Southeastern Kenya is defined by a semi-arid climate with erratic rainfall and prolonged dry seasons. Unlike the Western region, where water sources are often in close proximity to households (though often running with unclean water), communities in the southeast frequently face severe physical water scarcity. This necessitates long-distance travel to reach boreholes, seasonal riverbeds, or sand dams. My visit to the mature sand dam made me happy because, as a woman, I knew that when the dry season hits the region, the men, women, and children in the community will have access to water.

Mrs. Rose Musyoka was a happy mother, and she expressed how life had changed after the sand dam was constructed. She said, “Before the sand dam was constructed by The Water Project in 2021, the community faced a lot of challenges. They used to walk 5 kilometers downstream to look for water, which was very strenuous and wasted a lot of time.” She added that life was hard, but after the sand dam was constructed, the well provides them with water and it never runs dry. She could not hide her joy as she said that she is now practicing bee keeping, which is earning her income to support her family, and she is hopeful that the coming generations will not suffer to get water.

How ironic is it that we are in the same country but facing different water challenges? That was the question I couldn’t answer on my own. But as I interacted more with the women, I learned that for the people living in the southeast, the focus is predominantly on water harvesting and storage technologies, such as the construction of sand dams and large-scale rainwater catchment. And for the people staying in Western Kenya, interventions often focus on water treatment, spring protection, drilling of boreholes, and sanitation to combat waterborne diseases.

The green vegetation and fresh air while walking through the communities was breathtaking. I learned that because of the sand dams along the river banks constructed by The Water Project, the communities are now healthier. They have kitchen gardens with fresh green vegetables, they get enough water to drink because there is enough stored in the sand dams to serve them for years, and their children go to school clean and fresh because they have water to bathe in and drink. Indeed, water is life, and we all need it in order to live as normal human beings.

My visit to the second community (Yuio Sand Dam) was such a surprise. The men and women were preparing for the construction of the sand dam, and they could not hide their joy and celebration towards The Water Project. The songs and dances reminded me that I am blessed to have water running in my house while they don’t. Seeing the community members collecting the local materials together as a family showed that they live together as a family, united by the need for access to water. Both the young and the old, men and women, worked together to ensure that the project was successful. They sacrificed their time, resources, and energy in preparing for the construction of the sand dam. They were collecting sand and stone for the construction. This took a lot of time and energy, but I could see their determination and their urge to have water closer to them. They collected sand together as they sang in their local language.

Through working together to support The Water Project, I learned that it brings them together, because at the end of the construction, the ownership of the water point belongs to the community. When it comes to ownership of the sand dam and its management, the community must participate fully for the sand dam to serve them well.

My encounter with Mrs. Agneta reminded me that women are very strong and are heroes to our families. According to her, she wakes up as early as 2am together with other women to go and look for water kilometers away from their homes. When they get to the water source, they are forced to sleep as they queue, because they had woken up so early. Sometimes, those who got to the scoop holes earlier will finish the water, and other women have to go back home without any. She appreciated The Water Project for supporting them in the construction of a sand dam closer to their homes. She said that they will no longer be waking up late at night to fetch water, because they were risking their lives doing so. Sometimes they even left their children sleeping as they went to look for water. As women, they were very happy, because they will have water closer to them, and the general sanitation and hygiene of their children and their homes will improve.

To anyone supporting The Water Project out there, just know that you are touching lives in a different way, and the dreams and aspirations of men, women, and children come to pass.

The first time I visited the southeast, I saw dust. This time, I saw green. That is what water does, and that is what happens when communities and the people who believe in them stand together.

“Olivia’s Field Notes” written by Olivia Chebet Bomji

Impact Communications Officer

The Water Project

The post The Southeastern Kenya That I Encountered first appeared on The Water Project.

We were one of several presenters, and the conversation was grounded in real projects, not hypotheticals.

What We Shared

Our Director of Innovation and Technology, Peter Chasse, presented the story behind ShockCalc, a field chlorination dosing calculator we built using AI-assisted development. The Water Project doesn’t just build water points. We maintain over 2,800 of them across Kenya, Sierra Leone, and Uganda. Every time a well is opened for repair, it’s exposed to contamination and needs to be shock chlorinated before it goes back into service. Getting the chlorine dose right matters. Too little is ineffective. Too much is dangerous.

Read more about ShockCalc and sign up for Beta access: https://thewaterproject.org/shock-calc-app

Before ShockCalc, our field teams worked from paper charts, manually calculating water column depth, well volume, and chlorine mass, often juggling unit conversions in their heads. The app replaced that process with a tool that handles the math reliably and quickly.

What made the development story unusual was the method. Peter used “vibe coding,” an approach where AI writes the bulk of the code while a human directs architecture, logic, and testing. The working app went from concept to field testing in about a week. We wrote about the full development story last year in The Problem We Didn’t Know AI Could Solve (But It Did).

Who Else Presented

The event featured perspectives from across the sector:

Olivier Mills, Baobab Tech presented on WASH AI, a platform designed to make sector knowledge more accessible through artificial intelligence. WASH AI aims to support professionals working in governments, NGOs, and community organizations by providing AI-powered knowledge tools, technical support, and learning resources across 20+ languages.

Nicolas Dickinson, WASHNote shared work on an AI Learning Companion developed with IRC for the WASH Systems Academy, which serves over 8,000 registered learners. The tool uses AI to support self-directed learning and connect users with relevant sector knowledge.

Dr. Samuel Segun, Global Center on AI Governance addressed the ethical dimensions of AI adoption in development contexts, including questions around data governance, algorithmic accountability, and responsible implementation, an area the audience had significant questions about.

The Takeaway

Over 200 people registered and 116 attended live, which says something about where the sector’s attention is going. The questions in the Q&A reflected a mix of curiosity and healthy skepticism: How do you validate AI-generated outputs? What are the ethical guardrails? How do smaller organizations get started without deep technical capacity?

These are the right questions. The Water Project has been experimenting with AI since 2024 across marketing, financial reporting, and program field use. ShockCalc is one example, but not the only one. We’ve found real value in building bespoke tools when we need them, for the specific problems we actually face. A careful approach keeps our data safe and humans in the loop, and that discipline is what unlocks the rest. AI isn’t going to solve the water crisis, but it can solve specific, well-scoped problems within it. Start where the problem is clear and the stakes of getting it wrong are understood.

The Millennium Water Alliance plans to continue this conversation with a follow-up event.

Watch the Recording

The full event recording is available on YouTube: Watch “Tools, Trade-Offs, and Takeaways: Exploring Practical Applications of AI for Water Security”

The Water Project has been a member of the Millennium Water Alliance since 2024. Learn more about how we work and our approach to maintaining water points across sub-Saharan Africa.

Peter Chasse, Founder & Chief Innovation and Technology Officer

Guest blog writer

The Water Project

The post What Happened When Over 200 WASH Professionals Showed Up to Talk About AI first appeared on The Water Project.

Stephen has been the Officer in Charge here since long before I came. He told me the facility opened in 1995. He told me it runs twenty-four hours. He told me about the maternity ward, the inpatient beds, the outpatient line that starts forming before the sun is up. And then, almost as an afterthought, he told me about the water.

They harvest rainwater. When the tanks run dry, someone has to go to the river.

The river is half a kilometer away. The community uses it for sand harvesting, which is how many families here earn their living. By mid-morning the water is churned and brown. So whoever fetches water for the health center has to be there between four and five in the morning, before the sand harvesters arrive, to get the cleaner water at the top.

I want you to sit with that for a moment. A health center. Twenty-four hours. Maternity ward. And someone has to wake up at four in the morning to walk half a kilometer in the dark to a river, so that the hospital can function.

Stephen said it is hard to find people willing to do this. I believed him.

I walked through the maternity ward. I am not going to describe what I saw in detail, because some things belong to the women who were there and not to me. But I will say this. After a delivery, the room has to be cleaned before the next mother comes in. That cleaning takes water. A lot of water. Doctors wash their hands. Nurses wash their hands. Visitors wash their hands. And sometimes there is not enough water for a patient to swallow her medicine.

There is a LifeStraw dispenser on the wall. The administration installed it to help. It helps. It is not enough.

I kept thinking about a question I could not stop asking myself as I walked back to the car. What is the difference between a health center and a health risk, when the water runs out?

I do not have an answer. Stephen does not either. He has been carrying this question for years.

A few days later I was in Maraba, sitting with a group of women near their spring. This is a different community, a different problem, but the same water. They have been fetching from an unprotected source for as long as any of them can remember. Some were born here. Some married in. None of them could remember a time when water was easy.

When we began talking about protecting the spring, one of the mothers spoke before I had finished my sentence.

“Do we begin today? When will the spring be protected? What do we need to bring?”

I have been doing this work for a while. I have heard a lot of questions about a lot of projects. I have never heard questions asked quite like that. Not hopeful, exactly. More like someone who has been holding her breath for thirty years and has just been told she can let it out.

Her name is Esther. Her spring is protected now.

I think about her when I think about Stephen. I think about the maternity ward at Likindu, where the water runs out, and I think about the women in Maraba, where it no longer does. The same country. The same need. Two different endings, so far.

I do not know how to close this except to say what I keep saying to myself on the drive home from these visits. The work is not finished. It is only as finished as the next person who needs water.

“Jackie’s Field Notes” written by Jackie Chelagat

Impact Communications Officer

The Water Project

The post The Hospital That Runs Out of Water first appeared on The Water Project.

But the true story of water begins after the pump is built. It unfolds in classrooms, farms, markets, and homes, where saved hours slowly turn into opportunity.

Time: The First Economic Dividend

When clean water arrives within reach of a village, the first change isn’t money.

It’s time.

Those extra hours quickly reshape daily life. Women who once spent mornings collecting water begin using that time differently, by tending vegetable gardens, weaving textiles, or selling goods at roadside markets.

The sounds of commerce grow, like bargaining voices, clinking coins, and laughter at market stalls.

Children return to classrooms. Over time, higher school attendance leads to improved literacy and job skills, the backbone of future economic productivity.

Researchers studying water access across Sub-Saharan Africa consistently find that reducing the time burden of water collection leads to measurable increases in household income. When people gain time, they gain opportunity.

Time, it turns out, is one of the most valuable currencies in any economy.

Health: Protecting the Workforce

Clean water transforms health, and health is an economic engine.

Without contaminated water, cases of waterborne illnesses decline sharply. Clinics become quieter as fewer patients crowd waiting benches.

Healthy workers mean reliable labor. Farmers plant on time. Traders travel farther. Teachers stay in classrooms instead of caring for sick children.

Healthcare costs also drop. Families spend less on medication and emergency treatment, freeing funds for investments, like livestock, tools, education, or small businesses.

At the national level, this shift matters enormously.

Countries lose billions of dollars each year to lost productivity caused by preventable diseases linked to unsafe water. Reducing illness doesn’t just save lives. It also strengthens labor markets and supports steady economic growth.

Agriculture: Water as Capital

Across Sub-Saharan Africa, agriculture remains the economic backbone for many communities. Water is its lifeblood.

With reliable clean water sources, farmers can irrigate crops during dry periods instead of watching seedlings wither in relentless heat. The smell of damp soil replaces the scent of dust. Green shoots appear where land once stood barren.

Crop yields increase.

More harvest means surplus, and surplus means trade.

Local markets expand. Farmers diversify crops, growing vegetables and fruits alongside staples. Families sell excess produce, generating cash income and improving food security at the same time.

Over time, these agricultural gains ripple outward into regional economies, increasing supply chains, boosting transportation demand, and supporting local entrepreneurship.

Water, in this sense, becomes a form of capital investment.

Women at the Center of Economic Change

In many Sub-Saharan African communities, women carry the greatest burden of water collection and therefore benefit most when access improves.

When the daily trek for water disappears, something powerful happens.

Women open small businesses, like tailoring shops, food stalls, and craft production. The scent of frying dough rises from roadside stands. The hum of sewing machines becomes familiar. Income earned by women often goes directly into family needs, namely education, nutrition and healthcare.

Studies consistently show that when women control more time and income, household welfare improves and poverty declines.

Clean water doesn’t just hydrate communities.

It empowers them.

The Multiplier Effect: Small Change, Big Impact

Economists often talk about the multiplier effect, the idea that one investment triggers many layers of economic activity.

Clean water infrastructure is a powerful example.

A single borehole or piped system can reduce disease, increase school attendance, boost agricultural output, enable new businesses, create local employment for maintenance, and improve long-term workforce productivity.

Each benefit reinforces the next.

Like ripples spreading outward after a stone hits water, the effects multiply far beyond the original investment.

A Future Measured in Liters and Livelihoods

Back in Kyanga’s village, the pump has become part of everyday life.

You can hear it in the steady rhythm of hands lifting the handle. You can see it in the vegetable gardens that line the path to the market. You can smell it in the steam rising from boiling rice instead of murky soup.

And you can measure it in numbers.

More children in school.

More goods at market.

More income in households.

More resilience during drought.

Water, once a daily burden, has become a foundation for growth.

More Than Water

Clean water is often framed as a humanitarian necessity, and it is. But it is also an economic strategy.

In Sub-Saharan Africa, expanding access to safe water is not just about preventing disease or reducing hardship. It is about unlocking productivity, fueling enterprise, and creating pathways out of poverty.

Water changes the rhythm of a village.

It changes how time is spent, how money is earned, how futures are imagined.

It turns survival into opportunity.

And sometimes, all it takes to start that transformation is the sound of clear water hitting metal — bright, ringing, and full of possibility.

The post Walking a Dusty Road – A Village’s Journey to Clean Water (Part 2) first appeared on The Water Project.

Her sandals kick up dust along the narrow path that snakes past thorny shrubs and termite mounds. Balanced on her head is an empty yellow jerrycan, its hollow echo tapping softly with every step. The smell of dry earth hangs heavy in the air, mixed with smoke from cooking fires where millet porridge bubbles in iron pots. Birds call from distant acacia trees, but otherwise the land feels still.

Kyanga walks nearly an hour to reach the water source. When she arrives, she joins a cluster of women and children gathered around a shallow, muddy pool. The water smells faintly sour, tinged with algae and decay. It looks brown, reflecting the sky only in broken patches between floating debris.

She crouches, dips her container carefully, and watches the murky liquid swirl inside.

This water will be used for everything — drinking, cooking, washing, cleaning.

It will also shape the future of her village’s economy.

The Hidden Cost of Dirty Water

For many communities across Sub-Saharan Africa, water scarcity isn’t only a health issue, it’s also an economic one.

Before access to clean water, entire days are consumed by the act of collecting it. In many regions, women and children spend three to six hours daily walking to distant sources. That lost time has a measurable economic cost.

Imagine the sound of metal classroom desks scraping across concrete floors, but many of them sit empty. Children, especially girls, miss school because they’re needed to fetch water. Over time, fewer years of education translate into fewer skilled workers, lower wages, and slower economic growth.

Businesses feel the absence, too.

A tailor cannot sew without water to wash fabrics. A farmer cannot irrigate crops reliably. A brickmaker cannot mix clay without hauling buckets first. Productivity slows to the rhythm of footsteps along dusty paths.

When water is scarce or unsafe, illness spreads easily. The sharp smell of disinfectant inside rural clinics becomes familiar as cases of diarrheal diseases rise, which are largely preventable with clean water. Sick workers stay home. Medical costs drain household savings. Crops go untended.

The economy rarely crashes outright. Instead, it drags forward slowly, like running through mud.

The Day the Pump Arrived

Now imagine a different morning.

The same sun rises over Kyanga’s village, but today the air hums with anticipation. A truck has arrived, its metal frame rattling, its tires crunching against stones. Children gather, eyes wide. Men unload pipes and tools. Women cluster nearby, whispering hopeful questions.

The smell of fresh-cut metal mixes with dust as workers drill into the earth.

Hours pass.

Then it happens.

A lever is pulled, and with a groan of machinery, clear water bursts upward, sparkling in the sunlight.

Women laugh. Children clap. Some cry openly.

Kyanga steps forward, places her jerrycan beneath the stream, and watches it fill with water so clear she can see her reflection. She lifts it easily,  lighter than before, not just in weight, but in time saved.

Her walk home is now measured in minutes, not hours.

That difference, those saved hours, is where the economic ripple begins.

But this was only the beginning.

The real transformation didn’t happen in a single day. It unfolded slowly, through changes in time, health, and opportunity.

Next week, we’ll follow Kyanga’s village as the ripple effects of clean water begin to reshape daily life, and the local economy.

The post Walking a Dusty Road – A Village’s Journey to Clean Water (Part 1) first appeared on The Water Project.

Thirteen-year-old Karlota used to wake in the dark, lift an empty container, and walk to the well before most of the village even stirred. By the time she arrived, a line had already formed, children shifting from foot to foot, waiting their turn. Some mornings, the line stretched so long that the sun was already high in the sky before she began the walk back.

School didn’t wait for her.

By the time she reached the classroom, lessons were underway. She slipped into her seat quietly, trying to catch up while still catching her breath.

Now, her mornings look very different.

The walk for water is shorter. The waiting is brief. Instead of racing against the clock, she arrives at school early enough to sit with her friends before lessons begin. They spread their notebooks across the desk and quiz each other on what they learned the day before.

These days, Karlota talks easily about the future. She wants to become a doctor because she has seen what sickness does when help is far away.

“Doctors treat people and make them feel better,” she says. “I want to do that, too.”

At Fuvale Primary School, Patience remembers what it felt like when water shortages interrupted the school day without warning.

Sometimes, lessons stopped mid-morning. A teacher would gather students and lead them beyond the school compound to search for water. It meant leaving books behind and missing the next lesson.

There were days when sickness followed, too – stomach pain, fevers, exhaustion. Missing school became part of the rhythm of life, even when she wanted nothing more than to be in class.

Now, Patience notices different things.

She notices how lessons continue without interruption. How she no longer has to pack up her books halfway through the day. How her teacher moves steadily from reading to mathematics to writing without pausing to solve water problems.

Her ambition has grown quietly alongside that consistency.

She wants to become a teacher. Not someday in the abstract, but in the kind of way that shows up in her daily habits, like finishing assignments, asking questions, and paying attention to the smallest details.

Most of all, she notices how much time she now spends doing what once felt uncertain: learning.

For Chernor, the change is something he feels in his body.

At fifteen, he remembers being sick often. The water he drank wasn’t always safe, but it was the only option available. Illness followed, sometimes mild, sometimes severe enough to keep him at home for days.

“In the past, I used to experience typhoid because the water was not pure,” he recalls.

Being sick didn’t just mean missing school. It meant falling behind, watching classmates move ahead, and wondering if he would ever catch up.

Now, he talks about health the way others talk about achievement.

Clean water, he says, makes him feel “active, healthy, and happy.” He moves through the day with more energy. He attends school regularly. He listens, participates, and keeps pace with his classmates.

His dream of becoming a doctor doesn’t feel so out of reach. He has seen what illness does to families and communities. He knows what it means when safe care isn’t available.

Saving lives, to him, isn’t an abstract idea. It’s personal.

Teachers have noticed the difference in ways that are both subtle and unmistakable.

At Kasanga Primary School, Mrs. Vutu remembers how much time once disappeared into water-related challenges. Lessons paused. Students left. Energy drained from the classroom.

Now, her days feel steadier.

She speaks about having “more time and peace of mind to focus on teaching,” but what she describes shows up in small, ordinary moments, like students raising their hands more often, finishing assignments, and staying present from the first lesson to the last.

At Bundulai DEC Primary School, Ms. Kamara has watched attendance improve and concentration deepen. With water available nearby, students remain on school grounds throughout the day. Lessons flow without interruption.

She mentions the quality of the water, how it is protected from contamination, but what matters most is what happens afterward – students staying in class, listening, learning, and building momentum that carries from one day to the next.

The changes are not dramatic in the way headlines often describe change.

They show up in quiet ways – a student arriving on time, a full day of uninterrupted lessons, a child who stays healthy long enough to finish the week at school.

Karlota now reaches her classroom before the bell. She settles into her seat, opens her notebook, and sharpens her pencil while the room slowly fills with conversation.

Outside, the sun climbs higher.

Inside, her teacher begins the lesson.

This time, Karlota is already there.

The post Meet the Children Who Now Have Time to Dream first appeared on The Water Project.

“The longest time I had to wait for water was about 4 hours,” Vita Presley, Health Records and Information Officer, recalled. “It was during a dry spell, and we had exhausted all water in the tanks.”

But this year on World Water Day, that reality was replaced with something worth celebrating.

A brand new, reliable water well.

The Serem Health Center – Before

Previously, the center relied on a simple gutter system to collect rainwater. When the dry season came, that supply quickly ran out.

Staff were then forced to depend on costly water deliveries often from unknown and potentially unsafe sources.“The water purchase will last the center for a day, thus being costly to the facility,” shared Field Officer Jonathon Mutai. “Since water vendors may supply water from any water source, it then compromises the quality of water and increases the risk of waterborne ailments.”

Without safe water, the risks were serious. Contaminated water can carry harmful bacteria and microorganisms that cause diseases like diarrhea, as well as toxic substances that lead to long-term health issues.

But beyond the medical risks, the human impact was just as striking.

“What impacted me was the time that mothers who had just delivered had to wait for bathing water… because the water points were unreliable.” –Jonathon Mutai

In the wider community, women and girls carried the heaviest burden. Often responsible for collecting water, they could spend hours each day walking back and forth, sometimes 5 to 10 trips daily, leaving little time for education, rest, or caring for their families.

Yvonne, a young girl from the community, knew this routine all too well. Each day, she made multiple trips to collect water for her family, spending hours on a task that left little time for school or play. Now, with water available at the health center, her days look very different. “I’m so happy because now I have more time to study and play with my friends,” she said with a smile.

The Serem Health Center – After

Today, that previous uncertainty is gone.

With the new well in place, Serem Health Center now has a steady supply of clean, safe water. Handwashing stations and latrines have also been installed, helping protect both patients and staff.

Where water was once unreliable and unsafe, it is now available every day, for every need.

To ensure long-term sustainability, a Water User Committee has been established. Made up of a community health volunteer, clinic leadership, a community representative, and a board member, the group is responsible for maintaining the water point, promoting hygiene and sanitation, and keeping supplies stocked.

A World Water Day Party!

On World Water Day, the community came together to celebrate this transformation.

With The Water Project, partner Evidence Action, and local government representatives present, the event was filled with color, music, and joy. Drums echoed as mothers and girls performed the vibrant Isukuti dance, a fast-paced, energetic expression of celebration. Laughter, singing, and movement filled the space, marking not just a new water source, but a new chapter for the community.

A Sustainable Future

Access to safe water at Serem Health Center is more than an infrastructure improvement – it is the foundation for better health, dignity, and opportunity.

Patients now receive safer, more effective care. Healthcare workers can do their jobs without interruption. And women and girls are no longer burdened with the exhausting task of searching for water each day.

What has changed here isn’t just access to water – it’s what daily life looks like.

It’s the difference between waiting and receiving care.

Between risk and safety.
Between uncertainty and hope.

And it’s a powerful reminder that one essential resource can transform an entire community.

Read more about this project here

The post World Water Day Impact: How a New Well Transformed Healthcare at Serem Health Center in Kenya first appeared on The Water Project.

Boys from the same village would also bring livestock to drink water. This created a lot of commotion since the cows would make the water dirty, and even urinate or defecate in the water. Once the boys arrived, they would ignore us and ensure that the cows, sheep, and goats took priority. As young girls and women, there was nothing we could do, and none of us would raise our voice against the boys. This is one amongst many cases in our region where women are looked down upon.

Recently, I visited a place called Mumasaka community in Western Kenya to learn about the challenges that women face when in search of water. Jacklyne Segani, pictured below, said, “I have stayed in this community for over twenty years, and all that while, I have been fetching water from this unprotected spring. Getting water from this spring has not been easy. I spend a lot of time trying to get water, while women elsewhere are engaged in developmental activities. Considering the fact that this water point is open and exposed to all forms of contamination, cases of water-related illnesses like stomach pains and diarrhea are so rampant.”

Jackline Mutambi comes from the same community. She shares that she too encounters many challenges when fetching water from this unprotected spring.

“It is dirty with some greenish substance that makes it unsafe for consumption. Also, as women, we spend a lot of time coming here for water. I often quarrel with my husband because I’m gone for so long. Whenever we try to explain that we spend a lot of time scooping the water, they never understand.” – Jackline Mutambi

Jesca Asiko, a grade five student, has a similar experience when she goes in search of water. “Water from this point is dirty, and whenever we consume it, we end up being sick and fail to go to school. We also spend a lot of time looking for water and we get to school when it is late.

This World Water Day focused on gender equality with the goal of women and girls taking on a larger role in water decision-making. The 2026 World Water Day campaign calls for a transformative, rights-based approach where women have equal voice, leadership, and opportunities in water decision-making, making water a force for a healthier, more prosperous, gender-equal future that will benefit us all.

The Water Project, our generous donors and our team on the ground have played a crucial role in ensuring that call is achieved by building water infrastructure to ensure that women and girls gain access to clean and safe water with ease. A protected spring is currently under construction in the region, promising to ease the daily burden on women and girls while improving health, saving time, and restoring dignity within the community.

The post World Water Day: Where Water Flows, Equality Grows first appeared on The Water Project.

Our work begins with people, not projects. We collaborate with local NGOs and speak directly with community members to understand their needs. This helps us tailor a water solution that aligns with their goals and cultural context, giving the community a sense of ownership.

Why is this so important? Because real, lasting change doesn’t happen unless we build trust and partnerships with the people we’re trying to help. We want to ensure that whatever solution we bring aligns with their goals, their dreams, and their realities.

Community Education

Next, we provide education on hygiene, sanitation, and proper water management. We lead interactive workshops and training sessions to equip communities with the skills and information needed to maintain a safe water source. By empowering people with the skills they need to manage their water systems, we ensure that these resources continue to benefit them for decades to come.

Training session in Uganda

Project Installation

Once the community is informed, we build the appropriate water infrastructure. This is where customization matters. We take the time to design water systems that will work best for them, taking into account the environment, local resources, and other factors. This could include drilling a well, constructing a sand dam, or installing a rainwater catchment system.

Well construction in process

Handover and Follow-Up

After the infrastructure is in place, our work has just begun. We conduct follow-up education and officially hand over the project to the community. This includes forming local water committees, providing maintenance training, and ensuring the community has the tools and knowledge to sustain the water source on their own.

We don’t just want a project to succeed for a few months. We aim for sustainability.

Sanitation Committee training

Monitoring and Evaluation

Even after we’ve handed over the project, our relationship with the community is just beginning. We keep monitoring the system’s functionality, evaluating its impact, and checking in with the community. This helps us understand what’s working, as well as what could be better.

It’s this feedback loop that allows us to make informed decisions for future projects and improve our approach. Every community’s experience is unique, and we want to ensure that we’re always adapting to serve them better.

Completed well project in Uganda

Why We’re Different: A Holistic, Tailored Approach

The Water Project funds the entire lifecycle of a project, from installation to training and long-term maintenance. We ensure its sustainability through expertise, commitment, and ongoing evaluation.

Furthermore, our dedication to providing a tailored approach to each community maximizes the long-term success of a project. Often, “default” technologies like a handpump are installed and end up rejected or abandoned by a community.

We also aim for realistic impact assessments. Instead of quoting often inflated population numbers, we carefully calculate the real number of people each project will serve, ensuring that future investments can build on our successes.

Celebrating the community’s new well!

A Lasting Impact

By following these steps, we’re not just giving communities water; we’re giving them hope for a better future. A future where children can go to school without the burden of collecting water, where families can stay healthy because they have safe drinking water, and where communities thrive with the resources they need.

And we can’t do it alone.

Your support is the key. Every donation, every partnership, every voice raised helps to create sustainable, positive change. Together, we can build a world where access to clean water is not a privilege, but a right for everyone.

Join us in making a lasting impact. Let’s bring health, hope, and dignity to communities around the world.

The post From The Ground Up: How The Water Project Builds Change That Lasts first appeared on The Water Project.

This March 8th, the world celebrates International Women’s Day under the theme “Give to Gain” and for the women working alongside The Water Project across Western Kenya, those three words are not just a slogan. They’re a lived reality, written in the hours saved, the businesses started, and the futures unlocked every time clean water flows into a community.

Water Is the First Gift

“Women and water are inseparable,” writes Jacklyne Chelagat, The Water Project’s Impact Communications Officer. “When we give water to women, we give life, good health, and empowerment.”

It sounds simple. But the ripple effects are anything but.

For communities across Kakamega, Vihiga, and beyond, the arrival of a clean water point (whether a borehole, a spring, or a rainwater harvesting tank) doesn’t just solve a logistical problem. It rewrites the terms of daily life for women and girls, giving back time, dignity, and possibility.

The Water Project gives with an
open heart and with cupped hands out front.

Jacklyne Chelagat, Impact Communications Officer

The Gift of Showing Up

Lillian Achieng’ knows this firsthand. A Field Officer with WeWaSaFo, one of The Water Project’s trusted implementing partners, Lillian traverses communities across Western Kenya ensuring that safe water reaches those who need it most.

“My joy as a woman is being fulfilled by seeing smiles that come from fellow women and children who are receiving clean and safe water,” she says. “This may look so obvious to someone who has always had easily accessible and clean water all their lives, but for these communities, this is always a dream come true.”

For Lillian, giving her time and energy also means receiving something in return. She speaks of learning beekeeping from community members, and being gifted fruits, vegetables, and honey as tokens of gratitude.

“The world is a better place when we give and keep giving, especially as women,” she reflects. “Indeed, there is so much gain when we give.” That spirit of mutual exchange is at the heart of everything The Water Project does.

Beyond the Borehole

Patience Njeri, a Field Officer working in Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) across Western Kenya, puts it plainly: giving, in this field, is never a one-way street. It is, in her words, “a calculated investment in the dignity of our sisters and the future of our daughters.”

When her team enters a community, they bring more than technical expertise. They bring presence: showing up in spaces where decisions are too often made by those who have never carried a 20-liter jerrycan on their heads. They bring advocacy: breaking the silence around menstrual hygiene so that “sanitation” isn’t just about toilets, but about a girl’s right to stay in school with her head held high. And they bring technical resilience: ensuring the infrastructure built today becomes a lasting source of life, not an abandoned promise.

“In the heart of Western Kenya, we know that water is life,” Patience writes. “But as women in WASH, we know that managed water is liberty.”

What We Gain

Patience identifies three gains she has witnessed firsthand, and each one builds on the last.

The first is time and agency. When a community receives a water point within 500 meters, mothers reclaim hours from their days, hours that become a small business, a garden, a chance to breathe. “We gain a mother who can finally start that small business because she isn’t spending four hours a day walking to the river,” she writes.

The second is health and dignity. When proper sanitation reaches a rural health clinic, families gain safer conditions for childbirth and freedom from the waterborne diseases that once drained their savings and robbed children of their health.

The third gain, and perhaps the greatest, is the next generation. When a girl in a rural primary school finally has a private, clean latrine, she can attend school every day of the month. “We gain a future doctor, engineer, or perhaps the next woman leader in water development,” Patience writes.

Taken together, her point is clear. “Giving is not a subtraction,” adds Jacklyne Chelagat. “It’s intentional multiplication.”

When You Give, We All Gain

This International Women’s Day, The Water Project celebrates every woman who gives: the field officers who show up day after day, the communities who maintain their water points, the trainers who pass on knowledge, and the donors whose generosity makes all of it possible.

Because when you give water to a woman, you don’t just change her life. You change her family. Her community. Her children’s children.

Give to Gain. Give water. Gain everything.

The post Give to Gain: How Water Changes Everything for Women first appeared on The Water Project.

We’re expanding the innovations that proved successful in 2025 to reach more communities, improve functionality, and create lasting change. Here’s what that looks like on the ground.

Borehole Adoption: Expanding Our Maintenance Reach

In 2024, we piloted a new approach to keep water flowing for communities and schools in Western Kenya. We identified 10 existing boreholes not implemented by The Water Project, boreholes without access to reliable maintenance. We brought these water points into The Water Project’s maintenance and oversight system, essentially ‘adopting’ them to ensure they stayed functional. The results? By the end of 2025, every single one remained operational.

“It’s much cheaper for everyone (community members who depend on water from hand pumps, donors, and service providers) to prevent problems before they occur,” says Spencer Bogle, Vice President of Global Programs. “By expanding affordable services to more communities and schools that depend on hand pumps, we are making water access more reliable, more cost-effective, and safer. This will help us achieve our goal of complete coverage within our Western Kenya regional program much faster.”

In 2026, we’re expanding to 20 additional boreholes. By bringing existing water points into our maintenance system, we can ensure more communities have reliable access to clean water without starting from scratch every time.

Emma Kelly, Western Kenya Program Manager, explains the broader impact: “Here at The Water Project, we know that consistent monitoring and maintenance are key to keep the water flowing for rural communities. Our Regional Service Hub is engaging with communities continuously, often providing maintenance services before breakdowns even occur. This cost-effective approach reduces downtime, prevents waterborne illness, safeguards health and livelihoods, and advances long-term regional water coverage.”

When The Water Project mapped all water sources in Western Kenya, we found 138 boreholes with hand pumps that were partially or fully functional. “Rather than letting these systems fail (or drilling new wells where viable water points already exist), we will proactively preserve these existing sources through the Adoption Program,” Kelly adds. “After engaging the community and agreeing to the terms of service, we will incorporate these hand pumps into our Water Promise program – providing water quality testing, routine monitoring, timely repairs, and hygiene and sanitation training.”

Solar-Powered Piped Water: The Future of Coverage

Since 2022, Southeast Kenya has completed three solar-powered piped water systems. These projects deliver clean water directly to multiple access points, serving entire communities with reliability and minimal environmental impact.

Strategic pre-investment makes the difference. By installing sump tanks early in the process with larger sand dam systems, we enable later upgrades to solar-powered piped water projects. Our teams are capable of identifying the right projects that can support a solar-powered piped system with enough water in the arid region of Southeast Kenya. Ninety-five percent of the projects where a sump tank was installed at construction have been upgraded with piped water. This reduces the distance many people walk to get water, makes the journey much easier, and ensures reliability from the start.

“Our Southeast Kenya program region is semi-arid, which means it is very dry for most of the year,” Bogle explains. “The most common sources of water are beneath dry riverbeds at the bottom of valleys. Solar-powered piped water is a game changer because by piping the water uphill, women and children no longer need to walk up steep paths from the riverbed with heavy water containers to get back home. Additionally, the water can be piped up to 2 kilometers, which means the community can determine the best kiosk location to reach the most people.”

(Pictured: Enock Obwon (The Water Trust WASH Technical Manager) explaining the design of the solar array at Nyakabale – Kibibira Piped Scheme.)

In 2026, we’re exploring similar systems in Uganda, with a focus on schools and healthcare facilities. These projects may take multiple years and some require co-funding partnerships, but the impact is worth it: communities gaining access to water that’s reliable, scalable, and built to last.

Making Every Project Count

Building a well solves an immediate problem. Keeping it functional solves a long-term one. Too many communities across sub-Saharan Africa have experienced the heartbreak of a broken pump and no way to fix it.

In Uganda, we’re changing that story.

In 2025, our team implemented a preventative maintenance protocol that connects Self Help Groups directly with trained hand pump mechanics. Instead of waiting for something to break, communities now have a plan, and the resources, to address small issues before they become big problems.

The results? Significant improvements in uptime and functionality. Water kept flowing. Communities stayed healthy.

“The Uganda team operates under special circumstances, as the handpump mechanics operating in the area are not employed directly by us,” notes Kelly. “Through continuous capacity-building with the local Handpump Mechanics Association, and the creation of a preventive maintenance structure, our team on the ground has improved the repair services available to all handpumps in the area, even beyond those funded by The Water Project.”

In 2026, we’re exploring how to adapt and scale this approach across our other programs, ensuring that every community we serve has the tools and support they need to protect their water for the long haul.

The post Scaling What Works: The Water Project’s 2026 Program Innovations first appeared on The Water Project.

Just months ago, these same girls spent hours each day walking to the river, hauling heavy containers of unsafe water back to school. Hours that could have gone to homework went to hauling water instead.

“My name is Sara and I’m in grade nine. I love science subjects,” Sara shares. “When I grow up I would like to be a doctor so that I can help my community and my family, especially my mother, access better healthcare.”

This week, as we celebrate the International Day of Women and Girls in Science, Sara’s dream feels possible in ways it never did before. The water well at her school hasn’t just provided clean water. It’s provided time to study, to excel, and to imagine a future where she’s not fetching water but saving lives.

Electine’s vision is equally powerful. “My name is Electine and I’m so passionate about science,” she says. “This will enable me to pursue my future career of becoming a water engineer when I grow up. Being a water engineer, I will help my community get access to clean and safe water.”

It’s a beautiful full circle: the water well that gave Electine the freedom to dream will one day inspire her to bring that same freedom to other communities.

Their teacher, Anastacia Abdala, has watched this transformation unfold. For fourteen years, she’s been mentoring girls in science at Ebulechia, but something shifted when the water arrived. “Girls can concentrate well in their studies. They no longer waste time going to fetch water in the river. I can perform science practical lessons so effectively as there is enough clean water to be used.”

Across Sub-Saharan Africa, countless girls still miss school to fetch water or stay home sick from waterborne diseases, or just drop out entirely.

At Ebulechia Primary School, that cycle broke. A reliable water source gave Sara and Electine something invaluable: time. Time to prepare, to study, and to pursue the futures they’re working toward.

When we talk about women in science, we often focus on representation in labs and leadership. But the pipeline to those achievements starts much earlier, in classrooms where girls need access to education and freedom from burdens that have nothing to do with their abilities. Clean water provides both.

This week as we reflect on International Day of Women and Girls in Science, let’s remember that the next generation of doctors, engineers, and innovators is already here. Access to clean water is just one barrier, but it’s one we can remove together.

The post From Water Fetching to Water Engineering: How One Well Changed Everything first appeared on The Water Project.

This past year has reinforced something we see time and again: lasting access to clean, reliable water is not achieved by pumps and pipes alone. It is built through trust, long-term partnership, and consistency. Reliable water begins with reliable people. When communities know that others are committed to walking alongside them—not just at the start, but over time—water systems become more than projects. They become a dependable part of daily life, supporting health, stability, and opportunity.

Across the places we serve, communities are gaining more than access to water. They are gaining confidence in it. Confidence that the water will still be flowing tomorrow, next month, and in the years ahead. That reliability changes how families plan, how schools and clinics function, and how communities imagine their future. This kind of transformation happens gradually, through patience, shared responsibility, and a steady local presence rooted in trust and accountability.

As we look toward the coming year, our vision remains clear: water every person can depend on, everywhere, without exception. It is an ambitious goal, and one we move toward by listening closely to communities, learning from experience, and staying committed even when progress takes time. This work is strongest when it is carried together—through our global network of local leaders and teams, and by donors like you who choose to invest in solutions that endure.

The days leading into a new year invite both reflection and a steady commitment to what lies ahead. There is still important work to be done, and there are still communities waiting for water they can truly count on. Your continued generosity makes it possible for us to keep showing up consistently and to build water systems that last for years to come.

Thank you for being an essential part of providing clean water to parents working to feed their families, children focusing on learning, nurses caring for their communities, and so many others. Now let us step into the new year together, in partnership, hopeful for all that we will continue to accomplish side by side.

The post A Year-End Reflection from Our President & CEO first appeared on The Water Project.

Before starting at The Water Project (TWP), I had never heard the phrase “Water is life” before. But in my first few days as a Reporting Officer way back in 2021, it showed up in the quote of an interviewee who had just received a safe water point in their community. 

It turns out that “Water is life” is a common saying where we work in Africa. And, as I was researching this article, I found that people in indigenous communities also say this phrase.

The proverb makes intuitive sense, because all living things on Earth require water. But the simplicity of the phrase also leaves it open to interpretation. 

Which is why I was so curious to reach out across our network of Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) professionals and learn their perspectives on this phrase. What does “water is life” mean to the people who bring safe, reliable water sources to others who need them every day?

We’re about to find out. 

Elvine Atsieno, Information Technology Assistant, Western Kenya:

When I hear the phrase “water is life,” it clearly reflects the work I do every day. I have seen how [a] lack of clean water brings sickness, worry, and lost hope. Especially for children and mothers. I have also seen the relief on a mother’s face and the joy in a child’s smile when safe water finally becomes available. The moment that reminded me why water matters was seeing children in school struggle because they had no clean water. Many were often sick and learning was difficult. When clean water was finally provided, change was immediate. No missing school, no falling sick, and joy was restored.

One moment that truly showed me that “water is life” was the day clean water first flowed in a community I was serving. I remember children gathering around, laughing and filling their cups, while parents watched with quiet relief. I felt a deep sense of gratitude and responsibility as I saw how something so simple could bring so much change. In that moment, I realized that clean water is not only about health; it brings dignity, joy, and hope for a better future.

When we say “water is life,” I think about all the kinds of life clean water makes possible. It brings health by preventing disease and allowing families to live without constant fear of illness. It gives time back to children who can stay in school and to parents who no longer walk long distances searching for water. Clean water creates opportunity, dignity, and joy. It allows people to focus on their dreams. To me, this is what “life” truly means: the chance to live with hope, purpose, and dignity.

