Arshad Pathan

WordPress Solution | wp-login.php Error thrown | Cannot create references to/from string offsets

2024-07-09T11:05:00.001+05:30

Wordpres Solution for wp-login.php Error thrown Cannot create references to/from string offsets

Login to CPanel and go to file manager.
Backup the wp-login.php file.
Download the wp-login.php file and edit it.
find out this line in wp-login.php [ $user = wp_signon( '', $secure_cookie );]
Replace the line with this line in wp-login.php [ $user = wp_signon( array(), $secure_cookie );]
Upload the wp-login.php file
Done

#wordpress

#Error thrown

#wordpress login error

#Cannot create references to/from string offsets

LM35 temperature sensor | Arduino Code | Prefect stable reading | Random reading troubleshooting

2021-08-18T11:07:00.000+05:30

LM35 temperature sensor | Arduino Code | Prefect stable reading | Random reading troubleshooting

Temp sensing and toggling the output on threshold

This logic is prefect for overdrive the jitter output

After I connected the three jumper wires from the LM35 on the breadboard to the 5V, A5 and GND pins on the Arduino, and uploaded the code to display a temperature every second to the serial console, the numbers alternated between zeroes and random numbers. The number I expected to see was 28°C degrees, the ambient temperature for my home office.

After reading numerous comments that the circuit doesn’t work and plenty of bad advice on how to fix it, I came across a comment that pinpointed the real problem: all those how-to articles were nothing more than copy-and-paste click bait for the websites.

The LM35DZ comes in a TO-92 package like a transistor. A plastic cylinder body with one side flat and three pins poking out from the bottom. It’s quite easy to connect power and ground backwards. The best way to remember pinout is to look at the flat side of the LM35: left pin is power, center pin is output, and right pin is ground.

The LM35 supposed to be a remote sensor at the end of a coaxial cable (one wire with grounded shielding). One way to stop the cable from acting like an antenna that interferes with the sensor is to add a resistor-capacitor (R-C) damper between out and ground. A bypass capacitor across power and ground eliminates unwanted electromagnetic interference (EMI).

Adding those three components fixed the LM35 as a temperature sensor for the Arduino.

After looking at so many how-to articles, I settled on “Reading the Room Temperature with an LM35 Sensor” by restating as the basis for my own project. It clearly explains how the LM35 works, uses the Arduino's internal voltage reference for better accuracy, and the copy-and-paste code works without modification with the revised circuit.

The LM35 in the revised circuit takes several minutes for the numbers to settle down and then consistently report the room temperature in the serial console.

LM35 Datasheet : https://www.ti.com/lit/ds/symlink/lm35.pdf

Code:

Temp sensing and toggling the output on threshold

This logic is prefect for overdrive the jitter output

Author: arshad.pathan@gmail.com

#define TEMP_SNS_PIN 0

#define TEMP_THRESHOLD 40

#define TEMP_COOL_THRESHOLD 38

#define TIMER_LED 9

#define TEMP_LED 10

volatile float tempC = 0;

volatile int reading = 0;

String mode = "";

volatile boolean temp_overshoot = false;

void setup() {

// initialize serial communications at 9600 bps:

Serial.begin(9600);

//for temp sensing

analogReference(INTERNAL);

pinMode(LED_BUILTIN, OUTPUT);

pinMode(TIMER_LED, OUTPUT);

pinMode(TEMP_LED, OUTPUT);

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {

digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)

digitalWrite(TIMER_LED, HIGH);

digitalWrite(TEMP_LED, HIGH);

delay(100); // wait for a second

digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, LOW); // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW

digitalWrite(TIMER_LED, LOW);

digitalWrite(TEMP_LED, LOW);

delay(100);

}

digitalWrite(LED_BUILTIN, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)

digitalWrite(TIMER_LED, HIGH);

digitalWrite(TEMP_LED, HIGH);

}

void loop() {

read_temp();

if (temp_overshoot == false) {

if (tempC > TEMP_THRESHOLD) {

temp_overshoot = true;

}

if (temp_overshoot) {

if (tempC < TEMP_COOL_THRESHOLD) {

temp_overshoot = false;

} else {

mode = "RED";

}

} else {

mode = "GREEN";

}

Serial.print("sensor = ");

Serial.print(tempC);

Serial.print("\t mode = ");

Serial.print(mode);

Serial.println();

delay(20);

}

/*s************************************************

Read Temp

*************************************************/

void read_temp() {

reading = analogRead(TEMP_SNS_PIN);

tempC = reading / 9.31;

}

Income Tax Slab Rates for FY 20-21 (AY 2021-22 )

2021-06-17T17:10:00.001+05:30

Income tax slab rate applicable for New Tax regime – Financial year 2020-2021, Assessment year 2021-2022

Here you find the chart of Income Tax Slab for AY 2020-21 in case of Individual and HUF assessee.

Income Tax Slab	New Regime Income Tax Slab Rates for FY 2020-21 (Applicable for All Individuals & HUF)
Rs 0.0 – Rs 2.5 Lakhs	NIL
Rs 2.5 lakhs- Rs 3.00 Lakhs	5% (tax rebate u/s 87a is available)
Rs. 3.00 lakhs – Rs 5.00 Lakhs	5% (tax rebate u/s 87a is available)
Rs. 5.00 lakhs- Rs 7.5 Lakhs	10%
Rs 7.5 lakhs – Rs 10.00 Lakhs	15%
Rs 10.00 lakhs – Rs. 12.50 Lakhs	20%
Rs. 12.5 lakhs- Rs. 15.00 Lakhs	25%
> Rs. 15 Lakhs	30%

Tax Calculator 2021 Official website Link

2021-06-17T12:10:00.009+05:30

TAX CALCULATOR INDIA

Tax calculator official website

https://www.incometaxindia.gov.in/pages/tools/tax-calculator.aspx

Income-tax Rules

https://www.incometaxindia.gov.in/Pages/rules/income-tax-rules-1962.aspx

avrdude: stk500_page_write(): (a) protocol error, expect=0x14, resp=0x10 | Avrdude Second time uploading problem

2021-06-17T11:39:00.000+05:30

Avrdude Second time uploading problem

avrdude: stk500_page_write(): (a) protocol error, expect=0x14, resp=0x10

PROBLEM: On first time upload uploading process was done properly, on second time upload got this message avrdude: stk500_page_write(): (a) protocol error, expect=0x14, resp=0x10
Possible Problem: Over size of bootloader
Solution: Use hex file without bootloader in final .hex file and use this command
Reference: https://forum.arduino.cc/t/avrdude-stk500_paged_write-a-protocol-error-expect-0x14-resp-0x10/635152/2
-D Parameter: Disable flash erase, Do not write bootloader

[TETED COMMAND] avrdude -patmega328p -carduino -PCOM6 -b115200 -D -Uflash:w:stringray_32u_acw_spd_06_wb.hex:i

Chart of Governors of Gujarat [ INDIA ]

2021-02-11T16:06:00.002+05:30

Chart of Governors of Gujarat [ INDIA ]

Download Link

Decathlon MTB Rockrider ST20 Height selection user review by kid after 2 Months | Budget Cycle India

2020-09-24T10:05:00.009+05:30

NUMBER OF SPEEDS: Single speed

FRAME TYPE: Steel frame

SUSPENSION TYPE: Rigid suspension

TYPE OF BRAKES: vBrakes

NUMBER OF CHAINRINGS: Single chainring

WHEEL SIZE: 26"

LEVEL OF PRACTICE: BEGINNER

Why should I buy this bike ?

