Gold Horn - Istanbul

It forms a deep natural harbor for the pensinsula it encloses together with the Sea of Marmara. The Byzantine Empire had its naval headquarters there, and walls were built along the shoreline to protect the city of Constantinople from naval attacks. At the entrance to the Horn, there was a large chain pulled across from Constantinople to the old Tower of Galata (which was known as the Megàlos Pyrgos, Great Tower, in Greek among the Byzantines) on the northern side, preventing unwanted ships from entering. This tower was largely destroyed by the Latin Crusaders during the Fourth Crusade (1204), but the Geneose built a new tower nearby, the famous Galata Tower (1348) which they called Christea Turris (Tower of Christ).This horn-shaped estuary divides European İstanbul. One of the best natural harbours in the world, it was once the centre for the Byzantine and Ottoman navies and commercial shipping interests. Today, attractive parks and promenades line the shores, a picturesque scene especially as the sun goes down over the water. At Fener and Balat, neighbourhoods midway up the Golden Horn, there are entire streets filled with old wooden houses, churches, and synagogues dating from Byzantine and Ottoman times. The Orthodox Patriarchy resides at Fener and a little further up the Golden Horn at Eyup, are some wonderful examples of Ottoman architecture. Muslim pilgrims from all over the world visit Eyup Mosgue and Tomb of Eyup, the Prophet Mohammed’s standard bearer, and it is one of the holiest places in Islam. The area is a still a popular burial place, and the hills above the mosque are dotted with modern gravestones interspersed with ornate Ottoman stones. The Pierre Loti Cafe, at the top of hill overlooking the shrine and the Golden Horn, is a wonderful place to enjoy the tranquility of the view.

maiden's tower

Maiden’s Tower is the attribute of Istanbul due to its different area at the circle point of the two continents Europe and Asia, 2500 years old history and legends that accept been accountable to abounding belief and balladry through out the history.

In 2000, afterwards the apology able to its characteristics and acceptable architectonics captivated by the Hamoglu Holding Company, Maiden’s Tower opened the doors to the accessible for the aboriginal time. Now Maiden’s Tower is affable you in a absorbing atmosphere area it serves as a cafeteria during the day time and serves as a accomplished dining restaurant in the evenings.

Maiden’s Tower was first built by the ancient Athenian general Alcibiades in 408 BC to control the movements of the Persian ships in the Bosphorus strait. Back then the tower was located between the ancient cities of Byzantion and Chrysopolis.
The tower was later enlarged and rebuilt as a fortress by the Byzantine emperor Alexius Comnenus in 1110 AD, and was rebuilt and restored several times by the Ottoman Turks, most significantly in 1509 and 1763. The most recent facelift was made in 1998.
Steel supports were added around the ancient tower as a precaution after the 17 August 1999 earthquake. Used as a lighthouse for centuries, the interior of the tower has been transformed into a popular café and restaurant, with an excellent view of the former Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman capital.
Private boats make trips to the tower several times a day.

Glass pyramid Sabanci Fair and assembly Centre which has become the attribute of Antalya was opened in 1 October 1997 and the aboriginal action that it hosted was XI apple Forestry Congress.

The bottle pyramid is a anatomy that sits about an breadth of 4500 beat aboveboard and has two floors namely alleged as basement and arena floor. The top is covered with black thermo even amplitude roof. At the Bottle pyramid Sabanci Fair and assembly Centre; there are Toros salon of 2500 persons, Meltem salon of 440 bodies and Duden salon of 330 persons. The Toros salon which has been abiding for appointment and congress, fair and specialization fairs can be organized with 1500 angle capacity. All the salons are able with accompaniment of the art complete and ablaze systems.

The top of the arena attic is covered with black thermo even amplitude roof. Right at the alfresco of the anatomy there are 4 anniversary annular adornment pools in 2500 m2 ambit and the architecture is amidst by these pools. There are 4 abstracted entrances to the architecture by the bridges over the pools in four altered directions.

Toros saloon:

The Toros salon amid at the access attic with a appliance breadth of 2900 beat aboveboard is getting acclimated as appointment and fair organizations. In the appointment advised appliance it has a basement accommodation of 2400 bodies at scope stands. In fair purpose appliance there is a achievability of establishing fair at an breadth of 2050 beat square. There is a complete and ablaze and angel arrangement able to acknowledge all kinds of needs in the saloon. At the gigantic awning amid in the salon assorted graphics, animations and shows can be performed during the organization. In addition, there are adaptable accompanying adaptation cabins.

Meltem saloon:

This salon that can be acclimated for appointment and affair purposes with 417 beat aboveboard has 440 non anchored bench accommodation and adaptable accompanying adaptation cabins. There is accompaniment of the art abstruse accessories in the salon to be acclimated in affairs and conferences.

Duden saloon:

This salon that can be acclimated for appointment and affair purposes with 307 beat aboveboard has 340 non anchored bench capacities and has four adaptable accompanying adaptation cabins. The abstruse equipments are able of authoritative complete and angel manual during the activities amid the salons. At our centre there are 2 anniversary salons of 87 beat aboveboard with 50 being capacity. These salons can be abiding as affair rooms, art gallery, columnist allowance and cafeteria based on the demand.

There is an elevator, blast and toilet in the bottle pyramid for disabled persons. Foyer, VIP room, doctor`s room, buffet, checkroom, account kitchen and abstruse sections are the added sections central the building. At the accessible fair breadth alleged a the king`s alley which is broadcast over an breadth of 15.000 aboveboard meters there are ten anniversary semi accessible fair areas of absolute 2650 beat square.

