<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26881320</id><updated>2024-08-31T09:28:35.379-03:00</updated><category term="Tecnologia"/><category term="Comportamento"/><category term="Crise Financeira"/><category term="Política"/><category term="Ciência"/><category term="Humor"/><category term="Impostos"/><category term="Controle de Preços"/><category term="Governo"/><category term="Comércio Internacional"/><category term="Desenvolvimento"/><category term="História"/><category term="Lei"/><category term="Ditaduras"/><category term="Economistas"/><category term="Estratégia"/><category term="Meio Ambiente"/><category term="Barack Obama"/><category term="Eleições"/><category term="Mercado de Trabalho"/><category term="Método Científico"/><category term="Alimentos"/><category term="Argentina"/><category term="Citações"/><category term="Corrupção"/><category term="Direitos Autorais"/><category term="Economia Monetária"/><category term="Energia"/><category term="Entrevista"/><category term="Gastos Militares"/><category term="Incentivos"/><category term="Internet"/><category term="Personagens"/><category term="Política Fiscal"/><category term="Produtividade"/><category term="Saúde"/><category term="Teoria dos Jogos"/><category term="educação"/><category term="Agricultura"/><category term="Controle de Aluguéis"/><category term="Crescimento"/><category term="Desenvolvimento Humano"/><category term="Dinheiro"/><category term="Distribuição de Renda"/><category term="Econometria"/><category term="Economia Política"/><category term="Energia Limpa"/><category term="Estados Unidos"/><category term="Finanças"/><category term="Imigração"/><category term="Legalização de Drogas"/><category term="Livros"/><category term="Mercados"/><category term="Oferta e Demanda"/><category term="Pobreza"/><category term="Religião"/><category term="Resenha"/><category term="Urbanização"/><category term="Vantagem Comparativa"/><category term="antropologia"/><category term="off post"/><category term="sociologia"/><title type='text'>Almoço Grátis</title><subtitle type='html'>Para quem pensava que não existia, aqui está</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default?redirect=false'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default?start-index=26&amp;max-results=25&amp;redirect=false'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>150</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26881320.post-961798684824891855</id><published>2011-08-04T22:08:00.001-03:00</published><updated>2011-08-04T22:13:39.759-03:00</updated><title type='text'>O Índice Big Mac confirma que a mão-de-obra brasileira está cara</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.economist.com/bigmac0811&quot;&gt;Índice Big Mac da revista ‘The Economist’&lt;/a&gt;, cuja atualização pode ser vista em&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;, confirma a percepção de que a mão-de-obra brasileira, onerada pelos encargos sociais, retira competitividade às exportações brasileiras.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; O número de 30/07/2011 da revista celebra os 25 anos desse índice, que, embora tenha nascido como uma brincadeira para facilitar o entendimento do que é ‘paridade do poder de compra’, hoje é um padrão global, incluído em livros-textos de Economia e objeto de mais de 20 trabalhos acadêmicos. Como parte dessa celebração, a revista acrescentou agora uma versão mais sofisticada do índice, que leva em consideração o chamado ‘efeito &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balassa%E2%80%93Samuelson_effect&quot;&gt;Balassa-Samuelson&lt;/a&gt;’, segundo o qual é natural que os preços em economias emergentes, onde a mão-de-obra é mais barata, sejam por isso mais baixos que em economias desenvolvidas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Isto é confirmado pelo fato demonstrado pela ‘The Economist’, de que o preço de um sanduiche Big Mac em dólares, nos diferentes países, mostra uma forte correlação positiva com o PIB per capita desses países. A revista passa então a mostrar dois números. Um é a simples comparação de preços do sanduiche Big Mac, ao câmbio corrente, no país e nos EUA. O outro é resultante da comparação do preço que deveria ser observado no país, em função da sua relação com o PIB per capita, com o preço nos EUA. Os resultados mudam substancialmente, uma vez efetuada essa correção.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; No caso da China, o yuan passa de 44% subvalorizado para 3% supervalorizado. Ou seja, levando-se em conta o quanto a China é mais pobre que os EUA, e sua mão-de-obra consequentemente mais barata, sua moeda está muito próxima do seu justo valor face ao dólar norte-americano.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; No caso do Brasil, acontece o contrário. O índice Big Mac puro mostra que o real se encontra 52% supervalorizado em relação ao dólar. Mas o índice corrigido revela uma supervalorização de 149% do real em relação ao dólar norte-americano.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Esta verificação ressalta um dos nossos principais problemas atuais: a mão-de-obra brasileira está muito cara em relação à sua produtividade. É preciso, com urgência, desonerar nossa mão-de-obra da pesada carga tributária imposta pelos chamados encargos sociais, os quais mais do que duplicam o seu custo para os empregadores. E não como o governo está pretendendo fazer - de uma forma seletiva, para alguns setores privilegiados - mas de uma forma generalizada, para todos os setores produtivos do país.&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/feeds/961798684824891855/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/26881320/961798684824891855' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/961798684824891855'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/961798684824891855'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/2011/08/o-indice-big-mac-confirma-que-mao-de.html' title='O Índice Big Mac confirma que a mão-de-obra brasileira está cara'/><author><name>Fabiano Pegurier</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02785082289766799032</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26881320.post-7370958632073435675</id><published>2011-07-05T21:41:00.002-03:00</published><updated>2011-07-05T21:42:41.186-03:00</updated><title type='text'>A ascensão da China: e o Brasil com isso?</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt; 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priority=&quot;33&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Book Title&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;37&quot; name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;39&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt; /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:&quot;Tabela normal&quot;; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}&lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;A China deve continuar &lt;a href=&quot;http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/2011/06/ascensao-da-china-sem-data-para.html&quot;&gt;crescendo vigorosamente&lt;/a&gt; e isto manterá por muito tempo a tendência mundial de valorização das “commodities” primárias em relação às manufaturas. O que isso significa para nós?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;No XXIII Forum Nacional, realizado em maio passado, o Prof Affonso Celso Pastore apresentou um trabalho elaborado em colaboração com Maria Cristina Pinotti, intitulado ‘O Câmbio no Brasil: Perguntas e Respostas’. Esse trabalho mostra claramente que a valorização do real de 2010 para cá tem muito mais a ver com a inversão dos termos de troca do Brasil, face ao aumento dos preços das “commodities” por nós exportadas, do que com a entrada de capitais atraídos pela elevada taxa de juros vigente no Brasil. &lt;/span&gt;  &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Na realidade, a valorização do real é mais uma desvalorização do dólar norte-americano em relação a quase todas as moedas, como consequência da política monetária seguida pelos EUA desde a crise de 2008. E essa desvalorização do dólar é especialmente forte em relação às moedas dos países exportadores de “commodities” primárias. A moeda que mais vem se valorizando em relação ao dólar dos EUA é o dólar da Austrália, país que exporta grande quantidade de minérios para a China, mas apresenta internamente uma taxa de juros relativamente baixa. &lt;/span&gt;  &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Pastore e Pinotti lembram também que a maior parte do capital entrando no Brasil desde o ano passado não é especulativo, e visa retorno em mais longo prazo, uma vez que é composto por investimentos diretos, empréstimos bancários e de empresas a suas subsidiárias brasileiras, assim como investimentos em imóveis e ações. Nada do que o governo possa fazer vai frear essa corrente de investimento estrangeiro sem prejudicar fortemente o crescimento do país, pois poupamos pouco e não podemos abrir mão da poupança externa para crescer como precisamos. &lt;/span&gt;  &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;E não se pode prever que a situação deva mudar no futuro previsível, com a populosa China continuando a crescer em ritmo forte, mesmo que inferior ao atual. O que fazer, então? Precisamos aprender a conviver com um real forte. Como? Cortando despesas correntes e aumentando a poupança do governo, assim reduzindo nossa dependência da poupança externa. Eliminando a carga tributária que incide sobre os manufaturados exportados, para torná-los mais competitivos. E “last, but not least”, melhorando (muito) nossa educação, a fim de possibilitar mais rápida absorção de tecnologia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/feeds/7370958632073435675/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/26881320/7370958632073435675' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/7370958632073435675'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/7370958632073435675'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/2011/07/ascensao-da-china-e-o-brasil-com-isso.html' title='A ascensão da China: e o Brasil com isso?'/><author><name>Fabiano Pegurier</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02785082289766799032</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26881320.post-541920391438054192</id><published>2011-06-15T12:39:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2011-06-15T12:39:44.083-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Ascensão da China: sem data para terminar</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O notável crescimento da China desde o fim da década de 1970 inverteu a relação de trocas que vinha prevalecendo em todo o mundo desde meados do século XIX: “commodities” primárias menos valorizadas x manufaturas mais valorizadas. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Essa foi uma das conclusões importantes do &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.forumnacional.org.br/sec.php?s=110&amp;amp;i=pt&quot;&gt;XXIII Fórum Nacional&lt;/a&gt;, realizado em meados de maio pelo INAE - Instituto de Altos Estudos, dirigido pelo ex-Ministro João Paulo dos Reis Velloso. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;A China, crescendo como está, mostra, por um lado, um apetite voraz por alimentos, combustíveis e matérias-primas industriais. Por outro lado, o sucesso chinês na incorporação de enormes massas de ex-camponeses à sua produção industrial, assim como na rápida absorção de tecnologia de ponta, está fazendo do país a mais competitiva fonte de manufaturas do planeta. Nestas novas circunstâncias, são as “commodities” que estão mais caras e as manufaturas, mais baratas, no mundo inteiro. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;A segunda conclusão dos debates do Fórum é que a estratégia chinesa de crescimento é sustentável por todo o futuro previsível. Isto não quer dizer que o país continuará crescendo ao incrível ritmo dos últimos anos, ou que não encontrará problemas pela frente. Mas significa que o atual círculo virtuoso, formado, em conjunto, por elevada taxa de poupança, avanço tecnológico incessante e enorme reserva de mão-de-obra campesina, poderá sustentar a rápida atualização da infraestrutura, o forte crescimento do consumo interno e a elevada competitividade de suas manufaturas. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Em suma, a China continuará crescendo vigorosamente - e isto manterá por muito tempo a tendência mundial de valorização das “commodities” primárias em relação às manufaturas. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/feeds/541920391438054192/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/26881320/541920391438054192' title='2 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/541920391438054192'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/541920391438054192'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/2011/06/ascensao-da-china-sem-data-para.html' title='Ascensão da China: sem data para terminar'/><author><name>Fabiano Pegurier</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02785082289766799032</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26881320.post-8509559232962742672</id><published>2011-05-28T19:03:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2011-05-28T19:03:20.556-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Holanda: pioneira esquecida da democracia liberal</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;o:OfficeDocumentSettings&gt;   &lt;o:AllowPNG/&gt;  &lt;/o:OfficeDocumentSettings&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:WordDocument&gt;   &lt;w:View&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:Zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:TrackMoves/&gt;   &lt;w:TrackFormatting/&gt;   &lt;w:HyphenationZone&gt;21&lt;/w:HyphenationZone&gt;   &lt;w:PunctuationKerning/&gt;   &lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/&gt;   &lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:DoNotPromoteQF/&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeOther&gt;PT-BR&lt;/w:LidThemeOther&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeAsian&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeAsian&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;   &lt;w:Compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:BreakWrappedTables/&gt;    &lt;w:SnapToGridInCell/&gt;    &lt;w:WrapTextWithPunct/&gt;    &lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules/&gt;    &lt;w:DontGrowAutofit/&gt;    &lt;w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/&gt;    &lt;w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/&gt;    &lt;w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/&gt;    &lt;w:OverrideTableStyleHps/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;m:mathPr&gt;    &lt;m:mathFont m:val=&quot;Cambria Math&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:brkBin m:val=&quot;before&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:brkBinSub m:val=&quot;&amp;#45;-&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:smallFrac m:val=&quot;off&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:dispDef/&gt;    &lt;m:lMargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:rMargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:defJc m:val=&quot;centerGroup&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:wrapIndent m:val=&quot;1440&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:intLim m:val=&quot;subSup&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:naryLim m:val=&quot;undOvr&quot;/&gt;   &lt;/m:mathPr&gt;&lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState=&quot;false&quot; DefUnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Um fato pouco enfatizado pelos cientistas políticos modernos é a importância da constituição dos Países Baixos, elaborada no fim do século XVI, para a formação do pensamento liberal desenvolvido na Inglaterra no fim do século XVII e consolidado nos EUA no fim do século XVIII. Destacar esse episódio é outro ponto forte do livro &lt;a href=&quot;http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/2011/05/o-desenvolvimento-da-democracia-no.html&quot;&gt;Perfecting Parliament, de Roger Congleton&lt;/a&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Ele lembra que em 1464, o Duque de Borgonha instituiu um sistema de governo inteiramente novo para os seus domínios no delta do Reno, que exigia a colaboração entre assembleias regionais e um único governador nomeado para toda a região, já então uma das mais urbanizadas e ricas da Europa. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Treze anos depois, em guerra contra a França, sua herdeira negociou um ‘Grande Privilégio’ com essas assembleias regionais, em troca de seu apoio nesse conflito. Estas ganharam, assim, não só poder de veto sobre todas as decisões relativas a taxação e guerra, como também o poder de se autoconvocarem independentemente de permissão superior. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Quando, no fim do século XVI, tornou-se inevitável o conflito entre as elites locais e os Habsburgos, que haviam adquirido o domínio sobre a região através de casamentos e heranças, as sete províncias do norte do delta criaram uma aliança de defesa mútua contra a Espanha, que resultou, em 1581, na declaração de independência holandesa. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;É impressionante verificar como a teoria de direitos naturais e a defesa de um governo limitado, constantes dessa declaração, ressurgem nos argumentos desenvolvidos por John Locke nos seus &lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dois_Tratados_sobre_o_Governo&quot;&gt;Dois Tratados sobre o Governo&lt;/a&gt;, de 1689, e nos termos usados por Jefferson, Adams e Franklin na &lt;a href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declara%C3%A7%C3%A3o_da_Independ%C3%AAncia_dos_Estados_Unidos&quot;&gt;Declaração de Independência dos EUA&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;goog_985572230&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;goog_985572231&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, de 1776. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;A simples leitura desses textos revela como os ingleses do século XVII e os norte-americanos do século XVIII são descendentes intelectuais diretos dos holandeses do século XVI.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/feeds/8509559232962742672/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/26881320/8509559232962742672' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/8509559232962742672'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/8509559232962742672'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/2011/05/holanda-pioneira-esquecida-da.html' title='Holanda: pioneira esquecida da democracia liberal'/><author><name>Fabiano Pegurier</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02785082289766799032</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26881320.post-887967028815804409</id><published>2011-05-17T21:19:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2011-05-17T21:19:45.012-03:00</updated><title type='text'>O desenvolvimento da democracia no Ocidente</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt; 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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.amazon.com/Perfecting-Parliament-Constitutional-Liberalism-Democracy/dp/0521151694&quot;&gt;Perfecting Parliament&lt;/a&gt;, de Roger D. Congleton, professor de Economia e Ciência Política da George Mason University, é um livro bastante denso, de leitura nada fácil, mas muito  informativo e perspicaz. Ele oferece uma explicação bastante convincente para a democratização do mundo ocidental, caracterizada pela transição de poder dos reis para os parlamentos e pela crescente universalização do sufrágio para a escolha dos parlamentares. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Segundo &lt;a href=&quot;http://economics.gmu.edu/people/details/congleto&quot;&gt;Congleton&lt;/a&gt;, essa mudança não resultou, como se imagina, de uma súbita transformação de governos autoritários em democráticos, forçada por revoluções ocorridas desde o fim do século XVIII. Ao contrário, ela se deu por uma lenta evolução que vem se processando desde a Alta Idade Média, através de uma longa série de reformas constitucionais liberalizantes, barganhadas entre os reis e seus súditos em vários países ocidentais. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Nenhuma revolução conhecida instaurou um governo democrático. Isso é particularmente verdadeiro no caso da França, onde a emergência de uma democracia liberal somente se iniciou após a queda de Napoleão III e teve um caráter eminentemente evolucionário. Em casos de guerras de independência, como na Bélgica e nos EUA, os novos governos se basearam em sistemas políticos relativamente democráticos pré-existentes nos seus territórios. Em nenhum caso, a democracia parlamentar surgiu de um único grande salto constitucional. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O gabarito de governo clássico, tão antigo quanto a humanidade e praticamente universal, do qual surgiu a democracia parlamentar, consiste em ‘rei-e-conselho’. Vários tipos de governo, desde ditaduras até democracias representativas, cabem nesse gabarito, dadas suas múltiplas alternativas para a divisão de autoridade entre o rei e o conselho e para o processo de escolha dos conselheiros. Para Congleton, a evolução do sistema rei-e-conselho, até chegar a uma democracia parlamentar, resultou da interação entre os novos interesses econômicos surgidos desde a Alta Idade Média e as instituições políticas pré-existentes.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Nos próximos posts, veremos alguns exemplos interessantes dessa evolução.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/feeds/887967028815804409/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/26881320/887967028815804409' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/887967028815804409'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/887967028815804409'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/2011/05/o-desenvolvimento-da-democracia-no.html' title='O desenvolvimento da democracia no Ocidente'/><author><name>Fabiano Pegurier</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02785082289766799032</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26881320.post-843900477983049596</id><published>2011-05-05T22:35:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2011-05-05T22:35:51.922-03:00</updated><title type='text'>O desastre da democracia direta na Califórnia</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;o:OfficeDocumentSettings&gt;   &lt;o:RelyOnVML/&gt;   &lt;o:AllowPNG/&gt;  &lt;/o:OfficeDocumentSettings&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:WordDocument&gt;   &lt;w:View&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:Zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:TrackMoves/&gt;   &lt;w:TrackFormatting/&gt;   &lt;w:HyphenationZone&gt;21&lt;/w:HyphenationZone&gt;   &lt;w:PunctuationKerning/&gt;   &lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/&gt;   &lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:DoNotPromoteQF/&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeOther&gt;PT-BR&lt;/w:LidThemeOther&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeAsian&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeAsian&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;   &lt;w:Compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:BreakWrappedTables/&gt;    &lt;w:SnapToGridInCell/&gt;    &lt;w:WrapTextWithPunct/&gt;    &lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules/&gt;    &lt;w:DontGrowAutofit/&gt;    &lt;w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/&gt;    &lt;w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/&gt;    &lt;w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/&gt;    &lt;w:OverrideTableStyleHps/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;m:mathPr&gt;    &lt;m:mathFont m:val=&quot;Cambria Math&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:brkBin m:val=&quot;before&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:brkBinSub m:val=&quot;&amp;#45;-&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:smallFrac m:val=&quot;off&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:dispDef/&gt;    &lt;m:lMargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:rMargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:defJc m:val=&quot;centerGroup&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:wrapIndent m:val=&quot;1440&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:intLim m:val=&quot;subSup&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:naryLim m:val=&quot;undOvr&quot;/&gt;   &lt;/m:mathPr&gt;&lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState=&quot;false&quot; DefUnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
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O &lt;a href=&quot;http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/2011/04/perigos-da-democracia-direta-o-exemplo.html&quot;&gt;post anterior&lt;/a&gt; comenta a reforma constitucional efetuada pela Califórnia, em 1911, através da qual o eleitorado recebeu o poder de aprovar leis independentemente da assembleia estadual. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Essa dose de democracia direta não produziu muito efeito na primeira metade do século XX. Até os anos 60, poucas leis, e não muito importantes, foram votadas diretamente pelo eleitorado da Califórnia. Mas as coisas mudaram a partir de 1978, com a aprovação da Proposição 13, uma reação dos eleitores ao forte aumento do imposto equivalente ao nosso IPTU, causado pela valorização imobiliária ocorrida em todo o estado. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Essa proposição determinava uma redução imediata desse imposto - de 2,6% para 1% do valor estimado do imóvel - e, além disso, limitava o seu aumento no futuro. Com a sua aprovação, em 3/6/1978, cortou-se pela metade a receita dos municípios californianos, que passaram a depender de subsídios do estado para cobrir suas despesas com escolas, hospitais e aposentadorias. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A partir de então, muitos grupos de interesse acordaram para a possibilidade de obter benefícios assegurados por lei, através da manipulação do eleitorado. O número de proposições colocadas em votação direta passou de 9 a 74, entre a década de 1960 e a de 2000. A coleta de assinaturas em apoio de novas proposições transformou-se numa indústria. Firmas especializadas nessa tarefa hoje pressionam eleitores encurralados em locais concorridos, que sem entender o que fazem assinam essas listas, depois vendidas ao grupo beneficiado. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ao longo desse processo, os candidatos à assembleia estadual passaram a depender das contribuições de patrocinadores interessados em obter benefícios fiscais do estado, a fim de financiarem campanhas eleitorais cada vez mais caras. É fácil, para os deputados eleitos, satisfazer esses patrocinadores, pois aprovar um favor fiscal exige maioria simples. Mas aumentar impostos, desde a Proposição 13, exige maioria de 2/3. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Resultado: o estado está literalmente falido, sem perspectiva de solução por deliberação da assembleia. Enquanto isso, nos índices mais representativos de qualidade na educação, a Califórnia, o mais rico entre os 50 estados dos EUA, encontra-se entre a 42a e a 47a posição. O problema atingiu um ponto tal que várias mudanças na constituição estadual encontram-se em estudo, a fim de devolver ao legislativo estadual o poder de debater, modificar e substituir as leis aprovadas diretamente pelo eleitorado.</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/feeds/843900477983049596/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/26881320/843900477983049596' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/843900477983049596'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/843900477983049596'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/2011/05/o-desastre-da-democracia-direta-na.html' title='O desastre da democracia direta na Califórnia'/><author><name>Fabiano Pegurier</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02785082289766799032</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26881320.post-75490149863845797</id><published>2011-04-30T14:19:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2011-04-30T14:19:41.718-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Perigos da democracia direta: o exemplo da California</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;o:OfficeDocumentSettings&gt;   &lt;o:RelyOnVML/&gt;   &lt;o:AllowPNG/&gt;  &lt;/o:OfficeDocumentSettings&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:WordDocument&gt;   &lt;w:View&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:Zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:TrackMoves/&gt;   &lt;w:TrackFormatting/&gt;   &lt;w:HyphenationZone&gt;21&lt;/w:HyphenationZone&gt;   &lt;w:PunctuationKerning/&gt;   &lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/&gt;   &lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:DoNotPromoteQF/&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeOther&gt;PT-BR&lt;/w:LidThemeOther&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeAsian&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeAsian&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;   &lt;w:Compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:BreakWrappedTables/&gt;    &lt;w:SnapToGridInCell/&gt;    &lt;w:WrapTextWithPunct/&gt;    &lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules/&gt;    &lt;w:DontGrowAutofit/&gt;    &lt;w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/&gt;    &lt;w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/&gt;    &lt;w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/&gt;    &lt;w:OverrideTableStyleHps/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;m:mathPr&gt;    &lt;m:mathFont m:val=&quot;Cambria Math&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:brkBin m:val=&quot;before&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:brkBinSub m:val=&quot;&amp;#45;-&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:smallFrac m:val=&quot;off&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:dispDef/&gt;    &lt;m:lMargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:rMargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:defJc m:val=&quot;centerGroup&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:wrapIndent m:val=&quot;1440&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:intLim m:val=&quot;subSup&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:naryLim m:val=&quot;undOvr&quot;/&gt;   &lt;/m:mathPr&gt;&lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState=&quot;false&quot; DefUnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
