for readers without a profound prior knowledge of mathematics. It discusses the fundamentals of dimensional analysis, the treatment of temperature-dependent and rheological material values and scale-up where model systems or not available or only partly similar. All this is illustrated by 20 real-world examples, while 25 exercises plus solutions new to this edition practice and monitor learning.

Scale-up in Chemical Engineering

Publisher: Wiley | Pages: 296 | 2006-03-31 | ISBN: 3527314210 | PDF | 2 MB

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Food Plant Design

noreply@blogger.com (ß £§£ ñk ™) — Wed, 20 Jan 2010 13:37:00 +0000

A lthough chemical engineering and food technology are subject areas closely related to food processing systems and food plant design, coverage of the design of food plants is often sporadic and inadequately addressed in food technology and engineering books. Some books have attempted to treat food engineering from this dual point of view but, most have not achieved balanced coverage of the two. Focusing on food processing, rather than chemical plants, Food Plant Design presents precise design details with photos and drawings of different types of food processing plants, including food processing systems, refrigeration and steam systems, conveying systems, and buildings. The authors discuss the subject in an ordered format that gives you the tools to produce food products with minimum cost. Including modeling procedures for food processing systems and auxiliary systems, they elucidate synthesis techniques and procedures. Using a clear structure for different levels of information and data on different food processing alternatives, the book outlines solutions to plant design problems in the context of overall optimization of an agro-industrial system and corresponding food chain. It provides the work procedures and techniques for solving the design problems of a food processing plant and in making a defined food product.

Food Plant Design (Food Science and Technology): Antonio Lopez-Gomez, Gustavo V. Barbosa-Canovas,

CRC | ISBN: 1574446029 | 2005-05-06 | PDF (OCR) | 416 pages | 20.0 Mb

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Material and Energy Balancing in the Process Industries, Volume 7: From Microscopic Balances to Large Plants

noreply@blogger.com (ß £§£ ñk ™) — Wed, 20 Jan 2010 13:29:00 +0000

T he book is directed to chemical engineers, plant designers, technologists, information technology managers, control engineers and instrumentation engineers in process industries. Major areas of applications are process industries and energy production, such as oil refining, natural gas processing, petrochemistry, chemical industries, mineral processing and utility production and distribution systems. University students and teachers of chemical engineering and control will also find the book invaluable.

The major areas addressed are:

- single- and multi-component balancing

- energy balance

- entropy and exergy (availability) balances

- solvability of balancing problems

- balancing with data reconciliation

- dynamic balancing

- measurement design and optimisation

- regular balancing of large industrial systems.

Material and Energy Balancing in the Process Industries, Volume 7: From Microscopic Balances to Large Plants by V.V. Veverka

Publisher: Elsevier Science; 1 edition (January 29, 1997) | ISBN: 044482409X | Pages: 648 | PDF | 25.5 MB

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Process Plant Simulation: includes CD-ROM

noreply@blogger.com (ß £§£ ñk ™) — Wed, 20 Jan 2010 13:07:00 +0000

T he book is divided into five parts. A brief introduction to process synthesis, process analysis, and optimization is followed by the presentation of process plant simulation as a subject in Chapter 1. Subsequently, Part I gives an overview of modelling aspects in Chapter 2, and the classification of mathematical modelling in Chapter 3.

Part II discusses chemical systems modelling in four chapters: modelling mass-transfer systems in Chapter 4, heat-transfer systems in Chapter 5, and fluid mechanics and reaction engineering systems in Chapters 6 and 7, respectively. Apart from focusing on modelling various chemical engineering systems, various mathematical techniques to be used for solutions of the models proposed (such as algebraic equations, ordinary differential equations, partial differential equations, finite difference equations, Laplace transformations, solution by series, etc.) have also been dealt with.

Part III deals with the treatment of experimental results, wherein error propagation and data-regression techniques (Chapter 8) are discussed in detail.

Part IV focuses on traditional optimization techniques (analytical methods, Lagrangian multiplier method for constraint optimization, gradient methods such as steepest descent and sequential simplex methods, etc.) in Chapter 9, and non-traditional optimization techniques (such as simulated annealing, genetic algorithms, differential evolution, evolutionary strategies, etc.) in Chapter 10.

