The Crucible is one of those plays written towards the former 50s of the last century that remains part of the academic curriculum at numerous universities & high schools throughout the United States of America. The question that commonly arise with relevance to the play are why did Arthur Miller write The Crucible and why does it remain as iconic play till this very day. The quest for those answers leads one to the reasons Arthur Miller wrote Crucible.

Writing of Miller’s Crucible

As an off spring of immigrants who were not only of Jewish ancestry but also of Polish descent, Arthur Miller started to feel the heat of the moment when the United States administration started a nationwide crackdown on individuals & covens that supported Communism under the direction of Sen. Joseph McCarthy. This particular phase in the history of the United States is referred to as either ‘The Red Scare’ or ‘McCarthyism’; a time when government initiated propaganda against Communism was at its zenith. The United States administration would blacklist and accuse anyone for the crime of supporting communism; with or without evidence.

The same fate befell the then thirty seven years old Arthur Miller who was condemned for disrespect & disapproval of the United States Congress for being unsuccessful in naming numerous individuals who had attended meetings with him. In a bid to not only secure his career as a journalist & play writer and also to alert the American people against the government misinformation & propaganda that were headed their way, Miller started to ink The Crucible. Using the ‘Salem Witch Trials’ of the early 1690s as a precinct, Arthur Miller wrote The Crucible. The characters in the play are faced with the same tragedies & sentences that befell people during the McCarthyism trials; he uses the ‘Salem Witch Trials’ as a metaphor to draw national attention towards the doings and executioners of the McCarthyism propaganda.

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On the 8^th day of January in the annum of 1918, President Wilson addressed his fellow congressmen and communicated the American aims for participation in war. His utmost ambitions were open accords, self determination and international peace & cooperation. It is this speech that became known as the “Fourteen Points” and its author was Walter Lippmann.

Factors Leading to the Writing of Wilson’s Fourteen (14) Points

Regarded as one of the greatest men of character of all times and categorized as one of the most supreme Presidents to have ever led the United States of America, Woodrow Wilson was a man who led from the front when all seemed to be spiraling downwards with regards to world peace. Woodrow Wilson was the man occupying the United States presidency when the First World War broke out and was wrecking havoc across the globe.

After having served as the President of the renowned Princeton University and serving the state of New York in the capacity of a Governor, Woodrow Wilson assumed presidency in the annum of 1913. Almost a year later, the First World War broke out. At first, it was perceived by the Americans as a war between the European nations and President Wilson, for the next 3 yrs, maintained his stance that the United States government would be more than willing to play the role of a mediator but would not be a participant in the war. For almost thirty six moths, he kept warding off the Republican onslaught that the administration should be racking up troop recruitment because he believed this move would provoke the enemy to come for his country.

But his enemies –  specifically the Germans – proved to be adamant about dragging the United States into the war. To achieve this, they started bombarding U.S Naval cargo for no obvious reasons. The American President couldn’t sit back and just watch his countrymen being slaughtered like that and thus he declared the Americans’ entrance into the First World War. SHARE WITH OTHERS

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Asking something such as why did Billy Joel write Allentown is sort of an odd question because neither had Billy Joel planned on using Allentown in the song nor had he intended to write the lyrics for the place. The original place that Billy Joel was writing the lyrics for was Levittown; the place where the veteran musician spent his days growing up. And thus the song was also originally dubbed ‘Levittown’.

Now here is what was happening in Billy Joel’s professional life briefly before he got down to recording Allentown. First off, Billy Joel felt that the lyrics to ‘Levittown’ were both weak & characterless and that the listeners would perceive them to be unexciting. Second off, he was getting geared up to hit the studios to record “The Nylon Curtain”. Before he did that, Billy Joel decided to recluse to the city of Bethlehem in the state of Pennsylvania to brainstorm on his work. He was staying at Hotel Bethlehem when he got inspired to modify the lyrics to ‘Levittown’; and thus, Allentown was conceived as the new song.

The whole theme & sound of the original song changed as Billy Joel captured the feel of the steel factory workers from Allentown who were losing their jobs day in day out. Some say that Joel was looking to call the new song ‘Bethlehem’ after the city he was visiting. However, he decided against that because he felt people would perceive it as a religious song whereas that wasn’t the case. That is how the Allentown beat came to be inscribed and also the retort to why did Billy Joel write Allentown.

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Before getting curious about why did Maya Angelou write Phenomenal Woman, a person really needs to understand why did Maya Angelou write poems. Understanding why did Maya Angelou write poetry holds the key to many other questions such as why did Maya Angelou write Still I Rise. So let’s work on exploring the former first, and then we’ll be able to unearth the latter.