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A ‘The Economist’ de 23/04/11 traz um ‘Special Report’ sobre os problemas políticos e econômicos que a Califórnia está sofrendo, em virtude do poder de aprovar leis independentemente do legislativo estadual, dado ao eleitorado por uma reforma efetuada no início do século XX. Em síntese, essa reportagem mostra como, quando os cidadãos podem fazer leis diretamente, sem passar pelo crivo das discussões e negociações que ocorrem em uma assembleia legislativa, as leis podem perder qualidade e os grupos de interesse ganhar o poder de manipular o eleitorado em seu próprio benefício. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A discussão sobre os méritos da democracia direta e da democracia representativa vem desde a Antiguidade. Os atenienses favoreciam a deliberação das leis em praça pública, com a participação de todos os cidadãos. Os romanos preferiam que suas leis resultassem da barganha entre representantes das diversas classes sociais, que fossem responsabilizados pelo sucesso ou insucesso das suas decisões. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A partir do fim do século XVIII, a preferência pendeu para a democracia representativa, quando seus defensores convenceram as Constituintes dos EUA e da França de que ela não é meramente uma modalidade alternativa de democracia, mas, sim, uma forma de governo essencialmente diferente e melhor. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Inspirada no exemplo da Suíça, único país a usar com sucesso boa dose de democracia direta desde a Idade Média, a Califórnia, em 1911, deu ao seu eleitorado o poder de legislar diretamente. O objetivo era combater a corrupção política patrocinada em boa parte pela Ferrovia do Pacífico Sul, de Leland Stanford (fundador da famosa universidade com o seu nome). &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Mas, ao contrário do sistema suíço, a Califórnia criou uma confrontação, e não uma complementação, entre o legislativo e o eleitorado - e esta parece ser a raiz dos problemas atuais. Voltarei a esse caso no próximo post.</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/feeds/75490149863845797/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/26881320/75490149863845797' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/75490149863845797'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/75490149863845797'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/2011/04/perigos-da-democracia-direta-o-exemplo.html' title='Perigos da democracia direta: o exemplo da California'/><author><name>Fabiano Pegurier</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02785082289766799032</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26881320.post-8726492486797595568</id><published>2011-04-19T22:35:00.001-03:00</published><updated>2011-04-19T22:37:51.162-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Sistema eleitoral com lista fechada - uma desgraça</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt; 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mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}&lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  Hoje, a edição de O Globo (19/04/11) traz interessantes complementos à nossa discussão da reforma política proposta por comissão do Senado, que mostram a desgraça que o sistema de votação proporcional com lista fechada pode nos trazer.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A coluna do Merval Pereira sintetiza um artigo de Carlos Pereira e Marcus André Melo, &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.brookings.edu/opinions/2011/0406_brazil_electoral_system_pereira.aspx&quot;&gt;“Can Brazil&#39;s Electoral System Learn from South Africa&#39;s Mistakes?”&lt;/a&gt;, publicado no site de ‘The Brookings Institution’, no qual relatam um caso ocorrido na África do Sul, muito ilustrativo dos efeitos nocivos que uma ‘partidocracia’ pode causar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O caso envolve a compra de material bélico pelo governo sul-africano, que montava a cerca de 10 bilhões de dólares, dos quais milhões teriam sido desviados por um grupo comandado pelo então vice-presidente Jacob Zuma, para financiamento do partido dominante, o ANC (Partido Nacional Africano).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A investigação do caso sofreu, como era de se esperar, toda sorte de resistência pelo ANC, que detinha mais de 2/3 das cadeiras no parlamento do país, mas a cruzada de moralização da política que a sucedeu levou à demissão do presidente Mbeki, acusado de interferir no trabalho da comissão investigadora.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;E ... o que aconteceu? Jacob Zuma foi eleito presidente da África do Sul e Andrew Feinstein, estrela do ANC, com reeleição assegurada por seu papel de líder da cruzada moralizadora, foi excluído da lista de candidatos do partido na eleição seguinte.  Em entrevista dada a Marcus Melo, Feinstein afirmou que “o grande problema institucional da África do Sul é a utilização da lista fechada”. Na realidade, não se deveria esperar um resultado diferente sob um sistema eleitoral com lista fechada. Leia-se, a respeito, o &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.aspasiacamargo.com.br/site/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;view=article&amp;amp;id=373:caminhos-da-reforma&amp;amp;catid=61:noticias&amp;amp;Itemid=232&quot;&gt;interessante artigo de Aspásia Camargo&lt;/a&gt;, também publicado na mesma data e jornal, que ilustra como esse sistema assegura aos ‘caciques’ de cada partido, acima de tudo, a continuidade da direção partidária.</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/feeds/8726492486797595568/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/26881320/8726492486797595568' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/8726492486797595568'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/8726492486797595568'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/2011/04/sistema-eleitoral-com-lista-fechada-uma.html' title='Sistema eleitoral com lista fechada - uma desgraça'/><author><name>Fabiano Pegurier</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02785082289766799032</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26881320.post-4130544688437354697</id><published>2011-04-18T20:38:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2011-04-18T20:38:02.715-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Ser ou não ser de direita: o dilema dos políticos brasileiros</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:WordDocument&gt;   &lt;w:View&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:Zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:TrackMoves/&gt;   &lt;w:TrackFormatting/&gt;   &lt;w:HyphenationZone&gt;21&lt;/w:HyphenationZone&gt;   &lt;w:PunctuationKerning/&gt;   &lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/&gt;   &lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:DoNotPromoteQF/&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeOther&gt;PT-BR&lt;/w:LidThemeOther&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeAsian&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeAsian&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;   &lt;w:Compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:BreakWrappedTables/&gt;    &lt;w:SnapToGridInCell/&gt;    &lt;w:WrapTextWithPunct/&gt;    &lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules/&gt;    &lt;w:DontGrowAutofit/&gt;    &lt;w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/&gt;    &lt;w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/&gt;    &lt;w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/&gt;    &lt;w:OverrideTableStyleHps/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;m:mathPr&gt;    &lt;m:mathFont m:val=&quot;Cambria Math&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:brkBin m:val=&quot;before&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:brkBinSub m:val=&quot;&amp;#45;-&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:smallFrac m:val=&quot;off&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:dispDef/&gt;    &lt;m:lMargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:rMargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:defJc m:val=&quot;centerGroup&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:wrapIndent m:val=&quot;1440&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:intLim m:val=&quot;subSup&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:naryLim m:val=&quot;undOvr&quot;/&gt;   &lt;/m:mathPr&gt;&lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState=&quot;false&quot; DefUnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O Brasil vive hoje um paradoxo interessantíssimo.  Nenhum dos partidos políticos brasileiros se dispõe a assumir uma posição liberal de centro-direita. Ao mesmo tempo, o eleitorado do país, inclusive a sua parcela mais pobre, se manifesta vez após vez favorável à defesa de direitos individuais (lembram-se do referendo sobre o desarmamento?) e à redução das regras burocráticas, da carga fiscal e do tamanho do governo federal. O noticiário dos últimos dias salienta esse paradoxo. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O ‘The Economist online’ do dia 6 de abril mostra os resultados de uma pesquisa de opinião realizada em 2010 pela GlobeScan sobre o livre mercado como o melhor sistema para o futuro do mundo. Somando-se todas as manifestações de aprovação a esta ideia, o Brasil surge em segundo lugar, com 77%, logo atrás da Alemanha, com 78%, e bem à frente dos EUA, com 59%. Considerando-se apenas as manifestações de forte aprovação, o Brasil surge em primeiro lugar, com 43%.   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Enquanto isso, o ‘The Economist’ impresso do dia 9 traz uma reportagem sobre o dilema do PSDB, que oscila entre manter-se na centro-esquerda, contando com um desgaste do PT, ou mover-se para a direita, em busca do voto da classe média. Segundo o cientista político Alberto Almeida, do Instituto Análise, de São Paulo, citado nesse artigo, existe um potencial de substancial ganho eleitoral para os políticos que tiverem a coragem de se opor à atual política, de elevada taxação para manter altos gastos governamentais como fórmula de crescimento da economia brasileira. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;E o ‘O Globo’ de 13 de abril, traz uma reportagem sobre a reação crítica dos líderes do PSDB ao recente artigo do ex-presidente Fernando Henrique Cardoso, defendendo essa virada à direita. Até mesmo a liderança do DEM criticou FH pelo que disse, sem se preocupar com a correção dos seus argumentos. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O que será que impede os nossos políticos de enxergarem a realidade brasileira?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/feeds/4130544688437354697/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/26881320/4130544688437354697' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/4130544688437354697'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/4130544688437354697'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/2011/04/ser-ou-nao-ser-de-direita-o-dilema-dos.html' title='Ser ou não ser de direita: o dilema dos políticos brasileiros'/><author><name>Fabiano Pegurier</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02785082289766799032</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26881320.post-383100688147668645</id><published>2011-04-03T21:26:00.002-03:00</published><updated>2011-04-03T21:38:45.091-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Meia volta, volver!