Finally, Part V, consisting of five chapters, gives a detailed overview .of all aspects related to simulation. Chapter 1 1 covers the modular and equation-solving approaches. Chapter 12 deals with the decomposition of networks and the various associated tearing algorithms available in literature. Chapter 13 covers convergence promotion and the physical and thermodynamic properties. Chapter 14 discusses case studies on specificpurpose simulation and dynamic simulation. Chapter 15 gives an overview of two most widely used professional software packages, namely, HYSIS of HyproTech and FLUENT, and demonstrates the step-by-step procedure of solving problems using these software packages.

B. V. Babu, "Process Plant Simulation: includes CD-ROM"

Oxford University Press | 2004 | ISBN: 0195668057 | 556 pages | PDF | 42,2 MB

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Biofuels for Road Transport: A Seed to Wheel Perspective

noreply@blogger.com (ß £§£ ñk ™) — Wed, 20 Jan 2010 05:16:00 +0000

B iofuels for Road Transport: A Seed to Wheel Perspective provides a review of the history, the current status and perspectives for biofuels used in road transport, across the full ‘seed-to-wheel’ life cycle of these fuels. Successive chapters cover the history of biofuels; the first- and second-generation liquid fuels and biofuels for powering electric vehicles; fossil fuel replacement, land requirement, greenhouse gas balances and environmental burdens of ethanol, esters derived from fatty acids (‘biodiesel’), Fischer-Tropsch diesel and HTU diesel; competing technologies (fossil fuels, increases in energy-efficiency and photovoltaic power) and how they compare to biofuels; and the perspectives for biofuels. Cost, availability, technological development, competition with biomass for food and for soil organic carbon and environmental perspectives are also discussed.

Biofuels for Road Transport: A Seed to Wheel Perspective is a valuable reference for professional engineers, researchers and postgraduate students involved in biofuels, renewable energy (including bioenergy) and the automotive industry.

L. Reijnders, M.A.J. Huijbregts “Biofuels for Road Transport: A Seed to Wheel Perspective"

Springer | 2009-01-12 | ISBN: 1848821379 | 170 pages | PDF | 1,3 MB

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Biofuels: Securing the Planets Future Energy Needs (Green Energy and Technology)

noreply@blogger.com (ß £§£ ñk ™) — Wed, 20 Jan 2010 05:09:00 +0000

B iofuel is a renewable energy source produced from natural (biobased) materials, which can be used as a substitute for petroleum fuels. The benefits of biofuels over traditional fuels include greater energy security, reduced environmental impact, foreign exchange savings, and socioeconomic issues related to the rural sector. Furthermore, biofuel technology is relevant to both developing and industrialized countries. For these reasons, the share of biofuels in the automotive fuel market is expected to grow rapidly over the next decade.

The most common biofuels, such as ethanol from corn, wheat or sugar beet and biodiesel from oil seeds, are produced from classic food crops that require high-quality agricultural land for growth. However, bioethanol is a petrol additive/substitute that can be produced from plentiful, domestic, cellulosic biomass resources such as herbaceous and woody plants, agricultural and forestry residues, and a large portion of municipal and industrial solid waste streams. Production of bioethanol from biomass is one way to reduce both the consumption of crude oil and environmental pollution. There is also a growing interest in the use of vegetable oils for making biodiesel, which is less polluting than conventional petroleum diesel fuel.

Biofuels: Securing the Planet’s Future Energy Needs discusses the production of transportation fuels from biomass (such as wood, straw and even household waste) by Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The book is an important text for undergraduates, postgraduates and researchers in energy engineering, as well as professional fuel engineers.