Spencer Bogle, Director of Program, US:

When I hear the phrase “water is life,” I think of the W.H. Auden quote, “Thousands have lived without love, not one without water.” 

It is a constant reminder that we get to participate in helping people meet one of the most fundamental, basic requirements for life. What I love about The Water Project is that we are in a relationship with the teams in the field, and through them with the people who benefit the most from reliable access to safe water — children, grandmothers, mothers, and fathers trying to balance all of the tasks for the day, trying to care for their families. We are working to ensure that the love we have for each other is expressed through our commitment to see no one within our program regions experiences a day without safe water.

Earlier this year, we received a notification in our small town that traces of lead were identified in the water supply. As the town worked to mitigate the problem, our family was extra-cautious about using bottled water for drinking and cooking. All of a sudden, we were thinking about water. For us, it meant an extra item at the grocery store, an extra step in our daily routines. It was a minor inconvenience, but something that we had to consider for our health — and it raised questions about the quality that added to our worries of the day. Our experience pales in comparison to families that walk kilometers for water every day. It also motivates me to help build a system where people in Kenya, Uganda, and Sierra Leone don’t even think about where they will get their water or whether it is safe or not.

Humphrey Buradi, Regional Director, Western Kenya:

As a team leader in Western Kenya, I witness the phrase “water is life” daily, not as a slogan, but as a lived reality. I’ve stood with communities as clean water systems are being developed and watched the immediate shift: relief on faces, laughter where there was once uncertainty, and a quiet confidence that tomorrow will be healthier than yesterday with safe and reliable water in place. One moment that stays with me is seeing mothers fill containers from a safe source without fear, knowing their children would drink it without getting sick. In such moments, water feels less like infrastructure and more like a promise kept.

When we say “water is life,” I always think about all the life that follows access to clean water: health restored, time reclaimed, dignity protected, and opportunity made possible. In Western Kenya, clean water means children staying in school, families saving income that was once spent on medical care, and communities able to plan beyond survival. I feel great pride in leading teams who serve with integrity and commitment, and I remain humble knowing this work is bigger than any one person. It’s about partnership with communities, with donors, and with one another. Working together so that life, in all its fullness, can truly be meaningful.

Chris Carvache, Full Stack Developer, US:

A couple of years ago, in the summer, lightning hit the ground and shorted out me and my neighbors’ water pumps. We both didn’t realize this had happened until my neighbor ran out of water, and then maybe 12 hours later, we did. The IMMEDIATE shift in priorities was incredible. My neighbors had to come over to shower and use our water for cooking. When we realized that our water reserves ran out, we had to immediately go to the store to buy several gallons of water to use for essential living, which very few people in the states ever have to think about. Our mindset completely changed. We had to guide our kids through rationing our water while simultaneously diagnosing what had happened to these essential machines. We had to purchase a new water pump and install it, which was a stressful but necessary expense. For our neighbors, we had to go to the town hall, pull blueprints to FIND where their water pump was located, and then dig a 4’x4’ hole in their front lawn to expose the damaged water pump.

For 3 days, we worked on this problem together, all while taking care of the kids and juggling work. Life kept on moving despite the detour we were forced to take.

As soon as we lost access to water, fixing it instinctually became the top priority for all of us. It made me (and my neighbors) almost instantly realize that our shared problem was only a FRACTION of what the people we serve have to deal with as part of THEIR daily lives. I’m grateful for the experience as it made me eternally grateful for what we have, and offered me a way to empathize with the people we serve.

Jacklyne Chelagat, Impact Communication Officer, Western Kenya:

Someone can survive in an environment that is marked with violence, one can also survive in a place where there is no peace, but there is no one who can survive in a place without water. Just as blood is to a human body, so is water to any living organism and institution.

I have worked with The Water Project for a while, and in different capacities. During that time, I have witnessed the implementation of projects in learning institutions, health centers, churches, and in communities. Before a project is implemented, we first conduct initial surveys to assess the need for the project. While conducting these initial surveys, we meet desperate situations that symbolize lack of life, or a frustrated life, at that place. This means that assisting the people to gain access to clean and safe water also means injecting life or bringing life to a people.

The main function of a school is to transform lives and to produce individuals who are productive and fit for the society. A school that does not meet this objective is as good as dead. For instance, when we visited Khaunga Primary School before The Water Project’s intervention, the head teacher, Mr. Benson, had this to say: “As a school, we are really struggling to attain excellence in every sector. This school has got many students from the community and the biggest problem we have is water.” This is a clear indication that, without water, life is almost impossible. 

He went on to say, “Our learners are getting it rough because of lack of water. Water is life, and everybody knows that without water, there is no life.” The case of Khaunga primary school is just one among many schools that did not have life as a result of lack of water. 

After a project has been implemented, officers working with TWP visit these institutions to establish the impact of the project to the school. One thing that comes out clear is the change brought about by the availability of water. Most schools report that the school has improved in academic performance, sanitation and cleanliness, and school enrollment.

After our intervention at Khaunga Primary School, the deputy head teacher, Madam Otwisa, made these remarks: “We are now happy. My pupils will no longer waste time going to the river, my children are no longer going to be sick, the classrooms are going to be neat. We will even have enough water to sprinkle and make the grass to be green throughout. We thank The Water Project for enabling us to have plenty of water. Now, there is life in our school.” Samuel, a grade six student, had this to say, “Thank you, The Water Project, for bringing us this water. As you are aware, water is life, and by bringing water, you have brought life to us. [I] am now sure that I will fulfill my dream of becoming an engineer.”

It is impossible to run a health center without water. For many years, Khaunga Dispensary was depending on water carried by patients’ caretakers from home. Patients were going through a hard time for lack of water. Doctors and nurses were not left behind either. They talked about helping mothers during delivery using water from home. Without water, mothers are at risk of losing their newborns. In some cases, it was even difficult to get water to clean new mothers after they had delivered. 

Handwashing in that health center was unheard of, since there was no water for the same. This let one wondering whether the dispensary was addressing health issues or if it was a hazard in itself. In an interview between Stan (the president of TWP) and Robert (the nurse in charge of Khaunga Dispensary), Robert said, “Water is a problem and has been a major issue in service delivery, and, as you know, water is life. At times, we depend on rainwater, and when there is no rain there is no water. Water is everything.”

In response to this crisis, The Water Project drilled a borehole well at Khaunga Dispensary, and there is plenty of water now. We made a visit to the health facility to establish whether water had brought life. 

Robert had the following as feedback, “On behalf of the facility and the entire community, I want [to] appreciate [the] donors who funded this project. They have enabled us to have enough water, and the problem of water is now fully solved. Water is life, and water is everything in the management of the facility, and the lives of the patients in the facility. Water has really assisted us in achieving our goals as a facility. I can comfortably declare that there is sufficient water now, and there is life as well.”

The Water Project has also protected springs in the Khaunga community. Members of this community can comfortably access safe and clean water. This means that cases of waterborne diseases are no longer a topic in this community. They have enough water for domestic use. Indeed, there is life in these homes. 

Pupils are able to access clean and safe water both in primary and secondary school. Patients are able to access sufficient clean and safe water in the dispensary, and members of this community are also able to get clean water from the springs. 

This means that Khaunga Community, as a whole, has water, and therefore has life. It has life in the sense that children are healthy and will pursue their academics comfortably. In the end, Khaunga Community will be having doctors, engineers, teachers and other professionals. There is water in Khaunga, there is life in Khaunga. Water is life! 

Protus Ekesa, Executive Director, Western Kenya:

“Water is life” — as the phrase sounds, so it is. In reference to work we do in the community, schools, and healthcare facilities, we have seen practical examples of the meaning of this phrase. As we provide clean and safe water to various communities, we have seen the communities spring back to life. The water has always brought about life. 

There is this particular community in Mumias East subcounty that had literally died in terms of association and socialization. The time I went there to conduct a vetting survey, I literally felt the community had been drained of life. When the work began, I felt the community come back slowly to life. The members were able to gather together, work together, know how each other is faring on. The provision of water brought life to this community. 

In Lubinu Primary School, a school which was once vibrant in academics, sports, and other cocurricular activities had died after lacking water. When we drilled a borehole there, the school came back to life. It was the first time the school hosted ball games, drama, and so many teachers’ meetings. The school came back to its position topping in academia. The provision of water brought this school to life. Indeed, water is life. 

At Issa Spring in Elukuto Community, the plants were brought to life. The provision of water allowed the plants, which had dried, to spring back to life. Mr. Issa Matala and his family came back to life. The money that they once used to treat water-related diseases was saved, and bricks were formed and baked using the provided water. This enabled the family to come up with a modern house over their heads. Today, if you visit Issa spring, Issa’s family is full of life. 

Animals in the communities have access to clean water, the vegetation have been brought to life because of the provision of water. The institutions have been brought to life, the communities have been brought to life. 

One moment that stays with me: when we went to Khaunga Secondary School and saw the school program had been brought to a standstil, I felt like the programs had died literally. When we intervened and the school got water in the school compound, this was academics brought to life in this school, and cocurriculars brought to life. “WATER IF LIFE “.

To me, the “water is life” phrase not only applies to human beings, but speaks to the dreams that have been brought to life, visions that have been brought to life, the aspirations. Water is life, indeed.

Jacquey Kangu, Monitoring & Evaluation Lead, Western Kenya

You can own the whole world, but without water, life can be very difficult and meaningless. I remember one day, while I was carrying out a vetting survey, I came across a community that was mourning a child who had been knocked down by a car while crossing the roads in search for water. It was heartbreaking, and it disturbed me the entire season — how the search for water had just terminated great dreams. 

Surprisingly, the community members reported that, every year, people lost lives through the same way while crossing the road to get water from a spring. If water didn’t matter, members from this community would not have continued crossing the road and dying in search for water. 

Many thanks to TWP and God, who enable us to save lives through water provision. I feel humbled to report that, three years down the line, after TWP drilled a borehole for Emusoma Community, no life has been lost through the search for water. They all enjoy clean water, and whenever I visit, I meet happy faces that are filled with hopes. 

Emma Kelly, Program Manager, US:

My education was in Public Health, and I always like to remind people that health is not simply the absence of disease or ailment. Health is a state of being that comprises a person’s physical, mental, and social well-being — it includes so many things! Whether someone has purpose in their life, is living in a clean and dignified environment, or has the means to pursue their aspirations all affect their health. 

So when people say “Water is Life,” I know that it is true, because safe water access is the foundation of good health, which affects all aspects of life. Safe water protects people from disease, but also gives them the stable foundation on which they can build dignity, comfort, and joy. The known benefits of water access on education, ability to earn an income, gender equality and so many other aspects mean that a person can actually live a healthy life, instead of surviving.

Tom Murphy, Program Officer, US:

Water became a daily obsession when I lived in western Kenya, specifically in Malava, for a year. I did not have access to running water in our house. There was an open dug well on the property and a rainwater harvesting tank at our house. We had a water filter that could hold a few gallons of water at a time. It took hours for it to clean the water. We quickly learned that the water from the well was so full of mud that we had to clean the ceramic filters multiple times a day. As a result, we switched to using only the rainwater tank. 

Each morning, we filled the filter with water and went off to work, then came back and boiled the filtered water to kill off any remaining bacteria. We repeated this every single day. Forgetting meant we would have to ration water until we treated the next batch. And that was just for our drinking water. When it rained, we put buckets everywhere possible to get water from the roof to have extra for bathing, washing our clothes, and “flushing” the toilet. I went from never thinking about water because it was always there to always thinking about water because it required work and planning. It forever changed my relationship with water, and so the opportunity to work at an organization on this very issue in the same place where I lived some 15 years ago is serendipitous.

Joyce Naliaka, Program Coordinator, Western Kenya:

Every day, I am reminded of the sincere truth that “water is life” in the work we do together. Whether it’s seeing a child drink clean water for the first time, or watching a community thrive because they no longer get sick, these moments state clearly why this mission matters so deeply. 

One moment that stays with me is when I implemented a spring in a village where women and children once walked miles to search for clean water. The day their water source was completed, the joy and relief on their faces were unforgettable. I also felt so excited when one young boy approached me and said, “I can now go to school daily because we have water near our home.” 

This clearly showed that it was not just about water — it was about health, dignity, and the freedom to pursue education and dreams. That’s what “life” truly means: the ripple effect of hope and opportunity that clean water creates.

What keeps me humble is knowing how much work remains, but what fills me with pride is seeing the tangible difference we have already made. Every drop of clean water is a step towards a brighter future, and it’s an honor to be part of this journey, because together we are not just providing a resource — we are giving life.

Adelaide Nasimiyu, Training Officer Lead, Western Kenya:

When I hear the phrase “water is life,” it strongly connects to the work I do every day. Water is the foundation of health. It reflects my daily work of helping people stay healthy and live with dignity. 

What gives me pride is seeing a real improvement in people’s health and daily lives because of access to clean water. What keeps me humble is remembering the struggles a community faced before, and knowing that this impact comes from teamwork and the resilience of the people we serve, not just my efforts alone.

When we say “water is life,” life means more than just staying alive. It means health, because clean water prevents diseases and keeps families strong. It means dignity because people can bathe, cook, and live clean without shame or struggle. It means opportunity, because children can go to school instead of fetching water, and adults can work, farm, or start small businesses. 

Life means hope and peace of mind — not worrying about where the next drop of water will come from or whether it will make someone sick. In this sense, water gives people the chance to live fully, grow, and dream.

Samuel Ngidiwe, Program Officer, US:

Water is life reminds me that my work is about creating opportunities for communities without safe, clean, and reliable water to access safe, clean, and reliable water all year round. In helping to create the opportunity, I have contributed to improving health, access to education, and the economy of the communities we are serving. With access to water, I am helping people in different communities thrive. 

In 2018, the city of Cape Town’s main water supply was running low due to a severe, record-breaking drought. Had Day Zero occurred, the city of Cape Town’s local authority would have forced residents to queue at designated water collection points to receive rationed water. While the city was nearing Day Zero, there were strict water-use restrictions. However, Day Zero was averted by the saving grace of Mother Nature. 

This situation affected my day-to-day functioning, as I had to cut back on how I shower, do my laundry, and clean the dishes. The water crisis I experienced in Cape Town made me realize more of the pain and challenge people in rural areas face daily in search of clean and safe water to respond to their households’ needs. 

Clean water is essential to human life. Communities and nations cannot thrive. Clean water is the source for human and societal development. There is no sustainable development without clean water. Clean water promotes peace and harmony among people and communities. Clean water also reduces the burden of disease and boosts households’ livelihoods.

I take pride when I see water flowing at a site that had nothing yesterday, and what keeps me humble is that the success of our work is a collective effort, which cannot be attributed to one person.

Joy Ongeri, WASH Officer, Western Kenya: 

“Water is life” is not just a saying to me, but it has been evident in communities, and has a quiet truth behind every decision I make at work. I’ve seen many communities’ members walk long distances just to access water, students stop their school programs and classes to go and fetch water outside school, and the sick and medical officers in health facilities struggle just to be able to access clean water. 

Access to clean, reliable water turns daily survival into possibility. Most of the rural healthcare facilities struggle a lot when water is not present, and nurses or medics in charge are the ones who are mostly challenged with this, because care for patients requires clean water, and when water dries, [others] ridicule their work as medical personnel. 

One moment that stays with me is the day clean water finally flowed at a small rural health clinic. I watched a mother wash her hands calmly before holding her newborn, something she had never been able to do safely before. In that moment, I felt a deep sense of pride knowing that our work helped protect that fragile life, and humility in realizing how something so basic can mean everything.

Mercy Wamalwa, WASH Officer, Western Kenya:

When I hear the phrase “water is life,” I normally think of the quiet, powerful ways clean water transforms everything it touches. I have seen how reliable water source turns daily survival into possibility. How children arrive at school with a lot of energy instead of illness, how parents gain extra hours back each day once spent searching for clean and reliable water, and how dignity is restored when families can care for themselves safely. 

One moment that stays with me is watching a community gather around a new water point with laughter mixed with relief. It reminds me that water is not just a resource; it’s the foundation on which health, learning, and hope are built.

What gives me pride in this work is knowing that, whether directly or indirectly, my efforts help make life more abundant for others. And what keeps me humble is the resilience of the communities we serve, the strength they show long before help arrives, and the partnership they normally bring to every solution. Clean water creates more than health; it normally creates time, opportunity, and joyous moments. It also allows life to flourish in ways both visible and invisible. I am so grateful to be part of this mission because we believe that when clean and reliable water flows, automatically, life follows.

The post What Does “Water is Life” Mean to You? first appeared on The Water Project.

Jerry says, “Oh, that’s nice!” 

George says, “I got him Yankee tickets. He gave me a piece of paper saying, ‘I’ve given your gift to someone else!’ Don’t you see how wrong that is? Where’s your Christmas spirit?”

Rather than getting the other people in his life Christmas gifts, George invents a charity of his own — The Human Fund (slogan: “money for people”) — and gives everyone cards saying a donation has been made in their honor.

I remember watching that Seinfeld episode when I was little and feeling so mad at George. But it’s not only George I was mad at. Neither his coworkers nor his boss were excited to receive gifts made “in honor” of someone else. I hope we can all agree that the characters in Seinfeld are generally not models for decent human behavior. 

Of course, because it’s a sitcom, the plan backfires when George’s boss says he’s been directed to “throw money at” a charity and gives George a check to the Human Fund for $20,000. George’s plan is exposed, but he learns nothing, and continues being a slimeball. 

Back in June, when Christmas is usually farthest from my mind, I thought of this episode. 

When you give “in honor of” someone, who is the real recipient?

I had sent out an anonymous survey to our monthly Water Promise Circle supporters. They give to The Water Project via recurring donation plans — $5 a month, $100 a year, etc. I wanted to know more about them to tailor the content of my monthly Water Promise Circle newsletter to topics they might enjoy. 

I was marveling at everyone’s kindness and generosity and reasons for giving, my heart full, when I got to the response from Donor #20. 

“My husband started my donations as a Christmas gift! He knew that I neither needed nor wanted another sweater, so he thought of what is important to me. I have continued to support your projects! It was one of the most touching gifts I’ve ever received. ”

Reader, I cried. And I cried harder when I kept reading.

“I know that, with my small monthly donation, you are doing great things where they are needed most. Helping people thrive!” Donor #20 continued. “The newsletters and photos that I receive show the joy that clean, safe water brings to communities! Together, we are really changing lives, and I believe that, today, everyone deserves clean water!”

As soon as I finished reading, George Costanza popped into my head. 

What makes a gift meaningful?

When I was little, I felt like this time of year was magic. I thought everyone could just feel the spirit of Christmas sparkling in the air, and that was what made people so generous and selfless as the calendar counted down toward the end of each year.

But now that I’m grown, I have to create the magic myself. If I don’t hang up twinkly lights, they won’t be there to bring a soft, warm glow to my evening. If I don’t bake cookies, I won’t feel the joy of watching a loved one eat them, crumbs tumbling onto their ugly sweater. And if I don’t give gifts, I can’t hold my breath while watching someone I love grin from ear-to-ear because of something I gave them.

Even in years when I haven’t been able to hang lights or bake cookies, I’ve always given gifts. Even when people say, “I have everything I need!” or “Just bring yourself!” 

It’s the message of almost all of the holiday movies. The season of goodwill and generosity is only good and generous when we make efforts to embody those values. The magic doesn’t live in the items we give. It lives in the act itself — in the intent, in the feelings of the giver, in the anticipation of the recipient.

But it also lives in the perceived usefulness or value of the gift. And, fair warning — here’s where I brag about The Water Project a bit.

George counted on vagaries like “money for people” as being enough of a cause to sate the curiosity of anyone who received his holiday “gift.” Nowadays, he probably would set up a fake website with fake reviews to fool people. 

When Peter Chasse started The Water Project, he rallied his local community to raise money and build water sources in Africa. He wanted to make sure that everyone who helped bring the water point to life felt the impact of their generosity, so he made sure to share photos of the project with his fellow fundraisers. And when The Water Project kept growing, he decided to make that aspect of giving — seeing what a gift made possible — central to how we do things.

Seeing the impact of a gift assures its honoree that the gift mattered to the people it helped.

How do you know whether a charitable gift made in someone’s honor will matter to the honoree?

For some people, making a charitable gift in their honor will do nothing, like for George and his coworkers. But for others, giving in their honor will touch their heart — and maybe even change their life.

If you’re thinking about giving to The Water Project to honor someone in your life, it’s important to first understand that person’s values. 

Are they the conscientious type? Someone who, when they learn about the water crisis that our brothers and sisters worldwide face, would find it impossible to ignore?

Like Donor #5, for example: “For me, it was the realization that I’ve never had to think twice about turning on the faucet, letting the shower warm up, grabbing a clean cup of water to drink (and maybe leaving it half-empty on the nightstand then tossing it the next morning). Of all the things I take for granted (and there are many), that in particular really hit home for me. It feels like access to clean water is a non-negotiable starting point for a prosperous life, and I want to help make a small impact, which The Water Project has allowed me to do.”

Donor #8: “It’s simple. It’s apolitical. It’s common sense. No water, no life.”

Or maybe they have their own experiences living with water scarcity or insecurity. Many who give to The Water Project have lived that story in one way or another.

Like Donor #4, who said, “I lived in Uganda, where women and children carry water daily.”

Or Donor #7: “My grandmother was a big believer that everyone in the world should have access to clean and safe water. When she passed, I started donating in her memory.”

Donor #13: “We lost water in our house for 40 days (due to freezing temperatures), and after that experience, we vowed to always give to help someone else have access to water.”

Donor #22: “I’ve been to parts of Africa, Central America, and other places in the world and experienced firsthand the struggles many are having to just exist. I have been blessed in many ways. It is a blessing to know that by regularly sharing just a small portion of the blessings I have received, my contributions can be positively life-changing for others.”

Others spoke plainly about responsibility — about having enough, and choosing to share it.

Donor #10: “I can afford to help. I make $2,000 a month and live in my van, allowing me a little extravagance such as this.”

Donor #16: “I feel blessed to have the ability to give, and knowing that the small donation is helping someone somewhere with simply water to survive makes me very happy. To those of us that much has been given, much is expected.”

Others are motivated by preventing an unfair future, questioning what kind of world we’re building for the next generation.

Donor #15: “I chose to be part of the Water Promise Circle because I care deeply about people and the planet. Clean water shouldn’t be a one-time gift — it should be a lasting promise. Supporting long-term solutions felt like the most meaningful way to help.”

Donor# 18: “ [I] want to make a lasting impact on these communities. Just doesn’t seem right to have [girls] miss school to get water.”

Donor# 21: “God has blessed us with resources, so we strive to be generous with our money. Access to clean water was something that appealed to us and our kids. We wanted to be a part of something ongoing to see the progress we can make when partnering with others over time.”

People who care about spreading access to clean water have different stories, lives, and motivations. But again and again, they arrive at the same conclusion: humans need safe water to survive. In that sense, water is absolutely one of the most useful and valuable things you could ever give.

You won’t need to wait for shipping or track packages or wrap anything to create the magic. And your loved one will experience all the joy and delight of seeing people flourish thanks to your generosity.

Earlier, I asked who a gift like this really belongs to. And the real answer is that it belongs to the people whose lives are changed by it, to the person whose values it reflects, and to the giver who chooses something meaningful.

If this would resonate with someone in your life, making a donation in their honor can be a powerful way to show them that you see what matters to them — just like Donor #20’s husband did.

Tip: You can donate in honor of anyone by hitting any “donate” button on our website and then ticking the “Dedicate this donation” box.

The post George Costanza vs. Donor #20: Charity as a Gift first appeared on The Water Project.

But the truth is, the “haves” have been leaving our brothers and sisters in sub-Saharan Africa behind. While so many of us are waiting on in-home robot servants, people in the places we work are still struggling every single day without basic water infrastructure. 

In the communities we have not yet reached in sub-Saharan Africa, people leave home every day to collect water for their households. But they often find the only water sources available are far away, unsafe, overcrowded, or all of the above.

When people learn about this issue, a natural follow-up question for some would be: “Why don’t the people who live in sub-Saharan Africa just move?” Surely, if their governments aren’t providing necessary resources, the people of sub-Saharan Africa ought to move somewhere else, where reliable water infrastructure does exist.

Why do people live in dry areas?

About a third of the world’s total area is arid (dry) land, meaning that it has low precipitation and a high potential for water evaporation. In these places, water is scarce and precious. In the United States, about 35% of our land is considered arid or semi-arid.

Surprisingly, only 43% of the massive region of sub-Saharan Africa is considered arid or semi-arid. Therefore, 57% of people in sub-Saharan Africa should have water sources ready to use, right? 

Nothing is that simple.

Only one of our work areas — southeast Kenya — is considered semi-arid. But we also work in western Kenya, Sierra Leone, and Uganda, where water is plentiful both on the Earth’s surface and underground.

There’s a difference between physical water scarcity and economic water insecurity. In Arizona, water is scarce, but not insecure. But where we work, water is either scarce, or the average person’s ability to access safe water on a daily basis is significantly reduced.

And systems, not geography, determine whether people have safe water.

So, why don’t they just move?

Some people do move. 

But research demonstrates that the vast majority of people worldwide — over 96% — remain in their country of origin. And when Africans move, most (75%) migrate within Africa, with the majority relocating to a new place within their own country. If people grew up in the country, they may try living and working a city, or vice-versa. 

However, moving may not solve a family’s water insecurity. Water scarcity is becoming more and more prevalent as humanity struggles under the effects of climate change. 

If the entire population of sub-Saharan Africa were to somehow migrate to avoid the continent’s issues with water insecurity, as the question we’re addressing suggests they ought to do, the water supply in the new location would simply face the same stressors. 

Then, what do people do to cope with water insecurity?

Most adapt to water insecurity rather than moving. Their methods include:

• Collecting water from distant or unsafe sources (walking farther to rivers, scoop holes, dry riverbeds, or seasonal streams)
• Leaving very early in the morning or late at night to avoid long queues, or waiting for hours — and sometimes days — to collect water
• Using multiple water sources (one water source for drinking, another for cooking, another for washing, another for animals, etc.)
• Rationing water (reusing greywater for cleaning or gardens, bathing less frequently, washing clothes less often, reducing livestock water use)
• Storing and hoarding water
• Initiating rotational water access or scheduled use

Why is moving so undesirable — or downright impossible — for people in sub-Saharan Africa?

The reasons for this are complicated and vary from person to person. But one giant reason is a lack of money. 

Money

Migration — and daily life — is expensive worldwide, but especially in sub-Saharan Africa, where poverty and inequality levels remain “stubbornly high,” despite the gradual lessening of global poverty overall. 

This means the people suffering most from water scarcity are also the least able to migrate. They are trapped in place by their poverty, a concept which social scientists refer to as involuntary immobility.

Water scarcity and insecurity translate to both a lack of income and more expenses. Households lose productive time collecting water and/or must purchase water from vendors. Using unsafe water often leads to illnesses that require costly treatment — and sick family members lose more days of work and school.

Even when families without reliable safe water access can save money, that money might not stretch as far in cities or across borders. At the time of writing, one United States dollar equals 24 Sierra Leonean leone, 129.25 Kenyan shillings, and 3,570 Ugandan shillings. 

When I was in Kenya, everything felt so inexpensive to a privileged American like me, while my Kenyan coworkers talked about sky-high costs of living. For example, a bottle of water in an international Kenyan airport — a venue where the vendor monopoly means they likely charged more than usual  — cost me $2 including tax and tip. 

What seems like a meaningful savings in a rural village might end up being insufficient to support urban living, let alone a cross-border relocation. 

Community

Moving might also require leaving an established social safety net behind. 

In sub-Saharan Africa, many governments are unable (or unwilling) to provide the necessary resources for their people. This means that, rather than waiting around for government assistance that may never come, people are sometimes forced to lean on each other instead. In Kenya, for example, people often pool their funds in a concept called table banking or merry-go-’rounds. 

When I visited Kenya earlier this year, I was speaking with our Regional Director, Humphrey Buradi, about an employee’s mother’s funeral. He took out his phone and scrolled through records of hundreds upon hundreds of contributions toward the employee’s funeral costs. I told him that I felt the United States has lost that sense of community in many ways, with much of our socializing having shifted online. Humphrey asked me if I knew my neighbors, and I said I knew a few of their names but nothing else about them. He replied that he knew all of his neighbors, because in Kenya, everyone needs to depend on each other for help. If you give a gift to honor someone’s wedding or funeral one week, you may find them helping to repair your house when it burns down the next week. This exact scenario happened to one of our employees in 2023, and all of our other western Kenya team members pulled together to rebuild her house.

That’s only one anecdote, of course. But in general, extended support networks equate to communal childcare, farming labor. Leaving an area could destroy the system that would help a household survive.

Farms

One uniting thread throughout sub-Saharan Africa is farming. While the percentage of people employed in farming has been declining in recent years, about half of the population remains employed in small-scale agriculture. 

And if someone moves, they can’t take a valuable parcel of land or its crops with them.

For the people we serve, the concept of home is often tied to their crops, animals, seed varieties, familial land, and their knowledge of local soils and rainfall patterns. 

Leaving means abandoning harvests, tried and true grazing routes, and the only livelihood they’ve ever known. And with a good education being so difficult to come by in sub-Saharan Africa, breadwinners may not have any fallback plans if their farming ventures fail.

What should we ask instead?

Instead of asking why people live in places with no water, we should be asking why reliable water systems have not been built in sub-Saharan Africa yet. To which, I would respond: lots of good people are trying to build them as we speak.

In arid or semi-arid regions, the issue is complex. But even in those regions, water sources tailored to the climate can work wonders. For instance, we build sand dams along seasonal riverbeds in southeast Kenya that hold a small percentage of the river’s water in place throughout the year to sustain populations through drought or expected dry seasons that overstay their welcome.

Many places in sub-Saharan Africa actually have less physical water scarcity than the U.S. Southwest. However, what’s lacking is:

• long-term water infrastructure investment
• maintenance programs
• energy systems
• financial resilience
• political frameworks

When we build safe, reliable systems, people thrive.

How can I help?

This holiday season, we’re bringing a sand dam and protected dug well to Kasyalani, Kenya. There, Muvai and Beatrice collect water for their families, walking long distances over hilly terrain to dig into dry riverbeds for the previous rainy season’s brown, salty water. 

Muvai and Beatrice don’t lack motivation. They don’t lack resilience. They lack safe, reliable water infrastructure.

Right now, they and their neighbors are working hard. They are preparing a site for their new sand dam, hauling stone, breaking boulders into gravel, and sourcing sand, getting ready to construct the solution to their problems as a community team.

Muvai, Beatrice, and their neighbors stay in Kasyalani because it’s home — and with your help, it can become a place where safe, reliable water can finally flow.

People everywhere live in places that aren’t naturally blessed with water. The difference is means, not motivation.

With the right investments and partnerships, communities can thrive right where they are.

Please consider giving today to help bring safe, reliable, year-round water access to Muvai and Beatrice.

The post Why Do People Live Where Water Isn’t Available? first appeared on The Water Project.

When we asked her why her daily journey takes so long, she explained, “The current water points are located very far away, about three kilometres (1.86 miles) away.” 

Three kilometers may not sound far. But in Kasyalani village, those kilometers stretch over harsh, uneven land. The path dips and rises sharply, and loose stones slide beneath her feet with every step. Beatrice told us, “Walking over the rocky and steep terrain to access water is risky, and I have hurt myself several times when going to fetch water.” 

Field Officer Alex Koech, who visited the community this fall, described just how unforgiving the landscape is. “The area’s dryness and dusty nature make it difficult to navigate, especially during drought periods,” he said. “Dust can cause irritation, and the barren land offers little vegetation or shade, making long journeys to fetch water exhausting and dangerous due to heat exposure. The area is also rocky; the path to the scoop hole or the sand dam is therefore treacherous. Walking over uneven ground or sharp rocks increases the risk of injuries such as cuts, sprains, or falls, especially when carrying heavy water containers.” 

The Long Walk

The hours Beatrice spends walking and waiting give her plenty of time to imagine a different life — one where water is close by, safe to drink, and easy to collect.

Alex explained how much time and energy is lost every day across the village: “Collecting water from distant sources consumes significant time and energy, especially for women and children who are typically responsible for this task. This time could otherwise be spent on productive activities like farming, education, or income-generating work.” 

Water scarcity dictates nearly every decision for the 1,500 residents of Kasyalani. Fewer than a quarter can collect water within a thirty-minute round trip. For everyone else — including Beatrice — the walk takes much longer, especially during the worst drought months.

Alex added: “Children, particularly girls, often miss school or arrive late because they are tasked with fetching water. This affects their academic performance and reduces opportunities for long-term personal development.” 

The Scarcity of Water

Even after walking for hours, there is no guarantee water will be available when Beatrice arrives.

“We do not have enough water from the current sources because we experience adverse drought in our area,” she shared. 

Kasyalani relies on two main water sources — both inadequate. The first is a protected dug well. While cleaner than other options, it often runs low, is overcrowded, and sits far from many households. Reaching it requires navigating dangerous terrain.

The second option is a series of open scoop holes that sit much farther away. Under normal circumstances, the trip takes an hour — but during drought, it can stretch to three. Once there, families queue for another hour just to collect a small amount of salty, unsafe water.

These scoop holes are entirely exposed. Alex told us, “The water is saline with an unpleasant taste and smell.” 

The Health Crisis

The water Beatrice and her neighbors work so hard to collect often makes them sick.

Alex explained: “Drinking from the scoop hole, which is exposed to contamination from animals and dirt, has increased the risk of diseases such as diarrhea, typhoid, and cholera. These illnesses are common because water is not properly treated or stored.” 

And when drought intensifies, the consequences become even more dangerous.

“During periods of extreme water scarcity, when the scoop hole dries up and the sand dam runs low, many community members face dehydration. Long journeys to fetch water combined with limited supply leave people fatigued and prone to heat exhaustion,” Alex said. 

Children like Beatrice are particularly vulnerable. “The frequent bouts of illness from unsafe water have weakened the immune systems of those affected, making them more vulnerable to other diseases and health complications, especially in children and the elderly,” he added. 

Dreams on Hold

When we asked Beatrice how she would spend her time if she didn’t have to fetch water every day, her answer was simple and heartbreaking: “I would spend my time playing or studying.” 

Right now, that isn’t possible.

Fetching water keeps her away from her books and robs her of rest. She told us, “I spend most of my free time when at home fetching water rather than studying or revising what was taught in class.”

Still, she refuses to let go of her dreams. “I want to study hard so that I can be a doctor in future,” she said.

But the emotional weight of the daily journey grows heavier. “I feel bad because I have to walk several kilometers under the burning, arid sun looking for water.”

Beyond Water: A Community in Crisis

The water crisis doesn’t stop at drinking, cooking, or hygiene. It affects food, livestock, income, and the community’s ability to sustain itself.

Alex described the cascading effects: “Water scarcity has reduced the community’s ability to irrigate crops or sustain livestock, which directly impacts food production. This has culminated in food shortages and malnutrition.” 

Despite their efforts, the community has received no outside support from local government leaders.

Alex explained how transformational the new sand dam will be: “A sand dam stores water beneath layers of sand, which prevents evaporation and allows for year-round access. This will provide the community with a more consistent and reliable water source, even during dry periods when the scoop hole typically dries up.

“With access to cleaner water, the incidence of waterborne diseases, such as diarrhea, cholera, and typhoid, will reduce.”

For Beatrice, the biggest change is also the simplest. “The new water point will be close to my home, and I will no longer have to walk far looking for water.” 

With water nearby, the community plans to expand its tree nursery, grow vegetables, and establish kitchen gardens. As Alex shared, “The community hopes to be the best seller of tree seedlings in the area and has already set up a tree nursery. The water from the implemented project will help in sustaining this project. The community also plans on setting up vegetable farms and kitchen gardens now that they will have enough water nearby.”

For him, the human cost behind these dreams stands out most. “One of the most poignant moments during interactions with water users in the Kasyalani community was hearing from mothers who described the physical toll of walking long distances to fetch water and the anxiety of knowing that the water they collected was often unsafe,” he said. “The stories of children frequently falling ill after drinking contaminated water and how this affected their school attendance and well-being were particularly striking.”

Reclaiming Childhood, Reclaiming Dreams

For 13-year-old Beatrice, a close, reliable water source will return something she has never truly had: time.

Time to study. Time to rest. Time to play.

Time to be a child again.

Soon — with your support — her dream of becoming a doctor can move from possibility to reality. With a water source near her home, those four hours she now spends walking under the blazing sun can be returned to her future.

The people of Kasyalani are ready to build a brighter tomorrow. They just need the water to make it possible.

The post The Four-Hour Walk Stealing Beatrice’s Childhood first appeared on The Water Project.

Muvai wakes up early. She straps one water container to her back and four to her donkey. Then, she sets out across the rocky hills between her home and the nearest source of water.

“Water is a very big challenge for us because we have to fetch it from far away,” Muvai explains. “We have to wake up at dawn and return home towards midday.”

But distance is only the beginning of Muvai’s challenges.

Technically, Muvai has two water options. Her first choice would be a protected dug well, but to reach it, Muvai would need to walk around three hours one way. As a mother with crops, livestock, and household work waiting, Muvai can’t spare that precious time.

Instead, Muvai resorts to the second option: unsafe water from the riverbed. To get there, Muvai only needs to walk one hour in each direction.

But choosing the riverbed doesn’t make life easier; it simply makes the walk shorter. The dusty land of Southeast Kenya offers little shade, making Muvai’s long journeys to fetch water dangerous due to the sun’s intense heat. During droughts, some community members collapse on the way, unable to stay hydrated long enough to collect water after rationing the previous day’s serving.

Those long, dry months mean that Muvai’s river only flows with water for a few months each year. When the river disappears, she and her neighbors must dig down into the sand to reach brown, salty water left over from the last rains. 

And when locals all fetch water around the same time, as it often happens, people end up waiting to fill up their own water containers — often for around an hour, but sometimes longer. Then, collecting the actual water, one scoop at a time, eats up even more daylight.

Every day, as she walks to the river, stands in line, or kneels beside the scoop hole, Muvai wishes to be doing other things.

“If I didn’t have to spend so much time fetching water, I would conduct household chores, work on my farm, or seek casual jobs so that I could earn some money,” Muvai says.

And the time she loses is only part of the cost of water scarcity in Kasyalani.

Because these scoop holes are open to the elements and shared with animals, the water looks, smells, and tastes bad. Drinking it often makes Muvai and her fellow community members sick, affecting children and elderly community members the most. 

Unfortunately, it’s not only drinking the dirty water that hurts Muvai and her family’s health. When water is scarce, everything from hygiene to farming suffers.

Because the trip takes so long, she and her donkey can only collect water once each day. Five containers just isn’t enough water for her family, livestock, and crops. With so little water, staying clean is nearly impossible — and sickness spreads quickly when hands, dishes, and clothes go unwashed.

“Water is very crucial for me because I need it to conduct both personal and environmental hygiene,” Muvai says. “I also need it to irrigate fruit trees that I have planted at my home.”

But even making every drop count isn’t enough anymore. And as the climate shifts, even those few drops become harder to find.

The rains that used to come every year at predictable times have been late or missing in recent years. Sometimes, even the riverbed has no water. This level of scarcity severely limits the crops she is able to plant, water, tend, and harvest to feed her family. 

The lack of water in Muvai’s community steals her time and energy, hurts her farm and food supply, wastes her money on treatments for water-related illnesses, and sends her out searching day after day when there may not even be water to collect. 

Muvai has made this journey for her family every day without complaint for years. She and her farm have persevered through intense drought. But your help means she won’t have to work so hard in the future just to survive.

Together, we can bring a new water system to Muvai’s community — one especially tailored to keep water available through long dry seasons.

For Kasyalani and Muvai, we plan to build both a sand dam and a protected dug well. These two projects will work together to revitalize the local water supply and landscape. First, the sand dam will trap sand in the riverbed. The sand will hold water and store it safely underground, where it can’t evaporate.

Over time, the dam will build up more layers of sand to contain millions of liters of clean water. Our protected dug well will then tap into that reservoir. As more water stays in the area and seeps into the soil, new vegetation will grow and reinvigorate the water cycle and invite more rain. In turn, farms will revive, and the once-dry landscape will slowly transform into a lush, green stretch of life.

That future isn’t theoretical to Muvai. She’s already imagining what life could be like with water nearby.

Muvai’s Hope for the Future

By bringing water closer to Muvai, you’ll give her the time, water, energy, and good health she needs to feed herself and her family through her farm.

“I will be able to plant more trees, especially fruit trees, which will add to my family’s diet,” Muvai says. “I will also plant vegetables, and I will no longer have to go to the market to purchase vegetables.”

Let’s imagine for a moment what Muvai’s community, Kasyalani, could look like one day soon.

Your generosity would bring Muvai peaceful mornings on her farm, sipping tea and listening to birdsong. It would give her time to plant and sell tree seedlings and relief about the futures of her children and grandchildren. It would ease the strain on her body, improve her family’s nutrition, and free up money once spent on hospital visits.

That bright future starts with you. And it is more powerful, more needed, than anything you could fit under a tree this holiday season. 

The post Muvai’s Story: A Mother’s Long Walk for Water in Kenya first appeared on The Water Project.

This article provides general tax information for educational purposes. Tax laws are complex and change frequently. Consult a qualified tax professional for advice specific to your situation.