Background History of Phenomenal Women

Maya Angelou had a turbulent and (almost) non-existent domestic life as a child. She had to witness her parent’s falling apart as a three year old. The hostilities between her parents translated in to a divorce after which little Maya had to go live with her paternal grandma. Living with grandma was a smooth ride for the next 4 years till her dad returned out of the blue and the young one had to relocate and settle in with her mom; she had turned eight by this time. This is where Maya’s real nightmare started; all the things she had already lived through would seem like nothing compared to what lay ahead. Mr. Freeman – her mother’s significant other – sexually molested and physically abused the eight yr old Maya. When Maya built the courage to share the incident with her brother, it spread like wild fire among all coven members.

When the legal proceedings and personal enmity against Mr. Freeman resulted in his death, little Maya went completely mute because she laid the blame for his death on her speaking up; she believed her voice was a killer out to get everyone. Continuing to live in this state of being mute, the preteen Maya became acquainted with the world of poets and writers. She found solace in Shakespeare’s words, in Dickens’ inscription and many others. Little Maya had just become aware of the writing ammunition she held within her. However, even though she continued to write, her circumstances continued spiraling downwards after the birth of her lad Clyde. Without choosing between right and wrong, Maya kept going through experiences just to keep providing shelter & seeking survival for her child and herself.

The Final Journey Towards Angelou’s Phenomenal Women

The struggles of her life paid off. Her son inherited the writer’s touch from his mother and became a prominent writer himself. Her broken relationships taught her all she needed to carry a balanced one; this became evident with her blossoming & flourishing marriage to Paul de Fau. The lessons she learnt from her life & experiences encouraged her to read about other women who had struggled & triumphed above life. Her quest would lead her to read about the likes of Jessie Fauset, the veteran Anne Spencer, the legendary Frances Harper and many others. And in order to pay homage to the strength that women possess within themselves, Maya Angelou inscribed “Phenomenal Women”. The strength, in her words, is a mystery that the male gender shall never be able to touch or comprehend.

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Soldiers get to see the worst kind of gore and experience the worst kind of brutality that man can carry out against others of his very own kind and these experiences leave everlasting scars & scabs. The memories are so overwhelming that either an ex soldier goes in to a state of long lasting isolation or he or she become very vocal about the experiences; more that often opting to inscribe the occurrence & the incidents.

Writing of A Rumor of War

And for the minds that are wondering why did Philip Caputo write A Rumor of War; the author belongs to the latter group that chooses to share the experiences of war with the masses. Philip Caputo has clearly stated in the foreword that his inscription is not meant to serve as either a historical account or as a platform to be used towards accusing other people & entities involved in the Vietnam War. Rather the sole purpose of Philip Caputo’s Rumor of War is to narrate the experiences he lived through personally and the things that he got to witness first hand. The same answer holds true for individuals wondering why did Philip Caputo create A Rumor of War or why did Philip Caputo output A Rumor of War?

Inscription of A Rumor of War

The inscription of A Rumor of War is divided into 3 parts:

1. The Splendid Little War
2. The Officer in Charge of the Dead
3. In Death’s Grey Land

The first part talks about his experiences as a trainee officer, being the first ones to be deployed to Vietnam and initial sentiments about the Vietnam War. The following section pertains to him being assigned to carry out a desk job where he must keep count and maintain records for his deceased comrades and the attitude of the senior officers towards the conflict at hand. The last section relates to his reassignment as the leader of a rifle company and how he was almost court-marshaled because of his subordinates.

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Writing an essay can be irksome because most of us do not know the simple rules of essay writing. So, let us make it easier for you by starting with the very basics, which are commonly known as well. Now, every essay has the following three parts:

1. Introduction
2. Body
3. Conclusion

A sound balance and consistent flow should be maintained in these three essential components of an essay. But, what we really need to know is how to write an essay that leaves an impression on the reader and also what steps are to be taken to make it easier for us to write an essay. Below are a few points that can be followed in sequence to get the desired results.

Introduction, Body & Conclusion: Getting Them Right!

Essay Introduction: The introduction should grab your reader’s attention. It should be very interesting or intriguing. You might write an interesting fact, a surprising piece of information, an exciting quotation or a provocative question. After gaining the desired attention, jump to the main issue. Introduction should lead toward the thesis statement.

Essay Body: Each paragraph should have a particular focus to it. Start a paragraph with a topic sentence. Develop ideas to further support the topic sentence. Give examples, state causes and effects, comparisons and contrasts etc. One paragraph should have one topic, rather than three or four.