The bike has a quick-release on the front wheel and the seat for toolless adjustment and easy wheel removal for fixing punctures and transportation. The bike is supported on a rigid steel frame. The bike has aluminum wheels that prevent rusting and reduces the weight of the cycle. The front crank has a plastic chain guard which helps keep grease away from your ankles or shoes. The "two-fingers" breaking system decreases stress on your hands. The cycle has an ergo saddle comfortable on long rides

Why Should I Choose A ROCKRIDER Cycle?

All ROCKRIDER cycles are tested by a team of ROCKRIDER cyclists. All observations are noted and worked on to improve the cycle. This helps our customers get the best cycling experience. All your spares are under one roof and our workshop team will take complete care of your bicycle. Customer feedback is very important to us. We listen to our customers to improve our product design.

Frame

The comfortable unisex steel frame geometry. The diamond frame design provides rigidity. The frame is coated with royal blue paint to complement the graphics on the frame, designed in India for India. We provide a lifetime warranty on frame and fork.

Fork

Curved fork to absorb vibrations and give more rigidity. We also have a lifetime warranty on the fork.

Drive train

Single speed drive train optimized for flat roads and slight gradients.

Brakes

Caliper V-brakes with pads that can be used in both dry and wet conditions. Brake levers come in black colour to match the aesthetics of the handlebar.

Handlebar

Steel handlebar with a smooth finish on the stem. Integrated handlebar at the stem for more strength and aesthetics. The U-shaped handlebars provide the right riding position for the cyclist. The handlebars are 63 cm in length which makes it easy to control the bike. Steel headset system allows for better strength and stability in the event of a frontal impact.

Saddle

ROCKRIDER Sport ergonomic foam saddle. Steel welded seat post for added safety. Collar clamp diameter = 28.6mm; seat post diameter = 25.25 mm. Quick-release system for tool-less adjustment of the seat.

Wheels

Anodized black aluminium single-walled rims. Anodizing prevents rust and de-colorizing of the aluminium rim over time. The front wheel comes with quick-release for easy removal of the wheel for transportation and puncture repair.

Tyres

Ralson: 26X 1.95 CRAZE tires for good grip in both dry and wet conditions.

Bottom bracket / Pedals

Steel bottom bracket for better rolling and longer life leading to lesser maintenance cost. Flat pedals with grooves for grip and broad on the floor to firmly place the feet.

#Decathlon #Rockrider #ST20 #Review #Height #Selection #UserReview #Cycle #BestCycle #TopCycle #CycleSelection #Ahmedabad#LowFrame #26T #BudgetCycle

Explanation of Rain Forest by Furkan Pathan

2020-09-24T10:02:00.005+05:30

Explanation of Rain Forest by Furkan Pathan

» Tropical rainforests are forests with tall trees, warm climate, and lots of rain. In some rainforests it rains more than one inch every day!

» Rainforests are found in the tropics, the region between the Tropic of Capricorn and Tropic of Cancer. In this region the sun is very strong and shines about the same amount of time every day all year long making the climate warm and stable. Brazil, Congo, Peru, Indonesia, Colombia, Papua, New Guinea, Venezeula, Bolivia, Mexico, and Suriname.

» Heavy rainfall and lots of sunlight makes rainforests are covered with trees and plants. The leaves of the canopy often make the ground layer of the rainforest a dark and humid place. However, despite its constant shade.

» Because rainforests are located in tropical regions, they receive a lot of sunlight. This sunlight is converted to energy by plants through the process of photosynthesis. Since there is a lot of sunlight, that means there is a lot of energy in the rainforest. This energy is stored in plant vegetation which is eaten by animals. Because there is a lot of food there are many species of plants and animals.

» Plants found in rainforests: Kapok tree, Bromeliad, Orchid, Banana-type tree, Palm tree, Insectivorous plant, Corpse lily etc.

» Animals found in rainforests: 150 species of beetles, Leaf-cutterants termites, Anacondas, Birds, Bats, Agoutis, Tapirs Monkeys, Three-toed sloth, Jaguar etc.

#RainForest #ScienceProjects #ShreyasFoundation #Kids #Projects

Experience with Rain Gauge by Furkan Pathan.

2020-09-24T10:00:00.003+05:30

Experience with Rain Gauge by Furkan Pathan.

» Rain gages have been designed as meteorological tools to measure the amount of typical precipitation reaching the ground, unobstructed by surface effects.

» Most standard rain gauges have a wide funnel leading into the cylinder and are calibrated so that one-tenth of an inch of rain measures one inch when it collects inside. The funnel is 10 times the cross-sectional area of the tube.

Rainfall as low as . 01 inches can be measured with this instrument.

» The sum of daily rainfall calculated from rainfall records equates to total annual rainfall. Knowing the average rainfall for an area helps farmers make decisions about planting, harvesting, and irrigating crops.

» Measuring cylinder rain gauge: Glass measuring cylinder only for rain gauge. Graduated to measure from 0 to 10mm of rain from a 5 inch rain gauge.

#RainGauge #ScienceProjects #ShreyasFoundation #Kids #Projects #DIY #RainFallCalculation

Science Fair Shreyas Foundation

2020-09-24T09:58:00.003+05:30

Furkan Pathan @ science Fair, Shreyas Foundation

#FoodChain #ScienceProjects #ShreyasFoundation #Kids #Projects #DIY

Apple Catch by FAP

2020-08-23T18:14:00.004+05:30

1). Use left and right arrow keys to move the basket.

2). Press the space bar to make your score zero or to restart the game.

3). The game will end at the score of 500. This is the winner.

4). There are surprise of golden Apples, you have to collect it.

Game designed by Furkan Pathan

How to solve the problem of stepper motor overheating

2020-08-20T12:15:00.009+05:30

How to solve the problem of stepper motor overheating

One of the most significant advantages of the stepper motor is that it can be controlled accurately in open loop system because the rotor position can be determined only by tracking the input step pulse, but an overheating problem occurs easily in stepper motor, so how to solve this problem if such condition occurs?

The harmfulness of the motor's heating phenomenon:

The effect of heat on the motor Although it does not generally affect the life of the motor, it is not necessary for most customers. However, severe fever can have some negative effects. If the thermal expansion coefficient of each part of the motor is different, the structural stress changes and the small change of the internal air gap will affect the dynamic response of the motor, and the high speed will easily lose the step. In some cases, excessive heating of the motor, such as medical equipment and high-precision test equipment, is not allowed.