Right now, the crypto world is feeling the pain — BTC is down, timelines are full of groans, and portfolios are a sea of red. But down doesn’t mean out. In moments like this, you can turn a tough market into an opportunity for real impact, smart tax planning, and lasting change. Here’s how.

When the Market Takes a Dip, You Don’t Have To

If you’ve been in crypto for more than five minutes, you already know the emotional roller coaster: green candles, diamond hands, correction, repeat. But here’s a little-known fact even most OGs miss.

You can use both your gains and your losses to make an outsized impact, while trimming your tax bill at the same time.

That’s not just philanthropy — it’s good tax strategy.

Welcome to Down-Market Giving powered by The Water Project, where crypto meets compassion and smart financial planning.

The Big Idea: Give Smarter, Not Just More

Crypto’s tax treatment is different. The IRS views crypto as property, not currency. That means when you sell or trade, you realize a gain or loss — just like stocks or real estate.

But when you donate crypto directly to a registered charity like The Water Project, a few key advantages kick in:

• If your crypto has appreciated, you avoid capital gains tax and can deduct the full fair market value of your donation.
• If your crypto is down, you can sell, harvest the loss, and still donate the proceeds, locking in a deduction and a reset cost basis for future gains.

Either way, you come out ahead financially, ethically, and emotionally. Because while you’re optimizing your portfolio, you’re also helping communities gain access to clean, safe water.

Why Crypto Giving Works So Well

Let’s say you bought 1 ETH for $1,000 back in 2022. It’s now worth $3,000. If you sell it, you’ll owe capital gains tax — 0%, 15%, or 20% federally (depending on your income), plus any applicable state tax. That could be $400-600 gone before you ever make a gift.

But if you choose to donate that ETH to The Water Project, you owe zero capital gains tax and can still deduct the full $3,000 on your tax return (up to 30% of your adjusted gross income for appreciated property held over one year). You save on taxes and can give a larger gift at no extra cost.

Now flip the scenario: ETH is down. You bought at $3,000, and it’s worth $1,500. Instead of HODLing indefinitely and hoping for a rebound, you can sell, harvest the $1,500 loss, and donate the $1,500 proceeds. You’ll likely offset some of your other gains and still get a charitable deduction for the cash gift.

That’s smart giving. It’s 100% legal, and incredibly impactful.

Remember: To get the full deduction, hold your crypto for more than one year before donating. That way, it qualifies as long-term capital gain property, and you can deduct its full fair market value. If the token has been held one year or less, the deduction is limited to your cost basis (or the token’s fair market value if lower), not the current market value.

Why Giving to Charity is Especially Smart in Bear Markets (Like This One)

Everyone loves to give when markets are up. But it’s during downturns that strategic giving really shines.

When you’ve got unrealized losses, donating strategically allows you to:

1. Harvest capital losses to offset other taxable gains.
2. Reset your cost basis by repurchasing the asset (see important note below about wash sales).
3. Turn a market downturn into human uplift, funding clean water systems that outlast any bear market.

Important Note on Wash Sales: While the wash sale rule doesn’t currently apply to crypto (unlike stocks), be aware that selling and immediately rebuying may trigger scrutiny under the economic substance doctrine. Basically, the IRS may disallow losses if your transactions lack any economic purpose beyond reducing taxes. Consider waiting a few days between transactions to demonstrate genuine economic intent. Additionally, Congress has repeatedly proposed applying the wash sale rule to cryptocurrency. This current loophole may be closed in the future, so stay informed about current regulations.

Think of it this way: your temporary loss could become permanent good.

And when the next bull run hits (because it will), you’ll already be holding assets at a new, higher basis — with less future tax pain and more stories to tell about how your crypto literally changed lives.

The Real-World ROI: Water Is the Original Utility

Every crypto investor talks about utility: “What problem does this token solve?”

But water is humanity’s oldest and most essential utility. When you donate crypto to The Water Project:

• A single donation can fund a well, a rainwater catchment, or a borehole that provides safe water for decades.
• Clean water means kids can go to school instead of walking miles every day.
• Families stay healthy, and communities thrive.

The blockchain may be decentralized, but clean water unifies every community it touches.

How It Works 

1. Pick your crypto. We accept Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), and dozens of other tokens.
2. Choose your amount. Whether it’s 0.01 BTC or 10 ETH, every sat counts.
3. Make the donation. Use our secure crypto donation form (powered by industry-trusted partners). 
4. Get your tax receipt. We’ll issue a compliant receipt for your records.
5. Track your impact. Watch the water project you helped fund come to life. See GPS coordinates, photos of its construction, and, best of all, meet a few people whose lives will be forever changed by your kindness — and your crypto-savvy giving!

Important for larger gifts: Donations valued over $5,000 require a qualified appraisal and completion of IRS Form 8283 Section B. Many crypto donation platforms (including the one we use) can help with this process.

Pro Tip: When you give directly from your wallet, you’re giving from your portfolio’s growth, not your checking account. 

The Tax Math, Simplified

Translation: Whether you’re up or down, the tax code rewards generosity.

Note: Starting in 2025, crypto exchanges will report your transactions to the IRS via Form 1099-DA, increasing the importance of accurate tax reporting.

Giving Tips for Crypto Donors

1. Think long-term HODL… but give smart. If you’ve been holding an asset for over a year, donating it unlocks maximum tax efficiency. 

2. Down market? Don’t despair, harvest. Sell loss-position tokens, harvest the tax loss, then donate the proceeds. You’ll get two tax benefits. Wait a few days before repurchasing to demonstrate economic substance beyond just tax savings.

3. Gas fees are nothing compared to impact. Yes, there’s always a cost, but when the “cost” is clean water for hundreds, that’s alpha with purpose.

4. Use your savings to amplify your gift. You’ll often save 15–30% on taxes through smart giving. Consider rolling that savings back into your donation. It’s the easiest way to multiply your impact.

5. Be early. Don’t wait until December 31. Crypto transfers can take time, and you’ll want to lock in your deduction before the tax year closes.

6. Consider gift bunching. For 2025, individuals can gift up to $19,000 per recipient without filing a gift tax return. You might even consider gifting appreciated crypto to family members who could then make charitable donations in their own names.

Real Example: From Red Chart to Blue Water

Let’s take a realistic example.

• You bought 1 BTC at $60,000.
• Today, it’s worth $40,000.
• You sell it, realizing a $20,000 loss.
• You donate the $40,000 cash proceeds to The Water Project.

That $20,000 loss can offset other capital gains (or up to $3,000 in ordinary income per year, with excess carrying forward), and your $40,000 donation can be deductible if you itemize (though, with current tax laws set to change after 2025, many donors will be reassessing whether itemizing makes sense for larger charitable gifts in 2026). 

You’ve just turned a bear-market loss into a life-saving contribution and positioned yourself for the next bull run with a fresh cost basis.

If BTC rebounds to $80,000? You’ll owe less tax later and already know your earlier “loss” built wells, schools, and community resilience across Africa. 

Transparency Meets Trust

Crypto enthusiasts care about accountability and transparency. So do we.

• Every donation is receipted and tracked.
• Our financials are audited and public.
• You can even view the exact water projects your crypto funded.
• We accept crypto through trusted, secure partners: no shady intermediaries.

Transparency is one of our most important operating principles. You can read about how previous crypto gifts have transformed lives through initiatives like The Pineapple Fund and beyond.

Why The Water Project?

Because we believe impact should be tangible, every crypto donor receives updates about the projects they helped fund — including GPS coordinates, photos, community stories, and more — even if they choose to remain anonymous.

As one of the first nonprofits to accept Bitcoin back in 2014, we’ve successfully managed crypto donations through multiple market cycles, including a $1 million Bitcoin gift from the Pineapple Fund in 2017 that helped establish our crypto program.

We’ve been ensuring our crypto donors feel just as appreciated as our cash donors for over a decade, building our infrastructure of trust, transparency, and measurable outcomes. 

The Future of Giving Is On-Chain

Crypto started as a revolution in value transfer. But it’s becoming a revolution in values.

Crypto investors are realizing that the same decentralized tech that empowers financial freedom can also decentralize generosity. No middlemen, no borders — just impact.

Giving from your crypto portfolio is buying into something bigger than yourself. It’s taking a digital asset and turning it into something permanent, physical, and human.

Ready to Turn Your Portfolio into Purpose?

Whether you’re managing gains, harvesting losses, or just tired of staring at the charts, you can make a move today that truly matters.

Your donation — crypto, cash, or other — funds clean water, restores health, and fuels hope for entire communities.

Make your next trade one that changes lives.

The post Turn Crypto Volatility into Real Impact: How Today’s Bear Market Can Save You on Taxes and Change Lives first appeared on The Water Project.

Allison’s reflections

I have been fortunate enough to attend the UNC Water and Health Conference many times over the years. Each time I return to Chapel Hill, I am reminded why this gathering is so special. Participants from around the world gather to discuss research findings, new technologies, and emerging challenges. It’s an opportunity to connect with colleagues across the sector, learn from one another, and identify opportunities for collaboration. The energy at this conference is contagious.  

One theme that stood out to me this year was how the Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WaSH) sector is adjusting to shifts in funding. With the conclusion of USAID’s long-standing support for WaSH work around the world, the sector is adapting to navigate a new funding landscape. I greatly appreciated the opportunity to participate in sessions where experts shared their insights into what we can expect in terms of funding, monitoring requirements, and program priorities as funding continues to shift in the future. 

Catherine’s reflections

One example where we saw some evidence of a shift from small interventions to larger, system-level water solutions was in a conversation about water quality. Historically, much of the discussion about drinking water treatment has focused on filters — often for individual households. Lately, though, discussions have evolved to focus on the treatment of entire water systems, often through chlorination. This removes the burden of treatment from community members, but comes with the complexities of design and implementation. However, it also might enable rural water service providers to report operational data of interest to the new types of funders Allison mentioned, and which are used by urban utilities around the world! 

No one seems too daunted by the increased technical challenges, though. It was great to see our colleagues working together to address these complexities, all in the name of providing better service to users of rural water supply systems.

Allison’s poster presentation on protected spring management in Western Kenya: the role of water user committees (WUCs) and landowners

I had the opportunity to present a poster focused on the management of protected springs and the critical role landowners play in sustaining them. We identified ten communities with protected spring projects in Western Kenya and visited them to gain a deeper understanding of the challenges faced by their Water User Committees (WUCs), a group of volunteers who take on the day-to-day management of these water points. 

With every spring protection project, our partners work with the communities to establish WUCs. Much of our training and emphasis on water point management focuses on the WUCs, but this study revealed the significant influence landowners have on both the daily operations and long-term sustainability of these systems.

Identification of management barriers

We conducted extensive data collection with each of the ten communities that we visited. This included focus group discussions with WUCs and water users and in-depth interviews with landowners. We were able to learn more about the day-to-day management tasks that WUCs are responsible for (such as cleaning around the water point and enforcing use rules) and barriers that can make it challenging for WUCs to carry out their responsibilities effectively. We analyzed the data to identify seven key challenges facing WUCs:

• Lack of financial resources
• Access to training
• Authority to enforce rules
• Communication among stakeholders
• Clarity on roles and responsibilities
• Landowner engagement and cooperation 

The role of the landowner in spring management

Across all sites, the influence of landowners emerged as a consistent factor in spring management success. Communities with supportive landowners, those who maintained positive relationships with both the WUCs and water users, created more favorable conditions for effective and sustainable spring operation. 

However, in half of the ten communities we studied, tension between landowners and water users posed management challenges. Conflicts often arose over land use practices, such as agricultural activities that risked polluting or depleting the spring’s water resources (for example, planting fast-growing eucalyptus trees that commandeer groundwater). In several cases, disputes led landowners to prevent the WUC from carrying out essential maintenance, directly impacting the spring’s functionality and long-term sustainability.

Key findings and implications for our work with WUCs in Western Kenya

Our study revealed the key management barriers affecting the WUCs that we work with in Western Kenya and the critical role that landowners play in managing protected springs. Through this study, we saw how landowner participation can support or hinder water access. While WUCs are the designated managing body, landowners often hold more practical authority, making them essential partners in spring management. 

Despite this, our efforts to support water point managers have often focused on the WUCs, overlooking the role of landowners. We learned that changes in land ownership add additional complexity, as management systems must be designed to support changes in this role during the potentially decades-long lifespan of a protected spring. We identified a need for landowners to be considered more comprehensively during project implementation and beyond, both in management training and through the formalization of access agreements that persist beyond changes in land ownership. Doing so could help ensure more sustainable access to springs in the long term.

Catherine’s poster on the impacts of rainfall and chlorination on contamination of groundwater sources

Although The Water Project (TWP) implements what the World Health Organization calls improved water sources, the potential still exists for microbiological (bacterial) contamination to enter a water point. My poster presented our ongoing analysis of the relationship between this kind of contamination and rainfall — and how we might be able to treat it. The poster presented data from groundwater sources (boreholes and protected dug wells) in all of TWP’s program areas for the last five years.

We used water quality data we collect twice yearly at wells to explore how rainfall can affect microbiological water quality. E. coli is an indicator bacteria: a sign of contamination of a water point. This contamination can come from garbage or human and animal waste on the ground’s surface, and then be flushed into the ground (and water point) by rainfall. We found that E. coli levels are higher in our wells after periods of rain (compared to dry periods), and that this effect is more pronounced at dug wells than boreholes. This makes sense because boreholes are deeper than dug wells, and so may be less susceptible to surface contaminants.

The efficacy of shock chlorination

We also wanted to know the efficacy of shock chlorination in removing E. coli from wells. Shock chlorination involves pouring a highly concentrated chlorine solution into the water point and letting it sit to eliminate bacteria.

We compared E. coli test results collected before and after shock chlorination. We found that in our most recent rounds of shock chlorination, it was effective in reducing average E. coli prevalence by 74% at boreholes and 60% in dug wells if the water point had a positive E. coli result before shocking. Shock chlorination completely eliminated E. coli (according to follow-up tests) in 56% of those instances! 

Results of shock chlorination if E. coli was present at the initial water quality test

The importance of pairing shock chlorination with sanitary inspections

So, shock chlorination is not a perfect method of eliminating bacterial contamination, but it does improve water quality substantially. The most important step in the process, though, has nothing to do with chlorine. 

To keep water in wells safe, it’s most important to minimize any possible sources of contamination from entering the water point. This means conducting a sanitary inspection, which assesses the area surrounding the water point to identify possible sources of contamination (such as human or animal waste disposal sites) or pathways of contamination entry (such as cracks in the concrete well pad). 

Part of the process of any successful shock chlorination is a sanitary inspection, fixing any identified issues, and engaging with community members to promote the protection of the water point. Shock chlorination can eliminate bacteria that’s already in the well, but it can’t prevent bacteria from entering the water point in the future — and that’s why we need sanitary inspections and resolution. Our comprehensive approach to water quality management allows us to have much greater confidence in the safety of water at TWP groundwater sources.

Conclusion

Attending the UNC Water and Health Conference was a meaningful opportunity for us to both share our work and learn from others in the global WaSH community. The conversations and connections made in Chapel Hill help strengthen our approach, inform our programs, and ensure that we continue to improve water access and sustainability. We’re grateful for the chance to represent our partners in the field and the communities we serve, and to bring those insights back to our ongoing work.

The post Research and Reflections from the UNC Water and Health Conference 2025 first appeared on The Water Project.

But at Mawia’s school, Kyethani Secondary School, water is always scarce, expensive, contaminated, or far away. Right now, Mawia’s dream is in danger.

What makes the water at Mawia’s school so scarce?

Mawia lives in Southeast Kenya. Unlike many of The Water Project’s service areas, where water is always around but unsafe to drink, southeast Kenya is almost completely dry for around half of the year. This dire situation forces people to take advantage of the only water source around: digging down into dry riverbeds for water from the previous rainy season. 

Naturally, collecting water this way is not a pleasant experience.

“The river dries up sometimes, and the scoop holes become shallow and dirty,” Mawia explained. “The tanks at school are too small, and the rainwater doesn’t last. It makes me feel sad and hopeless because we are trying hard to learn, but water problems slow us down.”

The school serves 112 students and 14 staff members. The campus has two small rain tanks, but they inevitably run out of water soon after the last rains. With the rain tanks being so small and the walls so thin under the hot sun, the water evaporates or gets used up quickly.

“Apart from being located in a semi-arid region with limited rainfall occurrence, the small plastic tanks cannot harvest enough downpour to sustain us throughout the drought period,” said teacher Eric Kithuma. “Our school’s operations (like cooking and cleaning) as well as current student enrollment lead to a quick depletion of the little available water.”

What makes the water so expensive?

When the water within their tiny rain tanks disappears, the school’s options dwindle. The administration can send its students to fetch water from the scoop holes in the faraway Tyaa River…or spend its limited resources on water vendors, who fetch water from the same place. 

At least when the school purchases water, students can stay in class. But the water’s questionable quality remains the same no matter who does the collecting. 

Why is the water contaminated?

“The water vendors fetch water mostly from scoop holes, which are open to contamination because they are unprotected,” said Alex Koech, our Communications Officer for the area. “The water from scoop holes is not clear, [and it’s also] saline with an unpleasant taste due to [the] contamination [of] dust, animal excretions, and debris.”

“I get sick quite often,” Mawia said. “Especially during the dry seasons, when we rely on water brought by vendors. Sometimes the water looks clean, but it’s not safe, and we end up with stomachaches or diarrhea.

“There was a time last term when I drank water at school that had a strange taste,” Mawia continued. “Later that evening, I had a bad stomachache and couldn’t eat or study. I had to miss school for two days, and I felt weak and frustrated because I also missed an important lesson in biology, which is my favourite subject. They took me to the community [health center], where I was diagnosed and given drugs to quell the illness.”

Teacher Eric added more context: “During [the] last drought season, water was scarce, and learners would drink any available water in school regardless of whether it was treated or not. This led to several instances of water-related infections, and it felt bad having learners uncomfortable in class or absent altogether. I think it is a very unfortunate situation, because these learners have to compete with other students all over the country, who could be better advantaged in terms of water availability in school. When learners are sick and absent from school, it forces them to miss out on the teachers’ class lessons, leading to dismal academic performance.”

How else does the lack of water impact the students’ health?

The water’s quality is not the only factor affecting student health.

“Our staff constantly face the pressure of stretching limited water supplies to meet all needs: cleaning, drinking, cooking, and sanitation,” said Eric. “During dry periods, we have to prioritize certain uses and limit others, which can lead to tough decisions and frustration. When there’s no water, it also becomes difficult to clean classrooms, latrines, and maintain general hygiene, creating an uncomfortable and unhealthy learning environment.”

“The learning setting is unconducive due to poor hygiene, which makes it difficult to concentrate in class,” Mawia shared.

Why does water scarcity impact students’ academic success?

Even when the school purchases water from local vendors, funds are insufficient to include water for the school garden. 

Why does a school without ready access to water have a garden? The garden serves as a practical setting for teaching agriculture classes, which are a requirement of the Kenyan government’s Competency-Based Education program. But even though the school can’t afford to send vendors to the river for water, someone needs to fetch it. 

Oftentimes, Mawia is that someone. Three times a day, she is sent to fetch water for the school garden. 

“Fetching water takes [a] long [time] because we walk all the way to [the] Tyaa River to fetch water for agricultural practices, which is far from school (about 1.5 miles one way),” Mawia said. “Sometimes, we wait in line because other people are also collecting water, and we have to carry heavy jerrycans back, which slows us down and tires us out.

“The river is open and shared with animals. You never know what has gotten into the water upstream. The scooped-out sand in the scoop holes often collapses, and there have been times when some of us have fallen while trying to fill jerry cans.

“If I didn’t have to fetch water, I would use that time to revise for my exams, complete my homework, or help in the school farm in a better way. I would also have more energy to focus in class. Sometimes I arrive late to lessons or miss them completely, and that affects my performance.

“[When I fetch water], I feel exhausted and stressed. It’s heavy, it takes time, and it pulls me away from schoolwork. Sometimes, I even feel angry, because I know it’s not fair, but we don’t have another choice right now.”

Mawia is right — the situation at her school isn’t fair to the students, teachers, or parents. 

How are the students’ families affected by the water situation?

“Students are directly affected when the school runs out of rainwater and has to rely on expensive water vendors,” explained Eric. “Since the cost [of the water vendors] is shared among all learners, many families struggle to pay on time. As a result, we’re forced to send students home to remind their parents about the payments, which disrupts learning. There’s also the administrative burden of collecting water payments and handling complaints from parents, which takes time away from teaching and school planning.”

What has the school done in the past to try and fix the situation?

When the school opened in 2008, the two rain tanks on campus would have been enough for the school’s population, at least in the rainy season. But rain tanks are expensive to purchase, and even more expensive to build.

In a wealthier nation, the administration could expect help from the government to serve its students. But the government also lacks the available resources.

“The school has tried seeking help from the county government, national government, politicians, and well-wishers,” Alex explained, “but their efforts have proved futile or yielded paltry results.”

How would a new, high-capacity rainwater harvesting tank help the school?

Through The Water Project’s years working in this region, we’ve found that high-capacity rainwater harvesting tanks, built to last, are the perfect water source for schools in southeast Kenya. This is true because of the area’s hot climate and the increasingly erratic rainy seasons. 

After many months without rain, the ground around the school — and its local rivers — will become hard and impermeable. When the rains do finally arrive, some water seeps into the sand at the river’s base, but most of it washes away downstream. This annual cycle means that storing as much rainwater as possible — in a vessel that won’t allow the water to evaporate under the hot, dry sun — is the school’s best bet. 

Teacher Eric was already busy dreaming about what such a new water project would mean for his school when Alex interviewed him.

“With reliable access to safe water, students would stay in class consistently and not be sent home due to unpaid water bills,” Eric said. “The school environment would be cleaner, healthier, and more supportive of learning. Improved hygiene and access to drinking water would reduce illness and absenteeism, allowing students to focus better and achieve higher academic outcomes.

“A new 104,000-liter masonry rainwater tank would provide a more sustainable and cost-effective water supply, reduce [our] dependency on vendors, and eliminate the need to send students home over water fees. It would also allow us to focus on teaching rather than water crisis management.

“To me, water means stability, dignity, and progress. It is the foundation of a well-run school. Without it, even the best plans stall — classes are disrupted, hygiene suffers, and both students and teachers lose focus. Water enables us to provide a safe, clean, and inspiring place for students to learn and grow. It’s not just about survival — it’s about giving our students the opportunity to thrive.”

Mawia, too, expressed her excitement at the prospect of a reliable source of safe water at Kyethani Secondary School. “Fetching water takes up time that I should be in class or studying. A new water point in school will mean clean and safe water is always nearby. We won’t need to walk long distances, risk injuries, or drink unsafe water. It will also help prevent waterborne diseases and reduce school absences.”

Alex concluded: “Kyethani Secondary School has several development goals, including building more infrastructure, improving hygiene and sanitation, enhancing agriculture programs, and expanding greenery in the school compound. The new water point will be essential in achieving these goals. With adequate and reliable water, the school can maintain cleaner facilities, irrigate gardens and trees, and support practical learning in agriculture. This will create a better learning environment and promote student health, attendance, and performance.

“[Mawia’s] story reminded me that clean water doesn’t just improve health; it fuels education, dignity, and hope for a better future.”

How can I help?

In this month leading up to Giving Tuesday December 2nd, we’re raising money to fund the new rain tank at Mawia’s school — and every gift toward this goal will be matched dollar-for-dollar.

But together, contributing what we can each comfortably manage, we can change ambitious Mawia’s life forever. She will no longer waste her energy trekking back and forth to the distant Tyaa River three times per day. She will say goodbye to water-related illnesses. Instead, she will devote her time to learning how contaminated water makes people sick. And someday down the road, she will serve her community in the way she dreams of.

Will you join us in bringing Mawia’s dream to life through safe, reliable water today?

The post How Rain — and Your Generosity — Could Rewrite Mawia’s Future first appeared on The Water Project.

The rules for taxes and charitable giving in the United States are changing. A new law, nicknamed the One Big Beautiful Bill (OBBB), will take the place of the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA).

If you regularly donate to causes you care about — like bringing water to people in sub-Saharan Africa — you may wonder what this change means for you. We’ve worked to translate all of the new information to keep you informed and help you make decisions both for the 2025 and 2026 tax years.

Please note: We are not tax advisors, and this information is meant for general understanding and awareness, not financial advice. 

How did charitable gifts work before the “Big Beautiful Bill”?

When the TCJA took effect in 2018, the legislature “nearly doubled” our standard deduction (the amount of money most people can subtract from their income before being taxed). This increased standard deduction made filing taxes simpler, but it also meant fewer people could itemize their deductions, like mortgage interest — or charitable gifts.

For most people, the TCJA made the standard deduction much larger than the total of their itemized deductions. Since everyone wants to pay tax on the lowest amount possible, people naturally chose the bigger standard deduction.

This meant that, for many years, only people who gave large amounts or deducted other big expenses could see a tax benefit from their charitable giving.

How will taxing charitable donations work now?

For seniors aged 65 and older, parts of the One Big Beautiful Bill begin in the 2025 tax year, and for everyone else, most changes will take effect in 2026.

If you’re 65 or older, the bill adds a new “senior deduction” for the next few years, which allows you to deduct up to $6,000 per person or $12,000 per couple on top of your regular standard deduction. This gives retirees on fixed incomes a little more breathing room; however, higher-income seniors will see this deduction phase out as income rises.

When the OBBB begins for other donors next year, charitable giving will change for everyone.

Even if you don’t itemize your deductible expenses, everyone who files a tax return in 2026 will be able to subtract up to $1,000 (if you file alone) or $2,000 (if you file jointly) in cash gifts to charities from their taxable income each year. This means almost anyone who donates to a charity will experience some tax benefit.

2026 will also introduce a small “floor” for those who choose to itemize. So, if you do itemize your deductions, your giving will only count after it adds up to 0.5% of your income (specifically, your Adjusted Gross Income, or AGI). For example, if you earn $100,000 in 2026, the first $500 you give (.5% of your $100,000 in earnings) won’t count for a deduction, but anything above that will. 

For people with higher incomes, the new bill is less generous. Even though itemizers can still deduct large cash gifts — up to 60% of their income — the tax savings will be slightly smaller. If you’re in the highest tax bracket, you’ll now save about 35 cents in taxes for every dollar you donate, instead of about 37 cents under the current rules. 

How else might the OBBB affect my charitable giving choices moving forward?

This massive bill could affect how much of your income is taxed in some other ways, which might influence how much you (or your company) feel able to give.

Deduction for tips and overtime pay (2025–2028):

If you work in a job where you earn tips or extra pay for overtime, you may be able to deduct some of that income before it’s taxed. 

Car-loan interest deduction:

For a few years, people who buy new, U.S.-assembled vehicles may be able to deduct the interest they pay on their car loans (up to certain limits). 

Changes to the state and local tax (SALT) deduction:

The OBBB raises the cap on the amount of state and local taxes you can deduct in 2025. If you live in a high-tax state, this could change whether you choose to itemize or take the standard deduction, and that choice directly affects whether your charitable gifts count for tax purposes (until the new charitable deductions impacts occur in 2026).

Corporate giving floor:

For businesses, the new law adds a minimum giving threshold. Starting in 2026, only the portion of a company’s charitable donations that exceeds 1% of its annual income can be deducted from taxes. For example, if a company earns $1 million in a year, its first $10,000 (1%) in charitable gifts won’t be deductible, but anything beyond that amount will be.

If your company offers a gift-matching program, this rule could influence when or how those matches are made.

What does all this mean for me?

No matter your income, there are simple ways to make the most of your charitable giving now, during the upcoming holiday season, and after most of the OBBB changes take effect in 2026.

For Everyone

Starting in 2026, nearly everyone can deduct a little something from their taxable income. You will be able to deduct up to $1,000 (for individuals) or $2,000 (for couples) in cash donations even if you take the standard deduction. This change invites more people — and nonprofit organizations — to benefit from charitable gifts in 2026.

For Donors Who Itemize

If you plan to make a large gift, 2025 may be the best year to do it before the new 0.5% floor and benefit cap take effect.

You might consider “bunching,” which means combining two years of giving into one to get over the 0.5% deduction threshold that starts in 2026.

Or give appreciated assets. Donating stocks or mutual funds that have grown in value can avoid capital gains tax and still count as a deductible gift.

For Retirees 

If you’re 65 or older, don’t forget about the new senior deduction that begins this year. It lowers your taxable income before any charitable giving is even counted.

If you have a Traditional Individual Retirement Account (IRA), Qualified Charitable Distributions (QCDs) let you donate directly from your Traditional IRA so the amount isn’t counted as taxable income — and because the OBBB introduces new rules (floors, caps, senior deduction), this strategy is now even more powerful. QCDs reduce your taxable income before it even shows up on your return, so they’re not affected by the new floors or deduction caps that apply to regular charitable gifts.

If you were thinking of making a large charitable gift in the next year or two, you might consider giving part of it via QCD from your IRA before the end of 2025, as the new rules in 2026 will make itemized giving a bit tougher.

For Higher-Income Donors

The new bill lowers the top tax savings rate for charitable gifts in 2026, from 37¢ to about 35¢ per dollar. Consider making a larger gift before the end of 2025 to benefit from the current higher deduction rate.

Our Final Word

At The Water Project, we know you give because you care, not just for the tax benefits. But when the rules change, we want our donors to stay informed so they can keep making the greatest impact possible.

Tax codes change, but the benefits of gaining access to clean water are still incredible for individuals, families, communities, counties, and countries in Africa. If you’re thinking about making a difference before these new rules take effect, your gift today can change people’s lives for years to come.

The post What the “One Big Beautiful Bill” Means for Americans and Their Charitable Donations first appeared on The Water Project.

As someone who was born and raised in Kenya, I can tell you that water scarcity is very evident here in sub-Saharan Africa. Many homes and institutions are still struggling to gain access to clean and safe water. Women and children walk for long distances to fetch water every day, and some families have no option but to consume water that is dirty and contaminated. It is sad that people still lack access to clean water in this 21st century, but I am glad that The Water Project ensures that communities and institutions are accessing clean and safe water in Africa.

Some people are blessed because they have never encountered a lack of water at home or at school. A lack of access to clean water is a reality for many communities and institutions here in Kenya, and it negatively affects them. 

Growing up as a young girl, fetching water from the river was a part of me because it was one of my chores at home. I used to give fetching water early in the morning top priority before the water would get contaminated during the day. For me, contamination would mean animals drinking water from the river and other human activities around the riverbank like washing clothes, bathing, and farming. Now, I know that water from any open source is contaminated and unsafe to drink.

Growing up in western Kenya, seeing women and children searching for water was very common in the communities. And working with The Water Project made me realize that water scarcity impacts the lives of people negatively. Men, women, and children are forced to walk for long distances looking for clean and safe water, and this wastes a lot of time that they could be using to do other activities and improve their well-being. Schoolgoing children spend a lot of time looking for water, forcing them to miss classes, leading to poor performance.

Some years ago, while I was in primary school, I went to school late and I was really punished. It was not my intention to be late, but it was because we students had a lot to carry to school every day. Imagine a young girl or boy carrying water, books, and firewood to school. That was a lot for me, but I could not complain because it was our way of life. Carrying that heavy load affected me mentally, because I could not concentrate in class. This impacted my grades, but I could not do anything at that time except endure the pain and frustrations. As a young girl, I did what I was supposed to do.

I thank God that the county government of Bungoma has made efforts to pipe water to my former school recently, so the current pupils are now accessing clean and safe water. Although, the water is not sustainable, because it is only available twice a week. If the school does not store enough water during those periods, the pupils are forced to fetch water from the river. At least the pupils don’t have to carry water to school every day as I used to. And I am glad that, although my grades were not good, I promised myself to work hard, and I am happy that I have achieved my dream of becoming a social scientist.

Water scarcity makes communities and institutions less productive. Whenever a community lacks water, its members and students do not have time for themselves, but must look for water. They have no time to practice economic activities that will earn them income, but need money to pay for hospital bills because they are sick due to drinking dirty water.

I remember one day when I was working on a survey in Tengeti Community. Seeing mothers queueing for hours to fetch water and even quarreling at some point as they scrambled to fetch water made me cry. I was emotional because the women had to queue for hours to fetch water, and, at some point, they all wanted to fetch water at the same time, which led to fights. They each needed to collect several trips’ worth of water, and I realized that they were spending as much time at the spring as they were at their homes.

I remember children coming back from school to eat lunch, and they found their mothers still fetching water, unable to prepare the meal. The children took the responsibility of helping their parents fetch water while the mothers rushed home to prepare lunch. The children were carrying water one trip after the other, and I was happy that they were helping their mothers, forgetting that they were also tired from school. They all wasted a lot of time and energy fetching water. The children became late in returning to school. The questions I asked myself were, “how will the children cope in class after all they have done? I am sure that the children were tired and late for school, and their mothers are tired, too. So, who will help the other?” It dawned on me that those women had lost their dignity, because they could no longer think of themselves. Instead, all they could think about was how to fetch water and support their families.

I observed strained relationships among the community members and even the children back in school because the women would fight in the spring after queuing for hours to fetch water. The children would be affected, too, both at home and in school, because they did not get their meals on time, and they needed to assist their parents in fetching water. The teachers would discipline the children for coming to school late without understanding the struggles they went through back home. All these struggles affect the mothers and children differently.

I am happy that the community in question now has access to clean and safe water courtesy of The Water Project. But that same story is playing out all across Western Kenya, broader Kenya, and sub-Saharan Africa. What about those communities still waiting for clean water? 

Working with The Water Project for the past seven years has been a blessing to me because I am able to interact with the men, women, and children in the communities we serve every day. We not only talk about water, but also water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH). Anytime we visit a community, the people there are hopeful that The Water Project will solve their problems by providing clean water, and it has been so. 

Right now, The Water Project is focused on fully saturating Kakamega and Vihiga counties in Western Kenya with safe water sources, but I am hopeful that one day, every home and institution will have access to safe water. How will this be achieved? It’s upon all of us to support The Water Project and help those women and children who are still facing water scarcity in their communities get access to clean and safe water.

I urge any well-wisher who is out there reading my story today to support The Water Project and help us reach many other communities that are still in need. It might be through prayers, ideas, or finances, but let’s come together and give that mother and child access to clean and safe water. The Water Project cannot do it without your help. Giving a mother and a child access to clean and safe water helps the entire community and the generations to come.

The post I Grew Up Without Water: What Water Scarcity Steals from Women and Children in Sub-Saharan Africa first appeared on The Water Project.

Well, in our service areas, Global Handwashing Day is actually a big occasion. Every year, countries host well-attended Global Handwashing Day events, with speeches, dancing, tree-planting, and marching in the streets. 

Handwashing is a much bigger deal where we work than it is in the United States. In fact, on World Hand Hygiene Day in May, the National Foundation for Infectious Diseases released survey results indicating that a good portion of American adults “forget or choose not to” wash their hands when it’s most important to do so. 

The sentence that fired me up the most?

“One in five (20%) [Americans] actively choose not to wash their hands.”

— National Foundation for Infectious Diseases

I can’t say I was surprised to learn this. Often, when I use a public restroom, I hear people leaving without even stopping at the sink, or just rinsing their hands before strolling out into the store to touch every single item I would ever want to purchase. My husband shakes his head as I spray my hands and phone down with copious amounts of hand sanitizer after shopping. 

Yet, when I visited Kenya in July, I found handwashing to be a regular habit. Hand sanitizer dispensers, which I often find empty or inoperable in America, were plentiful and full. Gravity-fed handwashing stations stood guard against disease. At the one tourist attraction I visited, there were sinks and soap ready both at the entrance and the exit. Before every meal, I was reminded to wash my hands. 

Granted, I was mostly traveling alongside my colleagues, who are professionals in the Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) sector. They have absorbed the lessons of hand hygiene over and over, both from education and experience. But even so, the cultural difference was stark. 

In the United States, piped water is everywhere, and handwashing is easy. In sub-Saharan Africa, piped water is rare, and handwashing can be hard. You would think, then, that Americans would be the ones who value and revere regular handwashing — but that’s not the case.

Why don’t Americans care about washing their hands?

When I was in Kenya, I told Monicah, the nurse-in-charge at Serem Health Center (which just recently got its own safe water source!), about this handwashing survey. The astounded look on her face is one I will never forget.

“If they have water, why don’t Americans wash their hands?” she asked.

“I wish I could tell you,” I said.

According to the National Foundation for Infectious Diseases survey, the most common reason Americans don’t wash their hands when they should is forgetting (if the participants’ self-reporting can be believed). The importance of handwashing just slips our minds.

We Americans hear the “wash your hands” refrain often, and we heard it even more often during the pandemic. But for us, the consequences of forgetting or forgoing handwashing are minimal. We might get a cough, cold, or flu. We might experience poor digestion for a few days and wonder whether it was something we ate. 

Very few of us have even heard of the water-related diseases that plague people who lack safe water infrastructure. Cholera, typhoid, and dysentery don’t make headlines here because they don’t have the chance to. Americans hear “dysentery” and think about the American Civil War or Oregon Trail. In researching for this article, I even found an article written for American audiences that says dysentery “was” a disease prevalent in the 19th century. As in, past tense.

For the community members we serve in Kenya, Sierra Leone, and Uganda dysentery is not a relic of the past. It’s a disease they can only celebrate the lack of once they gain reliable safe water access.

“My second-born son fell ill in February after drinking water from this waterpoint,” said Mary Luchebeleli, who is still waiting for a safe water source in her community of Mukavakava. “He had diarrhea that contained mucus, fever, and vomiting. When I took him to the hospital, he was diagnosed with amoebic dysentery. I couldn’t understand what that meant, but the doctor explained it step by step and pointed out that the bacteria that cause it are found in contaminated water. He had to be admitted for three days because he was too dehydrated to be treated and discharged.”

For Mary and her son, only safe water, diligent hygiene (including hand hygiene!), and safely managed sanitation can prevent future hospital visits. 

Why aren’t Americans dying from water-related diseases, then?

Americans are not cleaner or more careful than those affected by waterborne and water-related diseases. Instead, our infrastructure does the hard work for us. Our water is treated, our sewage is contained, and our food systems are regulated. Even if we skip washing our hands, the germs we pass around are unlikely to find their way into our drinking water. 

In much of sub-Saharan Africa, that protective layer doesn’t exist. A single gram of human feces can contain a trillion disease-spreading germs. Without reliable plumbing or sanitation, contamination spreads easily — through water, food, and shared spaces. And fecal-oral disease is just one way unwashed hands can infect us. For the people we serve, handwashing literally means life or death.

Of course, handwashing is important no matter where you go. The Center for Disease Control, on its main handwashing awareness page, tries to scare the reader into handwashing right off with a list of fecal-oral sicknesses many of us have heard of: salmonella poisoning, E. coli infection, and norovirus. No matter how clean your tap water is, everyone needs to wash their hands.

You may skip handwashing before your own meals, but the food service worker who packaged or prepared your food (probably) didn’t. 

In the U.S., handwashing feels optional much of the time — something only enforced by nagging moms who would have to care for their kids if they got sick. 

Why handwashing is a big deal in sub-Saharan Africa

In many of the communities where The Water Project works, handwashing becomes an act of empowerment — a signal that things are finally changing with the easy availability of safe, reliable water.

When people in Africa gather for Global Handwashing Day — with parades, songs, and speeches — they’re celebrating life-saving knowledge, and the hard-earned arrival of safe water that makes hygiene possible.

Handwashing campaigns can only go so far without the infrastructure to back them up. You can’t wash your hands without water. You can’t keep them clean if the only source is contaminated.

That’s why The Water Project builds lasting water sources that make handwashing a daily possibility. Through wells, rain tanks, and hygiene training, we’re helping communities replace vulnerability with resilience.

So maybe the message this Global Handwashing Day isn’t (just) “wash your hands more.” It’s “help make handwashing possible everywhere!”

You can join us in making that possible. Support clean water and hygiene training in sub-Saharan Africa — because everyone deserves the chance to wash their hands with confidence.

The post Not Celebrating Global Handwashing Day Today? It Could Be a Sign of Your Privilege first appeared on The Water Project.

Heavy rains had eroded the soil beneath the protected spring’s stairs until, one day, the stairs collapsed. 

“The staircase that helps community members safely access the spring was severely damaged, creating a serious safety concern,” described our Director of Monitoring, Evaluation, Resolution, and Learning, Allison Gregory. “Three of the individual stairs had collapsed, and we observed significant structural damage that likely put the entire staircase at risk of further failure.”

How did this impact the community?

The breakage didn’t make fetching water impossible, but it did make the chore much harder than it had been before.

“I felt frustrated because it made accessing the water point difficult,” said 54-year-old community mother Everlyne Osinde. “I spent more time at the spring than I would have liked, taking away valuable hours that could have been used for other socioeconomic activities, such as farming.”

“Life was not easy when the stairs were broken,” Everlyne continued. “Accessing the water point became a challenge, especially during the rain when the area was slippery. It was difficult to send children to the spring, and it was unsafe for two or more people to draw water simultaneously, as this could cause further damage to the already broken stairs. The hazard of slipping and falling made it dangerous for anyone coming to collect water.”