Essay Conclusion: Keep your conclusion short. Summarize your ideas in a fresh way and make an elegant exit. Do not restate your thesis; rather write something that makes the reader think about your essay for a while. To leave an impression, try giving a thought provoking question, stating what action needs to be done, ending on an interesting twist of thought etc.

Basic Tips for Essay Writing

Research: It is not possible to write intelligently about a topic, one doesn’t know much about. Spend considerable amount of time in reading and gathering information about the topic assigned. Use variety of sources i.e. internet, academic database and libraries. Keep taking notes and don’t forget to write down the correct references.

Brainstorming: Now that you have enough research, task is to look for something original to say about the topic. To do that you should try to define the problem, write down questions challenging your main idea, look for evidences and try to reason with yourself, look out for any biases that you might have, identify assumptions and lose them. Remember a simple tip that any argument is incomplete without either one of the following:

1. Claim
2. Reasons for that claim

Thesis Statement: After researching and brainstorming copiously, its time to produce a polished thesis statement that will shape your essay. It should be ‘specific’ and ‘arguable’. For instance if you cannot say anything against your thesis, it’s a fact not a thesis.

Outline: Write down a brief outline for yourself before starting the essay. It’s like a blueprint for a building. Mention all the points you would like to write in your essay e.g. what would you write in the paragraphs and in what order, how would you like to end it etc.

Proof reading: Read your essay again and again and look for clarity of concepts. Avoid personal references e.g. ‘I think’ or ‘I believe’ etc. Check your write up for any grammatical errors. Maintain a level of formality and avoid emotionalism. Make sure the essay has been proofread couple of times before you submit it.

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Advertising and marketing are twins; two robust pillars standing tall to support the same objective – get the sales going and the cash flowing in. My perception translates in to advertising being the thoughts & ideas that go into the development of a plan and marketing is the strategic execution & implementation of those same ideas. Therefore, in order for these ideas to be a success, they must be delivered & transmitted to the consumer in the manner that they prefer i.e. the way they want to see things, the way they want to feel them, hear them etc.

Getting the Hang of Advertising Copy Model in Detail…

Glancing through these instructions for writing an effective advertising copy can help any hopeful writer save time and effort. Remember, your main objective for inking an advertising copy in the first place is to get the customer to act; to buy from you. You are a salesperson in pursuit of customers to convince. Remember, there is no one universal law that dictates the success of an advertising copy. Various experts and professionals from the advertising realm have their own opinions and approaches. However, these 8 tips for writing an effective advertising copy bring together the common elements of successful advertising copies, are easy to comprehend and implement when given due attention.

1. First and foremost is the determination of what is it that you’re working to sell. Remember, it’s not the product that consumers buy; it’s the set of benefits and advantages that are associated with the product. For example, BMW doesn’t sell luxury sedans; it sells status symbols, comfort and safety all in one package. So start off by determining the stance you will be adopting with reference to your product and/or service.
2. The next, and obvious, step is to get your word choice right because it’s not just “what you say”; it’s also “how you say it”. Your tonality, attitude and energy will be relayed through the words you select for the advertising copy.
3. Incorporate easy words and short length sentences. Experts cite the ideal average sentence length to be between 17-20 words; longer sentences tend to leave the customer behind and lost. Don’t bother selecting ideas that you can’t reduce to lesser phrases yourself.
4. To remove a common misconception; writers are not born only; they can be made as well. Anyone who can take his or her ideas, translate them into the common man’s lingo and have it come across as persuasive has nailed the point.
5. Honesty is the best policy. Yes sir, we’ve heard that as kids and now it’s time to see it in action through advertising copy. Customers are not dumb and they definitely don’t want to be perceived so either; no free rides here. Either you come out clean with an honest tender backed by rational terms or risk losing credibility in front of the consumer; the choice is yours. Don’t exaggerate or blow up facts; present them as they are in refined language.
6. “Speak” to the customer through your word arrangement & choice. Ensure you come across as if talking directly to the customer. Being passive & using the third person doesn’t work too well in advertising copies; be active, bring the first person into play and utilize action verbs. Additionally, add inflection & diversity in your sentences; don’t be monotonous and lifeless.
7. Be a leader. Once you’ve got the customer’s attention & interest, the next obvious is to guide them on how they can make use of the presented opportunity; do they need to call a number? Visit a website? Return something in the mail?
8. Lastly, once you’re done with the writing bit, take time out to read the piece multiple times. Once doesn’t do the trick; review it 2-3 times. You’ll be surprised to see how easily mistakes can escape your eyes in the first go.