Test results

Test results confirm that closed-loop step motors draw current only when needed, so they run cooler and with less power consumption than open-loop options. Consider actual tests that run both the open-loop and closed-loop variations to get the same motion profile:

Acceleration = 100 rev/sec2 and deceleration = 100 rev/sec2

Distance = 5 rev and speed = 10 rev/sec

Dwell time = 0.1 sec

Both carry set load inertia and rotor inertia and operate from a 48-Vdc power supply. Results in the graph below show that the average power consumption of an open-loop stepper system delivering such output uses 43.8 W.

Solutions

1. Reduce running current

Reduce the heat radiated from the motor, which is to reduce copper loss and iron loss. There are two ways to reduce copper loss: reduce the resistance and the current, which requires us to choose the motor with small rated current as much as possible. For 2-phase stepper motor, do not use parallel-motor unless serial-motor cannot use, but this often contradicts the requirements of torque and speed.

2. Reduce the idle (holding) current for the motor

For a selected motor, automatic half-flow control function and offline function of the driver should be fully utilized. The former will reduce the current automatically while the latter will cut off the current direction when the motor is in a static condition.

3. The current waveform is close to a sinewave

Besides, the current waveform is close to sine, so harmonic of subdividing stepper motor driver is less and heat from the motor is less. There are not many ways to reduce iron loss. Voltage grade is related to the loss. The high-voltage drive motor can improve the high-speed characteristic, but also causes the heat increasing.

4. Choose the appropriate drive voltage level

Proper drive motor voltage grade should be selected and those indexes, such as high-speed characteristic, smoothness, heat and noises, etc. should be also taken into account.

Bipolar DC-to-DC Supply

2020-08-19T10:46:00.006+05:30

Reference Links

Basic Design Refrence

https://journalspress.com/an-efficient-hybrid-dc-to-dc-boost-converter-with-bi-polar-symmetrical-voltage-multiplier-for-renewable-applications

Analog Devices Design Refence

Bipolar, Bidirectional DC-to-DC Supply Sources and Sinks Current from 5 V to 24 V Input
https://www.analog.com/ru/technical-articles/bipolar-bidirectional-dc-dc-supply-sources-and-sinks-current.html#

TI Precision Designs: Verified Design

Bipolar +/-10V Analog Output from a Unipolar Voltage Output DAC
https://www.ti.com/lit/ug/slau525/slau525.pdf

Product

https://www.murata.com/products/productdata/8807024689182/bpm15.pdf?1583754810000

myRata PS - Murata Power Solutions
- BPM15 Series - Wide Input bipolar 15 Watt DC to DC Converters
- Selected: BPM15-050-q12 - Input 24V (9-36V Range) - Output +/-5V - Current 1.5 amp
- Purchase Link:
  - https://www.digikey.in/product-detail/en/murata-power-solutions-inc/BPM15-050-Q12P-C/811-3153-ND/5962492
  - INR 2273 + Shipping + Tax + Customs on 19 Aug 2020

Common Facilities at NID Gandhinager

2018-03-12T15:57:00.000+05:30

Honourable Minister of Commerce & Industry and Minister of Civil Aviation, Government of India, Shri Suresh Prabhu inaugurated the Design Gallery, Presentation Hall and Auditorium at NID Gandhinagar campus on 11 March 2018. The ceremony was also attended by Shri. Mansukh Mandaviya, Minister of State, Road Transport, Shipping, Chemicals & Fertilizer, Shri Dhansukh Bhanderi, Chairman, GMFB and NID governing council member Shri Samveg Lalbhai. #design #NID #India #Commerce #Industry #CivilAviation Nid Convocationvyas_pradyumna @sureshpprabhu @DIPPGOI @CMOGujarat @vijayrupanibjp @PMOIndia @narendramodi