“Damage to the stairs did not halt access to the spring water, but it made accessing water more difficult and hazardous, thereby impeding access,” Allison said. “A water user carrying multiple heavy water containers would likely have struggled to navigate these broken stairs. It’s possible that some people were even deterred from using this spring due to safety concerns.”

As soon as our team saw those broken stairs, they worked to schedule a repair as quickly as possible.

How did we fix it?

First, we asked the community members to collect locally available construction materials like large stones, gravel, sand, and bricks. We brought waterproof cement, labor, and expertise, but including the community in repairs like this helps to cultivate a sense of ownership and community among the people served by the spring. When they are all brought together with a common goal, members own their project and work together towards its sustainability.

It took about five days to schedule the repair and gather everything we needed. Then, our construction artisan arrived to clear out the old stairs. Community members first helped to lift out the chunks of old cementwork, and then schoolchildren helped bring the supplies from the local houses to the construction site. 

The artisan then laid out bricks to form the stairs and covered them in new waterproof cement. All that remained was to let them dry and cure for a few days. 

How did community members react to their newly restored water point?

“Now that the water point is functioning again, I feel incredibly happy and grateful for the restoration of the protected spring,” Everlyne said. “I can now access water with minimal challenges as the spring is easily accessible.” 

Our team members explained to Everlyne that it’s supporters like you who help repair the spring through our Water Promise. We promise to keep safe water flowing in every community we serve. The thought warmed Everlyne’s heart.

“It is humbling and a blessing to know that my community is supported by generous individuals from faraway places who engage in charitable work to improve our livelihoods,” Everlyne said. 

“I derive great satisfaction from knowing that our implementation partner has a system in place for monitoring the functionality of the projects they implement. Without the repairs, the stairs could have deteriorated further, leading to non-functionality and rendering the protected spring useless for our community. All the benefits of the protected spring would have been lost.”

“I want to express my heartfelt appreciation for the high project implementation standards that ensured our water source’s functionality,” Everlyne continued. “I also extend my gratitude for the monitoring of the implemented projects, which guarantees their continued operability. Thanks to their support, many generations will benefit from these initiatives. Their generosity is truly changing lives in our community for the better. I am extremely happy and satisfied with the current state of the water point. Thank you so much.”

Why is a repair like this one so important?

Almost 15% of water points in sub-Saharan Africa fail after one year. 25% of water points fail by their fourth year.

For us, those numbers are unacceptable.

We call our sustainability program The Water Promise because of something our founder, Peter, always says: “Broken water points are broken promises.” 

We keep our promises every time we assess a water point’s functionality, replace parts, and show up in the event of a major breakage like this one. But you are the one who helps us do it.

Please consider helping us to keep our water points working every day for moms like Everlyne, who depend on us to keep their families healthy, their children in school, and their everyday lives running smoothly. 

Right now, there are other communities waiting for urgent repairs to restore their access to safe water.

Only you can help us keep safe water flowing for families like Everlyne’s — today, tomorrow, and for years to come.

The post “Many Generations Will Benefit”: Why Repairs Like This One Matter first appeared on The Water Project.

In the mid-1990s, my husband and I moved to central Mozambique to care for orphans — we had the desire to make a difference and enough naivety to land us in a country still recovering from the ravages of a brutal 15-year civil war. Mozambique was beautiful but scarred — its roads were blown up, burned-out vehicles littered the landscape, and people carried the weight of years of suffering. Medical centers and stores were crumbling and barren, the country’s wildlife was nearly nonexistent, and the infrastructure was decimated. 

Needless to say, our first year in Mozambique was challenging, but unlike most people in the country at the time, we did not have to worry about access to clean water. We lived at an orphanage where a borehole well had been drilled just before our arrival, thanks to a generous investment from abroad. We simply took our bucket to the water tower, turned on the tap, and filled it with clean water. It was a lifeline that most people in the country did not have. 

Over the subsequent years, as we moved to other locations throughout Mozambique, we realized how vital clean water truly was to survival—and how fortunate we had been to have it previously. Without access to clean water, our daily routine became consumed with finding water. 

We used water from various sources — unprotected wells, delivered by truck from unknown sources, the rudimentary municipal system, which was sporadic at best, and bottled water when it was available. It was always a struggle. The water we consumed wasn’t guaranteed to be safe, even though we did our best to filter it, and every drop we used was accounted for and precious.

This experience gave us a new and profound gratitude for something as basic as water. The challenges our family of four faced to complete daily tasks — whether it was doing laundry, cleaning, bathing, or cooking — required significant effort that stole our time and consumed our physical and mental energy. 

We had an advantage compared to most of the people we lived near. Most did not have the luxury of owning their own means of transportation, and could not afford the costs related to water delivery, use of the municipal system, purchasing bottled water, or an expensive water filter to minimize contaminants. They not only relied on water to drink and complete their daily tasks, but they also needed it to survive, as most were subsistence farmers.

Clean water, something that many of us take for granted, is not a presumed commodity for millions of people worldwide who still feel the effects of not having it every day.

In my work as a report writer at The Water Project, I have the privilege of hearing community members’ stories from the countries where we work. When they express gratitude about their newfound access to clean water and for those who make it possible, I’m delighted, because I truly know how much of an impact it is making in their daily lives. 

“Clean water makes everything smoother — cooking, cleaning, and even enjoying a refreshing glass on a hot day feels like a gift. It’s one of those things that can be easy to take for granted, but I’m deeply grateful for it every day,” shared 56-year-old Nzula Musyoki, a resident of the Kitile Community.

For Nzula and others like him, clean water is a life-changing necessity that empowers them to lead healthier, more productive lives. 

“The best thing about living with clean water is that there is an improvement in the quality of our lives,” said Sarah Wanjala, a 28-year-old farmer in Shirugu, Kenya. 

Adama Bah, 37, of the Rotifunk Community in Sierra Leone, shared the same sentiment. “Today, with this water well, I am able to do a lot of things at home and also have more time to pay attention to my trade. Thank God for that. I’m grateful to all those who made it possible.”

When I think about our experiences in Mozambique and the challenges we faced to secure clean water, I’m reminded that water is not a given for everyone, especially those without the same privileges and opportunities. 

Now, even many years later, when we turn on a tap to fill a glass, wash our hands, do laundry, or take a shower, we are reminded of how fortunate we are to have clean water readily available. It’s easy to forget that in many parts of the world, the simple act of turning on a faucet isn’t something people can rely on; however, practicing gratitude and choosing to remember is a simple, daily practice that we can cultivate in our hearts and minds. A choice to shift our perspective and recognize the gifts we’ve been given. 

I encourage you to pause for a moment and reflect on the many gifts you have — especially the gift of clean water. I am proud to say I work for an organization that delivers that gift each and every day. 

The post The Importance of Clean Water: Reflections on My Years in Mozambique first appeared on The Water Project.

We remain in regular (at least quarterly!) contact with every community, school, and health center we serve, so it came as a surprise to discover the rain tank had stopped providing water to the school’s students. 

All we knew was that we needed to fix this situation immediately.  

The Crisis — from Junior’s Perspective

Without the tank’s regular supply of water, the school’s students were living as they had before the tank’s installation in March 2018.

Junior, a 14-year-old student, was not used to living without water on school grounds. But because the tank’s issue had yet to be reported, he spent a few weeks living out a nightmare that many students whose schools lack access to safe water suffer through every day. 

“We faced challenges, despite ongoing rainfall, because water was not entering the tank as expected,” Junior explained. “As a result, we implemented a rationing system for water usage. We felt disappointed and frustrated.” 

Junior’s frustration is understandable, given the many ways a school needs water to keep functioning. For those few weeks, most of the school’s water needs became the students’ responsibility. 

“Students had to bring water from home and from a nearby community spring,” Junior said. “This was tedious and exhausting for us, especially since we also had to carry our school bags. Balancing a container of water with a school bag made it difficult, causing many students to arrive late and miss morning remedial classes (study/tutoring periods).”

“During the day, if water was insufficient, we had to go to the partially protected spring to fetch water, and this was a daunting task for us,” Junior shared. “The partially protected spring overflows with stormwater, making it inaccessible. The water there becomes dirty, and collecting it is time-consuming.”

“This situation affected our routine cleaning schedules,” Junior continued. “We typically clean classrooms weekly and toilets daily, but limited water availability hindered these efforts. Additionally, our feeding (lunch) program, which relies heavily on water, had to adjust to the restricted supply, impacting the volume of water used in the kitchen.”

Being a student at Iyenga Primary School during this time was exhausting, frustrating, and demoralizing. 

45% of schools in sub-Saharan Africa lack even a basic source of water on school grounds. We would never let a school we serve add to that sad number. That’s why we needed to fix the rain tank as soon as we could.

What repairs did we make?

“Our field officer found the rainwater tank completely non-functional, with visible damage to both the piping system and the tap that dispenses water from the tank,” said our Director of Monitoring, Evaluation, Resolution, and Learning Allison Gregory. 

“Upon further inspection during a follow-up Operations & Maintenance visit, a trained technician identified issues with the tank’s guttering system as well. These are all issues that our team routinely addresses, but in combination, they create a significant barrier to water access.”

Because these are issues our team encounters often, the repairs themselves were straightforward.

“First, the Operations & Maintenance team repaired the damaged gutters and removed debris that could prevent water from reaching the tank,” Allison explained. “Properly maintained gutters are crucial to ensuring water availability. Since damaged gutters can leak or spill water, even minor damage can mean less water for students.” 

“Next, they repaired the pipe and tap system that dispenses water from the tank,” Allison said. “Maintaining this part of the tank ensures that students can access the water in the tank when they need it.”

After the tank was once again ready to receive rain, our technicians moved on to fixing the issues at the access point. They reinforced the tap itself so that it would be easier for the students to use and last longer. Then, they fixed some structural damage to the access point’s walls with waterproof cement as well as sand and gravel provided by the school administration. 

With that, the tank was back in working order!

After the Repair

At that point, students just needed to wait for the next rainstorm to fill  the tank, which thankfully happened almost immediately. Our team members returned to ensure water was flowing, and to snap a few photos of the repaired tank being used by some grateful students.

While our staff was at the school, they also caught up with Junior, who was now doing much better.

“We are very excited that our water point has been fully restored and is now operational again!” Junior said. “This improvement means we no longer need to fetch water from the spring, which previously exposed us to unsafe and contaminated water, posing health risks. With easy access to clean, safe, and reliable water, we can focus better on our studies. I am personally excited, as this will help me work towards my goal of becoming a teacher.”

“If this water point couldn’t be repaired, it would have serious consequences for hygiene and sanitation in the school community,” Junior continued. “Unfortunately, that could increase the risk of waterborne diseases like typhoid, dysentery, and diarrhea. These health challenges would likely lead to many children missing school, which is heartbreaking. Ultimately, this could affect our academic performance and the overall average scores of the school.”

Junior also shared a sweet message to those who donate to our Water Promise program, which helps monitor and maintain water points like Junior’s tank.

“Knowing that people from afar cared enough to donate and help restore our water point to full functionality is heartwarming,” he said. “It is a great example of how kindness and generosity can cross distances and make a real difference in other people’s lives. 

“Their support does not just fix a water point; it transforms lives. It’s about more than just access to clean water — it’s about health, education, and opportunities. By continuing to support communities like ours, they are investing in a brighter future, empowering people to thrive, and creating a lasting impact. Their kindness ripples out, touching generations to come. It’s not just about finishing a project; it’s about building a foundation for long-term change.”

As such an eloquent spokesperson, Junior will make an excellent teacher when the time comes. And thanks to our monitoring and maintenance work, he can continue to work toward that dream uninterrupted.

Because of supporters like you, Junior and his classmates can once again focus on learning instead of carrying water. But there are still countless schools and communities relying on us to keep their water points working day after day, year after year.

Your gift to our Water Promise program helps ensure quick, reliable repairs whenever something breaks — before a temporary setback becomes a lasting crisis.

Will you join us in keeping water flowing for Junior and students like him?

The post Damaged Gutters Threatened Junior’s Education. How We Brought the Water Back first appeared on The Water Project.

At The Water Project, our work has always gone beyond installing water points. From the beginning, we’ve invested in monitoring. We are transparent about that side of our work, uploading data to our website every time our team monitors a water point. This data ensures that anyone can see when each water point was monitored and whether or not it was working (or functional). We’ve invested in monitoring because success isn’t about when a well is drilled or a rainwater tank is constructed; it’s about what happens every day after. 

In recent years, our commitment to monitoring has only deepened. We have doubled down on repair and maintenance efforts and are shifting more and more of our focus to the post-implementation side of our work. In doing so, we are making an important shift: moving from building infrastructure to providing ongoing access to clean water. In other words, we’ve been working to provide reliable water service. 

To understand what that truly means, let’s unpack both reliability and service.

What does “reliable water service” mean?

For us, reliability means two things: first, water must be available when it’s needed and in sufficient quantities. Second, we must make repairs quickly when breakdowns happen — as they inevitably will — so communities aren’t left without safe water. 

Service is about responsiveness — listening when communities communicate concerns and showing up when help is needed. It means committing not only to providing access to water but also to sticking around to ensure that the water continues flowing. It’s about building trust that lasts long after the initial project is complete.   

Together, these concepts of reliability and service define our model: ensuring that communities can depend on us for long-term reliable water access. Practically speaking, what this model looks like day in and day out is ongoing data collection, data analysis, and response systems that resolve problems when identified.

How do we ensure communities can rely on their water? 

To live up to our definition of water service, we’ve developed a monitoring system that tells us what’s happening on the ground. That data drives our decisions, ensures accountability, and helps us deliver on the promise of reliability. 

We collect monitoring data at least four times each year using a combination of in-person visits and phone calls. All data is captured on a digital monitoring platform called mWater. Although we collect data on a number of indicators, measuring functionality (whether or not the water point is working) is the heart of our monitoring work and what drives our approach to reliability. 

We look at factors like 1) water availability, 2) time required to fill a 20-liter container, and 3) an inspection checklist to identify specific repairs needed. All of this data gives us a comprehensive picture of whether a water point is functional (fully working), partially functional (working but needs repair), or non-functional (not working). 

While the data itself is essential for decision-making, it’s important to note that field staff conducting monitoring visits are achieving more than data collection. Our ongoing monitoring activities have created invaluable trust with communities and schools. Providing a service is about standing with people over time, ensuring that what was built continues to meet their needs, and when we show up again and again to offer support, we are reinforcing our commitment to those values. 

Measuring and tracking functionality helps us act quickly when something goes wrong and work to ensure that water remains available and reliable. We track each water point’s performance in terms of “downtime” — when it isn’t working (non-functional) — and “uptime” — when it is (functional). These measures come directly from our regular survey reports. If a survey shows a water point is down, it stays classified that way until another survey confirms it’s back up and running. These calculations help us identify gaps in service and celebrate our teams, who work hard to keep the water flowing. For a full description of how we calculate and use these metrics, see this blog by my colleague, Catherine McManus.

What happens when our team discovers an issue?

When a water point is partially functional or non-functional, teams on the ground investigate to identify the cause and possible solutions. This is a key part of our Operations and Maintenance (O&M) work. Across our program areas in Kenya, Uganda, and Sierra Leone, the specific approaches to O&M look a little different. 

For example, our Western Kenya Regional Service Hub utilizes a dispatch model. Users call a toll-free number posted on the side of the hand pumps to report breakdowns, and mechanics are dispatched to the field for repairs.

In Uganda, we partner with a local hand pump mechanics’ (HPM) association to maintain the water points and repair them when they break down. While each approach is carefully tailored to the local context, they’re all driven by one unified goal: to get broken-down water points back up and running as quickly as possible. 

When seasonal dryness is the culprit (for example, a low water level in a protected dug well or a dry rainwater tank), a quick fix may not be available. However, we look for seasonal trends in the data and identify source types that are more sensitive to seasonal fluctuations in rainfall. The data helps us see when and where these water points are likely to fail and how we can plan to fill those gaps. While we can’t address seasonality with our O&M work, we have strived to reduce seasonal downtime through our larger programmatic strategy. 

What part does water quality testing play in our monitoring and maintenance service?

Service also means a commitment to water quality. By monitoring water quality and responding to risks, we strive to ensure that reliable access is also safe access. Our team conducts water quality tests regularly (once or twice per year). When test results indicate a water quality concern, we utilize two approaches to ensure water safety. 

The first approach is to provide proactive treatment for sources with known water quality concerns. For example, our data indicated a persistent issue with protected springs in Western Kenya, especially in the rainy season, so we’ve partnered with Evidence Action to invest in chlorine dispensers for all of our springs. Thanks to these dispensers, which make it easy to add a dose of chlorine to water containers, clean water is always within reach, regardless of the most recent water quality test results. 

The second approach is to respond with a resolution step when water quality test results indicate a problem. This is our approach for protected dug wells and boreholes across our Western Kenya and Uganda program areas. When water quality testing reveals the contamination of one of those water points, our teams on the ground follow up with a shock chlorination protocol. In Sierra Leone, we use a combination of proactive and reactive measures, such as shock chlorinating protected dug wells and boreholes both on a regular schedule and when water quality tests reveal contamination. 

Together, these proactive and responsive measures employed across our different program areas ensure that our commitment to service extends beyond keeping water flowing — it guarantees that the water communities rely on is safe.        

How do we plan for the future of our water points?

For service to last, it must also be financially sustainable. Monitoring, maintenance, and water quality testing all come with ongoing costs, and one of our greatest challenges is ensuring these costs can be covered in the long term as we add to the number of projects ensuring access to safe water. 

We have been testing out models of cost recovery that allow communities to share in service costs without creating barriers to access, but we haven’t solved this puzzle yet. By testing new approaches and learning from others in the sector, we are committed to building a model where safe, reliable water is not only delivered today, but is financially sustainable for generations to come.  

As we work toward models of local cost recovery for post-implementation service, the reality is that reliable water access today is only possible because of the generosity of donors. While we dream of a day when donor funding is only needed for the project implementation side of our work and the water service side is sustained by local investment, achieving this kind of financial sustainability is a long-term goal. 

Donor support will always be integral to our work, especially as we strive to build more financial sustainability into our program. We need donors to continue to walk with us on this journey, ensuring that communities have access to safe and reliable water now, while we strive to build a financially sustainable service model that endures for generations.  

The post How We Turn Water Points into Water Service first appeared on The Water Project.

Back in July, cracks opened in the wall of a protected spring in Elufafwa Community, Kenya.

When 30-year-old Brenda Nelisha saw the damage, her heart sank. Every day, she used that spring to provide her family with safe drinking water. Now, what would happen?

“I was very worried,” Brenda said. 

That worry reminded Brenda of nine years before. Life had been much tougher then.

“I used to collect water from a scoop hole that we had dug,” Brenda said. “The place was always overcrowded, untidy, and the quality of water was a major challenge because we shared it with domestic animals, like dogs and cattle.”

The protected spring structure had faithfully served her community since The Water Project installed it in July 2016. It improved the quality of her drinking water, and the stairs made access easier, especially in slippery wet seasons. 

Brenda remembered spending long minutes waiting in line for her turn to fetch water at the old scoop hole as her neighbors scooped water up from the ground one jugful at a time. She remembered filling her jug so carefully in hopes of avoiding sediment and algae in her drinking glass while impatient neighbors stared holes into her back.

Now, life was different. Those nine years since The Water Project installed a protected spring in Elufafwa had gifted Brenda with four beautiful children.

“I could not imagine my young children getting exposed to contaminated water,” Brenda said. 

The Repair

So, what exactly had happened to Brenda’s spring?

“A field officer identified a major crack in the spring wall during a quarterly monitoring visit in July,” explained our Director of Monitoring, Evaluation, Resolution, and Learning Allison Gregory. “The crack was severe enough to threaten the wall’s structural integrity, so the officer opened an mWater issue survey, and scheduled a repair visit.”

During the few days between the discovery of the crack and our artisans’ repair, Brenda made do. Water was still flowing from the spring’s discharge pipe, so she didn’t have to bend and scoop up water over and over. But she did have to make unwelcome adjustments to ensure her family’s good health and ease her own mind.

“My children are still young and vulnerable,” Brenda explained. “Even though we have a chlorine dispenser, I’ve had to boil drinking water just to be sure that its quality has not been compromised. I never want to gamble with the health of my children! Boiling requires extra firewood and also consumes time that would have been spent doing something else.”

Also during that interim period, Brenda’s fellow community members helped the incoming construction artisans by collecting locally available construction materials like sand and bringing them to the spring. The reason for this is twofold: it helps keep our costs of repairs down and reinforces the community’s sense of ownership for their own water point.

When the day of the repair finally arrived, our construction artisan cleared the site of any encroaching vegetation. Then, he extended the length of the discharge pipe out past where he would be working so community members could still fetch water during the repair. 

Once the prep work was done, it was time to tackle that crack in the wall.

“Our skilled artisan used cement to patch the crack, ensuring that the wall remains standing,” Allison said. “He also addressed some minor damage to the walls, collection area, stairwell, and stone pitching: the kind of wear and tear that we commonly see on older springs.”

The repair itself took time, and then the waterproof cement needed time to dry and cure. But soon, everything was ready, and it was time to remove all the repair provisions and reveal the newly repaired spring to the community members.

“If you had not shown up to repair this water point, the broken wing wall and head wall would have completely collapsed, resulting in seriously compromised water quality,” Brenda said.

Allison echoed Brenda’s concern, showing how important it was that we caught this issue early before it could further damage such a valued water point.

“If the spring had not been repaired, the crack could have led to the collapse of the spring wall, which would certainly have had implications for water access,” Allison said. “A well-maintained spring can serve communities like Elufafwa for many years, making these repair visits essential to ensuring long-term water access.”

The Return of Safe Water for Brenda and Her Family

With the spring back in working order, it meant Brenda could stop sourcing extra firewood and boiling every container of drinking water, and get back to her everyday routine. We were honored that she took our field officers around her compound for a tour to show us all the ways she uses water to keep her household running.

For Brenda, the relief was palpable.

“It is such an honor to know that there are people out there who genuinely care about my community so much so as to ensure our water point is working optimally,” Brenda shared. “For context, I would like to let you know that there is a well at the nearby primary school, but the pump keeps breaking down because nobody monitors it.”

Brenda has witnessed what happens when people build a water point, dust off their hands, and walk away patting themselves on the back for a job well done. But we at The Water Project are proud to say that, no matter how many years have passed since we’ve installed a water source, keeping safe water flowing for people like Brenda is always our top priority.

People like you are the ones who help us maintain and repair vital water sources like Brenda’s. Anyone who donates to our Water Promise program funds life-saving work like maintenance, repairs, water quality testing, and continuous research into how we can improve for future projects — and future generations.

“I will probably never meet any of the people who contribute money to ensure myself, my children, and my neighbors have access to a fully functional water point,” Brenda said. “Nevertheless, it makes me feel special and want to meet these people just to pass my gratitude to them.”

“To every donor and well-wisher out there who has given their money, no matter how little, to ensure my community and others get safe, clean and reliable water, just keep doing what you are doing,” Brenda concluded. “You have transformed many lives for the better, and you truly are appreciated for the great job you’re doing. Maybe someday I’ll get the opportunity to appreciate you in the African way.”

The post Nine Years of Safe Water Almost Washed Away — Until Help Arrived first appeared on The Water Project.

As I was growing up, going to fetch water from a partially protected spring was normal for me. It was not until I became an adult and started a family that I realized consuming contaminated water is harmful to our health. 

Our First Visit with Grace: Before Clean Water

To share with you how it feels to consume water from an unprotected source, we made a visit to Grace, a member of a local community in Western Kenya. We deliberately made our visit on the last day before our spring protection construction would commence. 

For a long time, Grace’s community got water from a partially protected spring constructed in 2008. “Partially protected” means that a structure built around a spring does not fully isolate the water from its environment.

Whenever it rained in Grace’s community, all the surface runoff would end up in the spring, making the water coming from the discharge pipe dirty. 

“Just by looking, when it rains heavy, [you can tell that] dirty water is able to infiltrate inside,” Grace said. “Whenever someone fetches water, the person will at least need to boil it or add chlorine if it is there to make it clean.” 

As a mother and a community member, Grace admits to being fully aware of the risks involving the consumption of contaminated water. But since she does not have any other option, she and her family were still forced to consume it. 

Grace informed us that her community has seen numerous cases of sickness and infections. 

“In my family, my husband fell sick after consuming this water,” Grace explained. 

“He was suffering from typhoid. I managed to take him to the hospital. I felt sad because the money I used for medication, I could have used it for other purposes: buying other things or paying school fees, rather than taking it to the hospital.” 

Having lived in this community for a long time, Grace has always had to make do with unsafe water. But even accessing the water becomes a challenge when it rains.

“Whenever it rains, the path becomes so slippery and dangerous,” Grace said. “Further, there are dangerous insects and other creatures like crabs.”

After having gone through all this, Grace was still optimistic. She hoped that one day all that would come to an end. She prayed and hoped that the water she was consuming on that last day would be her last-ever drop of dirty and contaminated water.

After Clean Water: Following Up 

Our artistans protected the spring in Grace’s community. Once it was completed, we decided to go back and capture the contrast — consuming clean water after having made do with unsafe water for so long. 

On arrival, we were welcomed by a nice-looking spring: well-constructed, fenced, with stairs and crystal clear water.

We sought an audience with Grace to hear what she had to say. 

“I am feeling so happy and full of joy,” Grace said. 

“Our former spring was in a bad state. We could drink dirty water, but now, our spring is looking so good. It’s protected. 

“Additionally, before, I boiled the water. I had to do that after my husband suffered from typhoid. I used to buy firewood, and it was costly. 

“I feel extremely good. The water is clean and very tasty. I am so grateful. My children will access clean water and have good health. The costs of boiling water will go down because we are accessing clean water.”

According to Grace, the first drop of clean water is a symbol of good health, hope, and greater things to come. 

I asked Grace if she wanted to say anything to the people who helped create this new safe water source in her community.

“I want to thank the people who sacrificed and gave their money to protect this spring,” Grace said. 

“As a mother, I am now sure that my children are safe. My grandchildren and the generations to come are also safe, since this water point will serve this community for so many years to come. May God bless them abundantly.”

Conclusion

Just like darkness disappears when light shines, diseases, danger, and wasted time vanish when clean, safe water begins to flow.

For Grace, that first drop of clean water meant health for her family, safety for her children, and hope for the future.

You can bring the first drop of clean water to another mother like Grace today.

The post The First Drop of Clean Water for Grace first appeared on The Water Project.

While many people might see photography and humanitarian work as unrelated, for our field officers, they’re inseparable. Their photos are humanitarian work: they tell stories of need, progress, and transformation. 

For us at The Water Project (TWP), photos are crucial. Photographs from the field:

• Show donors the reality of unsafe water sources and the joyful transformation once clean water flows
• Document technical details, water quality test results, and water point site conditions for our program staff
• Prove to donors and potential donors that we actually do what we say we will
• Share the changes that take place in a community once its people have had safe, reliable water for a year

What I didn’t understand until I visited Kenya in July was how much goes into every photo we receive from our local teams.

A Field Officer’s Role 

When field officers speak with community members, they serve as the face of TWP. This is a big responsibility, as they must exemplify our primary values of reliability, relationship, and trust with every interaction. 

Field officers are the first to walk into communities, listen carefully to leaders and families, and help identify the most urgent water needs. They set expectations, build trust, and guide communities through the long process of getting access to safe water. They also lead trainings in hygiene and sanitation, help establish water user committees, and document the ongoing story of each project.

An Example I Witnessed Firsthand

During my visit to Kenya, I wanted to learn how protected springs’ drainage channels work. So, my Kenyan colleagues brought me to a community where a spring was under construction.

I watched community members mixing cement by hand, others hauling bricks, stones, and sand up and down a steep hill to help the two young construction artisans. The artisans had both been interns at our Regional Service Hub before becoming water point construction artisans. Our Regional Director, Humphrey Buradi, told me about the community members who were cooking for the artisans and letting them stay in their homes. 

The entire time I watched the community members and artisans, the project’s field officer, Gladys Chepkorir, was busy, too. She was capturing construction photos for her upcoming report to the project’s donors. She was working hard — walking around and around the construction site, taking photo after photo to capture every angle, standing in piles of soil and stone just to ensure she had the best angle. 

Meanwhile, I had just barely made it down the slippery hill. 

At that moment, it struck me just how much work goes into each water point and how much collaboration it requires. A single water project requires participation from donors, American staff, local staff, local governments, and the community members themselves.

Somehow, our field officers orchestrate the entire process — with cameras around their necks. 

Time after time when I spoke to field officers in Kenya, I learned that many of them once suffered because of the water crisis and had resolved to become part of the solution. One field officer told me she used to share her bathwater with 20 other girls at her boarding school. Another recalled being forced to wait at the back of a long queue while her elders fetched water from a scoop hole, even as time ticked by and she knew she would be late to school. Our female field officers sometimes bring male colleagues along when visiting communities where women aren’t seen as leaders.

Field officers follow community members to faraway water sources just to snap a perfect photo. They drive on unpaved roads that wash out or turn into sludge after heavy rains to reach people relying on them for safe water. They mediate disagreements and land disputes. They speak kindly, even when they aren’t always met with kindness.

And they keep going, even when their work is challenging.

On this World Photography Day and World Humanitarian Day, I’m honoring our tireless field officers, who photograph the realities of the water crisis to create dignity, safety, and hope through safe, reliable water.

The post Field Officers: Amateur Photographers, Master Humanitarians first appeared on The Water Project.

This rain tank doesn’t look quite as pristine as it did when it was first constructed in 2018. The plaque with our name on it has faded to black, algae tinges the outer walls green, and rust has formed on the drawing point cover. 

But even if it’s not as aesthetically appealing as it was back then, this tank still faithfully serves hundreds of students and teachers every day. It’s a lifeline and a gateway to an educated future for every child who enrolls here.

The fact that the tank is leaking is an emergency. 

Every downed water point is an emergency. 

Once our team heard about the issue, the technicians needed a few days to gather materials and devise a repair plan. During that hectic period, 15-year-old Briton was forced to relive what he’d hoped was behind him.

“I felt so sad when our water point stopped working because I had to spend a lot of my time outside the school searching for water, as there was no alternative source available,” Briton explained.

“The need for repairs affected me psychologically because it required me to relearn how to carry water to school — something we had forgotten [how] to do. It also wasted valuable time in the evenings, as I had to go out to fetch water [for the next day], impacting my studies. We spent our precious time that we should use to play for fetching water, and this denied us the opportunity to play.”

Often, when we ask kids what their futures might look like once they have safe and reliable water, it’s hard for them to imagine. In this case, Briton knew exactly what he was missing when the tank wasn’t providing water.

But he really didn’t need the reminder of what life was like before, because he remembered all too clearly.

“Before this water point was available, we had to draw water from the river, which was very dirty,” Briton said. “During that period, waterborne diseases were prevalent in school. I definitely don’t want to return to that situation because of the negative experiences we endured.”

“Learners were compelled to leave school to search for water, often from unsafe sources,” added health teacher Lacelyne Sakwa. “This situation forced students to gather any water available, disregarding its safety, just to avoid facing punishment. Waterborne diseases were rampant during that time, causing frequent delays in school programs.”

This terrible situation is exactly what we aim to prevent by repairing water points as quickly as we can. 

The Repair

Since we constructed this tank in November 2018, our monitoring and maintenance team members have visited or called to assess the tank’s functionality 40 times. But we can’t check our water points’ functionality every day, so the students were the first to notice something was wrong.

Allison Gregory, our Director of Monitoring, Evaluation, Resolution, and Learning, gave more context about the tank’s issue. “The school noticed that the tank was emptying faster than usual and going dry within a few days following a rainstorm. This red flag helped the field officer identify the issue.”

“We had reported the issue to the health teacher, and she had promised to inform the school headteacher, and also inform [your] organization [about] the same,” Briton explained.

“We were advised to contact the organization for major issues requiring specialist attention, while minor issues like cracks could be fixed by us,” Lacelyne said. “We recognized the issue and reported it to the school headteacher, believing he would take action by arranging repairs. However, we learned that we could not address the problem ourselves due to financial constraints. Therefore, we called and reported the matter.”

Once the school reported the issue to us, our teams worked quickly to address it.

“The Operations and Maintenance team inspected the tank to determine that water was leaking through the base, an issue we refer to as seepage,” Allison said.

“Seepage depleted the water supply more quickly than usual, reducing the amount of water available for students,” Allison continued. “The school faced challenges in meeting daily water needs because it had no way of knowing how long the water would stay in the tank. Reliable access to water is crucial for sustaining a healthy, focused learning environment, so the uncertainty created by the leaky rainwater tank created a significant challenge.” 

Once the preparations were complete, our operations and maintenance team arrived to conduct the repair. 

The construction artisans used waterproof cement to patch the holes in the base of the tank where seepage was occurring. It then took a few more days for the patches to dry and cure. 

Water Flows Again

Once the repair was complete, our team members cleaned and disinfected the tank using chlorine. After, they waited for the water to replenish before treating it for safe drinking. 

Thankfully, the weather was on our side. Just two days after the repair was completed, our team members visited Kapsotik again to find the tank providing water once more.

This meant the students and school could go back to using water for all their drinking, hygiene, sanitation, and curricular needs. But even more importantly, it meant kids like Briton were back in class rather than walking long distances in search of unsafe water.

“If no one had repaired this water point, we could continue going back to [our] old ways of getting water, which are not safe,” Briton said. “I feel so excited because I will get water from within as opposed to getting it from distant places.”

“It gives me a sense of security, knowing there is someone who cares about us and our well-being,” Lacelyne added.

“We would have faced a return to water shortages at school, likely leading to an increase in waterborne and water-related illnesses due to the use of unsafe sources. The water source I rely on at school is now reliable. I feel immensely grateful, because it demonstrates that there are people who genuinely care about our health and well-being.”

At The Water Project, we care about the health and well-being of every person served by one of our water sources. That’s what we mean when we talk about our Water Promise — a pledge we make whenever we work with a community to always provide them with safe water. 

As our founder, Peter, always says: “A broken water point is a broken promise.” 

And it’s true. Building a water project in a community and then leaving them to fend for themselves for repairs is short-sighted, even if the intentions were good. 

Without our help, this repair project would have stalled when Lacelyne found out the school didn’t have the money to fix the tank themselves. Instead of just a few days without water, Briton’s entire future would have been left hanging in the balance. 

Ongoing Maintenance: Part of the Promise

Every water point we support is part of a long-term commitment that includes routine check-ins, water quality testing, and preventative maintenance. We visit regularly, spot potential issues early, and make sure every community knows they haven’t been forgotten. When something goes wrong, our field staff don’t react; they respond.

When Kapsotik’s students were fetching water from rivers and pools of brown water along the side of a road, there was no doubt their interim water supply was unsafe for drinking. Unfortunately, research shows that even one sip of contaminated water after months of safe water access can undo much of the health protection those months provided. Illnesses can return quickly, especially for children, erasing the hard-earned progress of reliable water access — and water-related infections like cholera, typhoid, and schistosomiasis can be deadly.

We couldn’t prevent that short delay when Kapsotik’s students were forced back to their old, unsafe water sources. But monitoring and maintenance mean that, as we speak, kids like Briton and teachers like Lacelyne are back to accessing safe, reliable water.

Once the water had started flowing again, we asked Briton and Lacelyne what they would say to the kind donors who helped fix their water point.

“I feel so happy and grateful to the donors for making it possible,” Briton said. “I kindly urge the donors to continue supporting projects in schools for reliability, because [the] majority of them may not be in a position to reinstate their water points when they break down because of financial constraints.”

“I would encourage them to keep supporting us and other beneficiaries because we understand that clean water is crucial for good health,” Lacelyne said. “When we have access to clean water, we can significantly minimize the impact of waterborne diseases.”

Your gift toward our Water Promise will help stop that “one sip” from happening — funding urgent repairs like this one so safe water flows fast when things go wrong.

If you sign up for recurring donations of any frequency, you’ll do something even more powerful. You’ll join the Water Promise Circle, a group of dedicated supporters whose continuous generosity fuels our repair work and fosters a sense of community and purpose.

“I chose to be part of the Water Promise Circle because I care deeply about people and the planet,” said one Water Promise Circle donor. “Clean water shouldn’t be a one-time gift — it should be a lasting promise. Supporting long-term solutions felt like the most meaningful way to help.”

We couldn’t agree more!

Whether you give once or every month, you can be part of keeping safe water flowing for schools like Kapsotik — and kids like Briton — for years to come.

The post The Day Briton’s Water Supply Ran Dry first appeared on The Water Project.

Lavender lives in Shamoni Community, where we protected Shiundu Spring back in 2021, my first year working at The Water Project as a Reporting Officer. While I’m now our Copywriter, our Reporting Officers  Andrea and Kelli still write The Water Project’s reports: community profiles, construction updates, final reports, and year-after reports.

As I wrote the final report for Lavender’s community in October 2021 (my second month on the job), I was captivated by her excitement and ingenuity despite her past struggles with water-related illnesses. 

“I had suffered from a waterborne disease that kept me out of school for several weeks,” Lavender said in 2021. “But with this reliable, clean spring water, I’ll be back in school soon and save the wasted time.”

Lavender then shared her personal dream. “It will help me start my own poultry farm. I’ll [focus on] ducks, because they love a watery environment. [This] would later even raise money for my school fees.”

I loved reading about Lavender’s dream. I remember telling Andrea about it since we shared an office back then, and then telling Tom Murphy, one of our Program Officers, who was still training me at the time.

He told me that if I wanted, our Kenyan team could return to Lavender and get more of her story. I felt guilty, like I was wasting their time just to sate my curiosity. (Since then, I’ve learned that my Kenyan coworkers are usually very eager to receive a storytelling request!) Tom reassured me, and I sent over a few interview questions for the field officer to ask Lavender and her mom, Sheila. 

I covered Lavender’s story in that year’s blog honoring the International Day of the Girl Child. 

Lavender was eight years old then, and now she’s 11. And when I met her in person, I realized why duck farming was so high on her list of priorities.

Meeting Lavender, Four Years Later

To be honest, I was a little nervous to hear that I would meet Lavender. I don’t often interact with children, especially across a language barrier, so I wasn’t sure how the conversation would go. But as we got closer, bobbing and weaving to make it across dirt roads full of puddles and ruts due to heavy rains the night before, I was more excited and less nervous. Everyone in Kenya had been so incredibly welcoming to me, and I was learning that warmth is part of their culture in receiving visitors.

We pulled up beside a little mud house with an absolutely gorgeous compound — the grass was vibrantly green and well-kept. The chairman of the water user committee, who is also Lavender’s grandfather and the community’s oldest man (a respected position), came outside to meet us, dressed in a blue suit and smiling widely. We exchanged greetings and met up with the field officer, Rose Serete, who is well-known to the people of Shamoni since she worked with them to build their water point and has checked up on them regularly since then.

Lavender’s grandfather held my hand as he guided me down the hill leading to the spring, smiling and speaking Swahili words that I didn’t understand. I heard “karibu,” which means “welcome,” so it was easy to smile back at him. I almost fell a few times, as was becoming customary in all of my downhill/uphill walking in Kenya. Still, thankfully, there was always a hand ready to steady me, which is downright symbolic, now that I’m thinking about it!

Program Manager Emma Kelly and I looked around the spring, which was in great shape except for some unimportant wear on the tiles beneath the discharge pipe. The community had been taking good care of their water point; the drainage channel was well-cleared, and the spring was immaculately clean. 

Then, finally, a young girl trotted down the hill after us — Lavender. I recognized her and her mother right away. I shook Lavender’s hand and greeted her mother, Sheila, who speaks fantastic English.

Olivia kindly translated for me as I explained to Lavender why I wished to see her. I said something like: “You must be wondering why this weird white lady is so interested in you. Your story was one of the first ones I wrote when I started this job, and you taught me the power of clean water. You showed me how, once your needs are taken care of, you can create new dreams for yourself.” 

I asked if she’d started her duck farm yet, and she said she hasn’t, but her grandfather owns many, many more ducks than he did back in 2021, so she is practicing taking care of them and still has her dream ready for when she’s older. She actually skipped school to meet with me, which I felt a little guilty about! 

After taking a picture together at the spring, we headed back up to the chairman’s house, where 20 or 30  community members had gathered to greet us, with more filtering in as we spoke.

I explained again to the rest of the community members why we had come, and they seemed very proud of Lavender — they smiled at her and sat her next to me in the circle of chairs. 

The Power of Community

Emma and I asked everyone what their lives had been like before the spring was protected, what had changed, and what their plans are for the future. Many community members gave answers we’re used to — they now have reduced water-related illnesses, more time for other tasks, and more unity among the community members. 

At one point, Lavender’s grandfather got up and spoke on behalf of his fellow community members. They teased him for the way he had responded, which made everyone laugh and led him to amend his answer to better suit the gaggle of onlookers.

One woman said she now only feeds her livestock clean water, as she noticed them getting sick from dirty water, too. She thinks their health has improved, so that when they are slaughtered, they are more nourishing to her and her family. A man said he lives downstream of the protected spring and is forming a scheme to create his own fish pond from the surplus water. 

Toward the conclusion of the meeting, Erick (a manager on our team who had been moderating and translating) asked me if I would like to say anything. I thanked the community members not only for the warm welcome, but also for the exceptional way they’re taking care of the spring and of each other. For some reason, Erick didn’t need to translate this even though he’d translated everything else; the community members started clapping immediately. Erick teasingly asked them in Swahili why he had been translating the whole time if they understood, and everyone laughed again. 