</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt; 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priority=&quot;20&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Emphasis&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;59&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Table Grid&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Placeholder Text&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;1&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;No Spacing&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;60&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Shading&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; 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semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;60&quot; 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unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Revision&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;34&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;List Paragraph&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;29&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Quote&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;30&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Intense Quote&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 1&quot;&gt; 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name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; 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priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;64&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&quot;&gt; 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name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;64&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;60&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;64&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; 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priority=&quot;33&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Book Title&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;37&quot; name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;39&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable  {mso-style-name:&quot;Tabela normal&quot;;  mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;  mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;  mso-style-noshow:yes;  mso-style-priority:99;  mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;;  mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;  mso-para-margin-top:0cm;  mso-para-margin-right:0cm;  mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;  mso-para-margin-left:0cm;  line-height:115%;  mso-pagination:widow-orphan;  font-size:11.0pt;  font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;  mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;  mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;  mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;  mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;  mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;  mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;  mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;  style=&quot;text-align: justify;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;font-size:12pt;&quot; &gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;font-size:100%;&quot; &gt;No post de 17/02/2011, eu dizía que, face ao desacordo existente entre os políticos a respeito de qual deva ser o nosso processo eleitoral, “é difícil acreditar em qualquer reforma no curto prazo”. Os acontecimentos desta semana estão levando essa previsão a se realizar mais rápidamente do que eu imaginava. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Na terça-feira passada (29-03-2011), a Comissão de Reforma Política do Senado aprovou a proposta de adoção do sistema de representação proporcional com lista fechada para as eleições de deputados federais e estaduais. Nove senadores votaram a favor dessa proposta, enquanto sete preferiram o ‘distritão’. Reparem que essa aprovação contou com um amplo espectro ideológico de partidos: um voto do DEM, dois do PMDB, quatro do PT, um do PSB e um do PCdoB. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A lista fechada assegura o ‘caciquismo’ explícito, ou seja, o comando dos diretórios estaduais dos partidos sobre a escolha dos seus candidatos. Por isso, não parece mera coincidência que tenha conquistado a preferência dos nossos senadores, os quais se contam entre os principais líderes partidários nos seus estados.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O ‘distritão’ também dá força aos líderes partidários estaduais para escolherem candidatos ricos ou famosos, que podem manipular como seus ‘pupilos’ políticos. Por isso, também não surpreende que tenha sido a segunda escolha dos nossos senadores.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Enquanto isso, o voto distrital uninominal, puro ou misto, defendido por líderes do PSDB, sequer foi a voto na Comissão do Senado. Por outro lado, vários deputados já se manifestaram contra qualquer proposta oriunda do Senado, pois não admitem que os senadores assim definam o seu futuro.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O ‘Panorama Político’ do ‘O Globo’ de 31/03 noticia que, segundo a avaliação dos principais partidos, o maior beneficiado pelo sistema proposto é o PT, pois passa a contar tão somente o voto na legenda. O resultado é que “líderes partidários estão pensando em dar meia volta e deixar tudo como está”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;  style=&quot;text-align: justify;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;font-size:12pt;&quot; &gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/feeds/383100688147668645/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/26881320/383100688147668645' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/383100688147668645'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/383100688147668645'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/2011/04/meia-volta-volver.html' title='Meia volta, volver!'/><author><name>Fabiano Pegurier</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02785082289766799032</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26881320.post-2320572476261230974</id><published>2011-04-03T21:26:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2011-04-03T21:26:19.507-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Uma performance desanimadora do STF</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:WordDocument&gt;   &lt;w:View&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:Zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:TrackMoves/&gt;   &lt;w:TrackFormatting/&gt;   &lt;w:HyphenationZone&gt;21&lt;/w:HyphenationZone&gt;   &lt;w:PunctuationKerning/&gt;   &lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/&gt;   &lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:DoNotPromoteQF/&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeOther&gt;PT-BR&lt;/w:LidThemeOther&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeAsian&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeAsian&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;   &lt;w:Compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:BreakWrappedTables/&gt;    &lt;w:SnapToGridInCell/&gt;    &lt;w:WrapTextWithPunct/&gt;    &lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules/&gt;    &lt;w:DontGrowAutofit/&gt;    &lt;w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/&gt;    &lt;w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/&gt;    &lt;w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/&gt;    &lt;w:OverrideTableStyleHps/&gt;    &lt;w:UseFELayout/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;m:mathPr&gt;    &lt;m:mathFont m:val=&quot;Cambria Math&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:brkBin m:val=&quot;before&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:brkBinSub m:val=&quot;&amp;#45;-&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:smallFrac m:val=&quot;off&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:dispDef/&gt;    &lt;m:lMargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:rMargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:defJc m:val=&quot;centerGroup&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:wrapIndent m:val=&quot;1440&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:intLim m:val=&quot;subSup&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:naryLim m:val=&quot;undOvr&quot;/&gt;   &lt;/m:mathPr&gt;&lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState=&quot;false&quot; DefUnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;A recente decisão do Supremo Tribunal Federal - de que a Lei da Ficha não se aplica à eleição de 2010 - é mais uma demonstração do insensível formalismo que persiste no sistema judicial brasileiro. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
O Tribunal Superior Eleitoral já havia se manifestado pela aplicabilidade da lei à eleição de 2010. Com o empate de 5x5 votos em meados do ano passado, o STF tinha diante de si três alternativas. Podia manter a decisão da Justiça Eleitoral, obedecendo ao seu regimento interno. Podia também decidir, usando o voto de Minerva do seu presidente, o que resultaria em reverter a decisão do TSE. Ou podia adiar a decisão. Escolheu a pior de todas - a terceira. Com isso, abriu as portas a futuras contestações à lei, criando uma insegurança institucional indesejada e desnecessária. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Mas agora fez ainda pior. Baseando-se em argumentos duvidosos para classificar a lei como uma alteração do sistema eleitoral no mesmo ano da eleição, julgou prioritário cumprir a letra do artigo 16 da Constituição, que impede modificações desse gênero. A mensagem contida nessa decisão é clara. É mais importante, pela nossa Constituição, assegurar os direitos eleitorais de alguns políticos culpados de crimes inaceitáveis para quem queira exercer um cargo eletivo; é secundário defender a sociedade contra os danos irreparáveis que esses políticos, uma vez eleitos, possam causar. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
O STF revela assim uma chocante insensibilidade em relação às prioridades do Brasil neste momento e - o que gera ainda maior preocupação - uma surpreendente incompreensão das razões por que se formam sociedades civis e se formulam constituições. O único consolo é que cinco juízes decidiram corretamente; falta apenas convencer algum dos outros seis. Suspeito que será preciso muita paulada da opinião pública para que isso aconteça.&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/feeds/2320572476261230974/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/26881320/2320572476261230974' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/2320572476261230974'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/2320572476261230974'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/2011/04/uma-performance-desanimadora-do-stf.html' title='Uma performance desanimadora do STF'/><author><name>Fabiano Pegurier</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02785082289766799032</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26881320.post-7158565056703885508</id><published>2011-03-24T21:43:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2011-04-03T21:50:50.930-03:00</updated><title type='text'>200 países - 200 anos - 4 minutos</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt; 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priority=&quot;20&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Emphasis&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;59&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Table Grid&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Placeholder Text&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;1&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;No Spacing&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;60&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Shading&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Grid&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;64&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;60&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;64&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Revision&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;34&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;List Paragraph&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;29&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Quote&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;30&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Intense Quote&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;60&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;64&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;60&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;64&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;60&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;64&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;60&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;64&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;60&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;64&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;19&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;21&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Intense Emphasis&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;31&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;32&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;33&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Book Title&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;37&quot; name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;39&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable  {mso-style-name:&quot;Tabela normal&quot;;  mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;  mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;  mso-style-noshow:yes;  mso-style-priority:99;  mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;;  mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;  mso-para-margin-top:0cm;  mso-para-margin-right:0cm;  mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;  mso-para-margin-left:0cm;  line-height:115%;  mso-pagination:widow-orphan;  font-size:11.0pt;  font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;  mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;  mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;  mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;  mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;  mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;  mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;  mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:12pt;&quot;  &gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;Não deixem de ver, abaixo, este vídeo imperdível de Hans Rosling, o sueco que criou o Gapminder. Ele vem fazendo palestras sobre desenvolvimento econômico, crescimento populacional e melhoria da saúde em todo o mundo, usando uma nova técnica de apresentação de dados que se movem, de forma a facilitar a sua compreensão.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Além disso, recomendo aprender a lidar com essa técnica de apresentação de dados, porque  certamente se tornará cada vez mais usada e fará o sucesso dos apresentadores que conseguirem dominá-la.