NAANI KA GHAR

2017-11-29T10:31:00.002+05:30

~~~ *NAANI KA GHAR* ~~~

Woh nani ka ghaar aur lal-lal hoto wali naani.,
Woh safeed kapde aur palathi laga ke beeth na...

Woh nani ka paandaan, aur khufiya khaane,
Special chocolet aur 20 pese wali goli,

Woh bada sa kaleen aur nani ka gaw taqiya,
Woh taq-taq wali gadi aur aur daheliz ka zhoola..

Bas yaade, yaade,
Yaade reh jati he,

Wo kali maati ka matka aut bhari sa glaas,
Bhige huwe paan baar bar bhigana..

Woh mitthu ka pijra aur mota pahadi mittu,
Woh roti khilana aur city bajana...

Woh almaari, aur cup-saucer,
Woh diwal ka kabat aur doodh ka pawder,

Bas yaade, yaade,
Yaade reh jati he,

Woh baath-room ka darwaza aur badi si baari,
Woh saboon ki khushboo, aur tuwal gila kar na...

Woh subha bakare kaat na, gheete bhaga na..
Woh billi maar na gali me jaa ke,

Woh baarish ka paani aur bada sa parda..
Woh datta laga ke swming pool banana

Bas yaade, yaade,
Yaade reh jati he,

Who line se beeth na, chay roti ke liye,
Woh body banana aur roti count karna.

Woh chuni-lal ka chavana aur budhi ke baal,
Woh baraf ka gola, aur mansuri ka dahi,

Woh lassi bana na, woh kot ladana,
Woh kushti ladna, aur rote huwe haas na...

Bas yaade, yaade,
Yaade reh jati he,

Woh thermocol ki chaat aur bada sa sandookh,
Aanaj ke nalee aur metal ki peti,

Woh b/w t.v. aur channel ki movie,
Woh machan ka khazana aur lokhand ki sidi..

Woh rang chu chu chu kinkahahi, aur lihaaf me ghus ke sona..
Woh dubayi-ka bhoot aur machaan ki aankhe...

Bas yaade, yaade,
Yaade reh jati he,

~AP

वह नानी का घर और लाललाल होठों वाली नानी,
वह सफ़ेद कपडे और पालथी लगा कर बैठना।

वह नानी का पानदान और ख़ुफ़िया खाने,
ख़ास चॉकलेट और बिस पैसे वाली गोली।

वह बड़ा सा कालीन और गाव-तकिया,
वह टक टक वाली घड़ी और दहलीज़ का झूला।

बस यादे यादे, यादे रह जाती है !

वह काली माटी का मटका और भारी सा ग्लास,
भीगे हुवे पानो को बार बार भीगना।

वह मिट्ठू का पिंजरा मोटा पहाड़ी मिट्ठू,
वह रोटी खिलाना और सिटी बजाना।

वह लकड़ी की अलमारी और कप-सासर की लाइन,
वह दीवाल में जड़ा कबाट, और चु चु करता दरवाज़ा।

बस यादे यादे, यादे रह जाती है !

वह चुन्नी लाल का चवणा और बूढ़ी के बाल,
वह बर्फ का गोला और मीठी मीठी लस्सी।

वह लट्टू घूमना और कोट लड़ाना,
वह कुश्ती लड़ना और रट हुवे हंसना।

वह पुराना टीवी और चैनल की मूवी
वह आनाज के नल्ले और बड़ा सा संदूख।

बस यादे यादे, यादे रह जाती है !

~AP

Arduino - controlling high voltage device using transistors

2017-11-20T09:52:00.000+05:30

Arduino - controlling high voltage device using transistors

Arduinos and raspberry pi's operate at a lower voltage (5v) and controlling led's, servos etc can be done this voltage or with a simple transistor based switching. In this post i will show different techniques used to control devices at a higher voltage and power levels. These techniques can be used in conjunction with many other projects for e.g remote controllers to control high power devices like room heaters, lamps e.t.c In general, you need to couple the 5voltage control signals to the input of these switching circuits.

Controlling DC motors at 12 volt with Speed controle (PWM)

Controlling DC motors with PWM (pulse width modulation, to control the intensity/speed) is straight forward. Here we use a special transistor (TIP-122, datasheet) which is a darlington pair and can switch a device up to 100Volts (DC). It is a TO-220 package with all inside the package (see figure). Connect the PWM output (for speed control) to the base of TIP-122. Connect emitter pin to ground and collector pin to C fan/motor and the other end of fan to positive end of 12v DC.

Use any pwm pin (eg Pin 9 with analogWrite(9,speed_value);) and connect it to the base of the transistor (TIP-122) via 1k resistor

GSM SIM800, SIM900 Solving AT+CPIN IS NOT READY, Network Registration Fail

2017-04-27T23:08:00.000+05:30

# Problem
- GSM SIM800, SIM900 Solving AT+CPIN IS NOT READY, Network Registration Fail
- AT+COPS? Responding: +COPS: 0
- AT+CREG? Responding: +CREG: 0,0

# Check Points
- AT+CSQ Respond: +CSQ: [someVal],0 > that means there is GSM signal
- AT+CFUN? Respond: +CFUN: 1 > that means it is not in sleep mode.
- AT+CSCLK? Respond: +CSCLK: 0 > that means Module is not in slow clock mode

#Solution
- AT+CMEE=1 : it will enable error report and module will respond with error code
- Check AT+CPIN? : now it will respond with error code
- Mine one is AT+CPIN? : Respond : +CME ERROR: 10
- Then check the error code list and rectify the problem

- You can also try with, ATZ Reset Default Configuration and AT&F Factory Defined Configurat

- AT+CMEE=2 : it will enable error report and module will respond with details error

#Error Code
CME ERROR: 0    Phone failure
CME ERROR: 1    No connection to phone
CME ERROR: 2    Phone adapter link reserved
CME ERROR: 3    Operation not allowed
CME ERROR: 4    Operation not supported
CME ERROR: 5    PH_SIM PIN required
CME ERROR: 6    PH_FSIM PIN required
CME ERROR: 7    PH_FSIM PUK required
CME ERROR: 10    SIM not inserted
CME ERROR: 11    SIM PIN required
CME ERROR: 12    SIM PUK required
CME ERROR: 13    SIM failure
CME ERROR: 14    SIM busy
CME ERROR: 15    SIM wrong
CME ERROR: 16    Incorrect password
CME ERROR: 17    SIM PIN2 required
CME ERROR: 18    SIM PUK2 required
CME ERROR: 20    Memory full
CME ERROR: 21    Invalid index
CME ERROR: 22    Not found
CME ERROR: 23    Memory failure
CME ERROR: 24    Text string too long
CME ERROR: 25    Invalid characters in text string
CME ERROR: 26    Dial string too long
CME ERROR: 27    Invalid characters in dial string
CME ERROR: 30    No network service
CME ERROR: 31    Network timeout
CME ERROR: 32    Network not allowed, emergency calls only
CME ERROR: 40    Network personalization PIN required
CME ERROR: 41    Network personalization PUK required
CME ERROR: 42    Network subset personalization PIN required
CME ERROR: 43    Network subset personalization PUK required
CME ERROR: 44    Service provider personalization PIN required
CME ERROR: 45    Service provider personalization PUK required
CME ERROR: 46    Corporate personalization PIN required
CME ERROR: 47    Corporate personalization PUK required
CME ERROR: 48    PH-SIM PUK required
CME ERROR: 100    Unknown error
CME ERROR: 103    Illegal MS
CME ERROR: 106    Illegal ME
CME ERROR: 107    GPRS services not allowed
CME ERROR: 111    PLMN not allowed
CME ERROR: 112    Location area not allowed
CME ERROR: 113    Roaming not allowed in this location area
CME ERROR: 126    Operation temporary not allowed
CME ERROR: 132    Service operation not supported
CME ERROR: 133    Requested service option not subscribed
CME ERROR: 134    Service option temporary out of order
CME ERROR: 148    Unspecified GPRS error
CME ERROR: 149    PDP authentication failure
CME ERROR: 150    Invalid mobile class
CME ERROR: 256    Operation temporarily not allowed
CME ERROR: 257    Call barred
CME ERROR: 258    Phone is busy
CME ERROR: 259    User abort
CME ERROR: 260    Invalid dial string
CME ERROR: 261    SS not executed
CME ERROR: 262    SIM Blocked
CME ERROR: 263    Invalid block
CME ERROR: 772    SIM powered down