In affiliation to pyramid there is a parking lot with 500 car accommodation that can be acclimated as an accessible fair area. Bottle pyramid has been awarded with European animate union`s 1999 year award. (The European Animate abutment whose address is amid in Brussels is giving the awards to design, the functionality at application, animate architecture designs at technology and quality).

Perge saloon:

It is a alehouse of 448 persons; conference, accompanying translation, panel, alcove orchestra blazon of activities can be performed.

Aspendos salon:

It is a salon of 817 persons; all kinds of theatre, polyphonic music, ballet, concert, cinema and appointment activities can be performed. Aspendos salon is an acoustic salon with its every way, the shows can be performed after microphone and because of the orchestra cavity; all kinds of polyphonic musicals can be performed.

In accession at the Antalya Ability centre; artisan bathrobe apartment accomplish up, blow rooms, administering apartment and fair saloons and two pastry shops are included.

All of areas of the ability accept been hot and algid air conditioned of the ability which is a part of the a lot of avant-garde ability centers of Turkey, by the blaze aegis systems the saloons are secured. At the stages in the saloons, the complete and ablaze systems accept been able with the accompaniment of the art technology.

After the Enactment of the coffer of city (1933), the ability of municipalities was strengthened. Nevertheless, because of the dearth of resources, they were clumsy to action properly, so the axial government took over their duties. There was a abatement in the action and the ability of the municipalities.

The difficulties of the 2nd World War aswell added this decline. With the 1961 Constitution, allotment of the political and authoritative admiral were transferred to authorities added than the axial government; appropriately the attempt of bounded administering were introduced.

As was briefly explained, the foundation of city administering was provided by laws anesthetized in 1930 and 1984. The city archetypal was activated in our country according to absolute laws. The city board is accustomed as the competent ascendancy for authoritative decisions it is there that important decisions are fabricated such as those apropos planning, authoritative programs allotment acknowledging the commune municipalities budgets and account and amendments and establishing allocation are a part of the City City Council’s duties

The job of authoritative decisions to align out disputes amid the city and commune governments was aswell accustomed to the council. Another of the City City Council’s important responsibilities is to authorize alternate cooperation and affectionate relationships with adopted borough administrations.

The authoritative anatomy of the City administering is composed of capital account departments and acceptable departments. The departments are beneath the acclaim of City mayor. They are administered by the Secretary General and are composed of the administration heads, managers and officials. they are the capital account units of the Greater Metropolis.

The qadi, who was the accomplished ambassador of the city-limits administration, was not alone a adjudicator but aswell an official who was amenable for the functions of the municipality, administration and finance.

Until the aboriginal aeon of the 19th aeon the humans who managed the bounded regions were imams (leaders of prayer). The imams, who were appointed by the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, were aswell the assembly of the qadis who were territorial governors. The ascendancy of these qadis lasted until 1839 and again absent its importance. In added words, the action of these qadis declared. On the added hand, the imams did not lose their influence.

In animosity of the changes and developments traveling on in Europe socially and economically and in the administration of bounded regions, there was no such development in the Ottoman Empire.

A bounded administration cachet was accustomed in the Ottoman aeon alone during the 19th aeon as a aftereffect of trade, development of cities, the enactment of banking centralizations and added countries’ pressures on the accepting of the minorities’ indigenous rights. As a aftereffect of, the Ottoman administration gave accord for the leaders of boyhood congregations to be included in management.

At the aboriginal bisected of the 19th century, the developments that took abode fabricated it all-important for the change in the administration of the cities and as a result, the foundation was laid for the alteration to the avant-garde city management.

After the 2nd bisected of the 19th century, relations with the European countries had developed. European traders had acclimatized and accustomed colonies.

Development in barter had brought the call for new services, busline and communication. Especially in cities that had docks, it was a botheration to accommodate institutions of apprehension for barter ships and to accommodate transportation. For this reason, the aboriginal municipalities were accustomed in business centres and in littoral cities.

As a amount of fact, the aboriginal action for the city to be accustomed in Izmir was by adopted merchants.

The hisbe organizations of the accomplished were acknowledged due to their development according to the laws of Islam.

The aboriginal attack at establishing a borough government took abode in Istanbul in 855. at the advocacy of the civic government and with the approval of the Sultan, a City-limits Chief and 12 affiliate City-limits Board were placed at the top of the borough offices were opened in altered districts in the city-limits appropriately commutual the system.

It is absorbing that the aboriginal borough government appointment was accustomed in the Beyoglu and Galata districts area the majority of the minorities are found. A administrator and a city-limits board headed anniversary borough office. Western consultants were active and French was acclimated as an official accent alongside Ottoman. Borough governments alfresco of Istanbul were accustomed with laws anesthetized in 1877.

The basal codes, which underlie today’s borough organization, were accustomed in law no. 1580 anesthetized in 1930. Laws anesthetized in consecutive years brought new arrange apropos ascendancy and responsibility.

An important change apropos borough governments was independent in law no. 3030 anesthetized in 1984. This Law brought important changes apropos the administration of metropolises It created commune borough governments aural the metropolises and gave added ascendancy to the metropolises. Particularly in the amount of building.

During Latin aggression church-monastery was destroyed considerably, and in 13th aeon appropriate aliment were fabricated and architecture was amidst by blubbery walls. The travellers accession in Istanbul in 13th and 14th centuries acknowledgment alluring decorations and baroque actualization of the church.

After Istanbul was conquered, the architecture was adapted into abbey by Ilyas Bey in 1486. The architecture suffered ample convulsion amercement from earthquakes and fires occured in assorted periods and the roof of the architecture was burst in 1908, and as it was not repaired the architecture has appear to present time with its today’s appearance.

Specific columns, active and some of architectural apparatus of basilica and affluent attic decorations accept been preserved. Haigha Sophia Museum can be visited aloft permission of directorate.