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:12pt;&quot;  &gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;center&gt;&lt;iframe title=&quot;YouTube video player&quot; width=&quot;560&quot; height=&quot;349&quot; src=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/embed/jbkSRLYSojo&quot; frameborder=&quot;0&quot; allowfullscreen&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/center&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/feeds/7158565056703885508/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/26881320/7158565056703885508' title='2 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/7158565056703885508'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/7158565056703885508'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/2011/04/200-paises-200-anos-4-minutos.html' title='200 países - 200 anos - 4 minutos'/><author><name>Fabiano Pegurier</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02785082289766799032</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://img.youtube.com/vi/jbkSRLYSojo/default.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26881320.post-687441625793776783</id><published>2011-03-23T21:39:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2011-04-03T21:42:14.593-03:00</updated><title type='text'>O ‘distritão’ seria um perigoso retrocesso</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:trackmoves/&gt;   &lt;w:trackformatting/&gt;   &lt;w:hyphenationzone&gt;21&lt;/w:HyphenationZone&gt;   &lt;w:punctuationkerning/&gt;   &lt;w:validateagainstschemas/&gt;   &lt;w:saveifxmlinvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:ignoremixedcontent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:alwaysshowplaceholdertext&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:donotpromoteqf/&gt;   &lt;w:lidthemeother&gt;PT-BR&lt;/w:LidThemeOther&gt;   &lt;w:lidthemeasian&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeAsian&gt;   &lt;w:lidthemecomplexscript&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;   &lt;w:compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:breakwrappedtables/&gt;    &lt;w:snaptogridincell/&gt;    &lt;w:wraptextwithpunct/&gt;    &lt;w:useasianbreakrules/&gt;    &lt;w:dontgrowautofit/&gt;    &lt;w:splitpgbreakandparamark/&gt;    &lt;w:enableopentypekerning/&gt;    &lt;w:dontflipmirrorindents/&gt;    &lt;w:overridetablestylehps/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;m:mathpr&gt;    &lt;m:mathfont val=&quot;Cambria Math&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:brkbin val=&quot;before&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:brkbinsub val=&quot;&amp;#45;-&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:smallfrac val=&quot;off&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:dispdef/&gt;    &lt;m:lmargin val=&quot;0&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:rmargin val=&quot;0&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:defjc val=&quot;centerGroup&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:wrapindent val=&quot;1440&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:intlim val=&quot;subSup&quot;&gt;    &lt;m:narylim val=&quot;undOvr&quot;&gt;   &lt;/m:mathPr&gt;&lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:latentstyles deflockedstate=&quot;false&quot; defunhidewhenused=&quot;true&quot; defsemihidden=&quot;true&quot; defqformat=&quot;false&quot; defpriority=&quot;99&quot; latentstylecount=&quot;267&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;0&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Normal&quot;&gt; 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priority=&quot;37&quot; name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;39&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable  {mso-style-name:&quot;Tabela normal&quot;;  mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;  mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;  mso-style-noshow:yes;  mso-style-priority:99;  mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;;  mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;  mso-para-margin-top:0cm;  mso-para-margin-right:0cm;  mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;  mso-para-margin-left:0cm;  line-height:115%;  mso-pagination:widow-orphan;  font-size:11.0pt;  font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;  mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;  mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;  mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;  mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;  mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;  mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;  mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;font-size:100%;&quot; &gt;Recomendo a leitura da reportagem publicada pelo ‘O Globo’ de ontem (22/03/2011) na página 12, sobre o seminário realizado pela Câmara de Deputados a respeito dos desafios do Legislativo, no qual dois renomados cientistas políticos brasileiros criticaram severamente o ‘distritão’ como sistema eleitoral para eleições a um legislativo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Lembrando: ‘distritão’ é o sistema eleitoral majoritário, sugerido pelo PMDB para a escolha de nossos legisladores - deputados federais e estaduais, assim como vereadores - como parte da reforma política atualmente em discussão no Senado. Ele simplesmente elege os mais votados nas eleições, sem qualquer consideração à composição partidária dos votos dados pelo eleitorado. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A opção por esse sistema não nos colocaria em boa companhia, pois, segundo o Prof. Jairo Nicolau, da UERJ, só é usado por Afganistão, Jordânia, Vanuatu e Ilhas Pitcairn e, entre 167 cientistas políticos do mundo inteiro, foi considerado o pior sistema eleitoral para um legislativo. Segundo o Prof. Renato Lessa, da UFF, beneficia o PMDB, mas é um desserviço à democracia. Ambos temem, porém, o apelo fácil da proposta, fácil de explicar e compreender.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O ‘distritão’ certamente criaria mais problemas que soluções. Não resolve o problema do elevado custo das eleições para a Câmara de Deputados, pois manteria os estados como grandes distritos eleitorais. Enfraquece os partidos, ao contrário do que se deseja. Induz à escolha de candidatos ricos ou sustentados por grupos de interesses, que tragam muitos recursos à campanha eleitoral. Ou, então, de personalidades facilmente reconhecidas pelos eleitores, sem qualquer exigência de qualificação ou experiência política prévia. Favorece as regiões mais populosas e cria o risco de que outras, com menos eleitores, deixem de ser representadas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;É bom ficar atento a essa discussão.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/feeds/687441625793776783/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/26881320/687441625793776783' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/687441625793776783'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/687441625793776783'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/2011/03/o-distritao-seria-um-perigoso.html' title='O ‘distritão’ seria um perigoso retrocesso'/><author><name>Fabiano Pegurier</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02785082289766799032</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26881320.post-8429391222610084318</id><published>2011-03-11T19:47:00.001-03:00</published><updated>2011-03-11T19:57:45.509-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Leituras de Carnaval</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt; 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priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;64&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&quot;&gt; 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priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;60&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;&gt; 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name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;60&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; 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priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;&gt; 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priority=&quot;33&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Book Title&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;37&quot; name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;39&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt; /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:&quot;Tabela normal&quot;; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0cm; mso-para-margin-right:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0cm; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}&lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;Fazendo uma pausa na nossa discussão sobre as correções desejáveis no sistema político-eleitoral brasileiro, recomendo a leitura da revista ‘Veja’ de 09/03/2011, que traz duas interessantes matérias. Uma é a entrevista do Prof. Walter Williams, da George Mason University (um dos centros de pensamento liberal nos EUA), que aborda o problema da pobreza e sua conexão com a discriminação racial e enfatiza os danos que políticas compensatórias mal concebidas têm causado naquele país. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;Para quem não sabe, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Mason&quot;&gt;George Mason&lt;/a&gt; foi um líder político do estado norte-americano da Virgínia no fim do século XVIII e membro importante da Assembleia Constituinte dos EUA. Quem quiser conhecer o fascinante processo deliberativo que gerou a primeira constituição democrática dos tempos modernos deve ler &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.amazon.com/Genius-People-Charles-L-Mee/dp/006015702X&quot;&gt;‘The Genius of the People’&lt;/a&gt;, de Charles L. Mee (preço: US$17,90 mais a remessa, na Amazon).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;A outra matéria interessante desse número da ‘Veja’ é ‘Mamãe, eu quero mamar’, que retrata o troca-troca de partidos pelos políticos brasileiros, a falta de consistência ideológica dos nossos paridos e as propostas em discussão para mudança do sistema eleitoral. Ela não traz grandes novidades para quem está participando do nosso blog, mas fornece algumas informações complementares muito úteis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;Por último, recomendo ler na página ‘Economic focus’ da ‘The Economist’ de 05/03/2011, o artigo &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.economist.com/node/18276872&quot;&gt;Stagnation or inequality&lt;/a&gt; sobre o livro ‘The Great Stagnation’, do Prof. Tyler Cowen, também da George Mason University, segundo a revista ‘o livro de Economia mais falado até agora neste ano’. Cowen explica a estagnação dos salários norte-americanos desde a década de 1970 com base no esgotamento das oportunidades para crescimento rápido da produtividade nos EUA. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt; O artigo compara essa explicação com outras, baseadas, não na taxa de crescimento total, mas  na crescente desigualdade na distribuição dos incrementos de renda obtidos. ‘The Economist’ termina por discordar em parte da tese do Prof. Cowen, mas não a descarta como um todo, pois reconhece que esta é uma questão importante ainda em aberto e nenhuma das explicações disponíveis pode ser considerada completamente satisfatória.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot; line-height: 115%;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; &gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/feeds/8429391222610084318/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/26881320/8429391222610084318' title='1 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/8429391222610084318'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/8429391222610084318'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/2011/03/leituras-de-carnaval.html' title='Leituras de Carnaval'/><author><name>Fabiano Pegurier</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02785082289766799032</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26881320.post-8634222969610419653</id><published>2011-03-05T20:31:00.002-03:00</published><updated>2011-03-11T19:59:45.965-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Quantos partidos? 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name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;64&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; 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priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;19&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;21&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Intense Emphasis&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;31&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;32&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;33&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Book Title&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;37&quot; name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;39&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable  {mso-style-name:&quot;Tabela normal&quot;;  mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;  mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;  mso-style-noshow:yes;  mso-style-priority:99;  mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;;  mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;  mso-para-margin-top:0cm;  mso-para-margin-right:0cm;  mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt;  mso-para-margin-left:0cm;  line-height:115%;  mso-pagination:widow-orphan;  font-size:11.0pt;  font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;  mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;  mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;  mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;  mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;  mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;  mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;  mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;  style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; font-family: arial;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot; ;font-size:12pt;color:black;&quot;  &gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;No último post, o destaque foi a permissividade que existe no Brasil em relação à mudança de partido por deputados imediatamente após sua eleição. Afinal, em um sistema eleitoral baseado em representação proporcional, com os votos contados por partido, candidato eleito que muda de partido deveria perder o mandato. Outra inconsistência importante é a facilidade com que se pode formar um partido e montar coligações pré-eleitorais.