Biofuels: Securing the Planets Future Energy Needs (Green Energy and Technology)

Springer | ISBN:1848820100 | 2008-11-26 | PDF | 336 pages | 3 Mb

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Future of Glycerol: New Usages for a Versatile Raw Material

noreply@blogger.com (ß £§£ ñk ™) — Wed, 20 Jan 2010 04:49:00 +0000

T his book aims to inform chemistry professionals, including managers and technologists, on the large potential of glycerol as versatile biofeedstock for the production of a variety of chemicals, polymers and fuels. Whilst filling a gap in the current literature, this nicely illustrated book is written in a clear, concise style and presents the numerous uses of glycerol as a new raw material which are starting to have an impact on industry worldwide. Elucidation of the principles governing the new chemistry of glycerol goes along with updated industrial information that is generally difficult to retrieve.

Through its 10 chapters, the monograph tells the story of a chemical success that of converting glycerol into value added products and highlights the principles that made it possible. Whether as solvent, antifreeze, detergent, monomer for textiles or drug, new catalytic conversions of glycerol have been discovered that are finding application for the synthesis of products whose use range from everyday's life to the fine chemical industry.

Readers are also shown how a number of practical limitations posed by glycerol chemistry, such as the low selectivity encountered employing traditional stoichiometric and older catalytic conversions, were actually solved based on the understanding of the fundamental chemistry of glycerol and by application of catalysis science and technology.

Readers also find a thorough discussion on the sustainability issues of bioglycerol production covering societal, environmental and economic dimensions to reflect the needs of politicians and citizens of today who require cross border research. By explaining the advantages and problems as well as offering solutions the book aids understanding as to whether biodiesel and glycerol refineries are convenient and economically sound.

Mario Pagliaro, Michele Rossi "Future of Glycerol: New Usages for a Versatile Raw Material (RSC Green Chemistry Series)"

Royal Society of Chemistry | 2008-05-22 | ISBN: 0854041249 | 104 pages | PDF | 31 MB

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Biodiesel: A Realistic Fuel Alternative for Diesel Engines

noreply@blogger.com (ß £§£ ñk ™) — Wed, 20 Jan 2010 04:39:00 +0000

E nvironmental and political concerns are generating a growing interest in alternative engine fuels such as biodiesel. Biodiesel is a renewable energy source produced from natural oils and fats, which can be used as a substitute for petroleum diesel without the need for diesel engine modification. In addition to being biodegradable and non-toxic, biodiesel is also essentially free of sulfur and aromatics, producing lower exhaust emissions than conventional gasoline whilst providing similar properties in terms of fuel efficiency.

The greatest drawback of using pure vegetable oils as fuels are their high viscosity, although this can be reduced by techniques such as dilution, micro-emulsification, pyrolysis or transesterification. Of these processes, the transesterification of vegetable oil triglycerides in supercritical methanol has been shown to be particularly promising, producing high yields of low-viscosity methyl esters without the need of a catalyst. Furthermore, these methyl esters have a considerably lower flash point than that of pure vegetable oils.

Biodiesel: A Realistic Fuel Alternative for Diesel Engines

Publisher: Springer | Pages: 208 | 2007-12-21 | ISBN 1846289947 | PDF | 4 MB

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Alternative Energy Demystified

noreply@blogger.com (ß £§£ ñk ™) — Wed, 20 Jan 2010 04:32:00 +0000

T hinking about heating your home with solar power but don't know how it really works? Wondering what makes hybrid cars run? Alternative Energy Demystified shines the light on the various energy sources and technologies available today. The book begins by covering a wide range of heat sources, including wood, corn, coal, oil, gas, electricity, and solar heat. Propulsion methods are discussed next, including gasoline, methane, ethanol, biodiesel, hydrogen, fuel cells, and more. Electricity from fossil fuels, water, wind, atoms, and other sources is also covered. Featuring end-of-chapter quizzes and a final exam, this illuminating guide explains the technical basics of many different forms of energy -- some that may surprise you!

This self-paced guide gives you:

A thorough overview of the various sources of energy

To-the-point explanations and detailed illustrations

A quiz at the end of each chapter to reinforce learning and pinpoint weaknesses

A final exam at the end of the book

A time-saving approach to performing better on an exam or at work!

Simple enough for a beginner, but challenging enough for an advanced student, Alternative Energy Demystified is your shortcut to a working knowledge of this timely topic.