Then, something I hadn’t seen before happened. 

Lavender’s grandfather got to his feet and asked his neighbors a question; their response was to start rubbing their hands together as if they were cold or cartoon villains planning evil schemes, and they then clapped in unison three times. He gestured to Emma, and they repeated the same procedure over again. Then, he gestured to me — except this time, they clapped four times. I knew by the expressions on their faces that this was positive, but didn’t grasp the full meaning.

Later, I learned from my Kenyan coworkers about the significance of their actions. The hand-rubbing was a gesture of respect, their way of saying, “You are welcome and valued among us.” The thought makes me want to tear up, even now.

To go about life now, back in the United States…it’s been an adjustment. 

In Kenya, it’s impossible to take water for granted because so many people live without it. Every time I procured another bottle of water — from the team members, from my hotel, from a shop, or a vending machine — it became precious. A lifeline. I had to think about whether I could guzzle up the finite amount of water in that bottle whenever I was thirsty, because I didn’t know when I’d get my next one.

But I was only in Kenya for 12 days. Compared with many Kenyans’ homes, my hotel room was palatial. Comparing my low-grade mental burden while I was visiting with so many individuals’ daily water struggles feels wrong. My “burden” was hardly anything. Yet, these people — these kind, welcoming, unified people who help each other whenever things go wrong — had treated me with such respect. 

In my heart, I knew I was the one who should have been honoring them. In America, we’ve lost that sense of community that Shamoni has fostered. We’ve lost our connection to water, which is so important to humanity and to the Earth. 

The people of Shamoni used to face a lack of safe water. They asked for help from a local organization. They helped build a water point funded by donors. And now, even four years later, they’re still treating that water point with care, knowing what life was like without it. Me? I was born with piped water, and I didn’t think about the others who lacked that luxury until I joined The Water Project in 2021.

Lavender was the one who dared to dream despite her community’s water struggles. She saw her grandfather leading the community and running his own duck farm, and said, “I can do that to fund my own education!” when she was just eight years old. 

When I wrote that blog about Lavender in 2021, she said she wanted to be a teacher like her English teacher, Miss Beatrice. If Lavender keeps working hard at going to school and caring for her grandfather’s ducks, she’ll soon be able to buy her own bird(s) to keep her education going. 

Meeting the Ducks

After the gathering, Lavender walked me across the road to her family home, where her family members let all the birds out for a feeding. 

The birds gathered around Lavender, flapping their wings and making happy noises as she scattered bits of ugali on the ground for them.

To me, it doesn’t matter that these were technically her grandfather’s ducks. Having met her mother and grandfather, and spoken with the people supporting Lavender and her dreams, I know she will be able to go to school as long as she would like to. She’s surrounded by a community full of people who care about her and her future. These people no longer spend all their spare funds on medication to treat water-related illnesses. They, too, are dreaming. 

Lavender’s future is bright. And whether her dream to become a teacher changes as she grows up, if she keeps ducks or chickens or cows or nothing, I will still hold a place in my heart for her. 

After this moment, I asked Olivia to translate for me so I could speak to Lavender one more time.

“I’m sorry if I made you uncomfortable today,” I said. I had been noticing Lavender’s shyness and reticence.

But she only shook her head and smiled. 

So I went on. “I came here today because you’re special. You had a dream for your education. I hope you know that you can do it. You can become a teacher if you want. And I’m so happy I got to meet you and your family today.”

Lavender said in English: “Thank you.” It seems Miss Beatrice (her English teacher) has been doing good work!

The chairman held my hand again as we walked back to the van. He told me Shamoni is now my second home, and urged me to come back. 

Then, as we were leaving, a woman flagged our van down and handed in through the window some freshly roasted maize from her farm, which we happily devoured as we trundled over the muddy roads again. It was my first taste of maize (versus the sweet corn we have in America). It’s blander, but more fibrous, and with a bite to the kernels that I really liked.

Why Youth Need Water to Dream

I’m thinking about Lavender as we approach International Youth Day. 

Every generation scorns the next, thinking that the newest inventions ruin young people’s minds and reasoning capabilities. Heck, people in the 18th and 19th centuries thought that reading fiction would hurt the minds of the young. 

In the places we work, what really could hurt children’s minds is prematurely ending their education. As I’ve written before, staying in school in sub-Saharan Africa can be a struggle, especially for girls, whose educations aren’t always valued in the same way. Nearly a third of all children in Africa don’t complete primary school.

Lavender has access to safe, reliable water. The protection of the spring in Shamoni gave her an opportunity to dream. But there are still so many kids in the world — and in our work areas — who lack safe, reliable water. For them, holding space for dreams like finishing school or earning an income is painful. 

This International Youth Day, as we celebrate kids who dream up solutions to the world’s problems, we need to remember that kids can only strive for better lives when they have the time, health, and education to do so. 

Today, you can provide a water source that helps students follow their dreams and make the world a better place.

Lavender’s dream still shines, but it only became possible because her community no longer spends every day battling unsafe water. When you give a child access to water, you give them the gift of time, health, and possibility.

The post Lavender’s Ducks: How One Girl Taught Me the Power of Water first appeared on The Water Project.

Day six of my first trip to Kenya began before sunrise. It was time to take a break from long days of field work (visiting communities in need to hear their struggles and communities with water sources to witness their growth). You’ll be hearing about those more in later blogs!

I was traveling with three incredible Water Project team members: Program Manager Emma Kelly, also from the United States, an intrepid traveler and water expert, and our two incredible Impact Communication Officers, Jacklyne Chelagat and Olivia Bomji, both native Kenyans who’d never boarded a plane or been on safari before this trip.

Emma and I had just visited Western Kenya. We were now in Nairobi, where in two days, we would be setting out for Makueni County in Southeast Kenya to visit our work there. But, this day, the safari day, was my most-anticipated day of our visit. You’ll find out why later.

Our hotel in Nairobi afforded us a stunning view of the Nairobi National Park, where we would be headed. It’s kind of astounding that a national park can coexist right beside a national capital thrumming with human activity.

We met our safari tour guide, James, outside our hotel. As we began to drive, he introduced himself as an expert safari guide and a cultural ambassador for the nomadic Maasai tribe. The more James talked, the more I realized we couldn’t have asked for a better tour guide. He explained that the company he works for, Maniago Safaris, doesn’t just do safari tours, but is also actively involved in the park’s conservation efforts.

The first animals we spotted were gathered around a watering hole — two crocodiles and a hippo, who appeared like nothing more than tiny disturbances/lumps on the surface of the water; a group of sacred ibises; and a crane. I was already utterly enchanted.

By this time, the sun was rising over the city of Nairobi, painting the sky in pinks and oranges over the jagged highrise skyline, with wispy clouds casting shadows across the vast green expanse of the national park.

I said to everyone in the car, “This moment is incredible for me. I will remember it for the rest of my life.”

The Kenyans seemed surprised by this (they’re probably used to the beauty of their country), but Emma nodded sagely.

Next, we came upon a huge chubby rhino, whose horns looked absolutely huge in real life. It followed the safari road for a while, and all the jeeps, vans, and trucks carrying safari-watchers shadowed it, bouncing over the impossibly craggy road and driving over the grass and low bushes along its sides.

The smell of the crushed grass was sweet and citrusy, kindly masking the scent of rhino dung (which we were “fortunate” enough to watch being produced fresh!).

We reached a spot in the road where the rains had carved deep rivulets into the golden brown dirt that shook the car and our bones in equal measure.

James said, “Don’t mind the roads. They give you a Kenyan massage. Free — you don’t have to pay.” We laughed sincerely even though I could tell it’s a joke he’s told hundreds of times before.

Over the jeep’s crackly radio, rapid Swahili started up — a lion had been spotted a little farther into the park, and the caravan of spectators sped off in search of it.

As we traveled, we spotted a gaggle of ostriches far away, whose loping gait made us laugh. We scared a few iridescent blue starlings into flight, scattered another flock of speckled brown-and-white birds with comically long legs, and kicked up clouds of dust that James called, “African soap.”

I said, “For us mzungus, it’s self-tanner!”

Finally, we spotted the lone lioness perhaps thirty yards away from the road, crouched in the tall grass, her beautiful head swiveling between the cars, the city, and the park beyond. I lamented my cell phone camera’s insufficient zooming capabilities and coveted the absurdly long camera lens of a photographer in a safari van parked next to our jeep.

I wondered why the lioness was alone. I know from watching many nature documentaries growing up that animals can frequently be rejected from their prides and packs, which inexplicably breaks my heart every time I hear of such an instance. What can be more natural than animal behavior? Why am I empathizing with an animal who may not feel rejection and sadness the same way I do? But I can’t help my silly, squishy heart.

The lioness ducked down into the grass, as if she’d had enough of our human shenanigans, which commenced a mass exodus of safari vehicles. James, being the best safari guide in the world, steered us away from the others so that we were alone. Whenever I could, I stood to peek out the top of the car beneath the lifted roof, but I felt like Kilroy in comparison with the rest of the taller jeep inhabitants, with just my little hands and eyes able to make it over the roof. On the horizon, we saw a long, tall structure, which James explained was a new(ish) elevated railway between Mombasa and Nairobi. It was so long that it spanned the entire span of the Earth’s visible surface, dipping down into nothingness on either side.

“Flat-earthers be damned,” I said to Emma.

“No, they’re right,” Emma replied. “The train just crashes down into the ground on either end of the park.”

“Those poor passengers!” I joked back.

As we watched the train, Emma spotted three lionesses slinking through the bush, so far away that they looked like ants. No other cars were around; the scene was like our little secret.

“They are hunting,” James said. “Can you see their prey?”

We peered through the binoculars for a minute or two, when finally I saw flashes of white, even farther away, close to the train tracks.

“There’s somebody white out there,” I said. “Between those two tall trees, way far off.”

“White?” James said. “White and black, maybe? A zebra?”

“From here, it looks just white,” I said.

He finally saw what I was pointing out, and he said, “Oh! An ostrich. Those are the great big feathers on its wings.”

Emma was absolutely stoked to be witnessing lions on the hunt. “Go get ‘em, girls!”

“Run away, ostrich!” I said.

The animals were already so far off that eventually they became specks and then disappeared. But I have it on good authority that the ostrich escaped its attackers.

Before long, we spotted a group of three zebras munching on grass, flanked on either side by red-necked ostriches strutting around looking important. The sun rays beamed down in stark pale blue stripes, and patchy clouds filtered the light to create a perfect tableau.

“It’s like everyone’s been placed here perfectly for us,” I said.

“God’s creation,” Jackie agreed.

Then, after a while, I gasped. “The lions! They’re here!”

To the right, the same three lionesses we had spotted earlier sneaked through the grass, having apparently given up on the ostrich. The zebra’s ears pricked backward, their tails twitching and swishing. The ostriches carried on strutting, facing the opposite direction, totally oblivious.

“The zebras will warn them of the danger,” James explained. “They speak to each other.”

“Are there any other animals in the park who have a mutually beneficial relationship like that?” I asked him.

“Yes, so many,” he said. “Impalas are good at hearing, while baboons can see very far, particularly when in the trees. Baboons will call out, ‘Oo-ah! Oo-ah!’ when the lions are coming. In turn, baboons eat the dropped fruits from the impala’s feeding.”

By the time we’d finished talking, the lions knew that the zebras were onto them, so they ran off for another chance at a surprise attack later (one we didn’t get to witness — unfortunately for Emma, fortunately for me).

Our next sighting, to our delight, was a giraffe crossing the road ahead of us. A young boy, James told us. He was light in color still, though James explained he will darken as he ages. He chomped on tall leaves and watched us warily.

“Sorry to disturb your breakfast,” I said.

When the giraffe disappeared behind a bush, James drove on, but stopped almost immediately. “More of them, to the left.”

Three giraffes strolled around tall bushes, picking at the choicest leaves and branches. James explained more about the species, where they originate from, how they migrate.

“These are the Maasai giraffes, of my people,” he said. “They are even more prevalent in Masai Mara, the park in my hometown.”

“I love how they walk,” Olivia said. “Like supermodels showing off.”

“When they walk, they walk one foot after the other, like this,” James said. “But when they run, the opposite feet move in tandem to give them more speed. And when they drink, they are vulnerable — they spread their legs out so, so far. In fact, anytime their head is below their heart, it causes problems for them. Their hearts are so big and strong; it takes a lot of energy to get blood all the way to their heads.”

We each took selfies with the giraffes in the background since they didn’t seem bothered by our presence.

But of course, more safari vehicles found us and spoiled the peace of the moment, and James drove us onward.

After a few minutes, James and Emma both exclaimed. An impala had darted across the road ahead, but disappeared quickly into the bush.

“Where there is one, there are usually more,” James said. “We will see.”

Sure enough, when we pulled forward, three impalas were snacking on leaves and fruits.

“They have horns, so they are the males,” James said.

“That one has a broken horn,” Emma observed.

“Yes, that one is an old man,” James said. “He has seen many things. You see his coloring?”

Next, we happened upon a flock of many different species of birds all gathered on the sides of the road. More starlings, the long-legged ones, and a tall black-headed heron, which looked so similar to the great blue herons I’m used to seeing on the lakes in New Hampshire, and apparently they have similar habits and habitats. It felt like seeing an unexpectedly familiar face in Kenya!

Farther down the road (or in another direction — James knew exactly which roads to take, and I couldn’t tell where we had been or where we were going), we saw a whole herd of zebras — maybe twenty or thirty of them. Jackie took a video of them eating, and we sat and watched them for a while, marveling at the quiet of the park, only interrupted by birdsong.

By this time, we were close to the elephant orphanage, which was the moment I had most looked forward to during this Kenya trip. But just as we had given up on seeing anything else before we reached the entrance, we saw dozens of giraffes grouped together.

“This is crazy,” James said. “You never see so many animals in one day. Never. You girls are very lucky. Very blessed.”

We all agreed that we were as we admired the giraffes. One even loped down the safari road, slowing an oncoming jeep to a crawl as it meandered along without a care in the world.

“This one is very old,” James said, pointing out another giraffe on the left. “She has white hair.”

“Hello, grandma!” Jackie called out.

“Yes, indeed!” James laughed.

“Shikamoo!” I said (which is the Swahili greeting for respecting your elders).

Then, a funny thing happened. Two giraffes were kind of circling each other about fifteen or twenty yards away from the car.

“It is mating season,” James said. “He is pursuing her, but she isn’t sure of him yet. You see, he is begging her. ‘Please, please!’ All us men, we do this, we beg.”

Then the female stopped her dance, having made her decision.

“Oh, it’s…it’s happening?” I asked.

“Yes, it is happening,” James said. “You girls, you are very lucky. She is letting him.”

I couldn’t take my eyes off the two giraffes.

“It is very quick, like that,” James said. “Just once, and he is done.”

Jackie, Olivia, Emma, and I exchanged knowing smiles, but we didn’t make any comments.

“Oh, a baboon just crossed the road up there,” James said, driving forward. “Did you see it?”

We hadn’t, unfortunately, but it was good to have a distraction at that moment. So, we drove forward to the entrance of the Sheldrick Wildlife Trust, and I was rubbing my hands together in excitement. I have always loved elephants — how smart and wise and full of personality they are. I couldn’t wait to see the calves. James even said we could touch them.

As we waited in the line of cars sitting at the front gate, James said, “I will show you something.” He hopped out of the car, took a sharp rock, and drew a diagram in the dirt. “The elephant feeding area, it is a rectangle, like this. Most people, they will go to the left or the front. They will crowd around, and you will not be able to see. But you girls, you must go right. Not all the way here on the side, but right here.” He drew an X. “They will come out and come up to the rope, and you will touch them.”

We thanked him for the insider info as he exchanged words with a guard, whom he seemed to know well, and received our tickets. We parked and joined the throngs of people headed toward another closed gate.

“Ah, today is a very good day,” James said. “Not many people. Not too bad.”

To me, it looked like a lot of people. But of course, he is the expert, and I was grateful to be there on a Saturday and not have our experience ruined by even more people jockeying for the best views and spots.

James escorted us inside, leading us to the exact spot he had indicated as if he hadn’t already drawn us a diagram. “Right here is perfect. You will enjoy!”

We thanked him again, and he went back to wait at the car. It was some minutes before the keepers arrived, lugging a wheelbarrow full of giant baby bottles full of what turned out to be human baby formula (cow’s milk has too much fat, apparently), and then a few more minutes before someone cried out and pointed through the line of trees at the far end of the feeding area.

Flashes of brown-skinned babies, their ears flapping with every step, shone through the foliage. Then, they burst into the clearing in groups of two and three, heading straight for the branches strewn around the clearing at the edges near the ropes with their bunches of excited people. Most of the elephants were of a similar size, maybe six to seven feet tall. One was taller, maybe eight feet tall. And one, who was wearing a blue blanket over its back, was teeny-tiny, barely three feet tall.

The elephants felt around in the dirt for the branches with their wrinkly trunks, the front and back grasping together like stunted little fingers until they wrapped around the wood to bring it up to their mouths. Some did it daintily, one branch at a time, finishing chewing completely before feeling around for the next. The elephant nearest us, though, was “greedy” (as Emma pointed out), shoving branch after branch into its mouth as if it couldn’t chew or eat fast enough.

A speaker crackled to life, and one of the keepers started to speak. He asked for total silence so that the elephants would feel comfortable and stay close to the ropes. I found it easy to follow this directive, awe-stricken as I was, but people are people, and they grew louder and louder as the hour-long presentation took its course. I kept wishing he would scold them for speaking and laughing and exclaiming, but I guess if you scold the visitors, they are less likely to become donors.

The elephants ate, farted, peed, pooped, stuck their butts directly in people’s faces, blew bubbles in the little watering hole, drank from a water trough, bumped into each other, poked the keepers with their trunks, slung mud onto their backs (and onto the onlookers!) to stay cool, and wallowed in the moist dirt until they were slick and shiny with mud.

Only one came close enough for me to feel, and the texture of their skin and hair was like nothing I’ve ever felt before. The skin was so rough, almost like sandpaper, with deep creases that allow the mud to cool them for longer stretches. They had a head of hair almost like humans’, but more sparse, and also spread all over their bodies and legs. The hair was wiry and stood straight up, unyielding to my hands. I was gentle as I stroked the side and back of the elephant, looking at its long-lashed eye to make sure I wasn’t bothering it. But apparently, this was the wrong tactic, because a man to our right scratched and slapped an elephant’s side with a lot of brute force, and the elephant backed right up into the rope as if telling him to keep going.

As all this was going on, the keeper introduced each elephant in turn, though keeping track of their names and which elephant he was speaking about was impossible with all the people talking over him. But I still caught pieces of their stories — separated by human-elephant conflict, abandoned due to a lack of resources (the most prominent of which, unsurprisingly, was water), caught in a poacher’s trap, stuck in ditches and wells, struck with a poisoned poacher’s arrow, found in distress next to a dying mother. My heart broke over and over.

The keeper said that they have always been successful in reintegrating the 380-something elephants the Trust has harbored since its inception in 1977; not one has stayed, though each elephant decides on its own when it leaves for good. When they bring the animals into the wild, they call its name for it to come to bed each night. One day, the elephant won’t come to the keepers’ call. When he said this, I felt so sad — I couldn’t imagine being a keeper and saying farewell to a longtime friend like that. But the speaker said when it happens, they feel great, because they know they have done their jobs well. They never allow an elephant to be with the same keeper for too much time, or it will become attached and not want to go back to nature. That’s the way it should be done, of course. But for that reason (and because the keepers sleep on the floor with the babies throughout the night to feed them every three hours), I’m glad I’m not an elephant keeper.

The speaker said that what we’ve heard is true — elephants have excellent memories. So excellent that, when significant events happen in their lives, they will return to the Trust. When they are sick or injured. When they find their mate. When they have babies. And even just to show off new friends. When I heard this, I cried, just like I had warned Emma, Jackie, and Olivia I would. But thankfully, I don’t think anyone saw me. It just touched my heart so much to hear that the elephants trusted their humans despite all the terrible things humans continue to do to elephants and wildlife. They know that not all humans are the same.

In fact, when the keeper opened up the presentation for questions, I raised my hand and asked what elephants think about humans. For some reason, a lot of people chuckled at this. But the keeper had made eye contact with me a lot during the presentation, probably because I was so intent on his words and nodding along with everything he said, and he seemed to understand. He said, “Elephants are smart. They are like us. They can read your heart and tell whether you have good intentions toward them.”

All too soon, the presentation was over; the elephants went back to their pens, and we were all funneled to the gift shop, where I bought a t-shirt that ended up being far too small (Kenyan clothing sizes are not the same as American ones — it’s now a present for my husband) and a pack of notecards, with which I wrote farewell letters to Emma, Jackie, and Olivia.

From there, we went to lunch. Instead of going to the usual restaurant that was listed on our itinerary, James said, “You are very special ladies. I would like to take you to Matbronze instead of the museum. It isn’t far, and you will like it. There will be fewer people there. Everyone will go to the museum, but at Matbronze, it will be peaceful.”

We agreed, because he hadn’t steered us wrong yet, and he called ahead to get us the best seats in the house. “These are very special ladies,” he repeated to the person on the phone. “Give us your best umbrella, please. They are very tired from the safari and need to eat.”

He took us to Matbronze, which is owned by a “very kind, very professional” (according to James) woman. It’s both a beautiful art gallery and a restaurant.

James treated us to a delicious lunch while I admired all the exotic plants surrounding us in a beautiful garden. I’d never seen any of them before in my life, and I know my plant-loving husband would have absolutely loved being there. However, I couldn’t take any photos since my phone was covered in elephant residue from my elephant-touching escapades.

James liked hearing about our work, and it turned out he’s something of a philanthropist himself. He worked together with others in his home community to start a school for local kids. He facilitated the sourcing of their own water project and even got money from the government to get it solarized piped water. It started out with just 20 kids, but now they’re up to 400-something pupils. We all lamented the state of politics in our countries, too. He said he’d had the opportunity to be the chairman of his community, but told his friend to take the opportunity since he thought his friend could do it better. He also seemed to know everyone at Matbronze, and all the guards at all the park entrances. They called out to him and shook his hand over and over. But even people he didn’t know, he greeted warmly and spoke easily with.

After lunch, we headed to the Giraffe Centre (which is right next door to the world-famous giraffe hotel). Again, James was incredible. He followed us inside the park, found a guide, and told her: “Take very good care of them. They are —” you guessed it! “— special ladies.”

We were very lucky to have the guide, and she was so kind. She rattled off facts about the giraffes as she called out to them by name and shook a feeding bowl to get their attention and have them come to us.

As we held out little pellets of feed for them to slimily lick out of our fingers, the guide told us their names and personalities. Most of the giraffes come to be rehabilitated and then go back to the wild. But one giraffe, Kelly, is the old man of the group, who was born at the sanctuary and refuses to leave. He watches over the rest of the rotating herd and keeps them in line. Beneath the giraffes’ feet, warthogs scrambled to lap up dropped food pellets, dropping down on their little knees to reach them.

“Watch out for this one,” she said, as one giraffe approached. “She likes to headbutt visitors sometimes.”

At one point, a giraffe accidentally stepped on a warthog it hadn’t noticed in its excitement over licking the feed out of my hand. The warthog squealed and frightened the giraffe, and all the animals scattered. The guide had to coax them back over to us, but this had spooked Jackie and Olivia away from feeding the giraffes, and Emma said she didn’t like the slimy feeling of their tongues, so I took the rest of their feed and giggled like a little girl as I fed them over and over until I noticed the others had retreated to the shade and were looking very tired.

We thanked the guide and tipped her and then rejoined James. He had just picked up some luggage for a few other clients at his boss’s request. He said, “I can’t believe how much these fools packed. Can you believe it? Giant luggages like these ones. When you go somewhere, you take a little bag, not much. But this, eh? How much stuff could you possibly need?”

Emma, Jackie, and Olivia all looked at me, who packed a giant bag so heavy that it’s hard for even the strong men of the Western Kenya staff to lift and carry.

“Yeah, who would pack like that?” I asked, then hid my face toward the window.

The girls all laughed heartily at my shame.

We returned to the hotel, and everyone went their separate ways to rest, as it had been an early start and a long day.

I turned on the TV to find a National Geographic documentary about elephants in Kenya playing. Now, I’m not spiritual or religious, but sometimes things just feel like fate.

Watching the film reminded me to visit the Sheldrick Wildlife Trust website and “adopt” an elephant. I picked Epiya, who had been fondly labeled “the naughtiest girl” by the keeper at the Trust. I liked the idea of fostering her escapades.

The next documentary on my TV was about Ethiopian wolves, who look like big American foxes. In it, a female pack leader had grown her pack from nothing after a drought had wiped most of her family out when she was very young. Now, they were growing too populous, and the matriarch knew the resources in their area were too few.

“She will have to make a tough decision,” the narrator said. “It is time for her firstborn daughter, with whom she has a great relationship, to go off and start her own pack in a new area with more resources.”

The matriarch was in the process of rejecting the affection/grooming of her daughter, growling and snarling at her, when I turned the TV off, thinking of that lone lioness I’d seen that morning. I decided it was enough heartbreak for one day.

It was the best of days, one I will remember forever and ever. But it was another day on this Kenya trip where I was reminded of the dangers of having an open heart, and of living with an overactive empathy muscle. It’s a constant struggle for me — some days I add bricks to the walls around my heart to protect it, and other days I demolish the walls and leave my heart raw and aching.

I’m reminding myself that the day I stop challenging myself is the day I stop growing.

The post A Special Lady’s First Safari first appeared on The Water Project.

Every month, the MERL team evaluates all of the functionality data collected through surveys submitted the previous month. “Functionality” essentially means that a water point is operating as intended. TWP’s implementing partners report functionality every time they conduct a survey or complete a repair.

How do we define functionality?

TWP determines functionality for each water point type based on a number of mWater survey questions, including whether water is available and whether any repairs are necessary. 

For example, below is a simplified version of our functionality assessment for wells (boreholes and dug wells):

If we determine a water point is non-functional due to a mechanical breakdown, we aim to repair it within three days. This process also helps us identify water points that experience seasonal dryness, mitigate downtime for seasonal projects when possible, and improve design for future projects.

What do we calculate every month, and why?

Across TWP’s portfolio of water points, we calculate a number of indicators related to functionality and downtime/uptime. These indicators are tracked in a spreadsheet (see image below).

Periods of time when a water point is non-functional (when it’s “down”) are called “downtime,” and periods when a water point is functional (when it’s “up”) are called “uptime.” We calculate these periods based on survey reports; when a survey is submitted with a report of non-functionality, the water point is considered “down” until another survey is submitted with a report of functionality, when we consider the water point back “up.”

We calculate these indicators every month for each program area and analyse the results:

What do we do with the data?

The purpose of collecting ongoing monitoring is to understand the causes of service disruption, to support the efforts of all team members to provide high-quality service, and ensure water point users have access to a reliable drinking water source. Part of that high-quality service is preventing or responding to service disruptions through Operations and Maintenance (O&M). Where possible, we practice preventative maintenance, which involves proactively replacing the parts that most frequently wear out. This prevents common breakdowns from occurring. Our O&M also includes rapid response to breakdowns, where our teams replace broken or worn parts or repair the water point structure. 

Our monthly analysis of monitoring data helps us identify patterns in non-functionality, which we can use to ensure that our ongoing O&M programs are effective. Each calculation tells us something slightly different. For example, the median downtime per down period helps us quantify responsiveness, while the overall uptime helps us quantify the availability of water for all of the thousands of people served by TWP water points. 

These monthly calculations help TWP track functionality over time and identify trends in functionality or non-functionality. For example, seasonal trends in non-functionality at rainwater tanks in Western Kenya helped us determine that, due to precipitation patterns, rainwater tanks weren’t serving as reliable water sources for schools year-round. This led to a programmatic change to prioritize higher-cost, higher-reliability water points for the schools to ensure year-round access.

We can also use the data to explore and celebrate successes (for example, our Western Kenya team had a median downtime of only one day per down period and had 99.4% uptime throughout June!). We can then use these results to investigate how the response teams achieve this uptime through preventing non-functionality and quickly responding when a water point does go down.

The post The Numbers Behind Reliable Water Access: Inside Our Monthly Indicator Tracking first appeared on The Water Project.

But the math involved was tricky for our field technicians. Too much chlorine? The water will be unsafe to drink (and will smell and taste bad). Too little? The chlorine won’t be strong enough to kill harmful germs. Getting the dose just right is essential to protecting people’s health.

Mistakes happen. But almost a million people depend on us for access to safe water, one of the most essential ingredients in good health. 

So, Allison and Catherine, our Monitoring, Evaluation, Resolution, and Learning (MERL) team, saw an opportunity for improvement. When they brought the problem to Peter, our founder-turned-Director of Innovation and Technology, he saw an opportunity, too — for AI.

What was calculating chlorine doses like before?

Before Peter and AI developed our new ShockCalc app, field team members had to refer to chlorination charts to enter numbers into equations. 

Catherine McManus, our MERL Associate, explained:

“Previously, field technicians used paper copies of tables, which they referenced at multiple steps in the chlorination process (calculating water column depth, well volume, and required mass of chlorine based on target dosage).

“They had to keep track of multiple numbers in their heads, and sometimes perform unit conversions along the way. And because field team members are so conscientious, they were also trying to ensure that the papers didn’t get dirty or wet — virtually impossible while working on a water pump!”

And if the paper tables were only cumbersome, that would be reason enough to want a new chlorine calculation solution. But the tables themselves caused issues, too.

“The paper tables were based on certain assumptions that don’t apply in every situation,” Catherine said. 

“For example, some tables assumed that the technician was using a 70% ‘strength’ of chlorine — but this isn’t always true! So, they needed to adjust the final numbers to account for the difference. In a more physical sense, using a piece of paper with a lot of tiny numbers on it to do chemistry calculations is hard — it could be windy or very sunny, and the technicians are often being watched by community members, which adds pressure to their work.”

And despite our team members’ care, some errors still slipped through the cracks.

“Going through all of our shock chlorination data, it was clear that technicians were making mistakes regardless of whether they used a paper chart or a plain old calculator,” said Allison Gregory, our Director of MERL. 

“So we knew we had to get away from manual calculations and charts if we wanted to get accurate chlorine dosing. An app that incorporated quick pick options for commonly entered values, eliminated unit conversions, and provided the user with clear directions on how much chlorine to use was the dream solution. We just went for it and asked!”

How did the app development process start?

So, what was Peter’s reaction when MERL asked him for a dosing calculator?

“I was really excited,” said Peter Chasse, our Director of Innovation and Technology. 

“For a while, I’d been wondering what our first AI project might be, and honestly, I was thinking way too big. I was imagining some grand new application, or something huge that we never could do before. I was missing what, essentially, is the low-hanging fruit, or the better-hanging fruit, as it were. Small problems that were just big enough. They were too expensive to immediately deal with. 

“So, this case: building a calculator. Lots of room for human error. You want to call it a small problem? Not really, because we’re talking about chlorine, which can be toxic in the wrong doses and useless in too low of a dose, so we need to get it right. This presented exactly the nexus of the right-sized project that AI could do. 

“I could vibe code, which just means that AI does the bulk of the writing of the code, and I’m just sort of telling it what to do, and that we would be able to support it afterwards. So, it presented a really exciting opportunity — a chance to bite off something relatively small, [with a] very defined goal of what we wanted it to do.”

How did Peter know this was a problem for AI?

“We had calculations,” Peter said. “We had a way to check the math. And then, we would have the ability to build some kind of unit testing that would verify whether the code was right, whether the calculator actually did what we expected it to do. And then it really became a challenge of just building the UI. So, talking to the AI about what I wanted the UI/UX experience for the user to be. 

“So it was the right kind of problem, because we knew how to check the answer. We knew that it wasn’t going to be a massive investment of time, so it was essentially low risk in terms of cost. We could get in, try it over a weekend. If it didn’t work, we could abandon it. 

“We would know if it was successful; that’s always important in a project like this. We know what success would be, how to measure it, and it’s definable. I thought I could pull it off in a couple days.”

This quick turnaround was not exactly what the MERL team was expecting.

“When Peter said he could deliver the app so quickly, we were surprised,” Allison explained. “I assumed developing an app would be a time-consuming process, and therefore a lower priority for the organization. I was not expecting to have an app in our hands for testing within a matter of days.”

Why did Peter choose AI over building the app from scratch or even outsourcing it?

“Either one would have been too expensive,” Peter explained. 

“So, if we had built it from scratch, it would have been hours and hours and hours of developer code. AI told me that if we had, it estimated six months of work for a human team to pull it off. And that was a very methodical schedule, with builds, and testing, and QA. 

“There’s no way. We don’t have that kind of time. Not internally at The Water Project. We have a million other things we need to be doing. And that would have nixed the project just in terms of priority, lack of resources. 

“And then, outsourcing is always out of the question for a nonprofit of our size, especially for an app of that size. It would have been more than we could have expected, more than we could have spent. It wouldn’t have been in anybody’s budget. And frankly, the team probably wouldn’t even have thought or brought it up because of that. So that’s why: too much money.”

What is the app development process like using AI?

“We’ve been vibe coding at the Water Project since we could,” Peter said. 

“We’ve been playing with this in the background, on the weekends, with side projects. So both Chris (Chris Carvache, TWP’s full stack developer) and I kind of understood which tools work well: things like Claud Code, Cursor, which is kind of like a word processor for code, if that’s a good way to explain it to non-techies. It’s an IDE (Integrated Development Environment). And the different tools have been able to do certain things better than other tools, and so we’re starting to understand that. 

“So in this case, we knew if we presented Claude, which is Anthropic’s model, through the Claude Code tool that they’ve provided, if we gave it a good functional specification, which the Program team did right for us, they told us exactly what they wanted the app to do, really how it was going to look, kind of what buttons would be used for entry, and then how they wanted the calculations to come back. So we provided that right to the AI. 

“Then, we told AI to make a plan. We said, from this functional spec, do what a good software architect would do, and build out your own technical build spec, right? Show us what you plan on doing. And it did a beautiful job. It gave us the functional spec, all of the things that the application should do. It gave that back to us. And then I said: ‘From that, now make your plan.’ Then the AI built its own plan, a step-by-step process, and I told the tool, ‘Build it step-by-step.’ 

“Because one, we wanted to see what it was doing, and two, these tools can get off track pretty quick. So it seemed like a logical way to keep the tool on track. And so it wrote its own checklist, and then I simply said, ‘Work the checklist.’ And AI was able then to go in and start to build that code. 

“So, it uses normal frameworks. It’s a Next.js app. It runs on Vercel. Very common, what folks are vibe coding with today. We wanted it to launch and be in the field very quickly, so we used a lot of the tools that allow us to speed those things along. And again, we were building sort of a proof of concept at this stage, or a minimum viable product, as it were. We really relied on Claude Code from scratch, in terms of the code. It did build all of it. And then we began to iterate over that code. 

“So once it launched, obviously, there are errors right out of the gate, and you start to debug. From then on, it got fun. We were just adding features, making it look better, making it smarter for the user with quick hit buttons and things. But it really became this interactive process with the AI to develop the app. And I think the total time was six to eight hours of actual interactive time with AI. Just remarkable.

How long did the development process take?

“It was a total of four business days, plus a weekend,” Peter said. “I did a little work on a Saturday. 

“So, we got the idea on a Thursday, and got the spec from them the next day, Friday. So that wasn’t even AI time. That was just the team putting their spec together. 

“And we started building immediately from that spec. I had a running app at the end of Friday, tweaked it over the weekend, sent it to the team Monday for some comments. We added a few features and launched it in the field, literally in the field, to end users for testing on Tuesday. So a total of, what, four business days?”

What surprised Peter the most during the development process?

“It was really fun,” Peter said. 

“There’s something magical about speaking things into being. And as a developer who’s written every character of code for the last 20 years, it was really nice to be able to delegate so much of this work away to an AI. Knowing that I wasn’t displacing any team, that nobody’s job was affected, we’re doing extra stuff. We’re doing stuff we couldn’t have done before. And that feels pretty magical. 

“But I guess the surprise was just the delight of the experience, of being able to build this quickly. And maybe that is because for 20 years, resource-constrained in a non-profit, one of the big things I’ve dealt with as a founder, but especially as a tech person, was the constraint of just not having enough coders and enough time to code. And this really removes quite a bit of that constraint. And so now we get to focus on good ideas and really spend the time, and not be limited in what those ideas can become. So the surprise for me in the development was just the delight in the process. It made work fun. That really was a fun project to do.”

How did we test the app?

“We started by conducting virtual training sessions with field staff to make sure everyone felt comfortable using the app and to get initial feedback,” Allison said. 

“Then, staff at the TWP Western Kenya Regional Service Hub tested out the app during shock chlorination field visits. They were excited to have an app designed specifically for them with preset values that reflected the chlorination parameters unique to their work. I remember someone saying, ‘You’ve made our work so much easier!’ That’s what we like to hear! They gave us feedback based on the initial field testing that helped us improve the app before we rolled it out in other program areas.”

How has using the app been going?

“Based on the feedback we’ve received so far, the app successfully streamlined and took the guesswork out of the process for determining chlorine dose and improved the accuracy of the doses,” Allison said.

“Operations and Maintenance field work is intense and laborious. Technicians are removing hand pumps and carrying heavy equipment and parts. They have to deal with extreme heat and rain. I’m glad we could help make one aspect of a very challenging job a little bit easier.”

We’re happy to say that, even though we’re in the early stages of rolling out the app to all of our field workers who treat borehole wells, we’re already noticing a difference.

“The biggest improvement we’ve seen on our end is improved accuracy,” Allison said. 

“With the app to guide technicians through the calculations, we’re seeing more accurate doses in the shock chlorination survey data submitted. We believe this is leading to safer water for the communities we serve.”

And that’s the whole point — safer water, fewer worries, and healthier communities.

Does this change how you think about technology or AI in your work now? 

“Going through this process with Peter has been a great learning experience,” Allison said. 

“The MERL team now has a better understanding of AI’s capabilities and the types of problems it can help solve. I’ll probably be more likely to ask for help with something that otherwise might have seemed too time-consuming or low priority for the tech team, knowing that AI may be able to take on the heavy lifting.”

Still, Catherine is cautious about AI.

“Personally, I am nervous about how AI is changing the way we think and work — I am afraid to rely on AI too much,” Catherine said. 

“We did have to make some fixes after the AI tool assumed values we hadn’t specified, but I think the key is that we were using it as a tool, and we checked everything multiple times! I don’t have the skills or capacity to create even a much clunkier version of ShockCalc, and the benefits we are already seeing mean that it was (and will continue to be) a valuable tool for our team.”

What advice would you give to other nonprofits struggling with similar “small” problems?

“I think we could all benefit from learning more about AI and its capabilities,” Allison said. 

“Developing an app is a slightly more daunting application of AI (although Peter made it look easy), but there are so many day-to-day tasks that we can streamline and small problems that we can solve using AI. Non-profits are notoriously strapped for resources, so our industry in particular can benefit from AI’s assistance. Although I think guidance on ethical considerations and best practices would be helpful as more and more people use AI in their day-to-day work.”

What does this project reveal about the kinds of problems that AI is really well-suited to solve for nonprofits right now?

“So, it’ll be different for non-profits of different sizes, obviously,” Peter said. 

“The larger non-profits that have well-resourced tech teams are going to do some pretty incredible things. Though some of those projects may take longer to come into the public eye because they’re bigger projects. 

“But for your average non-profit, mid-size, especially small-size, startups, especially — oh my goodness. Not just in coding, although I’ll kind of keep this to the coding side of things. But there are a lot of small incremental wins that you can gain by using AI, when it would have just cost another three to four hours of your day that you didn’t have. 

“On the coding side of things, building bespoke tools now should no longer be anathema. In the past, you always ended up with something that was pigeonholed, and you couldn’t support it in the long term. It was always a bad idea. So you would try to buy off the shelf. With AI, it changes the game. Bespoke is going to be where it’s at. Building tools in the moment for the problem in the moment. 

“You know, using code to do analysis on spreadsheets, like something that we never did before, because we didn’t know how. We didn’t have the time to learn it, and we just didn’t do it. Now, we’re doing it on a regular basis. We’re pulling in data and analyzing that data in Python code. Never done that before. That’s been an AI piece. 

“So, look small. Start small. Start on things where you understand the process. You understand the answers and the goals so that you can measure whether it’s working or not working. 

“But no matter what, start today. It’s like the old proverb: the best time to plant a tree is yesterday. The best time to get into AI is yesterday. You’re never going to be able to keep up. Don’t try. But do not wait for tomorrow thinking you’re going to learn something between now and then that’s going to help you catch up. It’s not going to. You’re going to be another five days behind tomorrow if you wait one day. So, start now.”

What would you say to other tech leads or nonprofit staff who want to explore AI but aren’t quite sure where to begin?

“Begin with podcasts, YouTube, you know, find some threads on your favorite social network, whether it’s Discord or Reddit or wherever,” Peter said. 