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nas democracias bem sucedidas modernas, os partidos servem a vários fins. Sinalizam para os eleitores a identificação dos seus membros e candidatos com ideais políticos importantes para parcelas significativas do eleitorado. Representam minorias preocupadas em defender seus direitos frente a uma sociedade heterogênea. Arregimentam os seus membros, e depois selecionam e treinam os que queiram se dedicar à política como profissão. Apoiam os que se candidatam a cargos eletivos. Coordenam as suas atividades parlamentares. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mas a experiência das grandes democracias modernas que adotam o sistema de representação proporcional mostra que os parlamentos não precisam de mais que meia dúzia de partidos para funcionar bem, com adequada representação de todas as correntes de opinião relevantes em escala nacional. Vários dispositivos legais e constitucionais são usados por esses países para limitar o número de partidos participantes do parlamento nacional. &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;No Brasil, uma forma que me parece interessante para se atingir esse objetivo seria exigir que, a fim de participar de eleições para o Congresso Nacional e para a Presidência da República, os partidos tenham que estar organizados em todos os estados da federação. Complementarmente, seria também importante impedir a formação de coligações pré-eleitorais - que levam à eleição de candidatos de um partido por votos em candidatos de outros partidos de uma mesma coligação - ou, no mínimo, impedir que os partidos montem diferentes coligações em diferentes estados. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;  style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; font-family: arial;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot; ;font-size:12pt;color:black;&quot;  &gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/feeds/8634222969610419653/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/26881320/8634222969610419653' title='2 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/8634222969610419653'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/8634222969610419653'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/2011/03/quantos-partidos-por-que-permitir.html' title='Quantos partidos? Por que permitir coligações?'/><author><name>Fabiano Pegurier</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02785082289766799032</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26881320.post-1594870073497403688</id><published>2011-03-01T18:24:00.001-03:00</published><updated>2011-03-11T20:00:53.220-03:00</updated><title type='text'>CRITICAR SEM ANTES CORRIGIR NÃO É JUSTO</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot; ;font-size:12pt;color:black;&quot;  &gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Uma virtude inegável do sistema de votação proporcional é que ele assegura a presença no legislativo nacional de todas as diversas correntes de posicionamento político da população, na mesma proporção do que foi manifestado pelo eleitorado. Várias pesquisas têm mostrado que o eleitorado mantém bastante fidelidade partidária em eleições sucessivas, o que confirma que os partidos vêm cumprindo razoavelmente bem sua missão de sinalizar correntes ideológicas para os eleitores escolherem seus candidatos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;E a lista aberta, que seleciona os candidatos eleitos por cada partido segundo o número de votos obtidos, força os candidatos a buscarem não só identificar como satisfazer os anseios dos eleitores. Isto significa que o sistema eleitoral se mantém alerta a mudanças nas preocupações populares, alterando a composição do legislativo conforme mudam essas preocupações. É elogiável o notável dinamismo deste sistema, quando comparado ao mesmo sistema com lista fechada e ainda mais com o sistema de voto distrital uninominal, que tendem a proteger os dirigentes partidários e os deputados já eleitos, o que faz o legislativo mudar mais lentamente que o eleitorado.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;O sistema apresenta, porém, inconsistências a meu ver inaceitáveis, que precisam ser corrigidas antes que se possa criticá-lo com a necessária seriedade. Uma que salta aos olhos é a permissividade em relação à mudança de partido por deputados imediatamente após a sua eleição, em geral atraídos pelos benefícios oferecidos para que se juntem à coalizão partidária formada para apoiar o governo. Isso não faz sentido, pois cerca de dois terços dos deputados não ultrapassam o quociente eleitoral e são eleitos por votos em estrelas do seu partido ou em candidatos do mesmo partido que não lograram se eleger. Consequentemente, candidato que muda de partido neste sistema deveria perder o mandato.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Outras inconsistências serão abordadas no próximo post.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot; ;font-size:12pt;color:black;&quot;  &gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-family:Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  style=&quot;font-family:&#39;Times New Roman&#39;, serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/feeds/1594870073497403688/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/26881320/1594870073497403688' title='6 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/1594870073497403688'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/1594870073497403688'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/2011/03/criticar-sem-antes-corrigir-nao-e-justo.html' title='CRITICAR SEM ANTES CORRIGIR NÃO É JUSTO'/><author><name>Fabiano Pegurier</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02785082289766799032</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>6</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26881320.post-3873516625410867604</id><published>2011-02-24T06:40:00.000-03:00</published><updated>2011-02-24T06:40:32.031-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Começo tortíssimo de reforma política</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:WordDocument&gt;   &lt;w:View&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:Zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:TrackMoves/&gt;   &lt;w:TrackFormatting/&gt;   &lt;w:HyphenationZone&gt;21&lt;/w:HyphenationZone&gt;   &lt;w:PunctuationKerning/&gt;   &lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/&gt;   &lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;   &lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;   &lt;w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;   &lt;w:DoNotPromoteQF/&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeOther&gt;PT-BR&lt;/w:LidThemeOther&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeAsian&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeAsian&gt;   &lt;w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;   &lt;w:Compatibility&gt;    &lt;w:BreakWrappedTables/&gt;    &lt;w:SnapToGridInCell/&gt;    &lt;w:WrapTextWithPunct/&gt;    &lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules/&gt;    &lt;w:DontGrowAutofit/&gt;    &lt;w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/&gt;    &lt;w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/&gt;    &lt;w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/&gt;    &lt;w:OverrideTableStyleHps/&gt;   &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;   &lt;m:mathPr&gt;    &lt;m:mathFont m:val=&quot;Cambria Math&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:brkBin m:val=&quot;before&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:brkBinSub m:val=&quot;&amp;#45;-&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:smallFrac m:val=&quot;off&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:dispDef/&gt;    &lt;m:lMargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:rMargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:defJc m:val=&quot;centerGroup&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:wrapIndent m:val=&quot;1440&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:intLim m:val=&quot;subSup&quot;/&gt;    &lt;m:naryLim m:val=&quot;undOvr&quot;/&gt;   &lt;/m:mathPr&gt;&lt;/w:WordDocument&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState=&quot;false&quot; DefUnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Estamos presos em uma terrível armadilha institucional: sem a aprovação de nossos atuais deputados federais, não podemos fazer nenhuma reforma política que fira os seus interesses. E não há solução à vista para esse problema.  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O jornal ‘O Globo’ de 23/FEV/2011 vem confirmar esse julgamento. Em sua coluna ‘Panorama Político’, sob o título de ’Começo Torto’, comenta que o Senado teria cometido um erro ao criar a Comissão da Reforma Política, uma vez que a Câmara tende a ignorar o que for ali aprovado porque “ 81 senadores não podem decidir o futuro de 513 deputados”. Isto me parece exatamente o oposto do que deveria valer: nem os 81 senadores, nem os 513 deputados, deveriam deter o poder de decidir o seu futuro. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Afinal, um princípio a ser obedecido na elaboração de qualquer regra é que não deve ser estabelecida por quem será obrigado a obedecê-la. Isto diz respeito, em especial, a regras constitucionais, em boa parte destinadas a reger o comportamento dos políticos por muitas gerações. Pode-se argumentar que a principal fonte dos erros e distorções da Constituição de 1988 é o fato de ter sido elaborada pelo Congresso trabalhando em meio expediente como Assembleia Constituinte. Daí a necessidade de tanta reforma dessa  Constituição. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O pior é que qualquer reforma é complicada pelo dispositivo que prevê, como única forma de emendar a Constituição, a aprovação de emendas por 2/3 do Congresso especialmente reunido para esse fim. Qualquer alternativa será considerada inconstitucional. Assim, somente um movimento muito forte da opinião pública – a exemplo do que foi feito na Lei da Ficha Limpa – poderá constranger os nossos parlamentares a aprovarem reformas que não sejam do seu interesse. Convenhamos que é um péssimo começo para uma reforma política.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/feeds/3873516625410867604/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/26881320/3873516625410867604' title='6 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/3873516625410867604'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/3873516625410867604'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/2011/02/comeco-tortissimo-de-reforma-politica.html' title='Começo tortíssimo de reforma política'/><author><name>Fabiano Pegurier</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02785082289766799032</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>6</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26881320.post-7151910607123833216</id><published>2011-02-21T00:52:00.003-03:00</published><updated>2011-02-21T01:06:07.722-03:00</updated><title type='text'>Mecânica do sistema de votação proporcional</title><content type='html'>&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt; 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priority=&quot;33&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Book Title&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;37&quot; name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;39&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt; /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:&quot;Tabela normal&quot;; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language:PT-BR;}&lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;É um dos dois sistemas paradigmáticos de eleição para o Legislativo. O outro é o voto distrital majoritário. Cada um deles tem muitas variações, escolhidas por diferentes países. A quem quiser se informar mais sobre este assunto recomendo ler &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot; href=&quot;http://www.livrariasaraiva.com.br/produto/161614/sistemas-eleitorais-5-ed-2004/?ID=C91DE6757DB0215002B021076&amp;amp;PAC_ID=33957&quot;&gt;‘Sistemas Eleitorais’, de Jairo M. Nicolau&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;, editado pela FGV Editora. É um texto conciso, porém muito informativo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;No sistema de votação proporcional, como adotado no Brasil, o eleitor vota no nome de um candidato ou, se nenhum deles o entusiasma, na sigla de um partido. Ao serem contados, os votos nominais dos candidatos de cada partido são somados aos votos na sigla desse partido. O total é dividido pelo quociente eleitoral - que é o número de votos válidos dividido pelo número de cadeiras a serem preenchidas no Legislativo - e o resultado é o número de deputados eleitos por esse partido. As sobras de votos são distribuídas pelos partidos segundo a &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot; href=&quot;http://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9todo_D%27Hondt&quot;&gt;fórmula D’Hondt&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;, uma das três usadas em todo o mundo para esse fim.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O passo seguinte é determinar que candidatos entrar no Legislativo como representantes dos seus partidos. Isto se faz de duas maneiras principais: por lista aberta ou fechada. Na lista aberta, os candidatos do partido aparecem em ordem decrescente de votação. Na lista fechada, aparecem na ordem que for determinada por algum processo de decisão interna do partido. Se um partido apresenta 50 candidatos, mas atingiu um total de votos que lhe permite eleger apenas 6 candidatos, com lista aberta estes serão os 6 mais votados. Com lista fechada, serão os 6 preferidos pelo partido. Em suma, com lista aberta, é o eleitorado que determina quem será eleito. Com lista fechada, isto é prerrogativa do partido.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Que virtudes e problemas apresenta esse sistema? Isto veremos no próximo post.