Stan Gibilisco, "Alternative Energy Demystified"

McGraw-Hill Professional 2006 | ISBN: 0071475540 | 322 pages | PDF | 4,3 MB

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Biofuels: Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Sustainable Development

noreply@blogger.com (ß £§£ ñk ™) — Wed, 20 Jan 2010 04:26:00 +0000

A Thoughtful Discussion of a Timely Topic

Evaluating a wealth of quantitative data, Biofuels: Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Sustainable Development discusses different types of biofuels, the science behind their production, the economics of their introduction to the marketplace, their environmental impacts, and their implications for world agriculture. It broadens the discussion on biofuels beyond bioethanol and biodiesel, taking into account the data, ideas, and bioproducts that have appeared over the last fifty years.

An Insider’s Look at the Biotech Industry

Written by a seasoned expert in the biotech industry, the book analyzes in detail the present status and future prospects of biofuels, from ethanol and biodiesel to biotechnological routes to biohydrogen. It emphasizes the ways biotechnology can improve process economics as well as facilitate sustainable agroindustries and crucial elements of a biobased economy. The author also explores the additional innovations required in microbial and plant biotechnology, metabolic engineering, bioreactor design, and the genetic manipulation of novel biomass species of plants, such as softwoods and algae.

The Role of Biofuels in the Future

With over 1,000 references and nearly 200 graphs and tables of data, this well-researched, comprehensive work examines the past and present of various biofuels while considering the future of a biocommodity economy.

David M. Mousdale, "Biofuels: Biotechnology, Chemistry, and Sustainable Development"

CRC | 2008 | ISBN: 1420051245 | 424 pages | PDF | 5,7 MB

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Biofuels Engineering Process Technology

noreply@blogger.com (ß £§£ ñk ™) — Wed, 20 Jan 2010 04:17:00 +0000

N ew Process Technology for Developing Low-Cost, Environmentally Safe Biofuels Rising fuel prices have created a surge in the worldwide demand for biofuels made from plant and animal feedstocks. Filled with a wealth of illustrations, Biofuels Engineering Process Technology fully explains the concepts, systems, and technology now being used to produce biofuels on both an industrial and small scale.

Written by a team of leading biofuels experts, this lucid guide presents a complete introduction to biofuels and biorefining processes…state-of-the-art information on biofuels processed from fermentations of ethanol, hydrogen, microbial oils, and methane…new material on the production of biodiesel from plant and algal oils…and the use of microbial fuel cells to produce bioelectricity. Biofuels Engineering Process Technology takes readers step by step through:

The key concepts, systems, and technology of biofuels

A review of the basic concepts of fermentation pathways and kinetic modeling of bioreactors

Biofuels produced from fermentations of agricultural feedstocks and biomass-ethanol, hydrogen, microbial oils, and methane

Biodiesel fuels processed from the chemical conversion of microbial and plant oils

Bioelectricity produced from microbial fuel cells

The latest sustainable biorefinery concepts and methods

Inside This Cutting-Edge Biofuels Engineering Guide

• Introduction

• Fuels from Fermentations: Ethanol

• Hydrogen

• Microbial Oils

• Methane

• Fuel from Chemical Conversion of Plant and Algal Oils: Biodiesel

• Microbial Fuel Cells

• Technical Resources

Caye Drapcho, John Nghiem, Terry Walker, "Biofuels Engineering Process Technology"

McGraw-Hill Professional | 2008 | ISBN: 0071487492 | 371 pages | PDF | 2 MB

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Handbook of Plant-Based Biofuels

noreply@blogger.com (ß £§£ ñk ™) — Wed, 20 Jan 2010 04:02:00 +0000

Explores Worldwide Trends Involving the Production and Use of Biofuels

With the depletion of oil resources as well as the negative environmental impact of fossil fuels, there is much interest in alternative energy sources. Focusing on some of the most important alternate energy sources for the foreseeable future, the Handbook of Plant-Based Biofuels provides state-of-the-art information on the status of the production of biofuels, in particular, bioethanol and biodiesel.

Introduction to Biofuels

After profiling plant-based biofuels, the book gives an overview of the production of biofuels from biomass materials by thermochemical and biochemical methods. It examines the thermochemical conversion of biomass to liquids and gaseous fuels.