ESP8266 NodeMCU Serial Junk Data arduino IDE Serial Communication

2017-04-27T21:52:00.000+05:30

Hi, i got some problem in NodeMCU when using with arduino ide,

# Hardware
- NodeMcu v.1.0
- Printed circuit board
- Sim800c mini GSM board

# Software
- Arduino IDE v.1.8.2
- esp8266 v.2.2.0 board manager from [https://github.com/esp8266/Arduino]
- Software Serial library.

I am sending AT command to sim800c, RX TX connection circuit is like this,

Used flash tools:

    Espressif ESP FLASH DOWNLOAD TOOL V2.4
    esptool.py

What happened:

    - Tested my own project (written with Arduino IDE)
    - Used Arduino OTA (device is in difficult accessible location)
    - OTA worked several times
    - OTA failed, device not connecting to WiFi anymore, even after power off/on cycle
    - Removed ESP module, try to reflash over serial port with FDDI cable
    - Still ESP module fail to boot

Found error codes:
On serial monitor (74880 baud) module shows always endless loop of

Fatal exception (0):
epc1=0x40211668, epc2=0x00000000, epc3=0x00000000, excvaddr=0x00000000, depc=0x00000000]

# Ref:

- got some ref. from this link : [http://bbs.espressif.com/viewtopic.php?t=1606]
- Measure the voltage of ESP8266's pin VDD.
- Use hot air gun to remove the wifi Chip from the PCB board and measure the resisitence of each pin to the ground to check if the chip is broken.
- Power on the ESP8266 module, measure the voltage of ESP8266's 3V3 pin.

# Analysis:

- Did not get any fruitful results.
- Finally after some try and errors i got noticed that, when my GSM module was on and i am using NodeMCU there is no problem in any communication. but when GSM module is off i am getting this whole matter..

# Result:

- So as per previous reference i got idea about GPIO pin resistance, it must be not connected with ground.
- In my circuit R8 5.6K is connected with ground. it is giving a problem, when my GSM module is in switch on mode, internal pullup will take care about that, but when GSM is in switch off mode i am geeting lot's of junk in serial monitor..
- After removing R8 5.6K, NodeMCU is smoothly working..

Volkswagen Tiguan First Look‬‬ - 2017

2017-03-23T10:21:00.000+05:30

The 2017 Volkswagen Touareg is widely inspired by its own sibling Tiguan which is smaller in size. It will be a five seater SUV model which will definitely sit above Tiguan in the lineup. The 2017 Volkswagen Touareg is going to replace the current Touareg which went on sale in 2011.

The 2017 Volkswagen Touareg is going to be in markets in less than a year. The company will be giving the vehicle a more luxurious look and a comfortable interior.

The car’s overall look resembles that of Atlas which is popular in the US. Its wheel arches are rounded and a wide front grille is showcased at the event. One can also see that it has been formulated on a shorter wheelbase which can be seen easily in the picture.

If we look at the technology and mechanical specs of the SUV, it has a lot to offer too. 2017 Volkswagen Touareg will come with a plug-in hybrid powertrain which will produce an output of 381bhp.

An image of the upcoming 2017 Volkswagen Touareg’s front was released on Facebook by a fan of the company. It has given us the full insight on the body and styling of the SUV. It can be seen in the picture that the LED lights are more angular in shape, according to AutoCar.

The hybrid powertrain will be offered however conventional engine such as diesel and petrol ones will be offered too. It is said that VW is making sure that the SUV gets an ultra-modern and spacious cabin.

As we know that the SUV will be rivaling Volvo XC90 and BMW X5 which is the reason that Touareg’s features will be of first class too. It is said that it will be priced somewhere around £45,000.

Microsoft Kinect for Xbox 360 : Video Collection and technical information

2017-03-08T16:38:00.001+05:30

Microsoft Kinect for Xbox 360 : Video Collection and technical information

CNN News

Depth sensors compatible with OpenNI (Kinect, XtionPRO, ...) are supported through VideoCapture class. Depth map, BGR image and some other formats of output can be retrieved by using familiar interface of VideoCapture.

In order to use depth sensor with OpenCV you should do the following preliminary steps:

Install OpenNI library (from here http://www.openni.org/downloadfiles) and PrimeSensor Module for OpenNI (from here https://github.com/avin2/SensorKinect). The installation should be done to default folders listed in the instructions of these products, e.g.:

1 OpenNI:

2 Linux & MacOSX:

3 Libs into: /usr/lib

4 Includes into: /usr/include/ni

5 Windows:

6 Libs into: c:/Program Files/OpenNI/Lib

7 Includes into: c:/Program Files/OpenNI/Include

8 PrimeSensor Module:

9 Linux & MacOSX:

10 Bins into: /usr/bin

11 Windows:

12 Bins into: c:/Program Files/Prime Sense/Sensor/Bin

If one or both products were installed to the other folders, the user should change corresponding CMake variables OPENNI_LIB_DIR, OPENNI_INCLUDE_DIR or/and OPENNI_PRIME_SENSOR_MODULE_BIN_DIR.
Configure OpenCV with OpenNI support by setting WITH_OPENNI flag in CMake. If OpenNI is found in install folders OpenCV will be built with OpenNI library (see a status OpenNI in CMake log) whereas PrimeSensor Modules can not be found (see a status OpenNI PrimeSensor Modules in CMake log). Without PrimeSensor module OpenCV will be successfully compiled with OpenNI library, but VideoCapture object will not grab data from Kinect sensor.
Build OpenCV.

VideoCapture can retrieve the following data:

data given from depth generator:
- CAP_OPENNI_DEPTH_MAP - depth values in mm (CV_16UC1)
- CAP_OPENNI_POINT_CLOUD_MAP - XYZ in meters (CV_32FC3)
- CAP_OPENNI_DISPARITY_MAP - disparity in pixels (CV_8UC1)
- CAP_OPENNI_DISPARITY_MAP_32F - disparity in pixels (CV_32FC1)
- CAP_OPENNI_VALID_DEPTH_MASK - mask of valid pixels (not ocluded, not shaded etc.) (CV_8UC1)
data given from BGR image generator:
- CAP_OPENNI_BGR_IMAGE - color image (CV_8UC3)
- CAP_OPENNI_GRAY_IMAGE - gray image (CV_8UC1)

In order to get depth map from depth sensor use VideoCapture::operator >>, e. g. :

VideoCapture capture( CAP_OPENNI );

for(;;)

{

Mat depthMap;

capture >> depthMap;

if( waitKey( 30 ) >= 0 )

break;

}

For getting several data maps use VideoCapture::grab and VideoCapture::retrieve, e.g. :

VideoCapture capture(0); // or CAP_OPENNI

for(;;)

{

Mat depthMap;

Mat bgrImage;

capture.grab();

capture.retrieve( depthMap, CAP_OPENNI_DEPTH_MAP );

capture.retrieve( bgrImage, CAP_OPENNI_BGR_IMAGE );

if( waitKey( 30 ) >= 0 )

break;

}

For setting and getting some property of sensor` data generators use VideoCapture::set and VideoCapture::get methods respectively, e.g. :

VideoCapture capture( CAP_OPENNI );

capture.set( CAP_OPENNI_IMAGE_GENERATOR_OUTPUT_MODE, CAP_OPENNI_VGA_30HZ );

cout << "FPS    " << capture.get( CAP_OPENNI_IMAGE_GENERATOR+CAP_PROP_FPS ) << endl;

Since two types of sensor's data generators are supported (image generator and depth generator), there are two flags that should be used to set/get property of the needed generator:

CAP_OPENNI_IMAGE_GENERATOR – A flag for access to the image generator properties.
CAP_OPENNI_DEPTH_GENERATOR – A flag for access to the depth generator properties. This flag value is assumed by default if neither of the two possible values of the property is not set.

Some depth sensors (for example XtionPRO) do not have image generator. In order to check it you can get CAP_OPENNI_IMAGE_GENERATOR_PRESENT property.

bool isImageGeneratorPresent = capture.get( CAP_PROP_OPENNI_IMAGE_GENERATOR_PRESENT ) != 0; // or == 1

Flags specifing the needed generator type must be used in combination with particular generator property. The following properties of cameras available through OpenNI interfaces are supported:

For image generator:
- CAP_PROP_OPENNI_OUTPUT_MODE – Three output modes are supported: CAP_OPENNI_VGA_30HZ used by default (image generator returns images in VGA resolution with 30 FPS), CAP_OPENNI_SXGA_15HZ (image generator returns images in SXGA resolution with 15 FPS) and CAP_OPENNI_SXGA_30HZ (image generator returns images in SXGA resolution with 30 FPS, the mode is supported by XtionPRO Live); depth generator's maps are always in VGA resolution.
For depth generator:
- CAP_PROP_OPENNI_REGISTRATION – Flag that registers the remapping depth map to image map by changing depth generator's view point (if the flag is "on") or sets this view point to its normal one (if the flag is "off"). The registration process’s resulting images are pixel-aligned,which means that every pixel in the image is aligned to a pixel in the depth image.
  
  Next properties are available for getting only:
- CAP_PROP_OPENNI_FRAME_MAX_DEPTH – A maximum supported depth of Kinect in mm.
- CAP_PROP_OPENNI_BASELINE – Baseline value in mm.
- CAP_PROP_OPENNI_FOCAL_LENGTH – A focal length in pixels.
- CAP_PROP_FRAME_WIDTH – Frame width in pixels.
- CAP_PROP_FRAME_HEIGHT – Frame height in pixels.
- CAP_PROP_FPS – Frame rate in FPS.
Some typical flags combinations "generator type + property" are defined as single flags:
- CAP_OPENNI_IMAGE_GENERATOR_OUTPUT_MODE = CAP_OPENNI_IMAGE_GENERATOR + CAP_PROP_OPENNI_OUTPUT_MODE
- CAP_OPENNI_DEPTH_GENERATOR_BASELINE = CAP_OPENNI_DEPTH_GENERATOR + CAP_PROP_OPENNI_BASELINE
- CAP_OPENNI_DEPTH_GENERATOR_FOCAL_LENGTH = CAP_OPENNI_DEPTH_GENERATOR + CAP_PROP_OPENNI_FOCAL_LENGTH
- CAP_OPENNI_DEPTH_GENERATOR_REGISTRATION = CAP_OPENNI_DEPTH_GENERATOR + CAP_PROP_OPENNI_REGISTRATION

For more information please refer to the example of usage openni_capture.cpp in opencv/samples/cpp folder.

Tutorials: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bSeFrPrqZ2A&list=PLl-adqaLCzZkjfLBF0aTAs8vrEb0HVtBu

Source: http://docs.opencv.org/3.1.0/d7/d6f/tutorial_kinect_openni.html

7 New Tax Saving Tips you may not know | How to Save Tax | March this year

2017-02-21T12:29:00.001+05:30

7 New Tax Saving Tips you may not know | How to Save Tax | March this year

7 Tax Saving Tips - For most of the people ‘tax savings’ means life insurance, PPF, EPF, Bank FDs and equity-linked savings scheme, among others, that qualify for tax deduction under Section 80C of the Income-Tax Act OR Home Loan Tax saving ways. However, there are many lesser known avenues that offer additional tax breaks to individuals. They are not widely discussed as they involve special situations in life such as having a special dependant, paying rent to parents, Senior citizen parents etc. In this video we will discuss 7 of such hidden and not so popular options which you should consider before filing your tax returns.

Google Operating System Chrome OS

2017-02-20T09:58:00.003+05:30

It's been an exciting nine months since we launched the Google Chrome browser. Already, over 30 million people use it regularly. We designed Google Chrome for people who live on the web — searching for information, checking email, catching up on the news, shopping or just staying in touch with friends. However, the operating systems that browsers run on were designed in an era where there was no web. So today, we're announcing a new project that's a natural extension of Google Chrome — the Google Chrome Operating System. It's our attempt to re-think what operating systems should be.

Google Chrome OS is an open source, lightweight operating system that will initially be targeted at netbooks. Later this year we will open-source its code, and netbooks running Google Chrome OS will be available for consumers in the second half of 2010. Because we're already talking to partners about the project, and we'll soon be working with the open source community, we wanted to share our vision now so everyone understands what we are trying to achieve.

Speed, simplicity and security are the key aspects of Google Chrome OS. We're designing the OS to be fast and lightweight, to start up and get you onto the web in a few seconds. The user interface is minimal to stay out of your way, and most of the user experience takes place on the web. And as we did for the Google Chrome browser, we are going back to the basics and completely redesigning the underlying security architecture of the OS so that users don't have to deal with viruses, malware and security updates. It should just work.

Google Chrome OS will run on both x86 as well as ARM chips and we are working with multiple OEMs to bring a number of netbooks to market next year. The software architecture is simple — Google Chrome running within a new windowing system on top of a Linux kernel. For application developers, the web is the platform. All web-based applications will automatically work and new applications can be written using your favorite web technologies. And of course, these apps will run not only on Google Chrome OS, but on any standards-based browser on Windows, Mac and Linux thereby giving developers the largest user base of any platform.

Google Chrome OS is a new project, separate from Android. Android was designed from the beginning to work across a variety of devices from phones to set-top boxes to netbooks. Google Chrome OS is being created for people who spend most of their time on the web, and is being designed to power computers ranging from small netbooks to full-size desktop systems. While there are areas where Google Chrome OS and Android overlap, we believe choice will drive innovation for the benefit of everyone, including Google.

We hear a lot from our users and their message is clear — computers need to get better. People want to get to their email instantly, without wasting time waiting for their computers to boot and browsers to start up. They want their computers to always run as fast as when they first bought them. They want their data to be accessible to them wherever they are and not have to worry about losing their computer or forgetting to back up files. Even more importantly, they don't want to spend hours configuring their computers to work with every new piece of hardware, or have to worry about constant software updates. And any time our users have a better computing experience, Google benefits as well by having happier users who are more likely to spend time on the Internet.