“Get in those, start reading. You just gotta start getting exposed. If you’re on Bluesky or a social network, start following the AI folks. I know it sounds cliche, but you’re gonna get links to articles that you just never would have seen before. You’ll be able to see opportunities fly by in your feed. The networks just haven’t formed yet for this information to get to you, so you’re gonna have to go out and find it, and then play with these tools. They don’t bite. 

“They all require one thing: knowing how to speak your language to the device. That’s it. Everything else you can ask it, literally everything else. How do I set up a server? What is a server? What is Python? How could I write an app? What is an app? 

“All of it is at your fingertips. You have no excuse now. The very tool that you’re trying to learn can teach you how to use itself. So, get in there and just start playing.”

The post The Problem We Didn’t Know AI Could Solve (But It Did) first appeared on The Water Project.

“Have you ever lived without access to clean and safe water? What source of water are you accessing? Have you ever experienced challenges as a result of consuming dirty and unsafe water?” These were the daily questions I asked community members whenever I visited a community. They were meant to help me understand the communities’ water needs.

I am a true witness of what it means to consume dirty and contaminated water, and I also have a testimony of what impact clean and safe water can bring to a person’s life. I have witnessed the struggles people, particularly women and girls, go through in search of water from inaccessible sources. I have seen women who have broken their legs and arms from accidents involving slippery paths on steep slopes to and from the spring. I have witnessed marriages almost breaking up because a woman has spent so much time fetching water, raising suspicion in her husband. What haven’t I seen?

One day in 2018, I received a call from the village elder of Shilakaya Community requesting me to go and see the kind of water they were consuming. I picked a day and decided to visit the community without prior communication. On the way to the spring that early morning, I met men, women, and children fetching water.

Shilakaya Community was one of my most memorable communities — one I really relate with. Community members here are unified, and they live in peace with one another. This spring has a very high discharge, meaning that even during the harsh drought season, the spring is still viable. It serves a very huge population from a wide area, since there are no other water sources around. People flock to the spring from a market, a police station, and also a primary school. 

To access the water, people had to step into a pool of water. Women had to pick up their skirts and dresses to do so. In African culture, this is seen as indecent. Women are expected to cover themselves properly and not to show off. 

Whenever it rained, all the surface runoff ended up in the spring water, making it dirty and depositing all manner of waste inside. Further, the area was so bushy that women feared being attacked by snakes and other animals. 

From my interaction with the community, it was clear that the state of the spring affected them in so many ways. The path to the spring was steep. Whenever it rained, the path became so slippery that it was totally inaccessible. People suffered health-wise as a result of consuming its contaminated water. Since it served a large population, there was constant traffic that led to congestion and overcrowding throughout. 

Just like Moses in the Bible, and as an officer working with The Water Project, I knew that it was time to save them from their suffering and to deliver them into “the promised land” full of clean and safe water. 

In 2018, The Water Project protected Shanamwevo Spring. Due to its high yield, we installed four discharge pipes, which were all full of flowing water. The spring became accessible, the water became clean, and the congestion was reduced. The bushy surroundings were all cleared, and the rainwater runoff was managed by drainage trenches. The songs of infections and illnesses became things of the past, replaced with songs of praise to The Water Project. 

The people of Shilakaya Community no longer have issues with water. Their focus has shifted to income-generating projects. They started fish farming and planting vegetables next to the spring. 

The spring is in perfect condition and still serving the community. I believe it will still serve them for very many years to come. Whenever I visit these people, I come back home with maize, chicken, groundnuts, beans, sweet potato, cassava, and fresh vegetables. The community members are still appreciative of The Water Project.

“The community has transformed in various ways,” Mr. Shilaho said one year after the spring’s protection.

“[For example,] the conflicts earlier experienced among neighbors due to minor disagreements…[are] now a thing of the past, and we all live in unity. The financial resources that were initially used for medicinal purposes are now spent catering to development activities since people rarely go to hospitals for treatment of water- [and] sanitation-related diseases…You are a Godsend, and [we] love you all.”

This is just one case out of the many I handled as a field officer. The Water Project saved Shilakaya Community. But there are very many communities that are still battling issues of water. Children are missing school, mothers frequenting the hospitals, and poor fathers spending money they do not have on medication. 

Are you willing to stand with these people? Yes, you! Your donation would not only save a village, but an entire generation. 

The post I Helped Deliver Shilakaya to Their ‘Promised Land’ first appeared on The Water Project.

Throughout the months of March, April, and May, water has been rationed for me and my family. Rationing has forced me to purchase additional water storage containers to store extra water just in case I receive visitors, or I do a lot of washing or thorough cleaning. It is very hard to estimate the amount of water that we will use and to conserve it, since I need to restrain my family from using a lot of water. So, having a continuous flow of water in our homes is very important.

As a Kenyan mother, I have to ensure that my family has water, and not just water, but clean and safe water sufficient to support everyone every day. Without water in my house, my family and I will not be able to wash our clothes, wash our hands enough, flush the toilet, or wash our dishes. So, I must ensure that we have plenty of water to make my family healthy and happy all the time.

In Kenya, we believe people living in urban centers do not lack water, and this is ironic because I have experienced an insufficient flow of water in my urban house. It turns out, families from urban centers can lack a sufficient flow of water in their homes, too. It is true that in Kenyan urban centers, the quality of water is good, but the rationing is where the problem arises. 

The Kenyan government mandates its Water Resource Authority to ensure that every household within town centers receives water at least twice a week. Receiving water twice a week is good, considering that all the estates (developments) within town depend on the same water supply. We have water issues due to the number of people per household and a household’s water storage containers, which limit how long the stored water will sustain a family.

The lack of water at my house affects me emotionally and psychologically because, when I don’t have water in my house, it is like life has been put on hold, and nothing functions. When we don’t have enough water, I can’t think straight or clean my house as I am used to cleaning it. Sometimes, it even makes me feel sick. 

The only solution is to pay someone to bring water from the protected spring within town, but this goes outside my budget, and I find myself spending a lot more than what I would pay the Water Resources Authority every month. But I thank God that my family and I have learned to manage and use the water we have to serve our needs.

Water rationing has made me realize that it is very important not to waste water, but to use it efficiently. This has helped me to avoid misuse and value the little water I have to avoid spending more money looking for someone to fetch water for my family. 

Even though I have limited water, I still have more access to water on most days than the people we serve. Many communities are still struggling to get access to clean and safe water daily. They have to walk for hours searching for clean water, where they sometimes queue for a whole day to get water which is not safe. 

Although I experience water rationing at my house, I am always sure that the water will be running the day after, and it is safe water, not just any water. People in the communities we serve ration water, but they don’t have enough storage containers, and the quality of their water is questionable because they fetch water from running streams and unprotected springs. 

Many communities in Africa still desire and yearn for clean and safe water someday. My prayer is that one day, they will celebrate clean water, and donors like you can help them stand on equal footing.

The post What Life is Like When Water is Scarce: A Personal Story of Water Rationing first appeared on The Water Project.

The reality is that a single water point — a well, a rain tank, or any other type of water project — just isn’t a long-term solution for any community, and for that reason, we always develop a more comprehensive plan before starting a project. So, today, we’re going to respond to a slightly different question: “What makes a water system sustainable?”

Why a water system? What even is a water system?

When we donate to provide safe water access in sub-Saharan Africa, maybe we imagine installing one well per community, enlisting all the local stakeholders to care for that well, and calling it good. 

But if that one water source breaks down, community members could be left with their previous unsafe water options. 

“When I first entered the water access sector, I believed sustainability was primarily about infrastructure that lasts,” said The Water Project’s Director of Program, Spencer Bogle. 

“If the well didn’t dry up or the pump kept working, it was a success. But years of fieldwork have taught me that sustainability is about community buy-in and reliable systems.”

So, what is a water system? In our service area, this can be difficult to envision; what it definitely isn’t is the interconnected network of pipes and sewer lines that most of us are familiar with.   

Instead, said Spencer, “It’s about people knowing how to manage, maintain, and advocate for their own water access — not just for today, but for generations. It is about the ways people use water within their daily lives — in school, healthcare, finances, and government — and monitoring and maintenance systems.” 

Every sip of dirty water is a risk. Sometimes, that single sip is all it takes for someone to get seriously ill. This is why we should think of water as an interwoven network of safe water sources — and not narrow our concern to the fate of each individual source.

“Sustainable access to water is complex,” Spencer said. “Most people use multiple water sources daily. That insight has reshaped how we think about projects — not as isolated installations, but as integral parts of a community’s larger water ecosystem.”

Why don’t governments provide sustainable water utilities?

Well, they do — sometimes. 

If your tap stopped working, you’d expect a utility to send someone to fix it. But in the places where we work, governments simply can’t extend that kind of service.

In the areas we serve, the local government often builds a utility grid and offers paid services. However, a system like this in the places we work invariably serves only the wealthy, and not the people we aim to help. 

“That’s not an option,” Spencer said. 

The populations we serve don’t live within reach of established utilities, and their governments don’t have the capacity to extend them. So, we build a similar utility — one that doesn’t rely on the community members’ ability to pay expensive fees — from the ground up.

We do this through a network of sustainable water access points. We commit to monitoring, community engagement, and establishing responsibility. We answer questions like, “Who do community members call when it breaks?” “Why did it break down?” “How do we fix it?” “How can we get people access to quality resources and mechanics?”

As Spencer said: “It’s not efficient or economically viable to commit to only one project.” 

So, how does one maintain a water system?

“At The Water Project (TWP), we believe sustainability starts with listening and connecting with those who are closest to the problems that reliable water can address,” Spencer said. 

“We focus geographically to maximize impact within a set budget. We commit to routine monitoring and invest in infrastructure that starts with reliable groundwater sources. 

“But most importantly, we commit to people. TWP uses two service models: Community Management (in Uganda and Southeast Kenya) and Professional Dispatch Services (in Western Kenya and Sierra Leone).

“In Community Management, we engage communities from the very beginning — forming Self Help Groups that link Water User Committees (WUCs) and Village Savings and Loans Associations (VSLAs). These groups learn everything from water system governance to repair budgeting. They are responsible for saving money for repairs and directly contacting local mechanics.

“In Professional Dispatch areas, Water User Committees contact a TWP regional hub staffed with mechanics and engineers who respond quickly to breakdowns — often within 24 hours. This approach ensures rapid technical support while maintaining community trust.”

“Ultimately, sustainable water systems require access to quality construction, quality parts, and long-term financial support, ideally in the form of communities who are willing and able to pay for services to keep the water running. 

“However, the only way to know if the work is effective is to monitor. We have developed a robust Monitoring, Evaluation, Resolution, and Learning department that allows us to see when things break down and how we can improve design, training, and issue response.”

“Sustainability of WASH services is the central premise of global WASH efforts.” (UN WASH Accountability for Sustainability Programme)

Monitoring and maintenance aren’t just good practice — they are the very heart of ensuring water systems remain safe and reliable for the long term.

Who else needs to be involved?

“Our focus on full water coverage aligns with national, county, and district development plans,” Spencer explained. “We’ve formalized these partnerships through Memoranda of Understanding (MOUs), which help build credibility and ensure alignment with broader public sector efforts. Local government officials often become invaluable partners in long-term support.” 

For example, one of our longest-standing relationships is with the local governments in our Western Kenya service area.

“The Water Project program, I would say, has played a major, crucial role in our county,” said Dr. Wilber Ottichilo, Governor of Vihiga County in Western Kenya. 

Dr. Ottichilo continued: “And I would say The Water Project is our premium partner in this endeavor of providing water to our people. I’m grateful, on behalf of the people of Vihiga, to The Water Project program. I think they have done a commendable job. It’s so evident that the partnership that is existing between The Water Project and the county government is strong, and we believe that it’s going to last for so many years. 

“The Water Project have never come to impose themselves [on] our county. They have come to us, and we have sat down, and we have agreed on our priorities. Normally, many other development partners come, and they decide what they want, and in many cases, they don’t even involve the leadership. But in terms of The Water Project, they came to this office, so they engage the highest decision maker in the county. So, it’s been a consultative effort. 

“The Water Project also engages the community. Our main principle of county government is public participation, engaging people in the decision-making process. And I believe, and I’m very happy that The [Water] Project has been very instrumental to ensure that they do public participation before the project is implemented. So that means there is ownership of the project when they leave. The project should be owned by the recipients, who are the community.”

How does TWP keep sustainability in mind at each project stage?

Mapping/Siting

Before we even think about building a new water source, we consider each community’s unique water situation. For this, our water point mapping exercises have been invaluable.

“We have worked together with local community leaders and officials to map public water points in each of our service areas,” Spencer explained. “This allows us to see areas in need and to create networks for water points to ensure access and to make monitoring and maintenance more efficient.”

When vetting a new water source, we evaluate several factors. First, we assess its current state, including its functionality, yield, and environment. A technical assessment of any existing infrastructure helps us identify issues that may make the source vulnerable to contamination or breakdown.

While our local teams use mapping data as a jumping-off point, they also engage deeply with communities to ensure that the water sources will meet community needs. Because mapping provides only empirical data, we also take into account the community’s preferred water source, land ownership concerns, social dynamics within the community, and the environmental factors that determine which source type will be possible.

We prioritize communities that reach out to express their need for water. Requesting support shows the kind of community ownership and organization that often makes a project even more successful in the long term.

Next, we test the water yield — how much water the source produces. For rain-dependent sources, such as springs, we test during the dry season when water flow is at its lowest. Finally, we conduct a sanitary inspection of the waterpoint’s surroundings to identify possible sources of contamination, such as nearby latrines or farms using fertilizer.

Mapping an entire region’s water resources informs our strategy for establishing future plans, and the local government also benefits.

Proposal & Construction

With a solid foundation of community engagement and education, we move forward with the physical implementation. Whether it’s drilling a well, constructing a sand dam, or installing a rainwater catchment system, our team of experts ensures that the chosen solution is implemented with the highest standards of quality and efficiency.

“We build for the long haul, with community input, siting to ensure reliable groundwater availability, quality materials, and trained professionals,” Spencer said.

In many cases, we ask the community, school, or health center to contribute locally available construction materials like sand and stone to a project’s construction. This helps speed up the construction process and promotes community buy-in and ownership. If people are involved in a project’s construction, they may also be better able to identify issues with a water source once it’s completed.

For more information on project-specific construction processes, read this blog about the journey of a water project.

Training & Handover 

“Communities receive governance and management training, hygiene and sanitation training, and water point maintenance protocols,” Spencer said.

For every water point we construct, we help establish a Water User Committee made up of local residents who will oversee and manage the water point. These committee members receive training on the proper use and maintenance of the water system and financial management (so they can collect fees for small repairs and maintenance). This ensures the community has the knowledge and resources to keep the project running independently.

Monitoring & Maintenance 

Many people assume the completion of construction marks the end of our involvement. Actually, the opposite is true. In the very first quarter after a water point’s installation, we return to check that the water source is still providing water — and then we come back, again and again.

“Our teams monitor each water point quarterly, test water quality biannually, and work to ensure that breakdowns are repaired within 72 hours,” Spencer said. 

“It is much more cost-effective to maintain and repair water points than to replace them. Timely maintenance can only happen when breakdowns are reported quickly, and communities will only report issues if they trust that the problem will be addressed honestly and professionally.”

When we identify a water point malfunction, such as a breakdown or necessary repair, our software flags the survey and we prioritize a service visit.

Community Care

Through ongoing monitoring, maintenance, and education, we continue to support communities as they manage their water points, fostering independence and long-term success.

“Beyond infrastructure, we invest in relationships that sustain the work,” Spencer said. “Communities contribute to maintenance and repair either by paying into a subscription service or as needed for parts and service from a Self-Help Group fund.”

How does TWP help communities take ownership of their water points without burdening them with expensive service fees? 

“The answer lies in context,” Spencer said. “In some areas, community-linked savings groups pool funds specifically for repairs. In others, TWP handles the service directly, subsidizing the repair costs heavily, ensuring that systems remain functional while we work on longer-term cost-recovery models. 

“It’s never one-size-fits-all, but every approach aims to empower without overburdening. We understand that people will not pay for a service until it is reliable enough for them to see the value of having consistent access to safe water.” 

Will my gift to build a water project through TWP make a lasting difference?

In a word? Yes.

“At TWP, we measure results, report transparently, and stay with communities long after construction ends,” Spencer said. 

“We are committed to relationship, reliability, and trust in every part of our work. We build durable systems where people, not just hardware, are the foundation. Because we are committed to continuous learning, communication, and collaboration to constantly improve our work, services, and relationships, we are confident that communities will flourish because of the reliable water that we provide for the long term. That’s what sustainability means to us. And that’s why we know the water will keep flowing.”

Creating sustainable projects throughout Kenya, Sierra Leone, and Uganda is only possible with the support of generous people like you. The easiest way you can boost the sustainability of our water points is to regularly support our Water Promise. 

The post What makes a water project sustainable? first appeared on The Water Project.

Nowadays, we live in an age of antibiotics and real-time health tracking. It’s easy to forget that one of the most important discoveries in medical history began not in a laboratory, but on a less affluent street in 1850s London: with a map, a water pump, and a doctor willing to challenge everything his peers believed about disease.

The doctor was John Snow. And the pump? It delivered water that Londoners swore by — cool, fresh-tasting, and seemingly clean.

But it was deadly.

Broad Street in the 1850s: The Scene of the Outbreak

Imagine a narrow, cobbled street, tucked within the dense, working-class neighborhood of Soho. Buildings stood shoulder to shoulder — brick tenements and boarding houses crammed with families, migrants, laborers, and small shopkeepers. Laundry hung from windows. Children played outside, dodging carts and waste. 

In 1850s London, there were no sewers or plumbing as we know them today. People emptied their chamber pots into cesspools, or worse, tossed them into the gutters that lined the street. Horse-drawn carts clattered over uneven stones, leaving manure behind. Puddles of standing water mixed with filth. In warm weather, the stench was unbearable — one of the many smells contemporary medical professionals blamed for the spread of disease.

“From inhaling the odour of beef, the butcher’s wife obtains her obesity.”

— Professor H. Booth, writing in “The Builder,” July 1844

The Broad Street water pump was a cast-iron structure topped with a handle, standing in the middle of the pavement. It was a popular gathering point, praised for its “fresh, sweet” water taste. Even as people fell ill around it, many still swore by its quality. Some families would walk past other pumps just to draw water from this one.

Fun fact: you can still visit the Broad Street pump today (though the road is now called Broadwick Street), and perhaps pop across the street to the John Snow pub for a pint.

How did the outbreak start?

At the end of summer in August 1854, people in Soho started dying by the hundreds. It was one of many cholera outbreaks happening all throughout London. While today, cholera is a preventable and treatable waterborne disease, back then, it was neither preventable nor treatable (and estimates say the world still sees between 1.3 to 4 million cases and 21,000 to 143,000 deaths each year).

“The most terrible outbreak of cholera which ever occurred in this kingdom is probably that which took place in Broad Street, Golden Square, and the adjoining streets a few weeks ago.” — John Snow, 1854

In fact, most of the afflicted were transported to a hospital to be cared for by famed nurse Florence Nightingale. But even she believed in miasma theory — “bad air” causing disease — and discounted this newfangled germ theory entirely.

Who Was John Snow?

Although John Snow rose to be a doctor by climbing the ladder of education, he came from humble beginnings. He never fancied himself above the working-class people in Soho.

When Snow learned of this deadly outbreak, he tried something radical for his time: he mapped the cases to pinpoint where the outbreak had originated.

Snow was testing a hypothesis he had believed for years. He thought the rapid spread of cholera hadn’t been caused by miasma, but by contaminated water. He noticed a pattern. Every death seemed to trace back to one location: the public water pump on Broad Street.

After collecting testimonies, tabulating deaths, and publishing his now-famous map, Snow persuaded authorities to remove the handle from the pump. Almost immediately, the outbreak stopped. 

But like any good scientist (or water, sanitation, and hygiene implementer), Snow questioned the conclusion that his actions had ended the outbreak. Naturally, most of Soho’s inhabitants had fled the area, not knowing the outbreak’s cause — and they had gotten their water from other sources. He pointed to this mass exodus as the reason cholera stopped spreading and killing people. 

The medical community and the annals of history remember things differently.

“Dr. Snow recognized that part of treating disease requires viewing patients not as individual, isolated cases, but within the larger environment in which they live.” — American Medical Association’s Journal of Ethics

What happened after the outbreak?

Dr. Snow knew he couldn’t let this horrible disease affect anyone else if he could help it. So, he expanded his research, hoping to prove germ theory to more people. He dubbed this continuation his “grand experiment.”

He traced the origins of water serving several different populations. The households served by one supplier fell ill, while those served by another did not. He learned that the offending company sourced its water from an area of the Thames River polluted with sewage, while the other gathered its water from a (slightly) cleaner area upstream.

Snow became a pioneer of germ theory, expanding humanity’s knowledge about the origins of diseases. Investigating this outbreak became only one of his multiple medical legacies.

How does The Water Project prevent and treat water contamination?

Just like Snow when he removed the pump handle, we at the Water Project aim to prevent cases of water-related diseases before they start. 

Before we build any water point, we vet each potential site thoroughly to reduce the risk of contamination. We conduct a sanitary inspection of the water point’s surroundings to identify possible issues, such as nearby latrines or farms using fertilizer. If a risk can be removed or mitigated, we work closely with the community to address it before implementing the project. In cases where contamination risks are immovable or difficult to remediate, we choose an alternative project site. 

And also like Snow, we make maps. Water point mapping provides a wealth of data on existing water coverage, areas needing new sources, and opportunities for improving or rehabilitating current sources.

After a water point’s construction, we share the responsibility of keeping it safe in tandem with local water user committees.

We check on each water point once per quarter, with some checks more extensive than others. Some involve calling a water user committee to ask questions, while others involve in-person visits, inspections, and water quality sampling. 

Every year, we train our monitoring staff to identify potential issues at each type of water point. For instance, at a borehole well, we’ll ask staff to look for cracks in the well pad, ground erosion around the well, a clean drainage channel, and more.

No system is perfect, but the improved water sources we provide likely prevent countless cases of water-related diseases thanks to our ongoing monitoring and maintenance work.

Why do people drink contaminated water?

Sometimes, even well-meaning people ask this question, and the answer is simple: They have no other option. Asking “why” assumes that the people who drank the Broad Street well’s water were to blame, as are the people still forced to drink from unprotected sources like rivers, springs, ponds, and even puddles across the world today.

Of course, exceptions to this rule exist. For instance, some community members we serve actually prefer the taste of untreated water to the chlorinated alternatives we offer. It’s understandable; chlorine can make water taste different and, for some people, unpleasant. We batch-treat communal sources wherever possible. And while we provide chlorine dispensers at protected springs, we can’t force anyone to use them.

This is why we take things a step further than John Snow was able to during his time. When we install safe water sources, we also educate their water users. Through each hygiene and sanitation training, we help community members understand how to treat their own water using methods like boiling or solar disinfection, especially when they resist chlorine use. But these methods take time, which community members are not always able or willing to spare.

What would John Snow think about our current water crisis?

Removing the Broad Street pump handle didn’t explain exactly how germs worked, and it certainly didn’t cure cholera. But it did stop the outbreak, and it sparked a transformation in how we think about water, sanitation, health, and human behavior.

At The Water Project, we strive to continue his legacy. We map water points. We intervene before danger emerges. And we work with communities to ensure that safe water stays safe — not just today, but for generations.

Of course, I can’t say definitively what John Snow would think, looking at the devastating numbers of people still suffering without access to safe and reliable water. 

But personally, I think he would be frustrated. Even 171 years later, humanity still hasn’t found a way to provide safe water access to everyone. Cholera still unnecessarily kills an inordinate number of people each year, despite its preventable and treatable nature. And cholera is only one of many preventable diseases that still plague people who (at least officially) have the right to safe, reliable water and sanitation. 

Humans have completely reinvented life for the privileged people of this world since 1854. So, why are these basic needs still unmet for so many?

Who isn’t thinking like John Snow when it comes to safe water, sanitation, and hygiene?

If we’re talking about the Victorian era, I blame ignorance. Medical professionals of the time held onto their outdated beliefs about miasma theory for far too long. They refused to open their minds to emerging science and closed their eyes to deaths and data. Without their voices to shepherd politicians and utility officials into the modern era, it still took several decades for the water and sewer systems in London to improve. 

So what prevents everyone from having access to safe water, sanitation, and hygiene today? 

Firstly, all infrastructure falls apart eventually. In our work, we plan for this fact every day. When people construct new water sources, they don’t always have long-term sustainability in mind. Almost 15% of newly built water sources fail after one year, and 25% of water points are non-functional by their fourth year.

Secondly, I blame inequality. Some countries presumably can’t afford to supply their citizens with water despite good-faith initiatives. But others fall prey to corruption, with politicians taking for themselves the funds meant to provide basic services to constituents. While this is a complex and nuanced issue, corruption scores shed some light on the ongoing humanitarian issues in sub-Saharan Africa and beyond. 

The third and final reason is the one you can help with: complacency. While many things have changed in the world since 1854, humans still undervalue clean water, even though public water utilities in places like London and around the world struggle to meet safe water needs.

People with piped water — like you and me — should revel in the underappreciated joy of having water at every faucet. Safe water should never be taken for granted; if we forget to care, we might suddenly find ourselves without it. We also need to conserve water wherever we can, because we know exactly what happens when water becomes scarce. 

And we need to share the good word about water, far and wide. If you believe that access to safe water is a human right for everyone, like we do, you can convert others by demonstrating your passion. 

When you bring safe water to a community, share that you did on social media! Give eGift cards to your loved ones so they can experience the heart-healing glow of helping someone else gain access to water. Start a fundraiser to rally your network. Use your talents to spread the word. And don’t give up, even if progress seems slow. Here at The Water Project, we always “go slow to go fast.”

When John Snow published his findings about the Broad Street pump, he knew he would receive backlash. He knew there were many who would prefer to keep their heads firmly planted in the sand, like Florence Nightingale. And yet, he kept going. He advocated for those without the resources to advocate for themselves. When his first research findings didn’t move the needle, he kept working and campaigning for better water utilities. And when he died of a stroke in his 40s, he was still working hard to convince his fellow doctors of truths he recognized deep in his bones.

Thank you for caring about providing safe and reliable water, sanitation, and hygiene to people in need.

The post What Would John Snow Do? (No, Not That Jon Snow) first appeared on The Water Project.

This year, Western Kenyan Impact Communication Officers Olivia Bomji and Jacklyne Chelagat visited St. Mary’s Shihome Girls’ Secondary School to learn how the girls’ periods — and the rest of their lives — have changed since safe, reliable water arrived there in December 2024.

Their resulting reflections on their own past experiences tell the story of our need for menstrual hygiene better than any awareness campaign ever could.

The following portion was written by Olivia Bomji

Access to clean water plays a crucial role in restoring the dignity of girls during their menstruation by enabling them to practice good hygiene and manage their periods effectively. Clean water allows girls to wash their bodies, clean reusable menstrual hygiene products, and wash their hands, all of which are essential for maintaining health and well-being.

While growing up as a young girl at school some years ago, menstrual hygiene was different and confusing at the same time. 

Menstrual periods show that a girl is growing to be an adult. To me, while growing up, I didn’t know periods even existed. I remember one day, I woke up and I found myself so messed up, with blood all over my bed. I ran directly to the toilet to check what was happening to me. I took a bath and changed my clothes to clean ones, but I could see blood still coming out of me. I cried a lot, because I had no idea what was happening to me.

Growing up and being raised in the rural home was good. My parents raised me to obey and listen to what they say. As a family, we embraced the beliefs and culture of our society. Children were supposed to listen to what the parents say, and not vice-versa. So, it was difficult for me to approach my mother to tell her what was happening to me. 

That is when I decided to sort myself out by asking my fellow girls what was supposed to be done and why I was seeing blood. They guided me on what to do and told me that I was growing to be a big girl. It was a very tough month for me, and I remember very well how I visited the toilet many times to check whether I had injured myself unknowingly. I didn’t know all about menstrual hygiene. Although we had learned about it at school, it was not a topic that people discussed a lot, and young girls were not aware of it.

“Worldwide, only 2 out of 5 schools (39%) provide menstrual health education.”

Progress on drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene in schools 2015-2023: special focus on menstrual health, UNICEF/WHO Joint Monitoring Programme

The worst part of my story is that we didn’t have water at school. We were carrying water every day from home to school. It was so stressful to experience my menses for the first time and not being able to wash my hands and clean myself. This really affected me psychologically, because I didn’t have enough knowledge on how to handle myself. All the menstrual cramps, not having sanitary pads, and not knowing how to handle the whole situation were so overwhelming. 

I remember soiling my clothes and even my chair at school, and it was so embarrassing. In those days, sanitary towels were not common, so we used used clothes as sanitary pads, which could not hold blood for long. This used to force me to wait until my classmates were out of the classroom so that I could stand to check whether I was clean or not. 

And because we didn’t have water at school to clean my dress, I had to wrap my jacket around my waist to hide the mess for hours before we went home for me to clean myself. It was so traumatizing and stressful, because I could not play with others freely. I was feeling dirty and smelly, and even concentrating in class was very difficult. 

The world has been changing with technology and the introduction of social media. This has enabled many to learn and even create awareness about menstrual hygiene, water, dignity, and a girl’s right to learn. Both government and non-governmental organizations are making sure that school-going girls are comfortable at school. Some are even distributing free sanitary pads in schools.

When I compare my days in school to those of a girl now, a lot has changed. The girls are now aware about menstrual hygiene. 

To crown it all, The Water Project is doing wonders in many schools in sub-Saharan Africa. Drilling borehole wells in schools guarantees girls access to clean and safe water throughout the year. Also, training girls on Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene is a plus. This means that the dignity of the girls is restored, and they can be proud to be girls.

As some organizations are distributing free sanitary pads in schools, The Water Project, in partnership with the Government of Kenya, is adding more value in ensuring that clean water is flowing in schools. 

It is my prayer that we can change the mindset of that girl who is still experiencing challenges from a lack of water in her school by supporting The Water Project. Let’s all come together to reach schools in Sub-Saharan Africa that are still struggling to get access to clean and safe water. 

Remember, water and dignity give a girl the right to learn. 

The following portion was written by Jacklyne Chelagat

I attended my primary school education at Simbi Primary School. I remember when I was in class (grade) six, the teacher came to teach us about menstrual hygiene. Being a topic that was addressing girls, I felt so shy, because in the same class, there were boys.

While the teacher was teaching, a lot of questions were lingering in my mind. When am I going to see my period? How will I feel? What will my classmates say about it if they know I’m on my period? Who will I confide in and share with my state? 

The class lesson ended, and as the teacher left the class, I felt like following her so that she could help me answer the many questions I had, since I was afraid of asking them in front of my classmates. Apparently, I didn’t, though. I waited in silence.

As the days progressed, I was still a troubled girl, I was anxious about when I was going to see my menses, like the Israelites waiting to enter the promised land. Hours passed, days progressed, and some months passed, too. Towards the end of my last term in grade six, the mentioned symptoms by the teacher became so evident. And, indeed, it was the onset. 

I must say, I cried a lot, since there was no one I could tell about my great changes. My stepmother was so unfriendly, and I feared confiding in her. It was so difficult to access sanitary towels, since they were very costly. As a needy girl, I was forced to cut small pieces of cloth to help me during this period. Where I got this idea, up to now, I don’t know! 

During this time, I realized that it was so important to have adequate water for cleaning the pieces of cloth, bathing, and cleaning my hands. This period was confusing, very difficult, and at the same time, very sad.

The predicament was that, whenever I went to school, I lacked sufficient water for cleaning myself. The school had small rainwater tanks whose water was never sufficient for the whole school population. Whenever the water was used up, or during dry seasons when there was no water, we were forced to carry water from home. 

At home, it was challenging, too, because we fetched water from a partially protected spring that was very far away. The water we brought home was never enough to cater for all our needs, let alone for carrying some to school. So, anytime I carried water to school, it created a war with my stepmother. 

I could bathe only once in day and, according to my teacher, this was not enough. “Why was I born to suffer?” were my innermost sentiments during this period. I was so disturbed and, to some extent, I lost self-esteem. 

Anytime I went to school, I was isolating myself, since I felt I was smelly and probably messing up my uniform. Most of the time, I wrapped my sweater around my waist to avoid being laughed at by naughty boys and dropping my concentration in class to perform poorly in my academics. My dream of becoming a doctor when I grew up started to fade away. Sometimes, I wished I were born a boy child, since I realized a girl child has more struggles in life.

For a girl to uphold her dignity during her menstruation, she needs access to sanitary towels and an adequate supply of clean water. In recent days, the government of Kenya has played a crucial role in distributing sanitary towels in schools and giving them freely to girls. 

On the other hand, we have The Water Project, which has played a vital role in ensuring most of the schools and communities in Western Kenya have access to reliable, clean, and safe water and proper sanitation facilities. This has really impacted school-going girls; they are very neat, they are excited to go to school, and they concentrate more on their academics. That is why they are even performing so well in their exams and going ahead to achieve their careers. 

Shihome Girls Secondary School is one of the schools that has access to clean and safe water courtesy of The Water Project. During our visit, we were impressed to see girls who were so neat, confident, and happy. 

The discussion we held on menstruation was breathtaking. Compared to what I went through when I was their age, this is worth celebrating. 

“I am very happy that I am a girl child,” said student Charity K. “Due to the water project in our school, we are staying in a clean environment, bathe as many times as possible whenever we are in our menstruation period, wash our hands, and use clean latrines. I am a very proud girl, and I believe my dreams of becoming a doctor will be achieved.” 

Coming together and ensuring schools and communities get access to a sufficient flow of clean water is a great step in restoring the dignity of girls during their menstruation periods. 

Come one, come all — let’s support The Water Project to help a girl child gain access to safe, reliable water.

The post Menstrual Hygiene Day 2025: When a Girl Misses School Every Month first appeared on The Water Project.

Every water point implemented by The Water Project is always unique in its own way, and St. Peter’s Khaunga Primary School’s borehole well is no exception. The entire process of borehole drilling in this school gave me an opportunity to witness the general mood of the school pre- and post-drilling.

Despite being an officer in The Water Project, I am also a human being, and moreso, a mother with a human heart. Before the drilling, I was privileged to visit Khaunga Primary school and I was touched by what I witnessed. 

Being a comprehensive school, it houses an Early Childhood Development section, a primary section, and a junior secondary school section. It was really disturbing to see children as young as five years old not only carrying water to school, but also having to go for several trips in search of water for school use. The pupils ended up struggling for water that was insufficient and also dirty. 

On their walks to the spring and back to school, they used roads that were full of motorcycles, which posed a risk to them. They also wasted a lot of time in search of water. Pupils in this school might not have expressed their frustration and despair, but it was evident in their faces. Given an option, some of them would have opted to drop out of school rather than suffer for lack of water in their pursuit of education.

When they heard that a borehole was about to be drilled in their school, they were so excited about that day. When the rig finally landed in the school compound, it was welcomed by songs, dances, and celebrations. At that time, it was difficult to distinguish between a teacher and a pupil, since everyone was dancing in their own style. Their thirst and desire for water made the whole school compound noisy, with the whole Khaunga fraternity running all over the school compound. 

The arrival of the rig marked the end of lessons that day. All eyes were glued on the proceedings around the rig. 

Immediately as water splashed out, everybody was up on their toes celebrating the arrival of water.

The presence of water meant an end to yellow jerry cans in the morning. An end to those long trips to the spring. An end to stampedes and struggles in the spring. An end to drinking dirty and contaminated water. Instead, this began a new era of academic excellence, a clean learning environment, and high hygiene standards in school. All these could be seen in their faces and heard in their voices as they sang.

People who have plenty may not understand what it means to lack. Someone may not know the worth of something until it is gone. Water is one of the commodities that cannot be manufactured in industries. Khaunga Primary School gave me another opportunity to see and learn what it means to lack water and the feeling of finally getting it.

Whoever gave their donations to fund the project in Khaunga Primary School may not know how many lives they have touched. They may not know how many candles they have lit in people’s lives. Because of them, very many pupils will end up realizing their dreams and becoming better people in the future. This is a true investment that will save an entire generation.

I am humbled!

The Joy of Clean Water

The following section is by: Olivia Bomji

Water is life, and we all cannot survive without it. We all need water to drink, to cook, wash hands and water for other domestic needs. Without water, life is unbearable. That’s why we all need water, be it at home, school, place of work, church and health care facilities. Water defines human life so without it, people will struggle to find it and this will force them to direct all their energy looking for water instead of doing other things to better themselves.

Visiting Khaunga Primary School for the first time was a shock to me. A school with a population of over 1,200 pupils with no water is incomprehensible. The pupils and teachers were finding it difficult to be in school. As we all know, a school is a place where pupils get knowledge and skills and not a place to fetch water. The teachers were supposed to teach and not to escort pupils to fetch water. But at Khaunga primary school both the pupils and teachers are affected differently because they all waste time looking for water instead of being in school.

The struggle was real: for the pupils to wake up early in the morning to come to school, of carrying water and books; and of ensuring students work hard to fulfill their dreams of becoming things like teachers, doctors, nurses, engineers, and lawyers. I mean, the struggle on pupil’s faces was visible. Though they put on smiles, I could tell they were trying to be happy, but deep inside their hearts, they were sad because they were tired of fetching water every day.It is not easy to fetch water everyday but the pupils were hopeful that one day they will have water in school.

Walking together with the pupils to the unprotected spring to fetch water reminded me of years ago during my days in primary school. We carried water to school, too — every day, we faced the same water challenges as the pupils at Khaunga Primary School, even twenty years later. The hard journey made me sad for them, but at the same time I was hopeful that one day the storm would be over, and the school would have access to clean and safe water.

Carrying water to school every day was not easy, but that was their way of life. The school had no option but to ask its pupils to carry water from home every morning and during the day from the unprotected spring. The school needs water for it to be habitable, which is why the pupils had to carry water so often.

The general sanitation and hygiene at school is key and the teachers and pupils ensured that they did all they could to bring water at school despite the distance. Every Grade had a day set aside for them to carry water to school and this relieved other pupils that carried water the previous day. The pupils ensured that all the hand washing stations had water, the school kitchen had water and they also had some water to drink in their containers during the day at school.

I salute the teachers and parents of Khaunga Primary School because they ensured the safety of the pupils while going to fetch water by accompanying them on their long walks. After they would arrive at school, they would always take a roll call to be certain that all the pupils came back to school safe and sound. Although it was so hard for the teachers to control such a big number of pupils every day at the spring to fetch water, their coordination was great and all the pupils came back to school with water.

Before the installation of the borehole well, Head Teacher Mr. Benson Waboyabo expressed his hopes for his school’s future: “I have witnessed many projects done successfully by The Water Project, and I believe that the boys and girls of Khaunga Primary School will soon get access to clean and safe water. Our pupils have been suffering for so long, but I believe The Water Project will solve our problems soon.”

The head teacher’s trust in The Water Project was the only hope they had for the school to have clean and safe water.

Two months after we visited Khaunga Primary School, The Water Project came to the school to drill a borehole. It was all joy and celebration in the school and the community. The pupils and teachers could not hide their joy; they sang and danced, and I could feel how they were eagerly waiting for the water project.

The Water Project gave hope to and made dreams come true for the boys and girls of Khaunga Primary School. Access to clean water will make dreams come true for the boys and girls, and they will enjoy going to school every day.  That is why we all need access to clean and safe water.

The teachers were not left behind in the celebration, and seeing them dancing, jumping, and singing with the pupils melted my heart. That was the most memorable part, which made me cry tears of joy. They spent three days watching the drilling process, and every drop of water that shot up during the drilling process made them happier and happier. What a journey!  They say patience pays, although it sometimes delays. Khaunga Primary School had waited for so long to get water, but finally, it was a new dawn. 

All thanks go to the donors and The Water Project, for making the invisible visible.

The post A New Dawn in Khaunga Primary School first appeared on The Water Project.

This Mother’s Day, we honor the fierce and tender love of mothers like Maureen. Below, Maureen shares what life was like before her community gained access to safe water — and the transformation that clean water made possible for her children, her family, and her dreams.

Before we protected the spring in her Western Kenya community, Maureen never had the time or health to do the things she would have liked. Now, she’s a farmer, brickmaker, businesswoman, and mother of two newly healthy (and adorable) children.

Background

Can you introduce yourself and tell us about your family or your role in the community?

“My name is Maureen Ambulwa from [the] Tumaini community. I am married, a mother of two children. My husband and I do practice small-scale farming [on] our small piece of family land. I am also privileged to serve as the treasurer of the Water User Committee for Ndombi Spring.”

What was your life like before your community had clean water?

“Before 2019, fetching water from the spring was a daily struggle that tested both patience and resilience — especially for women and mothers like me. 

“Our water source was nothing more than an open hole in the ground, exposed to the elements and every form of contamination imaginable. When it rained, soil and debris would wash right into it, turning the water murky with filth. Leaves, insects, and sometimes even animal and human waste found their way into the stagnant pool. 

“It was a place that many passed by with a grimace. If you told someone you had drunk water from there, they would look at you in disbelief, maybe even with a bit of pity. It did not just look dirty — it was dirty. Yet, for families like mine, it was the only option.

“Fetching water was my biggest hustle of the day because it was a slow and messy process. Women would meet at the water point early for water, but spent the better part of the morning to get [it]. 