Production of Bioethanol

The handbook then analyzes current biomass-to-ethanol programs, followed by a discussion on ethanol fermentation from molasses and process practices applied for the improvement of ethanol production by ethanologenic microorganisms. It also explains the hydrolysis and fermentation of ethanol from starchy and lignocellulosic biomasses.

Production of Biodiesel

In the final chapters, the contributors discuss current perspectives and the future of biodiesel production. They explore biodiesel production substrates, the lipase-catalyzed preparation of biodiesel, and biodiesel production with supercritical fluid technologies.

Ashok Pandey, "Handbook of Plant-Based Biofuels"

CRC | 2008-09-26 | ISBN: 1560221755 | 300 pages | PDF | 3 MB

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Characterization and Properties of Petroleum Fractions

noreply@blogger.com (ß £§£ ñk ™) — Mon, 30 Nov 2009 07:00:00 +0000

B uku ini menjelaskan tentang karakteristik dan sifat-sifat Fraksi minyak bumi, bagi anda yang sedang mengambil mata kuliah perminyakan atau tentang thermodinamika minyak bumi buku ini sangat membantu anda dalam memecahkan permasalahan dalam perminyakan, misalnya perhitungan pada resevoir, kelakuan gas sejati, Thermodinamika, dsb. Berikut saya berikan daftar isi buku tersebut :

Chap 1 : Introduction

Chap 2 : Characterization and Properties of Pure Hydrocarbons

Chap 3 : Characterization of Pertoleum Fractions

Chap 4 : Characterization of Resevoir Fluids and Crude Oils

Chap 5 : PVT Relations and Equations of State

Chap 6 : Thermodynamics Relations for Property Estimations

Chap 7 : Aplications : Estimation of Thermophysical Properties

Chap 8 : Applications : Estimation of Transport Properties

Chap 9 : Applications : Phase Equilibrium Calculations

Characterization and Properties of Petroleum Fractions

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Molecular Thermodynamics of Fluid-Phase Equilibria, Second Edition

noreply@blogger.com (ß £§£ ñk ™) — Sun, 29 Nov 2009 07:53:00 +0000

C lassical thermodynamics presents broad relationships between macroscopic properties, but it is not concerned with quantitative prediction of these properties. Statistical thermodynamics, on the other hand, seeks to establish relationlships between macroscopic properties and intermolecular forces through partition functions; it is very much concerned with quantitative prediction of bulk properties. However, useful configurational partition functions have been constructed only for nearly ideal situations and, therefore, statistical thermodynamics is at present insufficient for many practical purposes.

Molecular thermodynamics seeks to overcome some of the limitations of both classical and statistical thermodynamics. Molecular phase-equilibrium thermodynamics is concerned with application of molecular physics and chemistry to the interpretation, correlation, and prediction of the thermodynamic properties used in phase-equilibrium calculations. It is an engineering science, based on classical thermodynamics but relying on molecular physics and statistical thermodynamics to supply insight into the behavior of matter. In application, therefore, molecule thermodynamics is rarely exact; it must necessarily have an empirical flavor.

In the present work I have given primary attention to gaseous and liquid mixtures. I have been concerned with the fundamental problem of how best to calculate fugacities of components in such mixtures; the analysis should therefore be useful to engineers engaged in design of equipment for separation operations. Chapters 1, 2, and 3 deal with basic thermodynamics and, to facilitate molecular interpretation of thermodynamic properties, Chapter 4 presents a brief discussion of intern~olecular forces. Chapter 5 is devoted to calculation of fugacities in gaseous mixtures and Chapter 6 is concerned with excess functions of liquid mixtures. Chapter 7 serves as an introduction to the theory of liquid solutions with attention to both "physical" and "chemical" theories. Fugacities of gases dissolved in liquids are discussed in Chapter 8 and those of solids dissolved in liquids in Chapter 9. Finally, Chapter 10 considers fluid-phase equilibria at high pressures.