These aren’t just 8 tips for writing an effective advertising copy. This is a complete generic model of a guide for writing an effective advertising copy; go through it attentively.

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It is always better to write a complaint letter if faced by any nuisance on behalf of a company, organization, institute etc. The key to writing an effective complaint letter is to keep it short and to the point and include the necessary  documentation. Most businesses and organizations want to address and clear up complaints quickly in order to have satisfied customers or members so here are a few tips that would make your complaint letter effective.

1. Address your complaint letter to the person in charge.
2. Start your complaint letter by telling about your experience briefly using as many facts as possible. Facts allow the recipient of your letter to validate the legitimacy of your complaint. Include specific date, time and place, as well as the names of people you dealt with.
3. Clearly explain the situation. The body of complaint letter should be like a story narrating all the events in sequence.
4. Keep the letter brief, to the point and be honest. Do not exaggerate or change the facts.
5. Maintain a respectful and positive tone because most probably your reader is a senior person. The management sympathizes with you and wants to fix the problem. Convey your message in a firm but polite manner.
6. In some cases you can make your case strong by getting signatures from others too, i.e. other affected by the scenario.
7. Include your contact information; name, email address, phone number so that the management can reach you.
8. It’s wise to send copies of your complaint letter to parties involved. For example, in a case where you have been told to write to a Regional Manager of a program, it is often a good idea to make sure that someone in head office also gets a copy.
9. Ask for compensation and suggest how you want the issue to be resolved. For example ask for concession or an apology etc.
10. Toward the end of complaint letter, ask for an early response and mention that you can always go to other places for your business or vacation since your valuable time got wasted which you would like to avoid next time.
11. Closing the Letter:  In the end thank the reader and compliment about something you found appreciable. Be sure to keep a copy of the complaint letter with yourself.

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We didn’t start the fire is one of the melodious yet meaningful songs written by the American ballad maker and music icon Billy Joel. The song was released in the year 1989 as part of his famous album Storm Release. In contrast to other songs, the lyrics of we didn’t start the fire were penned before the melody was formed. Billy Joel adopted the stream of consciousness style for writing this particular song so as to delineate his thoughts in the form of monologue.

The Writing of We Didn’t Start the Fire

Born in a family of pianists, Billy Joel was pushed to learn the classic theories of music and art of piano playing—despite disapproval, he had to abide by the family trade. Since his formative years, Billy was very much interested in the subject of history. He used to gather information from all possible sources about history. At one point in life, Billy Joel even decided to become a history instructor. The lyrics of we didn’t start the fire reflect his love for history. He wrote the song at the age of forty and included heading/title of all major personas and events in a chronological order that made history between the years 1949 to 1989.

We didn’t start the fire
It was always burning, since the world’s been turning
We didn’t start the fire
No, we didn’t light it but we’re trying to fight it

Billy Joel was an advocate of young generation and through his song we didn’t start the fire, he wanted to tell them that whatever crisis the world is facing presently, is not because of them. The culprits are their fathers and grandfathers who gathered all the kindling and left the innocent new generation to suffer the results of their slips and wrong decisions. He further articulated that the current impeccant society is trying to atone for their wrongdoings but if they fail in the process, there should be no regrets because after all, they didn’t start the fire. SHARE WITH OTHERS

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The inquisitive mind wonders why did Upton Sinclair write The Jungle and seeks all the sources that can list all the answers to get as close as possible of a picture. At the very basic level, the answer to that question would be that Upton Sinclair was a man who was true to his profession and duties as a journalist and earnestly believed in the public’s right to have access to the truth.

Circumstances Under Which Upton Sinclair Wrote “The Jungle”

Upton Sinclair had a duo of primary motives which he wanted to accomplish and achieve through the inking of The Jungle. Not only did he want to signify the dilemma & troubles that were being faced by the populace belonging to the middle class faction of society but Upton Sinclair also wanted to unveil and reveal the corrupt practices being implemented at that time. These were largely followed by the commercial entities belonging to the meatpacking trade in the United States of America during the former part of the twentieth century.

Narration, Inception and Inspiration for Sinclair’s Jungle

And by all means, The Jungle adopts a whip cracking tenor to signify the nonexistence of social initiatives, the horrid living and employment conditions, the deep rooted sense of hopelessness that was so very common amongst members of the working class. It provides its readers with a contrasting picture when it came to exploring the lifestyle of those individuals who were in authority. His efforts bore color when people revolted and it became eminent that the American society could not dwell by sucking the blood of wage slaves any longer. The Jungle embraces the true spirit of the muckraking institution that had been initiated and adopted by the journalists of his time.

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