“We would lower our jerrycans into the pool, trying to scoop carefully without stirring up the sediment. But no matter how gentle the effort, the water would cloud up instantly. One person’s turn meant the next had to wait, sometimes long minutes, for the water to settle again before they could try their luck. It was an act of endurance — standing there in the heat or mud, kids tugging at your kitenge (African attire), waiting for a chance at water that was barely clean enough for washing, let alone drinking.”

Transformation

What’s the biggest change you’ve experienced in your life since water arrived?

“The biggest change? It has to be the health of my children and the peace that has come with it.

“Before the spring was protected, life was incredibly hard. My children, and those of my co-wives in the homestead, were constantly falling sick with diarrhoea, typhoid, stomach infections, you name it. All of it traced back to that filthy water we depended on.

“I was the one mostly responsible for taking the children to the healthcare facilities. At every visit, the nurses would scold me like I did not care enough. ‘Why don’t you boil the water for these children?’ they would ask. 

“And it wasn’t that I didn’t try. I did, but the fact that the water was unsafe created more room for one to contract these ailments more easily.

“I used to boil water every evening or add liquid chlorine when I could afford it, and pour it into a clay pot in the house. I told the children to only drink from here! But how could I monitor every cup they took when they were thirsty, when they were playing, or even at school? It was impossible to control, and the sickness just kept coming. 

“We spent so much time and money at the hospital, and this was draining everything we had. And every time I walked into that clinic, I braced myself for the judgment, the cold looks, the harsh words from the nurses.

“Right now, the water is good and safe. I have saved a lot of money that I have used to fence my farm and reinvest in it. I recently tilled it and planted some maize and beans and vegetables, which I sell in the market.

“Protecting this water really worked magic. I can confidently say that I have not gone to the hospital for any water-related illness in a very long time. The children have grown and are healthy, and every time I see them, I smile, not wanting to forget old memories.”

How has clean water helped you reach a personal goal or dream?

“Clean water has changed my life by helping me reach goals that I once thought were far off my reach. 

“My husband and I are both farmers, but initially I did not get time to help him in the farm because fetching water consumed much of my time. However, since the protection of the spring, I have had much time saved. We work together in our farm and we have seen real progress in our work. 

“We are now able to care for our crops and livestock more consistently. As a result, our milk production is better now and we are selling more at the market, thus getting us a steady income, something we could not count on before.

“But beyond the farm, clean water has touched my life in deeper, more personal ways. A few years ago, we lived in a small house, and our compound (yard) was open — no fence, nothing really to call our own. But now we have a bigger house with a fence around it, and better space for our livestock. 

“My kitchen garden is thriving well. I don’t remember the last time I bought vegetables from the market — maybe just fruits —  but even those are few, because I have bananas and guavas right here at home.”

What are you able to do now that you never could have imagined before?

“I have my own business. 

“Back then, I was a stay-at-home wife and could not do a lot, as I always had to take care of someone sick, or myself, or be out cleaning. Right now, after taking care of the few house chores in the morning, I can organize some small vegetables and take them to the market and make some money that I can reinvest in my family. Sometimes, even my neighbors come to purchase vegetables in the evenings.”

Have you seen a change in your children’s or neighbours’ lives, too?

“Yes. My children have become healthier. Just like I said, we hardly visit the hospitals anymore. Our biggest challenge was water, and that was solved a few years back, and now we tackle other issues that are not water-related. 

“Even when Madam Betty Muhongo (the project’s Field Officer) visits us sometimes, she always asks how we are doing and if there is any trouble. We talk to her and she guides us. She has really held our hands. 

“In the community, and my neighbors, they have also become better people. When the spring was made, they at first did not think too much about it, but after realizing that they fell ill less often, they take care of the spring with a lot of passion as they found out it was the [thing] that kept them from hospitals. When you visit the spring even after a week, you will find that someone has cleaned it recently, or someone is cleaning it.”

Bragging Rights

What are you most proud of today?

“I am proud of the life I have built with the help of my husband, and with the support we received when clean water came to our village. 

“I look around my home now and see growth. I see my children healthy and strong. I see my kitchen garden full of vegetables that I planted. I see a compound that is fenced, animals that are well cared for, and a bigger, better house than I never imagined I would live in.

“I am proud of the fact that I no longer sit at home feeling stuck. I run a small business now and I can contribute to my family income. That gives me confidence. It gives me joy. But above all, I am proud that I have been able to care for my family better. That my children drink safe water and don’t fall sick like before and that my husband can focus on his work without constantly worrying about hospital bills. That we now live with peace and dignity, for me, that is everything.”

What do you want the people who made this possible to know about how far you’ve come?

“We are healthier, stronger, and with renewed energy to farm, to raise our families, and even to run businesses. Personally, I have grown, become more confident, more hopeful, and more independent. My home is better, my children are thriving, and I feel proud of the life we are building.

“Thank you — from my heart. You did not just give us clean water, but too, it is peace of mind, freed time, and a chance to dream again, and to move forward. You gave us life. Let it be known that your support has made a real, lasting difference in our community.”

If you could say one thing to the people who donated to make this happen, what would it be?

“Thank you for changing our lives. Your donation gave hope, dignity, and a fresh start. May you be blessed for the kindness you showed to people that you have never even met. We are grateful, and we will never forget what you have done for us.”

Conclusion

Maureen’s story shows how safe water can become a foundation for healthier, stronger, and more hopeful lives — for mothers, families, and entire communities.

This Mother’s Day, you can honor the strength of the mother in your life — or the person who raised you — by giving the gift of safe water.

Donate now and make a life-changing difference for another mother like Maureen.

The post Mother’s Day 2025: Maureen’s Transformation in Her Own Words first appeared on The Water Project.

Whenever you’re sick, it’s the nurses who make you feel seen and cared for. They inform doctors’ decisions, take on the brunt of hands-on care work, and act quickly when emergencies happen to prevent tragedy. Nurses, their loved ones, and their patients all know the critical importance and impact of their work, and yet, they rarely get the full recognition and appreciation they deserve.

Where The Water Project works in sub-Saharan Africa, nurses labor under an even greater burden when their clinics lack safe water. They see patients in exam rooms without handwashing stations, and maternity wards where the only water comes from a jerrycan someone carried in.

At The Water Project, we believe that nurses shouldn’t have to fight to provide care — they should be supported in it. Today, we wanted to share with you the strength of one dedicated nurse who still faces water scarcity every day.

When a Caregiver is the One in Need

In rural Western Kenya, Shivakala Health Center cares for 60 outpatients a day. The facility has just two clinical staff members — and no consistent water source on campus.

Every day, Shivakala’s Nurse Phanice Keya works hard to improve her patients’ health. But it’s hard for her because she knows she could serve them better if the facility had access to safe and reliable water.

There’s one small rain tank, but it doesn’t hold enough water to serve the staff and patients, and it dries out frequently. When this happens, clinic staff members fetch water from a partially protected spring. But the walk is long (several kilometers away!), and the water source is overcrowded at times. Beyond that, the water is contaminated, which complicates giving it to patients, especially when it is needed for taking medication.

“As a nurse at Shivakala Dispensary, I am deeply concerned about the quality of our drinking water,” Phanice shared. 

“Both [of our] current water sources are contaminated, posing a significant risk to everyone — staff, patients, and our families. It is heartbreaking to see patients suffer from diseases that could be prevented by the availability of clean water.”​

Phanice’s patients come to her already vulnerable. Whether they’re injured, seeking preventative care, bringing a new life into the world, or already ill from a water-related disease, the lack of water at the facility could impact their health outcomes negatively. As a compassionate person, the fact that Phanice can’t provide them with water during their time under her care must eat at her heart.

Our field officer, Christine Masinde, witnessed Phanice’s care for those under her care firsthand.

“While speaking with the nursing staff, I could feel her deep concern for [the] health and well-being of her patients and other staff, including herself. She described how [the] lack of clean water affects everything: from basic hygiene to [the] sterilization of medical equipment and tools, making it clear how critical this issue is to their daily operations and the quality of care they can provide. Her dedication to [her] work despite these challenges highlighted the urgent need for a reliable [water] source.”​

Like many nurses around the world, Phanice is doing a lot with too few resources. But her empathy for her patients is her greatest tool. Safe water is another crucial tool that we can add to her toolbelt.

A Daily, Year-Round Cost

The rainwater tank at Shivakala rarely provides enough water for the clinic’s needs. During dry seasons, the clinic resorts to buying up to 15 jerrycans of water per day, which strains its budget and bandwidth. When those funds run out, the staff is left without any water at all to care for their patients.

The wet season doesn’t always help the situation, though. The rain flushes more contaminants into the water, raising the instances of waterborne disease for staff and patients alike. The eroded, steep paths to the spring become slick with mud, causing fall injuries. 

The bottom line? Fetching water off-site wastes time and energy that could be spent caring for patients.

And still, Phanice continues to care deeply for every person who walks through the doors.

“When we (healthcare workers) get sick, our work is affected, which compromises the quality of care that we offer,” she said.

Clean Water Transforms Everything

We’re planning to drill a borehole well for Shivakala Health Center — news that filled Phanice with hope.

“Thanks to The Water Project, a new borehole will be drilled [here] soon!” Phanice said. “We thank God for answering our prayers through them.

“Clean water is a basic necessity, and it is truly unfortunate that we are still struggling with this issue of contaminated water. Water is a valuable commodity which significantly improves our health outcomes and overall well-being. It allows us to focus on providing the best care possible to our community.”

When water flows, nurses stay healthy. Clean water is a foundation of good patient care.

Hope for the Future: Katelyn’s Dream

When we invest in clean water, we don’t just empower nurses currently improving their patients’ health and well-being. We also bring hope and possibility to the caregivers of tomorrow. 

Just ask Katelyn, a 13-year-old student at Kapsoi Primary School. We followed up with her last month because her school has now had safe water access for a whole year.

Before a well was installed at her school, Katelyn faced daily water struggles, too: long walks to a dirty stream, missed classes, and health issues from contaminated water.

But now?

“My dream for the future is to become a nurse,” Katelyn said. 

“I want to help people in my community, especially children, stay healthy and strong. I’ve seen how clean water has made a big difference in my life and in our school, and I want to be someone who brings more good changes like that.”

Katelyn is thriving. Because she has clean water, she has a chance to dream—and to achieve.

“I dream of finishing school with good grades, going to college, and making my parents proud. I want to support my family one day and teach other girls that they can achieve their dreams too, no matter where they come from. Clean water has helped me stay in school and given me hope. Now I believe my dreams are possible.”

From the Front Lines to the Future

Let’s remember the role clean water plays for healthcare workers: it’s an indispensable lifeline. For nurses like Phanice. For future nurses like Katelyn. And for every patient caught in between.

Clean water helps nurses stay well so they can keep others healthy. And it inspires the next generation to follow in their footsteps.

Thank you for caring about nurses — and clean water.

The post The Nurses Who Heal — and the Water That Helps Them Do It first appeared on The Water Project.

It’s no wonder we receive this question from time to time — people want to be sure we aren’t stealing from future generations’ water supply by building our water projects.

And it’s a fair concern. Human pollution can have a devastating effect on groundwater (water beneath Earth’s surface). And, if humans drill too many wells in one spot, aquifers can eventually run dry.

But where The Water Project (TWP) works in Sub-Saharan Africa, groundwater remains an underutilized lifeline — one that can be accessed safely, sustainably, and equitably when the right systems are in place. Our team, in partnership with local government and global best practices, has built a deep understanding of how our boreholes interact with aquifers and groundwater levels. 

Here’s what we’ve learned.

The Problem

An aquifer is a naturally occurring underground layer of water-bearing rock or sediment. 

Aquifers’ water-holding and contamination-protecting properties vary based on their surrounding geology. Some are shallow and vulnerable to contamination. Others are deeper and naturally protected. Some refill relatively quickly. Others “recharge” slowly over time.

“The groundwater boom has also led to serious declines in groundwater levels in some areas, with attendant problems of quality deterioration, environmental degradation, and rising costs as some regions and countries now use more groundwater than is recharged naturally.”

Cobbing, 2019

Because rainfall levels take so long to affect underground aquifers, one drought won’t necessarily harm a community’s underground water resources. 

“One of the greatest benefits of groundwater is its resilience to climatic variation. Groundwater is not reliant on the last 1–2 years of rainfall, but integrates rainfall over years and decades.”

UNESCO

But this benefit can become a detriment when times are dire: When we extract too much groundwater, aquifers often take a long time to refill. Hydrogeologists and water resource engineers have developed methods to replicate this recharging process artificially, but adoption of this practice has been slow.

The Untapped Opportunity

Despite dire headlines about global groundwater depletion in much of the world, most of Sub-Saharan Africa isn’t running out of groundwater like other nations that have been extracting high volumes for years. 

“Regions heavily reliant on groundwater for irrigation include North America and South Asia, where 59% and 57% of the equipped area use groundwater, respectively, while in Northern Africa it is 35% and in Sub-Saharan Africa only 5%.”

UNESCO

Water sector experts have already mapped Africa’s vast groundwater resources. But unfortunately, the people of sub-Saharan Africa are still struggling to access their groundwater in the first place. The real constraint in many African regions is not water scarcity, but the absence of services and infrastructure: energy, trained personnel, equipment, financing, and institutional support.

At The Water Project, we’ve seen this firsthand. Water stress in the areas we serve is often the result of poverty, not hydrology.

Poverty Limits Water Access—Not the Aquifer

In these regions, a lack of water access doesn’t mean a lack of groundwater. It means there aren’t enough resources to tap into it safely and reliably.

“At first glance, drilling and handpump technology does not appear to be incredibly complicated. However, the combination of technical, social, and institutional dimensions means that the provision of a sustainable groundwater resource is actually quite complex. ”

Rural Water Supply Network

Think of it like this: the aquifer is the pantry. But the community doesn’t have a key to open the door. Or worse — maybe they do have a key, but it’s rusty, and the lock is broken. That’s what it’s like relying on a contaminated spring or an unprotected well.

“In many Sub-Saharan countries, the water resources department of government is chronically underfunded, under-skilled and often ignored even when major problems are identified.”

Rural Water Supply Network

That’s where The Water Project comes in. With a properly sited, drilled, and maintained borehole, that deep groundwater becomes accessible to the whole community — without overdrawing the supply.

Not All Aquifers Are the Same

Even with so much groundwater just lying in wait for human use, being mindful of where and when we drill wells is still crucial. After all, there is much we can learn from previous generations’ mistakes in other parts of the world.

This is why we never drill a well blindly.

Before siting a borehole, we conduct hydrogeological surveys to understand the local geology, aquifer depth, and recharge conditions. We only proceed when groundwater access is both viable and sustainable. If it’s not, we don’t drill.

In our Western Kenya service area, the government requires that all planned borehole wells have an environmental impact report and hydrogeological survey conducted by an accredited hydrogeologist. Because the site has to be pre-approved by the government before drilling begins, this process often begins months before the drilling. The Water Project is fortunate to have an accredited hydrogeologist on staff in Western Kenya, who coordinates with the government and guides us in our effort to access precious groundwater resources responsibly. 

In Uganda, we conduct hydrogeological surveys at the time of drilling. The drillers conduct the survey and use it as a tool for borehole well siting, ensuring that groundwater is available before the drilling process begins. 

In Sierra Leone, our local team uses its own equipment for the surveys in order to reduce the frequency of failed drills in this region. Though the government does not require pre-approval of hydrogeological surveys, the Port Loko District is a geologically complex area that can be tricky for drilling, and a positive result from the hydrogeological survey improves the likelihood of success.

In every case, local geology matters. 

Residential Boreholes Don’t Have the Yield to Drain Aquifers

Globally, 69% of groundwater is used for agriculture, 22% for domestic use, and 9% for industry. The small-scale withdrawals from TWP-supported schools, healthcare facilities, and households are minimal by comparison.

A single community borehole typically serves a few hundred people, each drawing just a few liters per person per day. Compared to large-scale agricultural or industrial pumping, the water drawn from community boreholes is minimal.

In fact, our team has examined this concern in detail and concluded that individual boreholes — especially those informed by hydrogeological surveys and monitored over time — do not pose a risk of depleting their aquifers. The maximum yield of most boreholes in our programs is simply too small to create a significant regional drawdown.

“An individual handpump is very unlikely to deplete an aquifer because the abstraction rate is so low compared to the replenishment of the resource by the average annual recharge. However, the combined effects of dozens, or hundreds of pumps at times of water stress (e.g. at the end of the dry season) may cause problems.”

Rural Water Supply Network

That means our water points, while carefully managed, do not significantly strain the aquifers from which they draw. But that doesn’t mean it will always stay that way, which is why we continue to monitor groundwater levels throughout the regions we serve.

For example: The Water Project worked with researchers to simulate the impact of new wells in Kenya’s Kakamega and Vihiga counties, where many of our projects are located. Using a groundwater modeling tool called MODFLOW, they input real-world data like rainfall, soil type, aquifer depth, and river locations to test how new boreholes might affect groundwater levels.

The result? Even when the model assumed a full-size community well, most sites showed little to no long-term drawdown. In fact, the modeling process helped identify which areas were best suited for new wells — and flagged a few spots that might be more sensitive, so we could avoid them.

This modeling gives us confidence that our boreholes won’t deplete the aquifers. It also gives us a powerful tool for future planning, especially as more communities request access to safe water.

We design our projects with sustainability at their core. 

Monitoring Ensures We Catch Problems Early

Borehole viability isn’t a “set it and forget it” situation. Every borehole installed through The Water Project is added to our ongoing Water Promise maintenance program.

Through this system, our monitoring and maintenance team members routinely track the following components of borehole wells:

• Pump usage and functionality
• Static water level (the depth of a well’s water table before pumping begins)
• Signs of aquifer stress
• Community feedback and usage patterns

This data helps us identify issues early and ensures a project’s long-term sustainability. If a borehole starts underperforming or its water yields decrease, we can investigate and respond quickly.

A Safety Net for Shared Water Tables

In some areas, multiple water points may draw from the same aquifer. We’ve seen this especially in Western Kenya, where boreholes, protected springs, and shallow wells may share a groundwater source.

“Groundwater is an incredible gift of natural water supply infrastructure. However, unlike a man-made water supply network, an aquifer is not designed with the human end-user in mind and it doesn’t exist in isolation. There are linkages between groundwater, rivers, lakes and wetlands. Therefore, whatever is taken for human use may have an ecological impact nearby. Understanding the cause-and-effect relationships requires detailed, long term data collection and study.”

Rural Water Supply Network

To prevent overlap and oversaturation, our teams:

• Use hydrogeological maps and our water point monitoring software’s vetting tools
• Engage government water officials and community water management groups
• Check for nearby water points before drilling

We designed these checks to avoid clustering water points and to protect the integrity of aquifers as a shared resource.

More Boreholes, More Spread-Out Water Access

In fact, when boreholes are thoughtfully sited and maintained, adding more water points can actually reduce pressure on any single source — helping preserve access to groundwater over the long term.

In some regions where aquifer depletion is a problem, demand is concentrated at a handful of old water points. Too many people drawing from one source can stress it — not always because of overpumping, but sometimes because of poor design or lack of maintenance.

Spreading out water use by installing multiple properly functioning boreholes — each monitored, maintained, and built to match the local hydrogeology — relieves pressure on any one source. This reduces the risk of mechanical failure, improves water access, and preserves groundwater in the long run.

TWP is working on long-term groundwater sustainability efforts, both by publishing papers to raise awareness on the issue and by sharing our basic water point data through our water point monitoring software, mWater, for other entities to use.

So… Do TWP’s Wells Deplete Groundwater Reserves?

No, because we do them right.

Borehole wells aren’t a silver bullet. But when they’re thoughtfully sited, responsibly drilled, and monitored over time, they’re one of the most powerful tools we have to create safe, reliable water access in sub-Saharan Africa.

In our work areas, we’re not running out of groundwater. We’re running out of time — time to turn underground potential into real-world impact. Time to reach every last household still walking and waiting for water. And time to meet the UN’s goal of universal access to safe water by 2030.

That’s the work we’re committed to every day. And every borehole well we build — and even every well we don’t build when conditions aren’t right — is part of a bigger promise: to protect this precious resource while unlocking it for the people who need it most. And to keep that water flowing.

Want to be part of that promise? Support sustainable water access today.

The post Do The Water Project’s Wells Deplete Groundwater Reserves? first appeared on The Water Project.

Yellow jerry cans have been part of us and our families for decades in Kenya. Growing up, I saw our mothers using yellow jerrycans to fetch and store water in our homes. I have carried many trips of water from the river and back home using yellow jerrycans for years. During that time, we enjoyed carrying water on our heads because it was normal and our way of life. 

The jerrycan design was developed by the German army in World War II. German engineers invented the cans for armed forces to carry fuel and other fluids. The can was originally called a Wehrmatchkanister (or “defense force canister”). Originally, they were made of metal, but today’s version, in Africa, is made of their trademark yellow plastic. 

Years later, people repurposed the cans for water storage in areas facing water scarcity. That is how the yellow jerrycan became a symbol of the water crisis and the challenges of accessing clean water.

Cooking oil companies here in Kenya and across Africa produce different types of cooking oil packaged in plastic containers. The containers help many community members because, after using the cooking oil, they can then reuse its container for fetching and storing water. And besides that, the container is also cheap and affordable.

Water is the source of life, yet for millions of people across sub-Saharan Africa, it remains a scarce and precious commodity. Water scarcity forces people to buy yellow jerrycans for fetching water and as water storage containers. 

Here in Western Kenya, many communities are still struggling to gain access to clean water. Some schools and dispensaries still depend on rainwater. And their most common water storage method is jerrycans. Because of this, the yellow jerrycans are the most important item in our homes. Any home here in Africa owns several containers of yellow jerrycans, including mine. 

The last three months have been tough in my house because we have been receiving water only twice a week due to rationing. This forces me to ensure that I maximize the two days’ supply by filling all my yellow jerrycans with water that will sustain my family and me throughout the remaining days. Water is key in every household and institution. It is better not to have electricity than water, because staying hydrated and having enough water defines humanity.

Working with The Water Project for the past eight years has made me realize that using yellow jerrycans to fetch water is a sign of the water crisis. I think when someone is born in a community and nurtured according to the values, beliefs, and customs of that community, they believe and trust what they see and what they have been practicing for years. That is why I didn’t see any fault in carrying yellow jerrycans with water every day. Although it was tedious and tiresome, we did it because we didn’t have any options at that time.  

Right now, when I go back home to our village to visit my mother, I don’t think I will be able to walk to the river and carry water. I now view things differently. My desire is to see my mother one day having water at home and not carrying water from the river every day. The partnership between The Water Project and the government of Kenya is creating a lot of impact in Kenya. For many years to come, many homes, schools, and health centers will have access to clean and safe water closer to them, including my home village, where my mother is still fetching water from the river. 

According to the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goal 6, access to water, sanitation, and hygiene is a human right. But when we visit many schools and communities here in Kenya, they are still struggling to get access to clean and safe water. I am so thankful that The Water Project makes dreams come true for those schools and communities. We protect springs, drill boreholes, and provide sanitation facilities to communities, schools, and health centers that are in need. Not just in need of water, but of clean and safe water.

It is my prayer and hope that one day, yellow jerrycans will be a thing of the past, and people will be getting water right at their homes, schools, and health centers. But I know that The Water Project will not do this alone. It is upon all of us to put our resources together and help mothers and children get access to clean and safe water. Let’s come together to support The Water Project and do away with yellow jerrycans in Africa.

The post Yellow Jerrycans: A Symbol of the Water Crisis first appeared on The Water Project.

As Allison Gregory, our Director of Monitoring, Evaluation, Resolution, and Learning, said: “We are providing services, not just water points.”

We monitor and maintain all water projects across our program areas, and our team identifies trends — like specific types of water points going dry during certain months — that raise red flags and spur us into action. 

Allison said: “When you work for an organization like The Water Project that values this data and is willing to act on it, you can use data to guide decision-making, and that leads to more effective solutions over time.”

We don’t just monitor water points — we act on what we learn. And when a water source doesn’t perform as expected, we work with local teams to find a better solution. 

Today, we’re highlighting a few issues we’ve noticed recently in our Kenya work area and how we are working to address them.

Our Process

To understand how our water projects perform after installation, we collect functionality data with each of our four quarterly monitoring visits. “Functionality” is based on a number of survey questions our team asks to measure each project’s performance. 

Our field technicians check if an adequate quantity of water is available, look for signs of damage or wear, and ask community members how their water source is meeting their needs.

Allison explained, “This data gives us a view into how these water points are performing over time. We are always learning and coming up with new ideas to improve our systems.”

Patterns and Problems

Eucalyptus Trees

When we mapped spring protection projects in 2022, we noticed a pattern. These spring protections were more likely to run dry during drought seasons if non-native eucalyptus trees were growing nearby. 

“Most farmers here plant eucalyptus trees because they grow fast compared to indigenous trees, and they have a ready market, more so in the building and construction industry,” explained Western Kenya Program Officer Sam Ngidiwe.

Eucalyptus trees pull large volumes of water from the soil, especially in dry periods, which can compromise spring flow. Since identifying this correlation, we’ve worked with communities to remove these trees and prevent new ones from being planted close to water sources. 

For more details about this issue and its resolution, you can read more here.

Western Kenya Rainwater Harvesting Tanks

After reviewing data from school rain tanks in Western Kenya, our team noted that those water sources weren’t always meeting students’ needs year-round. We analyzed the data thoroughly, examining technical issues as well as factors like school enrollment and water usage rates, and determined that rainwater tanks may not be the best intervention for high-population schools in Western Kenya. Instead of treating those projects as one-time interventions, we listened, learned, and adapted. 

“Consistent data over time helped us see when rain tanks were going dry in Western Kenya and helped us make the programming decision to start drilling boreholes,” Allison said. 

Allison shared that our team “followed up on rainwater tank functionality in Western Kenya with a mixed methods study, collecting data through focus groups, key informant interviews, and additional surveys.” 

“Collecting qualitative data gave us a new perspective because we were able to hear directly from schools on key issues that the Program team was grappling with,” Allison explains. “I think engaging users in this way is meaningful follow-up.”

In response, we began installing boreholes wherever possible and piloted gutter extension projects to help schools with repeated rainwater shortages capture more rainwater.

Tangent: Why Rain Tanks, Then?

One natural question some readers may have is: If rain tanks sometimes go dry, why do we still build them in Southeast Kenya?

The answer lies in regional variation.

“Each of our program areas is so unique—not only geographically, but also in diverse climates, cultures, implementing strategies, and supporting environments,” Allison says. “We try to stratify our data to identify trends by region where we can.”

In Southeast Kenya, rain tanks continue to be an effective, reliable source of water for schools.

Through the power of remote sensing, we’ve been able to observe a sample of rainwater tanks in each program area. We partnered with a Nairobi-based company called Mobi-Water to install tank-level sensors on rainwater tanks in Southeast and Western Kenya. Rainwater tanks are more susceptible to seasonal fluctuations than groundwater sources, so we found that quarterly monitoring visits weren’t giving us the full picture. The sensor data gives us more information about daily water access and how it changes in the dry season.

“Rainwater is an important source in these regions,” Allison explains. “A rainwater tank could make a huge difference for schools in terms of time students spend searching for water, days where water is available on school grounds, etc.”

Even during Southeast Kenya’s increasingly lengthy dry season, our data shows that rain tanks often provide reliable water access to their respective schools.

Hand-Dug Wells in Southeast Kenya

In some communities in Southeast Kenya, shallow wells connected to sand dams experience seasonal drops in water levels.

“Right now, Southeast Kenya is experiencing a dry period, and 25% of the dug wells are nonfunctional,” Allison said. “We estimate that about half of those are due to a vandalism issue we are working to address. So, closer to 15% are assumed to be dry right now. Only 3% of the rainwater tanks in Southeast Kenya are nonfunctional.”

That doesn’t necessarily mean the community is left without options.

In these rural areas, where homes and farms are often spread out across large distances, we often construct multiple sand dam and shallow well pairs to serve the same general population. When you see a community name like “Nzakya Community 2A” on our website, it means that’s our second sand dam/shallow well set in that area.

But rather than jumping to build a new project whenever one runs dry, we let the community choose whether to build another.

“Project priorities are based on engagement with local groups and their desire to do more projects,” Allison explained. “Some are content with just one or two dams and wells, while others want more.”

If conditions allow for additional wells and the community is ready to take them on, we continue building. 

And when we build, we always try to build better than we did the last time. For example, we have learned that building larger sand dams over wider riverbeds retains a lot more water through dry seasons. In other words, when the sand dam length increases, so too does the functionality of its nearby well.

“Regular data collection and analysis helped us identify minimum widths for sand dams,” Allison said. “We found that wider sand dams correlate with more functional wells (more likely to have water in the dry season), so we started prioritizing those wider riverbeds.”

Through further exploration, we also identified more variables we can investigate in the future: for instance, the volume of sand behind the dam, the number of sand dams in the river channel, and the river channel’s width. 

The findings from this study helped to improve reliable year-round water access for communities in southeastern Kenya.

From Data to Decisions

At The Water Project, we’re committed to fixing what’s broken and strive to build a culture of data-informed improvement.

“Collecting data on the functionality of water points several times per year, visualizing that data on dashboards, and asking communities and schools to call in to report when their water points stop working keeps functionality in the conversation all the time,” Allison said. “This leads to so many tiny shifts and adjustments that are hard to quantify, but have really shaped our work and gotten us to where we are today: an organization that relies on data to provide the best water services possible.” 

Why This Matters—and How You Can Help

The Water Promise is how we ensure water keeps flowing. It’s our commitment to long-term reliability, built on a foundation of data, local relationships, and ongoing care. 

The name comes from our promise to each community to keep their water flowing. As our founder, Peter, always says, “Broken water points are broken promises.”

When donors like you support The Water Promise, you sustain water points through regular monitoring, community feedback, and smart program adjustments.

If you believe water should keep flowing year after year — through every season, and through every challenge — then you’re already part of that mission. By deepening your support today — through a new monthly gift or by increasing your current donation — you can ensure even more communities have reliable, lasting water access. Together, we can make water truly sustainable for the people we serve.

The post Adapting Through Data: How We Combat Seasonal Dryness in Kenya first appeared on The Water Project.

Students from Kenya, the United States, and Malta picked up their pens and spoke from the heart about something everyone needs, but we don’t all have: water.

We find ourselves incredibly moved by how these poems reveal not just the impact of water — but the impact of empathy, creativity, and awareness. Whether contemplative, practical, or lyrical, these poems reflect a deep understanding of water’s importance. Some voices reflect hardship, some gratitude, some urgency — but all carry wisdom well beyond the writers’ years.

Below, we’ve featured excerpts and full poems from students across the globe. Let their words “wash” over you.

Note: We’ve redacted students’ full names to respect their privacy.

A Poem of Pain and Healing

This haunting poem reminds us that while water is essential, it’s not a cure-all — especially for emotional wounds. A powerful start to our collection.

Water as a Daily Gift

A gentle, rhythmic list of everyday tasks — drinking, cooking, washing — becomes a quiet call to action:

Both poems remind us that something so essential can also be fragile — and deserves our care.

The Call to Protect

And from a different poem by a group of girls at St. Jude Shikoti Girls’ Boarding Primary School:

“Simple, natural, sharing: a lifesaver is water. / So should we be in our character.”

Empathy and Action

Students from Campbell High School in the U.S. reflected on their own access to water — and what that means for others around the world. This amazing school even has its own Water Project Club, showing just how passionate these students are about spreading access to safe and reliable water.

And Aida from Sleeping Giant Middle School recognizes her own privilege when it comes to safe water access.

These poems offer a powerful reminder: awareness is the first step toward change.

Visions of a Bright Future

Some students responded with simple joy and creativity.

A Deep Understanding

This collective poem touches on both abundance and scarcity, privilege and responsibility.

A Global Tapestry of Voices

From Kenya to Malta, from Georgia to Montana and Florida, students are thinking about the same thing: how precious water is — and what it means to share it.

A thousand thanks to every student who submitted a poem. You’ve helped put into words what The Water Project has always believed: water connects us, inspires us, and moves us.

Poems’ Full Text

If these poems moved you, consider joining us in bringing clean water to more communities. Start your own fundraiser or make a donation in honor of these young poets.

The post Celebrating World Poetry Day: Voices on Water from Around the Globe first appeared on The Water Project.

To help you imagine what that struggle feels like, we’d like to introduce you to four people. Each of them lives in a different part of Africa, and each of them has to work hard just to get water each day.

Western Kenya: Lincoln’s Story

The girls in 15-year-old Lincoln’s community of Buloma make fun of him. Every day, he leaves his home to fetch water for his household — but everyone in sub-Saharan Africa knows that’s a job for women and girls.

“I was laughed [at] by girls, saying that fetching water is a girl thing,” Lincoln said. “I really felt ashamed. When my mother sends me for water, I can’t refuse her, because [I] am the only child, and I have to help her. I just take in the insults and pretend that I have not heard anything.”

It’s more than a 30-minute walk to the “protected” spring where Lincoln collects water. But even though that sounds like a long time to walk just for one container of water, it’s not the worst thing about water here. 

Drinking this water infects the people of Buloma with water-related diarrheal diseases that have mostly disappeared in wealthier nations. In 2022, one of the community members died from drinking this water. Knowing this must have made the time when Lincoln himself got sick even scarier.

“The last time I was sick because of drinking dirty water, I was very sick until I was admitted [to] the hospital,” Lincoln said. “I received several injections and a lot of drugs. Going to the hospital every day for injections after being discharged was not a good experience. It was painful and stressful at the same time. I had to take drugs on a daily basis, which was an awful thing to do.”

When Lincoln gets sick, he misses school. But even when he’s well, the time he loses collecting water puts his education at risk. Lincoln spends about two hours each day fetching water, walking to the water source, and then waiting for his turn to place his yellow water container (or jerrycan) beneath the spring’s spout.

“Fetching water, especially in the morning, makes me late to school,” Lincoln shared. “Sometimes, [when I reach school], I find the teachers have already taught the first lesson. Catching up on the lost lessons becomes hard since I don’t have [the] time to concentrate and revise. This has made my grades drop greatly.”

Bad grades put Lincoln’s future prospects in jeopardy. This must weigh on his mind, especially since his dream is to become an engineer. 

He said: “I want to become an engineer so that I can be able to help others, especially the orphaned children, [to] get [a] proper education. [And] help my parents live a comfortable life.”

Lincoln is doing his best, but the water crisis holds him back from the future he’s working toward.

Southeast Kenya: Doreen’s Story

Every morning, 25-year-old Doreen wakes up before the sun rises. Her children are still sleeping as she grabs a jerrycan and starts the (very) long walk to the dry riverbed. There’s no time to waste — if she’s not early, others will have collected all the available water in her community first.

“The water source is located very far away through bushes, and walking alone is a risk,” Doreen said.

In Doreen’s community of Syandu in Southeast Kenya, it’s dry. Water is scarce every day, but especially during about half of the months each year when no rains come. During these months, entire rivers disappear, leaving only sandy riverbeds.

When it’s raining in Syandu, Doreen can collect rainwater from her roof. But when the rains and rivers disappear, she’s left with nothing. What’s worse, climate change keeps extending these dry periods out longer and longer, turning a semi-annual phenomenon into a full-blown drought.

When it’s dry, everyone’s only water option is to dig holes down into the dry riverbeds to scoop up the remnants of the previous rainy season’s water. These scoop holes contain brown, salty water that community members are forced to share with their livestock and the local wildlife.

Doreen never knows the state of the water she’ll find, or how much will be left. Around 3,000 people live in her community, and all of them go to the same riverbed. 

Doreen explained: “Sometimes, one has to wait for water to accumulate in the scoop hole, which takes longer during the drought period because many people depend on the scoop hole, which diminishes in quantity as the drought progresses.”

Still, she scoops and strains what she can, because it’s all she has to keep her children hydrated, to try and grow their food in the dry soil, and to survive.

Doreen wants more than survival. She wants to grow enough vegetables to sell at the market. She wants to pay her children’s school fees. She wants them to be healthy, to learn, to have a future she never got to have.

But without reliable water, those dreams dry up.

“Water is life,” Doreen said. 

“Without water, life is very difficult. It is difficult to take care of my children when there is no water for my crops, which makes it hard to feed them or get [money for] school fees. Water is crucial for us because we need it for drinking, cooking, irrigating our crops, and also for our animals.”

Sierra Leone: Isatu’s Story

“Life has become unbearable since the well at the school grounds broke down,” said 15-year-old Isatu, who attends Makempitha DEC Primary School in Sierra Leone. “It has not been easy for me.”

The well at Isatu’s school stopped working more than five years ago. Since then, the teachers have had no choice but to send their students to fetch water from a distant swamp. After all, the students and staff need water. 

Unfortunately, swamp water is unsafe for drinking. They drink it because there is no other option.

“The walking distance to the water point affects me greatly because the swamp is far away from the school,” Isatu explained. “Most times, I will leave classes just to go fetch water from this source. The walking distance alone makes me tired.”

Isatu knows that, with water, her life would be better.

“I cannot live a normal life like my friends in other schools who have access to safe and reliable water sources,” Isatu shared. 

“The water situation in the school prevents me from even playing with my friends since I must fetch water for drinking and other purposes, even during lunchtime. Also, if the well is rehabilitated, I will have enough time to copy my notes and even pay attention in class. Honestly, I find it hard to do this because of the water constraints.”

Isatu dreams of becoming a nurse.

“Presently, we have no clinic or trained and qualified nurse here,” Isatu said. “So, if I am able to be a nurse, at least the situation will change in my community.”

But first, she needs time to learn — and the chance to stay healthy.

“I see it as a burden because fetching water here is not easy for me,” Isatu said. “Even my friends know what I am saying. It is hard to fetch and transport water from the swamp. That is why I will be grateful when the well at the school is rehabilitated. [It will] prevent the unnecessary suffering I am now experiencing.”

Uganda: Bridget’s Story

Like everyone in Bubanda, 15-year-old Bridget must walk more than an hour to fetch water. The path winds through overgrown brush and other people’s gardens, which causes tension among neighbors. 

“I feel frustrated due to the long distance and the queue, especially during the evening hours,” said Bridget. “I am constantly concerned about safety because the access road to the water point is overgrown, and as a girl, I fear the possibility of harassment by men.”

On average, people in Bubanda waste 30 minutes waiting in line to use the only water source for miles around. If Bridget hasn’t angered someone by the time she reaches the water point, she might attract someone’s ire just trying to keep her own place in line. 

“The long distance makes fetching water time-consuming, and sometimes the lengthy queue at the water point also causes delays,” she said. “Adults refuse to follow the line or wait their turn.”

The time this process takes robs her of more than just her energy — it steals from her education.

“I don’t have enough time to read my books,” Bridget explained. “I spend a significant amount of time collecting water.”

A closer, safer water point would change everything for Bridget. She explained: “It [would] help shorten the distance and also reduce the risks associated with traveling through unsafe areas to reach the water point.”

These stories can be hard to read. But they’re even harder to live through. And as unimaginable as Lincoln, Doreen, Isatu, and Bridget’s daily challenges may seem, they’re not rare — in fact, they represent just one tiny sliver of a global crisis affecting hundreds of millions of people around the world.

“One in four people around the world lack safely managed drinking water.”

UNICEF/WHO Joint Monitoring Programme

Why the Water Crisis Deserves Your Attention 

If you’re reading this blog, there’s a good chance that when you need water, you just turn on a tap. You may not think twice about it because you’ve likely never had to.

You probably haven’t walked for hours to collect water. You haven’t missed school because the only nearby water source was dry or contaminated. And chances are, you’ve never stood in line at a community water source, hoping you can fill your container before the supply runs out or you have to get to work or school.

But for a staggering amount of people worldwide, that’s daily life.

The latest data shows:

• 1.5 billion people have “basic” water services — drinking water from an improved source, provided collection time is not more than 30 minutes for a round trip, including queuing.
• 292 million people have “limited” water services — drinking water from an improved source, for which collection time exceeds 30 minutes for a round trip, including queuing.
• 296 million people use “unimproved” water sources — drinking water from an unprotected dug well or unprotected spring
• 115 million people still collect “surface water” — drinking water sourced directly from rivers, lakes, and other surface water sources.

There’s a water crisis on every continent — even here in the United States. Our groundwater levels are falling rapidly, especially in the Southwest. Climate change isn’t just worsening droughts in Doreen’s community; in fact, at the time of writing, 37.09% of the U.S. and Puerto Rico and 44.27% of the lower 48 states are in drought.

But while the need for clean water is global, the depth of the crisis is not evenly distributed.

Around the world, most people now have water at home — but that’s far from reality in sub-Saharan Africa (the region of Africa below the Saharan Desert). 

According to the World Health Organization and UNICEF,

• Over half of the 703 million people without basic drinking water worldwide live in sub-Saharan Africa.
• Nearly half of the region’s 1.2 billion people still rely on water collection from outside sources, compared to just 3% in Latin America and the Caribbean.
• Only 45% of schools have a water source on-site, meaning students like Lincoln, Isatu, and Bridget often miss class or struggle to concentrate due to the demands of fetching water.

Also, the consequences of the water crisis in sub-Saharan Africa are often more severe due to systemic challenges like underdeveloped infrastructure, poverty, climate shocks, and limited government resources.