While it is intended mainly for chemical engineers, others interested in fluidphase equilibria may also find the book useful. It should be of value to university seniors or first-year graduate students in chemistry or chemical engineering who have completed a standard one-year course in physical chemistry and who have had some previous experience with classical thermodynamics.

The subjects discussed follow quite naturally from my own professional activities. Phase-equilibrium thermodynamics is a vast subject, and no attempt has been made to be exhaustive. I have arbitrarily selected those topics with which I am familiar and have omitted others which I am not qualified to discuss; for example, I do not consider solutions of metals or electrolytes. In essence, I have written about those topics which interest me, which I have taught in the classroom, and which have comprised much of my research. As a result, emphasis is given to results from my own research publications, not because they are in any sense superior, but because they encompass material with which I am most closely acquainted.

Molecular Thermodynamics of Fluid-Phase Equilibria

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Chemical Process Equipment : Selection and Design, Third Edition

noreply@blogger.com (ß £§£ ñk ™) — Thu, 26 Nov 2009 08:39:00 +0000

A facility is only as efficient and profitable as the equipment that is in it. This highly influential book is a powerful resource for chemical, process, or plant engineers who need to select, design or configure plant successfully and profitably. Written by some of the most experienced and well-known chemical and process engineers in the industry today, this information-packed volume gives the chemical or process engineer or engineering student all of the guidelines for the design and selection of chemical process equipment. Comprehensive and practical, its scope and emphasis on real-world process design and performance of equipment will prove invaluable for day-to-day problem solving.

The comprehensive and influential guide to the selection and design of a wide range of chemical process equipment, used by engineers globally . Copious examples of successful applications, with supporting schematics and data to illustrate the functioning and performance of equipment Revised edition, new material includes updated equipment cost data, liquid-solid and solid systems, and the latest information on membrane separation technology.

Provides equipment rating forms and manufacturers' data, worked examples, valuable shortcut methods, rules of thumb, and equipment rating forms to demonstrate and support the design process. Heavily illustrated with many line drawings and schematics to aid understanding, graphs and tables to illustrate performance data

James R. Couper, W. Roy Penney, James R. Fair, Stanley M. Walas, "Chemical Process Equipment : Selection and Design, Third Edition"

Gulf Professional Publishing | 2009 | ISBN: 0123725062 | 832 pages | PDF | 20,5 MB

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Chemical Process Equipment : Selection and Design, Second Edition

noreply@blogger.com (ß £§£ ñk ™) — Thu, 26 Nov 2009 08:22:00 +0000

T he editors of the revised edition are in agreement with the philosophy and the approach that Professor Stanley Walas presented in the original edition. In general, the subject headings and format of each chapter have been retained but the revised edition has been corrected to eliminate errors and insofar as possible update the contents of each chapter. Material that we consider superfluous or beyond the scope and intent of the revised edition has been eliminated. Most of the original text has been retained, since the methods have stood the test of time and we felt that any revision had to be a definite improvement.

Chapter 3, Process Control, and Chapter 10, Mixing and Agitation, have been completely revised to bring the content of these chapters up to date. Chapter 18, Process Vessels, has been expanded to include the design of bins and hoppers. Chapter 19, Membrane Separations, is an entirely new chapter. We felt that this topic has gained considerable attention in recent years in chemical processing and deserved to be a chapter devoted to this important material. Chapter 20, Gas-Solid Separation and Other Topics, consists of material on gas-solid handling as well as the remainder of the topics in Chapter 19 of the original edition. Chapter 21, Costs of Individual Equipment, is a revision of Chapter 20 in the original edition and the algorithms have been updated to late 2002. Costs calculated from these algorithms have been spot-checked with equipment suppliers and industrial sources. They have been found to be within 20% to 25% accurate.

We have removed almost all the Fortran computer program listings, since every engineer has his or her own methods for solving such problems. There is one exception and that is the fired heater design Fortran listing in Chapter 8, Heat Transfer and Heat Exchangers. Our experience is that the program provides insight into a tedious and involved calculation procedure.

Chemical Process Equipment : Selection and Design, Second Edition

ISBN: 0750675101|Gulf Professional Publishing|2004-12-23|Pages: 776|PDF|59,97 MB

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