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;  style=&quot;text-align: justify;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:small;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/feeds/7151910607123833216/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/26881320/7151910607123833216' title='6 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/7151910607123833216'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/7151910607123833216'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/2011/02/mecanica-do-sistema-de-votos.html' title='Mecânica do sistema de votação proporcional'/><author><name>Fabiano Pegurier</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02785082289766799032</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>6</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26881320.post-856448005158747087</id><published>2011-02-17T05:40:00.000-02:00</published><updated>2011-02-17T05:40:47.729-02:00</updated><title type='text'>Reforma política brasileira: o que nos diria Aristóteles?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Por que reformar o sistema político brasileiro? Esta pergunta é perfeitamente cabível porque o sistema político brasileiro está funcionando bastante bem, sob vários aspectos importantes. De fato, nenhum direito individual encontra-se ameaçado e nenhuma lei é aprovada em desafio à vontade do povo, assim como a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt; governabilidade vem sendo assegurada por coalizões majoritárias que apoiam, com a devida&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt; dose de crítica, as iniciativas do presidente e dos governadores. Além disso, os mandatos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt; executivos são limitados e o correto exercício do poder é vigiado, não só pelos legislativos, mas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt; também por outras instituições, como os tribunais de contas, o ministério público, o conselho &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;de justiça e – ‘last but not least’ – a polícia federal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Dois aspectos do sistema parecem, porém, incomodar profundamente os eleitores brasileiros.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Um é o processo eleitoral por votação proporcional com lista livre, que permite a eleição&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;de candidatos menos votados e dentre eles alguns claramente preteridos pelos eleitores -&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;problema que se agrava com a permissão a coalizões partidárias. Outro é a ausência de regras&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt; restritivas aos benefícios que os legisladores podem votar em seu favor. Um terceiro aspecto&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt; poderia ser incluído em nossas preocupações, embora não tenha (ainda) excitado a ira dos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt; eleitores: a total ausência de regras constitucionais ao excesso de taxação e gastos do governo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt; federal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Os partidos políticos, entretanto, não querem saber de limitações aos seus benefícios e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;parecem divididos a respeito da reforma do sistema eleitoral. O PT, ao propor a manutenção&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;do atual sistema, porém com lista fechada, deixa claro que seu objetivo é manter férreo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt; controle sobre a escolha dos candidatos do partido. Os partidos menores hoje aliados ao PT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;não querem saber de grandes mudanças, insistindo em manter toda a flexibilidade atual para a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;montagem de coalizões eleitorais e mudanças de partido pelos candidatos eleitos. A oposição&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;fala em mudar o sistema para distrital majoritário, semelhante ao dos EUA. Enquanto isso, o&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;PMDB propõe transformar os estados em grandes distritos eleitorais majoritários, elegendo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;os candidatos mais votados, independentemente dos partidos. Nestas circunstâncias, é difícil&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;acreditar em qualquer reforma no curto prazo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Uma consideração importante me parece pairar acima desses problemas, quando avaliamos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;o nosso sistema político: a necessidade de se melhorar a qualidade de nossa representação&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;política. A lei da ficha limpa é um primeiro e mínimo passo - essencial, mas não suficiente -&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;nessa direção. Outros passos precisam ser considerados.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Aristóteles já dizia que um sistema político ideal deve conter uma dose de monarquia, outra de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;aristocracia e uma terceira de democracia. Monarquia para ele equivalia à necessária dose de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;poder executivo para que o governo possa cumprir corretamente suas funções. Aristocracia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;significava a dose de poder que é desejável reservar aos elementos da sociedade distinguidos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt; por suas qualidades e realizações. A dose de democracia assegurava a devida consideração aos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt; interesses do povo em geral. Parafraseando-o, a mim parece que nos falta a desejável dose de mérito.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Continuamos. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot; /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/feeds/856448005158747087/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/26881320/856448005158747087' title='3 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/856448005158747087'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/856448005158747087'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/2011/02/reforma-politica-brasileira-o-que-nos.html' title='Reforma política brasileira: o que nos diria Aristóteles?'/><author><name>Fabiano Pegurier</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02785082289766799032</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26881320.post-8210574801383815663</id><published>2011-02-16T00:02:00.002-02:00</published><updated>2011-02-16T00:06:15.865-02:00</updated><title type='text'>Testando a pena virtual</title><content type='html'>&lt;p style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: medium; &quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; text-align: justify; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  &gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;I&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;nicia-se um novo semestre letivo no IBMEC e me arrisco em um projeto novo, usar este blog para anotar ideias, comentários e opiniões sobre os assuntos que leciono: História Econômica, Ciência Política e a mãe de todas as ciências sociais, a nem sempre bem quista, mas sempre útil, Economia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  &gt;&lt;br /&gt;A  ideia é manter todos os posts relativamente breves; se for longo fica para o próximo. Minha ambição é debater assuntos palpitantes dentro dessas áreas com meus alunos, ex-alunos, colegas e amigos, e envolver também alunos de outros cursos do IBMEC, como Administração, Direito e Relações Internacionais.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  &gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nada de tecnicismos, mas sempre sob o enfoque do que os clássicos chamavam de Economia Política. Por que essa mistura? Porque há muitas evidências de que o comportamento das pessoas só muda através de novas leis, regras e instituições e estas, por sua vez, só mudam quando evolui a compreensão e o código de valores da sociedade toda. O processo é demorado e, por isso mesmo, é importante começá-lo o quanto antes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  &gt;&lt;br /&gt;Um assunto que merece discussão é o da reforma política que está em pauta no Congresso Nacional e infunde esperanças de que venha a provocar rápida melhoria no nosso sistema político. Tenho dúvidas e apenas moderadas esperanças em relação às reformas hoje em consideração. Pretendo voltar a esse assunto amanhã.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot;  &gt;&lt;br /&gt;Conto com as contribuições de vocês nos comentários. Espero que esse blog seja uma maneira de manter um papo interessante que se estenda além da sala de aula.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Times New Roman&#39;; font-size: medium; &quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18px; &quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/feeds/8210574801383815663/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/26881320/8210574801383815663' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/8210574801383815663'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/8210574801383815663'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/2011/02/testando-pena-virtual.html' title='Testando a pena virtual'/><author><name>Fabiano Pegurier</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/02785082289766799032</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26881320.post-9145180571614830911</id><published>2010-01-26T10:09:00.008-02:00</published><updated>2010-01-26T10:53:46.669-02:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Impostos"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Política"/><title type='text'>Quem vai ficar com os prejuízos?</title><content type='html'>Não há limites para a sandice dos projetos de lei. Segundo o jornal O Globo, &lt;a href=&quot;http://oglobo.globo.com/economia/mat/2010/01/26/projeto-do-governo-determina-distribuicao-de-5-do-lucro-das-empresas-funcionarios-915706892.asp&quot;&gt;um projeto de lei do Ministério da Justiça&lt;/a&gt; (sic) determina a distribuição de 5% dos lucros das empresas aos funcionários, sendo 2% de forma igualitária e os outros 3% definidos por uma comissão (essa também igualitária, é claro, mas no que se refere à distribuição das cadeiras entre representantes dos patrões e funcionários).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Eu tenho uma proposta de emenda ao projeto de lei:  já que o lucro ainda é considerado pecado pelo Ministério da Justiça e portanto deve ser expiado por todos, porque não fazer do prejuízo também um pecado?  Ou o projeto esqueceu que este também acontece no sistema capitalista?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ainda não estou certo de qual seria o percentual neste caso, talvez o ministério pudesse me ajudar dizendo como chegou aos 5% do projeto original.&lt;br /&gt;.</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/feeds/9145180571614830911/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/26881320/9145180571614830911' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/9145180571614830911'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/9145180571614830911'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/2010/01/quem-vai-ficar-com-os-prejuizos.html' title='Quem vai ficar com os prejuízos?'/><author><name>Rodrigo Ayres Padilha</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16902853417456572814</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26881320.post-5735738678390629994</id><published>2010-01-22T15:34:00.005-02:00</published><updated>2010-01-22T15:44:56.220-02:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Saúde"/><title type='text'>Morrer não será barato!</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Uma realidade agradável do progresso econômico é o quanto as coisas se tornam mais baratas ao longo do tempo. A maioria das pessoas só percebe o fenômeno com os eletrodomésticos, afinal os preços caem na vitrine para quem quiser ver. Já outros bens têm diminuições mais sutis no seu valor real, pois crescem menos rápido que nossos salários. Nada disso é capaz de reverter o sentimento de que o dinheiro vai ficando curto ao passar do tempo quando vemos as contas dos tratamentos de saúde.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A explicação econômica para o fenômeno é, no entanto, &lt;a href=&quot;http://prescriptions.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/01/17/an-economist-who-sees-no-way-to-slow-rising-costs/&quot;&gt;bastante simples&lt;/a&gt;. Não é exatamente porque a qualidade dos equipamentos melhorou, afinal, as televisões também melhoram e ainda assim continuam a cair de preço com o tempo (embora dependendo do ritmo de avanço tecnológico dos equipamentos, os preços se mantenham altos em alguns casos). O maior problema é que ainda não encontramos um meio efetivo de diminuir a quantidade de médicos e enfermeiros por paciente tratado! E os salários deles “infelizmente” continua a subir. O por quê? Pelo mesmo motivo que o nosso sobe, o progresso tecnológico que nos torna mais produtivos; acredite ou não, o salário do seu médico depende da produtividade do resto da economia, não do que está acontecendo dentro do consultório. Um exemplo mais simples é o salário do barbeiro, o progresso tecnológico dos cortes de cabelo (ao menos masculinos!) é nulo nos últimos 100 anos, logo ele não teria razão para aumentar os preços correto? Errado, infelizmente ainda é preciso um barbeiro por cliente e ele não quer ganhar a mesma ninharia que ganhava há 20 anos!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Já nos caso das televisões, carros, etc, nós inventamos maneiras de produzir cada vez mais e melhores bens, empregando menos pessoas, logo o preço destes bens continuará a cair.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Nesta altura você já deve estar pensando na mensalidade escolar; adivinhe de quem a gente ainda precisa na sala de aula?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Assim, daqui a muito tempo, quando eu estiver pra deixar esta vida, provavelmente não me darei conta de quanto ficou barato comprar um carro, mas morrer em paz e bem educado, tem tudo pra continuar a custar caro.