We have a lot of work to do, and we're definitely going to need a lot of help from the open source community to accomplish this vision. We're excited for what's to come and we hope you are too. Stay tuned for more updates in the fall and have a great summer.

[Source]

Thermal Printer, Panel Printer, with Arduino RS232, Serial Communication

2017-02-20T09:56:00.001+05:30

Thermal Printer, Panel Printer, with Arduino RS232, Serial Communication

Features

1) Compact Design

2) High Speed

3) High Resolution

4) Light Weight

5) Low Noise

6) Easy Loading

7) Electrostatic Protection

8) Tough Body

9) Pannel Paper Cutter

Outline

Printing Method: Thermal

Paper Width: 57.5mm

Paper Diameter: 55mm

Resolution: 203DPI

Printing Speed: Up to 90mm/s

Barcode Supported: I25,UPC-A,UPC-E,EAN-8, EAN-13,Codebar,Code39, Code93,Code128,Code11,MSI

Font: ASCII(12x24)

Graphic printing: Direct bitmap printing

Paper Sensor: Photo-sensor

Head tempeture detection: Thermistor

Communication Interface: RS232 or RS232 with TTL level

Power supply: 5V-9V

Head Life: 50km

Printing width: 48mm

Operation condition: 5~45c, 20~90%RH(40c)

Storage condition: -40~60c, 20~93%RH(40c)

Control Board Details

Printing Test

After power up, connect J1 and disconnect, one test page will be printed.

On board LED

There is one LED on board to indicate the status of the board. The indicator is as follows:

Blink one: Work well

Blink two: No printer is detected

Blink three: No paper is detected

Blank five: Printer mechanism is overheat.

Serial Communication.

this printer integrate 2 serial communication connectors.

The RS232 connector is specially dedicated to the full RS232 protocol (+/- 12V levels), when the TTL connector is designed to handle TTL levels (0/5V levels).

RS232 and TTL Connector details.

http://printarduino.blogspot.in/2010/02/arduino-and-thermal-printers.html

7th pay commission [7th CPC] COMMON MEMORANDUM – AT A GLANCE

2014-07-18T17:21:00.004+05:30

7th pay commission

7TH CPC COMMON MEMORANDUM – AT A GLANCE

Highlights of the Memorandum submitted on issues common to all Central Government employees to Secretary 7th Pay Commission.

JCM NC has also submitted Interim Memorandum on interim relief and Merger of DA.

1. Pay scales are calculated on the basis of pay drawn pay in pay band + GP + 100% DA by employees as on 01.01.2014.

2. 7th CPC report should be implemented w.e.f. 01-01-2014. In future five year wage revision.

3. Scrap New Pension Scheme and cover all employees under Old Pension and Family Pension Scheme.

4. JCM has proposed minimum wage for MTS (Skilled) Rs.26,000 p.m.

5. Ratio of minimum and maximum wage should be 1:8.

6. General formula for determination of pay scale based on minimum living wage demanded for MTS is pay in PB+GP x 3.7.

7. Annual rate of increment @ 5% of the pay.

8. Fixation of pay on promotion = 2 increments and difference of pay between present and promotional posts (minimum Rs.3000).

9. The pay structure demanded is as under:- (open ended pay scales – Total 14 pay scales)

Existing	Proposed(in Rs.)
PB-1, GP Rs. 1800	26,000
PB-1, GP Rs. 1900	26,000
PB-1, GP Rs. 2000	33,000
PB-1, GP Rs. 2400	33,000
PB-1, GP Rs. 2800	46,000
PB-2, GP Rs. 4200	56,000
PB-2, GP Rs. 4600	56,000
PB-2, GP Rs. 4800	74000
PB-2, GP Rs. 5400	78,000
PB-3, GP 5400	88000
PB-3, GP 6600	102000
PB-3, GP 7600	120000
PB-4, GP 8900	148000
P4-4, GP 10000	162000
HAG	193000
Apex Scale	213000
Cabinet Secretary	240000

X Classified City	Other Places
Rs. 7500 + DA	Rs. 3750 +DA

Category	A1, A Class City	Other Cities
Executive	Rs. 5000 per day + DA	Rs. 3500 per day + DA
Non-Executive	Rs. 4000 per day + DA	Rs. 2500 per day + DA

X Class Cities	60%
Other Classified Cities	40%
Unclassified Locations	20%

	`X’ Class Cities	`Y’ Class Cities
A. Pay up to Rs.50,000	10%	5%
B. Pay above Rs.50,000	6% minimum Rs 5000	3% minimum Rs.2500

9 (a) Wages and service conditions of Gramin Dak Sevaks is to be examined by 7th CPC itself.

10. Dearness Allowances on the basis of 12 monthly average of CPI, Payment on 1st Jan and 1st July every year.

11. Overtime Allowances on the basis of total Pay + DA + Full TA.

12 Liabilities of all Government dues of persons died in harness be waived.

13. Transfer Policy – Group `C and `D Staff should not be transferred. DoPT should issue clear cut guideline as per 5th CPC recommendation. Govt. should from a Transfer Policy in each department for transferring on mutual basis on promotion. Any order issued in violation of policy framed be cancelled by head of department on representation.

14. Transport Allowance -

The stipulation for TA that the Govt. employee should be on duty in his headquarters for certain number of days during the calendar month should be removed.

15. Deputation Allowance double the rates and should be paid 10% of the pay at same station and 20% of the pay at outside station.

16. Classification of the post should be executive and non-executive instead of present Group A,B.C.

17. Special Pay which was replaced with Special/Allowance by 4th CPC be bring back to curtail pay scales.

18. Scrap downsizing, outsourcing and contracting of govt. jobs.

19. Regularize all casual labour and count their entire service after first two year, as a regular service for pension and all other benefits. They should not be thrown out by engaging contractors workers.

20. The present MACPs Scheme be replaced by giving five promotion after completion of 8,15,21,26 and 30 year of service with benefits of stepping up of pay with junior and also hierarchical pay scales.

21. PLB being bilateral agreement, it should be out of 7th CPC perview.

22. Housing facility:-
(a) To achieve 70% houses in Delhi and 40% in all other towns to take lease accommodation and allot to the govt. employees.
(b) Land and building acquired by it department may be used for constructing houses for govt. employees.

23. House Building Allowance :-
(a) Simplify the procedure of HBA
(b) Entitle to purchase second and used houses

24. Common Category – Equal Pay for similar nature of work be provided.

25. Compassionate appointment – remove ceiling of 5% and give appointment within Three months.

26. Traveling Allowance:-

27. Composite Transfer Grant: -

Executive Class 6000 kg by Goods Train/ Rate per km by road 8 Wheeler Wagon Rs.50+DA(Rs.1 per kg and single container per km)
Non-Executive Class 3000 kg – do – -do-

28. Children Education Allowance should be allowed up to Graduate, Post Graduate, and all Professional Courses. Allow any two children for Children Education Allowance.

29. Fixation of pay on promotion – two increments in feeder grade with minimum benefit of Rs.3000.

30. House Rent Allowance

31. Compensatory City Allowance.

32. Patient Care Allowance to all para-medical and staff working in hospitals.

33. All allowances to be increased by three times.

34. NE Region benefits – Payment of Special Duty Allowance @ 37.5% of pay.

35. Training: – Sufficient budget for in-service training.

36. Leave Entitlement
(i) Increase Casual Leave 08 to 12 days & 10 days to 15 days.
(ii) Declare May Day as National Holiday
(iii) In case of Hospital Leave, remove the ceiling of maximum 24 months leave and 120 days full payment and remaining half payment.
(iv) Allow accumulation of 400 days Earned Leave
(v) Allow encashment of 50% leave while in service at the credit after 20 years Qualifying Service.
(vi) National Holiday Allowance (NHA) – Minimum one day salary and eligibility criteria to be removed for all Non Executive Staff.
(vii) Permit encashment of Half Pay Leave.
(viii) Increase Maternity Leave to 240 days to female employees & increase 30 days Paternity Leave to male employees.

37. LTC
(a) Permission to travel by air within and outside the NE Region.
(b) To increase the periodicity once in a two year.
(c) One visit outside country in a lifetime

38. Income Tax:
(i) Allow 30% standard deduction to salaried employees.
(ii) Exempt all allowances.
(iii) Raise the ceiling limit as under:
(a) General – 2 Lakh to 5 Lakh
(b) Sr. Citizen – 2.5 Lakh to 7 Lakh
(c) Sr. Citizen above 80 years of age – 5 Lakh to 10 Lakh
(iv) No Income Tax on pension and family pension and Dearness Relief.

39. (a) Effective grievance handling machinery for all non-executive staff.
(b) Spot settlement
(c) Maintain schedule of three meetings in a year
(d) Department Council be revived at all levels
(e) Arbitration Award be implemented within six month, if not be discussed with Staff Side before rejection for finding out some modified form of agreement.

40. Appoint Arbitrator for shorting all pending anomalies of the 6th CPC.

41. Date of Increment – 1st January and 1st July every year. In case of employees retiring on 31st December and 30th June, they should be given one increment on last day of service, i.e. 31st December and 30th June, and their retirements benefits should be calculated by adding the same.

42. General Insurance: Active Insurance Scheme covering risk upto Rs. 7,50,000/- to Non Executive & Rs. 3,50,000/- to Skilled staff by monthly contribution of Rs. 750/- & Rs. 350/- respectively.

43. Point to point fixation of pay.

44. Extra benefits to Women employees (i) 30% reservation for women.
(ii) Posting of husband and wife at same station.
(iii) One month special rest for chronic disease
(iv) Conversion of Child Care Leave into Family Care Leave
(v) Flexi time

45. Gratuity:
Existing ceiling of 16 ½ months be removed and Gratuity be paid @ half month salary for every year of qualifying service.
Remove ceiling limit of Rs.10 Lakh for Gratuity.

46. Pension:
(i) Pension @ 67% of Last Pay Drawn (LPD) instead of 50% presently.
(ii) Pension after 10 years of qualifying service in case of resignation.
(iii) Increase pension age-based as under:
65 Years – 70% of Las Pay Drawn (LPD)
70 Years – 75% of LPD
75 Years – 80% of LPD
80 Years – 85% of LPD
85 Years – 90% of LPD
90 Years – 100% of LPD
(iv) Parity of pension to retirees before 1.1.2006.
(v) Enhanced family pension should be same in case of death in harness and normal death.
(vi) After 10 years, family pension should be 50% of LPD.
(vii) Family pension to son upto the age of 28 years looking to the recruitment age.
(viii) Fixed Medical Allowance (FMA) @ Rs.2500/- per month.
(ix) Extend medical facilities to parents also.
(x) HRA to pensioners.
(xi) Improvement in ex-gratia pension to CPF/SRPF retirees up to 1/3rd of full pension.

NB: The above is only gist. All points raised by us not included. For understanding the entire demands raised by us, Please read the full memorandum published in our website.

(M. Krishnan)
Secretary General
NFPE/Confederation

Fuse bits for AVR ATMega8 Ponyprog

2014-01-09T10:44:00.000+05:30

It is about the question of how the fuse bits must be set in most cases.

And here it is, the collection of the default settings most frequently used the fuse bits for ATmega8.
Fuse bits for AVR ATMega8 Ponyprog

First, verify with Datasheets, because some of Atmega are made for only lower frequency response.
Like ATMega8L will works till 8Mhz frequency.

I am no responsible for any loss or IC damage, only one wrong fuse bit will make non responsive ic. That may be recover by fusebit doctor.

1 MHz internal RC Oscillator

Low Fuse

11100001
Brown-out detection level at VCC = 2.7 V; [BODLEVEL = 1]
Int. RC Osc. 1 MHz start-up time: 6 CK + 64 ms; [CHSEL = 0001 SUT = 10]; defaultValue

High Fuse

11011001
Serial program downloading (SPI) enabled; [SPIEN = 0]
Boot Flash section size = 1024 words start address = $ 0C00 boat; [BOOTSZ = 00]; defaultValue

Lockbits

11111111
Mode 1: No memory lock features enabled
Application Protection Mode 1: No lock on SPM and LPM in Application Section
Boot Loader Protection Mode 1: No lock on SPM and LPM in Boot Loader Section

8 MHz internal RC Oscillator

Low Fuse

11100100
Brown-out detection level at VCC = 2.7 V; [BODLEVEL = 1]
Int. RC Osc. 8 MHz start-up time: 6 CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL = 0100 SUT = 10]

High Fuse

11011001
Serial program downloading (SPI) enabled; [SPIEN = 0]
Boot Flash section size = 1024 words start address = $ 0C00 boat; [BOOTSZ = 00]; defaultValue

Lockbits

11111111
Mode 1: No memory lock features enabled
Application Protection Mode 1: No lock on SPM and LPM in Application Section
Boot Loader Protection Mode 1: No lock on SPM and LPM in Boot Loader Section

3-8 Mhz external crystal

Low Fuse

11111111
Brown-out detection level at VCC = 2.7 V; [BODLEVEL = 1]
. External Crystal / Resonator High Freq, Start-up time: 16K CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL = 1111 SUT = 11]

High Fuse

11011001
Serial program downloading (SPI) enabled; [SPIEN = 0]
Boot Flash section size = 1024 words start address = $ 0C00 boat; [BOOTSZ = 00]; defaultValue

Lockbits

11111111
Mode 1: No memory lock features enabled
Application Protection Mode 1: No lock on SPM and LPM in Application Section
Boot Loader Protection Mode 1: No lock on SPM and LPM in Boot Loader Section

8-16 Mhz external crystal

Low Fuse

11111111
Brown-out detection level at VCC = 2.7 V; [BODLEVEL = 1]
. External Crystal / Resonator High Freq, Start-up time: 16K CK + 64 ms; [CKSEL = 1111 SUT = 11]

High Fuse

11001001
Serial program downloading (SPI) enabled; [SPIEN = 0]
Boot Flash section size = 1024 words start address = $ 0C00 boat; [BOOTSZ = 00]; defaultValue
CKOPT fuse (operation dependent of CKSEL fuses); [CKOPT = 0]

Lockbits

11111111
Mode 1: No memory lock features enabled
Application Protection Mode 1: No lock on SPM and LPM in Application Section
Boot Loader Protection Mode 1: No lock on SPM and LPM in Boot Loader Section

PonyProg

1 MHz internal RC Oscillator

Lockbits

11111111

High Fuse

11011001
SPIEN
BOOTSZ1
BOOTSZ0

Low Fuse

11100001
SUT0
CKSEL3
CKSEL2
CHSEL1

8 MHz internal RC Oscillator

Lockbits

11111111

High Fuse

11011001
SPIEN
BOOTSZ1
BOOTSZ0

Low Fuse

11100100
SUT0
CKSEL3
CKSEL1
CHSEL0

8-16 Mhz external crystal

Lockbits

11111111

High Fuse

11001001
SPIEN
CKOPT
BOOTSZ1
BOOTSZ0

Low Fuse

11111111