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Obs: A possível influência do aumento da nossa demanda por mais cuidados médicos, sobre o preço dos mesmos, eu deixo pra outro &lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;post&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dica: &lt;a href=&quot;http://gregmankiw.blogspot.com/&quot;&gt;Mankiw&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/feeds/5735738678390629994/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/26881320/5735738678390629994' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/5735738678390629994'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/5735738678390629994'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/2010/01/morrer-nao-sera-barato.html' title='Morrer não será barato!'/><author><name>Rodrigo Ayres Padilha</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16902853417456572814</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26881320.post-786645650132041771</id><published>2009-12-21T12:09:00.003-02:00</published><updated>2009-12-21T12:24:55.513-02:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Incentivos"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Religião"/><title type='text'>Incentivos terroristas</title><content type='html'>&lt;meta name=&quot;ProgId&quot; 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unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Quote&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;30&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Intense Quote&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;60&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List Accent 2&quot;&gt; 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name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; 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priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 3&quot;&gt; 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name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;64&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; 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priority=&quot;60&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;64&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot;&gt; 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name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;60&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; 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priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;19&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot;&gt; 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	mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; 	mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; 	mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; 	mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; 	mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; 	mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; 	mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; 	mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; 	mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} .MsoPapDefault 	{mso-style-type:export-only; 	margin-bottom:10.0pt; 	line-height:115%;} @page Section1 	{size:612.0pt 792.0pt; 	margin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm; 	mso-header-margin:36.0pt; 	mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:&quot;Tabela normal&quot;; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-priority:99; 	mso-style-qformat:yes; 	mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;; 	mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin-top:0cm; 	mso-para-margin-right:0cm; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; 	mso-para-margin-left:0cm; 	line-height:115%; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:11.0pt; 	font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; 	mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; 	mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; 	mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; 	mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; 	mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; 	mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;font-family:arial;&quot;  class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;O sacrifício que eles pedem é muito grande.&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;As mil virgens do paraíso não são, digamos assim, uma promessa muito concreta. E ainda assim o Hezbollah consegue manter um exército de soldados motivados, na difícil missão de lutar contra um inimigo muito mais poderoso. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;font-family:arial;&quot;  class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;As regras rígidas do extremismo muçulmano têm exceções que fazem a gente entender como aqueles indivíduos prosseguem na sua guerra insana. &lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ultimosegundo.ig.com.br/opiniao/nahum/2009/12/16/a+solucao+do+problema+sexual+da+guerrilha+9238908.html&quot;&gt;Eis que descobrimos a “mutaa”&lt;/a&gt;, um acordo entre homens e mulheres que corresponde a um casamento “temporário”; tudo dentro da lei religiosa. Combina-se o tempo e o dote e no mais é como se fosse um casamento convencional. É claro que a coisa não é tão simples assim paras mulheres, como de resto no Islã: elas só podem se casar com muçulmanos, eles, com mulheres de qualquer religião (desconfio que com judias a coisa seja um pouco mais complicada!)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;&quot; &gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:arial;font-size:130%;&quot;  &gt;A história original você encontra &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2009/11/25/the_militarization_of_sex&quot;&gt;aqui&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  </content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/feeds/786645650132041771/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/26881320/786645650132041771' title='2 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/786645650132041771'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/786645650132041771'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/2009/12/incentivos-terroristas.html' title='Incentivos terroristas'/><author><name>Rodrigo Ayres Padilha</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16902853417456572814</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26881320.post-4568174526851253674</id><published>2009-12-13T18:21:00.007-02:00</published><updated>2009-12-13T20:01:15.434-02:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Economistas"/><title type='text'>Enfant Terrible</title><content type='html'>Morreu hoje &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Samuelson&quot;&gt;Paul A. Samuelson&lt;/a&gt;. Quem não é economista provavelmente nunca ouviu falar dele, talvez os novos economistas também não, dado que o seu livro de introdução à economia não é mais o número um há vários anos. É bem possível que eles tenham ouvido falar do Paul Krugman, ganhador do Nobel no ano passado (Samuelson foi o primeiro americano agraciado com o prêmio, em 1970), mas basta abrir o livro de economia internacional do Krugman e lá está Samuelson, em quase todas as notas de rodapé dos primeiros capítulos, responsável pelos teoremas mais importantes, tanto que Krugman não se contém e brinca: &quot;Ele, de novo!&quot;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;E assim repete-se a história em muitas outras áreas da economia, o último generalista da disciplina! Aos 22 anos já escrevia artigos científicos que até os dias de hoje são referências (como o seminal sobre a teoria da preferência revelada), recebendo então o apelido de&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic;&quot;&gt; Enfant Terrible&lt;/span&gt;, pela precocidade com que deixava a sua marca na profissão.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Não seria muito exagero dizer que Samuelson foi uma revolução na economia, traduzindo boa parte da teoria econômica para a forma matemática e dando o tom dos avanços da disciplina a partir daí. Está certo que já faz alguns anos que tal procedimento é criticado pelo excesso, mas senão pelo fato de que inverteram a função samuelsoniana, onde a teoria econômica precedia a sua forma matemática. &lt;a href=&quot;http://cowles.econ.yale.edu/P/cp/p00b/p0061.pdf&quot;&gt;A matemática é uma linguagem insistia Samuelson&lt;/a&gt;, com a vantagem de que é mais fácil através dela descobrir que hipóteses levam a quais conclusões: &quot;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;we are forced to lay or cards on the table, so that all can see our premises&quot;&lt;/span&gt;(pág. 9). Ah, se os discursos políticos fossem assim!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Talvez isto já não seja verdade hoje,  com pesquisadores descobrindo onde podem aplicar seus novos teoremas matemáticos na economia. Boa parte da economia se tornou o que chamou Friedman de &lt;a href=&quot;http://nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/economics/laureates/1992/becker-autobio.html&quot;&gt;um jogo entre acadêmicos inteligentes com pouca ou nenhuma precupação de como tal jogo se encaixa no mundo aqui fora&lt;/a&gt; (sexto parágrafo, quinta linha).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A despeito dos abusos, a economia avançou após Samuelson e o encantamento com a matemática que ele ajudou a criar há de reconhecer as suas limitações, ou melhor,  seu uso indiscriminado.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Na nona edição do seu livro introdutório de economia que tenho aqui, lê-se ao final:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;&quot;My envy goes to the reader, setting out to explore the exciting world of economics for the first time. That is a thrill which, alas, no one can experience twice. To you who are about to begin, may I only say, bon appetit!&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Adeus ao professor, nosso eterno &lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Enfant Terrible&lt;/span&gt;!</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/feeds/4568174526851253674/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/26881320/4568174526851253674' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/4568174526851253674'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/4568174526851253674'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/2009/12/enfant-terrible.html' title='Enfant Terrible'/><author><name>Rodrigo Ayres Padilha</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16902853417456572814</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-26881320.post-8079880618803839844</id><published>2009-11-05T16:38:00.006-02:00</published><updated>2009-11-05T18:05:40.131-02:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Crise Financeira"/><title type='text'>Por favor, devolva o prêmio Nobel...</title><content type='html'>Em 2002, logo após ser agraciado pelo Nobel de economia, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Stiglitz&quot;&gt;Joseph Stiglitz &lt;/a&gt;escreveu &lt;a href=&quot;http://hotair.cachefly.net/images/2009-03/orszag-fanniemae.pdf&quot;&gt;um artigo&lt;/a&gt; com &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_R._Orszag&quot;&gt;Peter Orzag&lt;/a&gt; (hoje o diretor responsável pelas propostas da Casa Branca para o orçamento americano)  sobre os possíveis custos de socorro às duas maiores empresas ligadas ao setor imobiliário americano, &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fannie_Mae&quot;&gt;Fannie Mae&lt;/a&gt; e &lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freddie_Mac&quot;&gt;Freddie Mac&lt;/a&gt;. Isto é, são duas firmas que se especializaram em comprar hipotecas de vários bancos ao redor dos EUA e transformá-las em ativos financeiros, repassando-os a outros bancos. A idéia é boa pois reduz o risco de falência de bancos imobiliários com mercado locais, mas o problema é que a qualidade das hipotecas envolvidas nesta operação só veio diminuindo com a aceitação das famosas &lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;sub-prime&lt;/span&gt;, isto é, de alto risco.  Ambas as empresas continham uma série de garantias do governo americano, sendo chamadas de GSE (government sponsored enterprises, ou empresas &quot;patrocinadas&quot; pelo governo) que na prática diminuiam em muito os riscos associados à operação com estas empresas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;A conclusão do artigo é que o risco de quebra destas empresas era de cerca de 1 chance em 500.000 na pior das hipóteses, podendo chegar a 1 em 3 milhões! Logo, o custo esperado do resgate das empresas pelo governo americano (na simulação deles, prover uma garantia de 1 &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;trilhão&lt;/span&gt; de dólares)  seria da ordem de &quot;apenas&quot; 2 milhões de dólares (ou seja, o 1 trilhão vezes a probabilidade de quebra 1/500.000).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Seis anos depois, em julho de 2008, as duas empresas tiveram que ser estatizadas pelo governo americano, que &lt;a href=&quot;http://stimulus.org/?filter0=80&amp;amp;filter1=&amp;amp;filter2=&amp;amp;filter3=&quot;&gt;até o presente momento, gastou cerca de 287 bilhões de dólares &lt;/a&gt;com as duas empresas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;O artigo foi escrito para uma série chamada &lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Fannie Mae Papers&lt;/span&gt; e curiosamente foi retirado da página deles.  Talvez o Stiglitz devesse devolver o prêmio Nobel, para ajudar a pagar a conta salgada da roleta financeira que estas empresas impuseram ao povo americano, talvez ajudadas pelo carimbo de confiança nobelista...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Dica: EconTalk (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.econtalk.org/archives/2009/10/calomiris_on_th.html&quot;&gt;entrevista com Charles Calomiris&lt;/a&gt;)</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/feeds/8079880618803839844/comments/default' title='Postar comentários'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/26881320/8079880618803839844' title='0 Comentários'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/8079880618803839844'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/26881320/posts/default/8079880618803839844'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://almocogratis.blogspot.com/2009/11/por-favor-devolva-o-premio-nobel.html' title='Por favor, devolva o prêmio Nobel...'/><author><name>Rodrigo Ayres Padilha</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16902853417456572814</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>