The Water Project works in Western Kenya, Southeast Kenya, Sierra Leone, and Uganda because these areas face some of the highest barriers globally in accessing clean water — and they’re also where your support can have the most immediate, measurable impact.

In fact, the World Health Organization reports that children in sub-Saharan Africa are 14 times more likely to die before age five than children in wealthier nations. One of the leading causes? Waterborne illness from unsafe water. In our work, we hear from many people who have suffered from crippling diarrheal disease (like typhoid, cholera, dysentery, parasites, and other preventable diseases), uncomfortable skin rashes, and more because they drink and bathe with contaminated water.

Access to safe, reliable water is about more than quenching thirst. It’s about:

• Preventing disease
• Supporting education
• Empowering women and girls
• Growing food
• Protecting dignity
• Creating time for opportunity, not just survival

But here’s the most important thing: this is a solvable problem.

When you support The Water Project, you’re not only creating borehole wells, protected springs, or sand dams. You’re restoring health. You’re giving children back their education. You’re creating moments of relief — and opening space for long-term change.

You can’t solve a global crisis on your own. But you can change someone’s world.

You can give Lincoln the chance to stay in class.

You can make sure Doreen’s crops — and children — thrive.

You can help Isatu become the nurse her community needs.

You can give Bridget peace of mind and the time to read her books.

Today, on World Water Day, you can take one big step toward solving the water crisis — for good.

The post The Global Water Crisis, Explained Through Four Stories first appeared on The Water Project.

Setting the Stage

Drought impacts people all over the world. But where The Water Project works in Southeast Kenya, its effects — particularly, the economic effects — are devastating.

Here, community members’ lives revolve around tending their crops and livestock, resulting in a higher-than-average dependence on rainfall. They live in a hot (and getting hotter), semi-arid climate where water is already scarce.

To make the situation worse, people here depend on seasonal rivers — waterways that appear with the rains and vanish with the dry season — for all their water needs. Unlike regions with year-round lakes or groundwater-fed springs, these communities have no fallback when the rains fail. And with climate change increasing the frequency of droughts, rain-fed agriculture — the livelihood for about 70% of the population in rural Kenya — becomes a fragile gamble.

“[The] Southeast Kenya region experiences a hot and dry climate with two rain seasons in a year,” explained Communications Manager Titus Mbithi, who works in Southeast Kenya. 

“The dry season is characterized by low water availability and access, leading to community members walking for long distances to the few available water points. The community in this region is agropastoral and highly relies on rainfall performance for the success of their crops and livestock.”

For farmers and pastoralists, water availability dictates economic and personal survival. Without rainfall, crops wither, livestock dies, and household incomes plummet. Families must walk for hours to fetch what little water remains, leaving less time for farming, business, education, and community development.

The result? A cycle of economic instability, hunger, and lost opportunity.

But what if we could break that cycle?

Sand dams offer a perfect solution to the ongoing water crisis in Southeast Kenya by holding onto 1-3% of seasonal rivers’ water throughout the dry seasons. By creating a permanent river where there was once a seasonal one, sand dams significantly increase water availability for the surrounding community. 

Communities in Kenya facing severe drought overwhelmingly prioritize increased water access over any other form of support, including free food for their livestock and training on drought resilience. With sand dams, we can bring that water right to them. 

Let’s step into the lives of three people who currently lack access to safe, reliable water — Rachael, Margaret, and Esther — to see how drought affects their daily survival and economic opportunities.

The Cost of Drought: When Water is Scarce, Everything Suffers

Rachael’s Story: Trapped in a Cycle of Water Collection

Even when the sun is barely up, Rachael Peter is already on the move.

Her yellow jerrycans rattle against each other as she walks, heading toward the Nzayka Community scoop hole. The scoop hole is not a well or a river — it’s just a hole dug into the dry, sandy riverbed. Every day, 1,800 other locals try to scrape out enough water from this scoop hole to last the day.

Rachael crouches down, waiting for water to seep into the hole. It’s slow, sluggish: a murky brown color.

She fills her jerrycans anyway.

“I have an issue with water from the scoop hole, which is the [only] other option near my household,” Rachael said. “The water poses significant health concerns for both my family and me.”

The water makes her and her children sick. 

“The villagers, unaware of the long-term effects, still use this water for cooking and drinking,” explained field officer Jefferson Mutie. 

“Over time, this led to a rise in waterborne diseases. Children are the most affected, suffering from frequent bouts of diarrhea, which weakens their immune systems and stunts their growth. Many describe recurring stomach issues, such as nausea and diarrhea. Some individuals mention skin irritations and rashes after bathing or consuming the water. Families often worry about the long-term effects of heavy metals, like lead and mercury, especially on their children’s development and overall health.”

But the community members of Nzakya have no other option.

“Water is vital to me,” Rachael said. “It’s the essence of life, and without it, nothing else functions.”

And while Rachael fetches water, her farm waits.

If she didn’t have to spend hours collecting water, she could be tending to her crops—growing food to eat and sell at the market. Instead, the lack of water makes farming a constant struggle.

“If I didn’t have to spend so much of my day fetching water, I could focus on more productive activities that would benefit both my family and the community. I could work on my farm, planting and tending to crops that would provide us with food and extra income. I’d have time to start a small business, perhaps selling homemade goods at the local market. And, with more time and less physical strain, I could focus on my health and well-being, spending quality moments with my family, and teaching my children important skills.”

For Rachael, water scarcity means lost time, lost income, and a future — for both herself and her children — put on hold.

Margaret’s Story: Water Scarcity is Draining Her Finances

Margaret Munyalo wakes up every day knowing exactly where her money will go.

Not food. Not school fees. Not medicine.

It will go to water.

“The available water is located far away, and walking there through the bushes is dangerous because of poisonous snakes,” Margaret said.

In her community of Kasithyu, she walks long distances to reach faraway borehole wells that may not even have water left by the time it’s her turn in line. Waiting times can stretch up to six hours. When the drought is at its worst, she is forced to buy water at inflated prices from vendors.

“The water points in the area are not sustainable because they run low and dry up as the drought season progresses,” explained Field Officer Alex Koech. 

“The borehole water kiosks are also closed during most days of the week due to water shortage, and when water is available, every community member comes to fetch water, leading to overcrowding. They also need to purchase the water at 5 Ksh per 20-liter jerrycan, which is costly considering that residents are mostly farmers who reap very little from their farms due to drought.”

With drought stealing her harvest, Margaret is left without the resources to care for herself and her family.

“I cannot purchase necessary household goods because the little money I get from farming is spent on water purchases.”

Even when she can afford it, the boreholes frequently run dry, leaving her trapped in uncertainty.

One study on the impact of drought in Margaret’s county shared that, during one drought year, families lost KES 203,656 ($1,572.63) in livestock and KES 45,067 ($348.01) in crops. For a rural farmer, losing such a huge amount of money means not being able to pay school fees, skipping meals to make ends meet, and selling off livestock to survive. Every lost shilling directly impacts Margaret’s ability to feed her family and plan for the future.

Margaret is caught in an economic drain, where the money that should be securing her future is spent just to survive the present.

Esther’s Story: The Hidden Cost of Waterborne Disease

For Esther Mutheu, the cost of unsafe water is an endless cascade of illness and discomfort.

Her community of Itumani has two water sources available. One is a seasonal, muddy pool of water created by an earth dam. The other is a distant borehole well that only yields salty water. Drinking the water from either source incurs its own consequences.

“Residents frequently suffer from diarrheal diseases, cholera, and typhoid due to the contamination in the earth dam,” said Field Officer Alex Koech. “The high salt content in the borehole water has led to increased dehydration, particularly among children and the elderly.” 

“Whenever my child gets sick, it strains my income because I depend on farming, which is mostly affected by drought,” Esther shared. 

“My child has to skip school as they take medication, and I also will not go to my farm or take care of my cattle because I have to look after the well-being of my child. It is a very sad situation. The water causes water-related infections, which are expensive to treat.”

Every time Esther’s child falls sick, she loses opportunities to work, farm, and earn a stable income.

For families like Esther’s, every drought pushes them further into hardship. The loss of crops and livestock means cutting down on meals — sometimes to just one per day. And when illness strikes from drinking contaminated water, the cost of treatment wipes out what little savings remain.

A Summary of the Economic Impacts of Water Scarcity:

• Lost productivity: Hours wasted fetching water reduce time for farming, education, and work
• Reduced agricultural output: Crops and livestock suffer without reliable water, impacting food security
• Financial strain: Families spend money on water purchases, medical bills, and lost wages
• Health consequences: Frequent waterborne diseases keep parents from working and children from attending school

But what does life look like after a community gains access to clean water?

Water Changes Everything: The Proof of Economic Resilience

Kevin’s Story: From Barely Surviving to Thriving

Kevin Musee from Kalimbui Community still remembers the exhaustion of lacking water — not just in his body, but in his spirit.

Every morning, he’d begin the long walk to the only available borehole. His feet ached from the distance, but it was the waiting that drained him the most. Dozens of people were already in line, each hoping to fill their jerrycans before the water ran out.

Sometimes, after waiting hours, the borehole dried up before his turn came.

“It was draining — physically, emotionally, and financially,” Kevin said. “The walk to the borehole took so much energy, and then waiting in the long lines just made it worse.”

But even on the days he did get water, it wasn’t enough. The salty, contaminated water wasn’t just unpleasant — it ruined his crops, forcing him to watch his farm fail, season after season. Cooking with it made meals taste off, and drinking it often led to illness.

Kevin wanted to do more with his life, to work hard and build something for his future — but he was trapped.

Then the sand dam and well came, changing everything.

“Fetching water here feels easy and peaceful,” Kevin said. “I don’t have to walk far, and there’s no fighting or overcrowding like at the old kiosk. The water is fresh and clean, and I know it’s safe for drinking, cooking, and farming. I actually feel happy when I come to fetch water now because I can see how it’s improving my life and my community.”

Suddenly, his farm wasn’t failing anymore. The crops thrived, and the vegetables he once struggled to grow now flourished.

For the first time, he could sell his produce at the market, earning 250 Ksh ($2) daily from his kale, spinach, and tomatoes. It may not seem like much, but to Kevin, it was the start of something bigger.

“I’ve accomplished so much!” Kevin said. “This money has helped me support my family and even save a little for the future. The water has been a blessing — it’s made my small farm possible, and it feels amazing to see the results of my hard work.”

But Kevin isn’t stopping here. 

“My dream is to expand my vegetable farm and grow even more crops to sell,” Kevin said. 

“I want to build a bigger business, maybe even supply vegetables to markets in nearby towns. I also dream of saving enough to buy livestock, like goats or cows, so I can diversify my income. Access to water is the key to all of this. With reliable water, I know I can achieve these goals, support my family, and help my community grow, too.”

Kasembi’s Story: No More Health Crises, No More Fear

For Kasembi Mwinzi, fetching water used to be an act of desperation.

She’d wake up before sunrise, bracing herself for the five-kilometer walk to the scoop hole at Iguini River. It wasn’t just the distance that exhausted her — it was the uncertainty.

“Last year, water was a constant struggle,” Kasembi said. “The scoop hole at Iguini River was far. Five kilometers (3.1 miles!) is not a short distance, especially when you’re carrying heavy jerrycans back home.”

Even after making the trek, the water itself was a gamble. Animal waste, dust, and debris tainted the shallow pool. She would fill her jerrycans and pray it wouldn’t make her family sick.

“The water was dirty, contaminated with animal waste and dust, and many of us got sick from drinking it,” Kasembi said. “I remember getting stomach upsets and typhoid more times than I can count.”

Each time Kasembi got sick, it stole away more energy, more days, more money — money that could have gone to farming, food, or school fees for her children. When the scoop hole dried up completely, she had to buy water from motorbike vendors at prices so high it drained her savings.

Then, the sand dam and shallow well arrived.

Nowadays, she still catches herself marveling at how easy fetching water has become.

“Fetching water here is like a dream compared to before,” Kasembi said. “It’s close by, so I don’t have to spend hours walking or waiting in long lines. The water is clean and safe, and I don’t have to worry about my family getting sick.”

The biggest change? She’s healthy.

“My health has improved so much. I used to get stomach upsets, typhoid, and amoeba often, but now I hardly fall sick. With clean water, my family and I are healthier and have more energy.”

Now, instead of spending money on medical bills, she invests in her farm. She’s growing vegetables — something she never could before — both for food and extra income.

“Now, I have a thriving garden that helps feed my family,” Kasembi continued.

“My dream is to expand my farm and grow even more crops to sell. I want to build a small irrigation system and maybe start keeping more livestock, like cows or goats. I hope to educate my children and give them opportunities I didn’t have.”

And for the first time in years, she isn’t afraid of the next dry season.

Tabitha’s Story: Water for Her Family, Her Farm, and Her Future

Tabitha Kauto used to wake up before dawn, her heart heavy with dread.

The long walk to the undug well wasn’t just draining, it was a race against time.

If she left too late, the line would already be too long, and she could be forced to wait for hours — only for the water to run out before her turn.

“Fetching water before this project was exhausting, frustrating, and emotionally draining,” Tabitha shared. 

“I had to wake up at the crack of dawn, often before the sun rose, to begin the long four-kilometer (2.48-mile) walk to the undug well. I would wait for hours, hoping the water wouldn’t run out before my turn. If it did, I had no choice but to try again the next day, which was heartbreaking.”

Even when she managed to fill her four jerrycans, the journey home was just as grueling. She didn’t own a donkey, so she had to borrow one from her neighbor, stacking the heavy containers onto its back. The dusty, steep paths made the return trip feel never-ending.

And when she finally got home? Her work was just beginning.

“By the time I got home, I would be exhausted, yet there were still chores waiting for me,” Tabitha said.

Then the sand dam was built, and suddenly, her world shifted.

“The water point is now very close to my home, which makes it easy and quick to fetch water,” Tabitha explained. “I don’t have to wake up so early or rely on a donkey. The water is clean and readily available, which makes my daily tasks more manageable.”

With clean water nearby, Tabitha’s farm began to thrive.

“In the past year, I have planted kale and tomatoes, which have improved my family’s diet. The green cover around the sand dam feeds my cattle and goats, helping me keep them healthy.”

For the first time, she has the ability to plan ahead without the fear of drought overshadowing her goals.

“My dream is to expand my farming activities by growing more vegetables and even starting a small business selling produce. Access to water will definitely make this easier because I won’t have to worry about drought or long trips to fetch water. With reliable water, I believe I can improve my family’s well-being and financial stability.”

Investing in Water is Investing in Economic Stability

For Rachael, Margaret, and Esther, water scarcity meant lost time, lost income, and constant hardship.

For Kevin, Kasembi, and Tabitha, water access unlocked business opportunities, improved health, and restored hope.

The solution is clear: investing in water access is the key to economic resilience wherever there’s drought.

Will you be part of the solution?

The post The Economic Impacts of Drought on Rural Communities first appeared on The Water Project.

While there are common themes between each community battling water scarcity, you’ll find that each community member responds differently. Some speak of lost time and exhaustion, others of missed opportunities, and still others of dreams deferred. 

But they all share one thing in common: drought is making their struggle worse. With rainfall becoming more unpredictable and rivers running dry too quickly, communities are left with no choice but to walk farther, wait longer, and suffer more just to find water.

Kalinza: A Community’s Time Stolen by Water

In Kalinza, 240 people rely on a single well kiosk a two-hour walk away. The journey is long, exhausting, and unavoidable. But even after making the trek, there’s another hurdle: long lines of people also waiting for their turn to collect water.

The kiosk is only open in the morning hours. For people who live far away – like those in Kalinza – that means waking up incredibly early to make the long trek in time to get a place in line before the kiosk closes. They can’t establish much of a daily routine without knowing how long they’ll have to wait and when they’ll get back to their farms.

For 40-year-old Josephine Kasumo, the struggle just to collect water for the day is all-consuming.

“Water is all I think of, and it’s all that stresses me from time to time,” she shared. “I have no donkey, so I depend on borrowing other people’s donkeys to fetch water. At times when everyone is busy with their donkey, I have to carry water on my back, which is subjected to much unworthy suffering.”

The long wait times at the well are made worse by extended dry seasons. When rains fail to come, the well’s water level drops, forcing community members to spend even more time waiting for it to recharge. 

15-year-old Agnes Mutwa unwillingly sacrifices her education to ensure her household has water.

“I feel so bad about fetching water at the water source,” she said. “My school time is mostly affected, as I am forced to make time for water rather than studies or even my homework.”

“Children missing school in this community has become [the] norm now,” explained Field Officer Jefferson Mutie. “Whenever they go to fetch water in the morning and it’s a school day, it translates to them missing school [on] that particular day.”

Agnes wants to study and advance in life. But her family needs water, and girls are most often sent to collect it.

A sand dam and a protected well will transform Kalinza’s future, cutting down travel time and ensuring water is available close to home, even during drought periods. With a much shorter trip to fetch water, Agnes will be able to attend school regularly, and Josephine’s back will get a reprieve from the long hours spent walking.

Ithambwangao: The Dream of More Than Just Survival

In Ithambwangao, 500 community members face a similar fate. They walk 45 minutes each way to fetch water from a shallow well. 

“Many [community] members would love to work on their farms, but this cannot be [achieved], as they need to work on fetching water in most of their day,” said Field Officer Jefferson Mutie.

“Fetching water takes so much time,” said 12-year-old Cynthia. “We have to walk so far, often up and down hills, and sometimes we have to wait in line. The jerrycans are heavy, and if the well runs dry, we might have to go even further. Water is so important for our families, but it shouldn’t have to be such a long journey.”

Like Agnes from Kalinza, Cynthia’s water-fetching duties take time away from her education.

“Sometimes, I miss classes just to help my family,” Cynthia explained. “I want to learn and do well in school, but when I’m tired and have to study by candlelight, it’s hard. I wish we had more water close by so I could focus on my studies and not worry about carrying heavy buckets every day. Water should be for learning, not just for living.”

Even in the midst of an incredibly challenging life, Cynthia tries to make the best of it.

“When I’m sent to fetch water, I feel like a little hero on an adventure. I know it’s important for my family, but sometimes the journey feels long and tiring. Still, I try to be brave because every drop I carry is a step toward a brighter day!”

Cynthia’s optimism in the face of water scarcity is inspiring and heartbreaking in equal measures – especially because she spends much of her daily long walks dreaming of what her life could be.

“If I didn’t have to spend all that time getting water, I would play with my friends, explore the world around me, and dream big,” Cynthia said. “Having more time would mean more adventures, more laughter, and more time to be a kid.”

With so much strife centered around water in Ithambwangao, it’s no wonder that 50-year-old resident Terresia has developed such reverence for it.

“Water is life,” Terresia said. “It sustains us, nourishes our bodies, and fuels our dreams. It flows through our daily routines, from the first sip of morning coffee to the laughter shared during a family meal. Water is not just a resource; it’s a vital connection to our environment and each other. It nurtures our communities, supports our health, and enables us to thrive. Without it, life as we know it would cease to exist. For me, water represents hope, resilience, and the promise of a better tomorrow.”

Terresia’s words remind us to be grateful for the water in our own lives even while we work to spread water access among the communities who need it. But in Ithambwangao, gratitude is often overshadowed by the harsh reality of drought. When rainfall is scarce, the well can’t provide enough water for everyone, leading to rationing, longer walks, and increased hardship. 

The time spent walking takes away from everything else — including the chance to pursue personal aspirations.

For Terresia, this means giving up her hobby of basket weaving and rope-making.

“Having more time [would] allow me to continue with my basket weaving and rope-making activity, which is my hobby,” she shared.

A sand dam and hand-dug well will free her and others from this relentless burden, allowing them to focus on farming, education, and even personal fulfillment.

Muthini Upendo: When Water Comes at a Dangerous Cost

The 1,000 people of Muthini Upendo face an impossible choice: spend three hours walking to a distant well that sometimes shuts down, or collect water from an open earth dam shared with animals. Neither option is safe, and neither is sustainable.

“We live in a dry region that experiences several months of drought in a year, and when it rains, we do not have the capacity to harvest most of it; thus, water just flows through the rivers before it quickly dries up,” said 50-year-old farmer Dickson Musee.

His greatest wish is to grow his farm and provide for his family, but without reliable water, that dream is impossible to achieve.

“Life is very [difficult] without water, because we need water for our livestock, poultry, and farming,” Dickson said.

With so many possible uses for the little water community members collect, it’s no wonder that their farms are suffering. But Dickson still dreams of what he could do if he didn’t have to spend so much time fetching water.

“I would focus on farming in my garden and nurturing my drought-tolerant crops like sorghum, green grams, and millet,” Dickson said. “I would be preparing my land early for the rains.”

For 16-year-old Jemima, the water crisis is a direct threat to her education and safety.

“The roads we have here are difficult to use because they are rocky and dusty. We also have to travel long distances looking for water, and there are queues at the water point, especially during the dry season. We have to walk over long distances between thorny bushes, and we sometimes have to go and fetch water when it is dark. This area also has a lot of snakes, and snake bites are common,” she explained.

During drought, the earth dam shrinks, leaving less water for the community. People grow desperate, and conflicts arise over who gets water first.

“We often have quarrels at the water point when trying to fetch water. Other community members jump the queue when they become impatient with waiting or when water levels drop,” Jemima said.

Still, she has big dreams.

“When I grow up, I want to be a science teacher so that I can be a second parent to my students and help them with social issues,” she said.

A sand dam and well will make her dream possible. Instead of battling for water, she will be able to focus on studying, learning, and building the future she envisions.

A Future with Water

For these three communities, a reliable water source isn’t just about survival — it’s about reclaiming time, education, livelihoods, and dignity from the drudgery of endless drought.

With easy access to water:

• Agnes will spend her mornings in school instead of making exhausting treks.
• Cynthia will trade her “hero’s adventure” for time to play and study.
• Terresia will return to basket weaving, crafting, and thriving in her community.
• Dickson will cultivate a flourishing farm, providing for his family.
• Jemima will pursue her dream of becoming a science teacher, guiding the next generation.

The solution is clear: sand dams and protected wells. With this infrastructure, water will be near, accessible, and abundant — and these communities will finally have the chance to thrive.

The opportunity for change is here. The time to act is now.

The post Stories from the Front Lines: Communities Battling Water Scarcity first appeared on The Water Project.

Women in our network — whether in Kenya, Uganda, Sierra Leone, or here in the United States — are leading the charge to bring safe, reliable water to their communities. As engineers, educators, field officers, and advocates, they are transforming lives.

This International Women’s Day, we celebrate these women. Their stories are a testament to resilience, innovation, and the undeniable link between water access and gender equality. As you read their words, we invite you to recognize the incredible role women play in WASH (Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene) and to consider how you, too, can support this vital work.

Why Women Choose WASH 

Field Officer Jacquey Kangu, Western Kenya:

“I love to work in the water sector, especially under The Water Project, because through this sector, [I] am able to fulfill my mission as a social worker, which is to enhance human well-being and meet the basic and complex needs of all people, with a particular focus on those who are vulnerable, oppressed, and living in poverty, by providing direct services, advocating for systematic change, and empowering individuals and communities to improve their lives. For instance, giving water to the needy gives them hope [and] good health, and enables them to be functional and productive members in the community — because water is life.”

Field Officer Adelaide Nasimiyu, Western Kenya:

“[What motivated me to work in WASH is] the passion I have for the community. Seeing marginalized communities being positively transformed through clean and safe water. This greatly motivated me to work in the water sector.”

Field Officer Joyce Naliaka, Western Kenya:

“My passion for community development and a desire to create meaningful change led me to the water sector. Also, growing up in a rural community, I saw firsthand the challenges women faced in accessing clean water, and I wanted to be part of the solution and empower women to improve their lives. Access to safe water is not just a basic need; it’s a foundation for health, education, and economic empowerment. Being part of a solution that transforms lives motivated me.”

Social WASH Officer Esther Lydia Akol, Uganda:

“My journey into the water sector was driven by a combination of personal experiences, passion, and a desire to create meaningful change and to give back to my communities. 

“Growing up, I witnessed how the lack of access to safe water and sanitation negatively impacted our communities, particularly women and girls. It became clear to me that these challenges were not just about infrastructure, but also about equity, health, and human dignity.

“The water sector presented an opportunity to address these critical issues and empower marginalized populations, especially women like me, by reducing the burden of water collection and improving hygiene practices. I was also drawn to the sector’s role in achieving sustainable development by contributing to health, education, environmental conservation, and gender equality for girls and women in my community.

“My passion and motivation lie in the belief that access to clean water and sanitation is a fundamental right that can transform lives. I joined the sector to advocate for this right, work on sustainable solutions, and help build resilient, thriving communities through access to practices to clean and safe water.”

Technical WASH Officer Sarah Katusiime, Uganda:

“I was driven to the water sector by a strong desire to address gender disparities in my village, particularly in ensuring that women and girls have access to clean water and proper sanitation [and] hygiene facilities. I saw firsthand the effects of lack of water and sanitation in their daily lives, especially when it comes to managing menstruation with dignity. By working in this sector, I aim to contribute to sustainable solutions that empower women, improve health outcomes, and create a more equitable community.”

WASH Officer Veronica Mwikali Matolo, Southeast Kenya:

“When I was in high school, there used to be serious incidences of amoebic dysentery and typhoid being diagnosed after visiting the school clinic. [This is] because we used to have water brought to school with a boozer (vendor), which we believed wasn’t clean from the knowledge we got from biology class. From these issues, I developed [an] interest in tackling issues related to public health so as to address similar issues and help transform the lives of others.”

Program Reporting Services Officer Andrea Pavkov, United States:

“I came to the water sector because of my experience living in Mozambique, where people still struggle to access clean water, a fundamental human right. During our time there, at peak, only 41% of the population had access to clean water, and it was even lower in the rural area where we lived. 

“I’ve watched children drink from dirty puddles and streams. I’ve attended to children and adults suffering from preventable water-related illnesses. I’ve stood with women waiting hours to collect safe water. I’ve experienced the heartache and frustration of lacking the resources and infrastructure to implement lasting change.”

Deputy Director Christine Luvandwa Mugambi, Western Kenya:

“What brought me to the water sector [was] the satisfaction I saw and could read from my dad as a committed social scientist, whose passion was and still is to help women be the best they can be, especially through easing their duty of getting water, so that less time is spent on such duties, therefore helping them realize their other aspirations and dreams in life. That drove me to want to feel the same way and, to a greater extent, be more like him. I therefore chose a course in college that would lead me towards the same path.”

Training Officer Lilian Achieng’, Western Kenya

“Having been born and raised in a small remote village that had less water both at home and at school, I always dreamed of one day seeing women and children access water easily. I wanted to be that person [who] would bring that change in one way or another. 

“Secondly, I never understood anything when information about menstruation would be given in my school days. It was spoken [about] briefly, and sometimes in harsh tones. Being a late bloomer, I learned about it on my own when I was almost clearing high school. This gave me the urge to educate young girls about sanitation and hygiene, especially during [their] menstruation period. I wanted to educate them in details. 

“Finding these two fused in one item (WASH), gave me so much joy to be in the water sector.”

Monitoring and Evaluation Leader Janet Kayi, Western Kenya:

“My journey into the water sector was driven by a deep passion for community development and a desire to make a tangible impact on people’s daily lives. Growing up, I saw firsthand how lack of clean water affected health, education, and economic opportunities, especially for women and girls. I wanted to be part of the solution — working directly with communities to improve access to safe water and sanitation. Thus, seeing the positive changes that come from sustainable water solutions keeps me motivated every day.”

Head of WASH Department Jemimah Khasoha, Western Kenya:

“I was born and brought up near the great Kakamega Forest. While growing up, one thing was very striking about the pattern of the rain in my village. We would be the first in the then Western province to receive the rains and the last, even after other regions of the country had their last. So, I developed an unexplainable attraction and an undeterred urge to understand the nitty-gritty about water. It’s evergreen in our region and that is why joining in this field would make me ensure it’s green in everyone’s life. Green signifies life and life is not complete without water.”

Field Officer Rachael Dorcas Obura, Western Kenya:

“What inspired me to join the water sector are the numerous challenges that women like me face in accessing clean and safe water. Many women have to travel long distances to obtain this precious resource. After carrying water for such distances, they often experience chest and back aches. Over time, fetching water becomes increasingly difficult due to these health issues. This affects the whole family since the hygiene levels at [the] household level will be compromised.

“By working in the water sector, we address these challenges and create solutions that alleviate the burden on women, ultimately improving their health and well-being.”

WASH Officer Betty Johnson, Sierra Leone:

“I live in a community where access to safe water was very difficult and the surroundings of these water sources very dirty. I have learned so much. Now, I will provide insights on how to take care of the sanitation of the water point(s). I have the knowledge and skills of how to clean the environment or the surroundings of the water well.”

WASH Officer Kadiatu Kamara, Sierra Leone:

“Working for the water sector has always been my dream. I have always had the passion to save lives. Now, I have the opportunity to save and transform lives by rendering full WASH to less privileged schools, communities, and healthcare facilities.”

WASH Officer Lauretta Thompson, Sierra Leone:

“As a parent, the idea of providing clean and safe water for less privileged communities sparked my passion. I was also interested in providing menstrual hygiene kits for girls in remote villages with no access for such items. I remember what it was like for me. I love that I have this wonderful opportunity.”

Moments of Impact 

Field Officer Jacquey Kangu, Western Kenya:

“While carrying out my duties, one of the experiences that made me feel proud and affirmed my decision to work in this field was this one particular case where two brothers had been enemies for years, but my coming to this community was a such a blessing. During one of my community engagement visits before the spring protection, I told the users that apart from just providing water, we also value strong relationships, because [there is] strength in unity, and it actually enables us to achieve and accomplish things we wouldn’t have achieved single-handedly. 

“What amazed me is that even before the completion of spring protection, the two brothers had reconciled, and they actively participated in the spring protection process. This really gave me a high level of satisfaction and contentment because, apart from just providing water, I also had the opportunity to speak peace and unify a family.”

Field Officer Adelaide Nasimiyu, Western Kenya:

“There is a community that had lost most of their loved ones to waterborne diseases. After protecting [their] spring, installing [a] chlorine dispenser, and training them on hygiene and sanitation practices, [I] went back after one year of implementation, and the changes were visible. The positive testimonies from the community members made me feel proud of what I do.”

Field Officer Joyce Naliaka, Western Kenya:

“One of the most memorable moments was witnessing the joy of a community when a new water point was inaugurated. Seeing women and children celebrate their newfound access to clean water reminded me why this work matters. It reinforced my belief that sustainable water solutions directly uplift entire communities.”

Social WASH Officer Esther Lydia Akol, Uganda:

“One moment that truly affirmed my decision to work in the WASH sector was during a project implementation [that] was aimed at providing clean water to rural communities. Before the intervention, children, especially girls, spent hours walking long distances in search of water, often missing school as a result. After the installation of a borehole within the community, I visited the site a few weeks later and spoke to some of the local families during a feedback session.

“A young girl approached me with a bright smile and said, ‘Now I can go to school every day because clean water is here and it is near my home.’ Her words moved me deeply. It was a powerful reminder of how access to safe water can transform lives, not just by improving health, but by unlocking opportunities for education and a brighter future for young girls to thrive.

“Knowing that our efforts had enabled girls like her to focus on learning rather than spending hours fetching water was profoundly rewarding. It underscored the critical role WASH plays in breaking barriers for children, especially girls, and reaffirmed my commitment to this vital work.”

Technical WASH Officer Sarah Katusiime, Uganda:

“One of the most affirming moments in my work was when a woman in the community shared how life had changed since the installation of a new water point in her community. She recalled a time when having a jerrycan of water at home was considered a luxury, and they had to reuse every drop — washing utensils, then using the same water to rinse food, and finally for personal hygiene. Women would walk over long distances and spend hours just to return home with a single jerrycan of water. This was often at the expense of their health, time, and dignity. Seeing the relief and joy on her face as she spoke about the ease of accessing clean water today reassured me that I am in the right field. It reminded me that access to safe water isn’t just about convenience, but it’s about restoring dignity, saving time, and improving lives, especially for women and girls.”

WASH Officer Veronica Mwikali Matolo, Southeast Kenya:

“While conducting school monitoring and community follow-ups, it has been satisfying seeing pupils chlorinating their drinking water. In communities, people have adopted different water treatment methods. Seeing people have sanitation infrastructures during follow-ups is motivating. For instance, there’s a community that I once trained [through] Community Led Total Sanitation (CLTS). [There were] several members that didn’t have latrines and [we spotted] a lot of open defecation during [our] transect walk. After a few months, all the homesteads had latrines, and it was so nice seeing an open-defecation-free community.”

Program Reporting Services Officer Andrea Pavkov, United States:

“Whenever I write a report in which a woman or girl, in particular, celebrates having access to clean water, my heart swells, and I reaffirm that I love being a part of this work. Clean water brings freedom! It helps eliminate unnecessary hardships and suffering and restores girls’ well-being so they can pursue their dreams.”

Program Reporting Services Officer Kelli Hilton, United States:

“A deep desire to make a difference in the world led me to the water sector, providing me with the opportunity to inspire my children to care about others and contribute to a better future for all.”

Deputy Director Christine Luvandwa Mugambi, Western Kenya:

“I remember overseeing the implementation of a project in a school known as Lugango Primary School, at a time when I was also preparing for my wedding in the years 2018/2019. The community was really in dire need of the water facility, but had major challenges in mobilizing for locally available [construction] materials. 

“I remember the unskilled laborers bringing in one wheelbarrow of sand at a time, since they had to borrow [it] from people’s homesteads, yet [the amount that] was required was in tons. The skilled artisan would complain, since the speed of work was now reduced and this meant he had to stay on that one site longer than he expected. I had to get [the] contact [information] of the Member of Parliament in charge of the constituency, get other local politicians, and pretty much the aid of whoever I could reach to ensure the project was a success, while at the same time be present at my wedding planning committee meetings and move around in search of every requirement, for instance, my wedding gown. 

“There [were] times that I felt overwhelmed, but what kept me grounded was my reason for joining the sector. I would remember my dad’s words. ‘I always feel like I am doing ministry work, what God called me to do, every time I help a community thrive. This, in turn, helps me sleep peacefully at night. Knowing my obligation is fulfilled gives me great satisfaction,’ my dad would always say after a long day in the field.”

Training Officer Lilian Achieng’, Western Kenya:

“There are so many moments that are memorable to me that have made me feel proud to have made a decision to work in this field. Seeing a big smile from someone who has received a gift of clean and safe water always melts my heart. 

“There was one incident when I was working on protecting an unprotected spring in a remote community. There was this old lady (in her late 80s) who had not been down to the spring for almost fifteen years due to her age and illness. When the project started, she asked to just see me and shake my hand. She personally told me that she got married at the age of sixteen in that community and ever since she had consumed water from the unprotected spring. She affirmed that she had only seen a protected spring in other neighboring communities, but not in hers. When the works were pronounced complete, for the first time in fifteen years, the old lady picked [up] her walking stick and slowly walked down just to see for herself the ‘miracle of safe water’ that had just happened. Her smile on seeing the protected spring made my eyes teary. I was sure that I was in the right sector doing the right thing.”

Monitoring and Evaluation Leader Janet Kayi, Western Kenya:

“One of the most rewarding moments in my work was when a small rural village I had been working with for months finally gained access to a clean water source. Before the project, women and girls had to walk for hours every day to collect water, often missing school or other opportunities. 

“When we installed a spring near the village, I saw the pure joy and relief on their faces. One young girl told me she could now go to school every day without worrying about fetching water. That moment affirmed that my work is not just about water — it’s about dignity, opportunity, and transforming lives. It reminded me why I chose this path and why I will continue advocating for safe water access for all.”

Head of WASH Department Jemimah Khasoha, Western Kenya:

“This happened in one of the recent sites I was assigned to supervise. A school [was] established in a very rocky place with an abandoned well that never yielded any water. Here I was with a similar project, albeit with a different angle of approach. The drilling went on smoothly from the start to the end. But it was all dry. The air filled with a white smoke of dust. Hopes of both the learners and teachers dimmed suddenly. I held on to faith and followed up ‘til I received a positive report that the borehole had recharged. The second time I visited the site, all were happy to receive me, and I felt so proud that, finally, the water issue was sorted.”

Field Officer Rachael Dorcas Obura, Western Kenya:

“One of the moments that made me feel very proud and affirmed my decision to work in this field was witnessing students access reliable, clean, and safe water within the school compound. The students can now easily carry out practical lessons that require water, such as molding, handwashing, oral hygiene lessons, and gardening, without any worries about access to water.

“Furthermore, students no longer need to bring water from home, which is often tedious; instead, they can use that time to study and improve their grades.”

WASH Officer Kadiatu Kamara, Sierra Leone:

“I witnessed [the] handing-over ceremony of a water well in one of our communities. I was extremely happy to be part of the life-saving team by providing safe drinking water to this community who were really suffering to fetch water. Though the community was very old, they had never experienced safe drinking water. It was really wonderful to experience their joy.”

WASH Officer Lauretta Thompson, Sierra Leone:

“Every day, I come across children and families [who] have lost all hope of ever making it to the next day. I have hundreds of stories, so it’s difficult to choose from, but any time I get the opportunity to help change the lives of children from despair to a life of hope I jump in with all my heart.”

What Water Means to Women 

Field Officer Jacquey Kangu, Western Kenya:

“Water means the whole world to me. It is a precious natural resource that all living things need for survival. Every day I wake up to see water flow, I see myself surrounded by life. I get motivated to engage in the day’s activities with much confidence [and the] assurance that I will be able to quench thirst, cook, clean, and take care of my livestock.

“Being a mother, water gives me total peace and joy, since [I] am assured of the safety of my children’s hygiene and good health.” 

Field Officer Adelaide Nasimiyu, Western Kenya:

“Water, to me, represents life, resilience, and connection. Water is essential to all living things, both the plants and animals. Water also connects us with different communities and builds relationships. Water is life.”

Field Officer Joyce Naliaka, Western Kenya:

“Water symbolizes life and opportunity. It means health for families, time for children to pursue education instead of fetching water, and a chance for women to engage in economic activities. Personally, water represents hope and progress.”

Social WASH Officer Esther Lydia Akol, Uganda:

“Personally, water is not just a necessity, it is a right. It connects us all as women and it reminds me every day of the importance of protecting and sustainably managing this precious resource for the future generations. 

“The phrase ‘water is life’ that we used to chant as little girls moving long distances looking for water now resonates [with] me as a woman because it gives me dignity and opportunity to be who I want to be. It represents the foundation of everything we depend on as women from our health, our livelihoods, and our ability to thrive. 

“To me, water is a symbol of equity and justice. Access to clean water empowers women, strengthens communities, and creates pathways for education (especially for girls in the community), economic growth, and resilience.

“As a woman, I also view water through the lens of its profound impact on gender equality. When women and girls access safe water nearby, they gain time and freedom to pursue education, careers, and other aspirations. To me, water is a powerful equalizer, a means to uplift the most vulnerable and ensure everyone including a woman has the chance to lead a healthy and fulfilling life.”

Technical WASH Officer Sarah Katusiime, Uganda:

“To me, water is more than just a basic necessity; it is life, health, and dignity. It means having the ability to cook, clean, and sustain livelihoods without struggle. It signifies improved health, as access to clean water reduces the spread of waterborne diseases, ensuring that families, especially children, can grow up healthy and strong. Water also brings peace of mind, eliminating the fear of illnesses caused by unsafe sources.”

WASH Officer Veronica Mwikali Matolo, Southeast Kenya:

“Water is life.

“By saying this, you’ll understand that water is life when visiting [the] southeastern parts of Kenya or other arid lands, meeting women and young people in rivers or other water sources queuing to fetch water; people walk very long distances, especially during dry seasons, to look for water since nothing survives in absence of water.

“Seeing crops thrive well in areas that have been dry for years, and when a water project is done, you visit and love the crops doing well with lives being supported by water.”

Program Reporting Services Officer Andrea Pavkov, United States:

“Living overseas, my family often dealt with water scarcity, and much of my day was consumed with the everyday tasks of boiling and filtering water to keep it safe enough for our family to consume. I often rationed water, bought bottled water, or paid to have water delivered. 

“We returned to the U.S. permanently thirteen years ago. However, at times, I still find myself internally expressing gratitude that I can turn on our faucet and drink directly from the tap without worry of illness, that hot water comes out of my shower, that I can wash dishes without boiling water, and that I can use my washing machine instead of doing laundry in a bucket. Access to clean water matters!”

Program Reporting Services Officer Kelli Hilton, United States:

“I’ve learned well from our partners in Africa: ‘Water is life.’ It provides security and stability and is the foundation of health and progress. Without it, uncertainty and anxiety take hold, limiting opportunities and stifling potential. But with reliable access to clean water, everything changes — hope flourishes, dreams become achievable, and individuals, families, and entire communities have the chance to grow, thrive, and build a better future.”

Deputy Director Christine Luvandwa Mugambi, Western Kenya:

“Water, to me, means the ability to keep everything I value clean; this means my home, my family’s clothes, my children, and myself clean and generally be able to thrive in an environment that is dirt-free. At times, I always think I could have OCD, since my desire to have a clean environment is among my top priorities. I would rather sleep late, despite having had a long day at work, but yet be unable to sleep if the house is not clean and in the order I prefer it to be in in preparation for the next day.”

Training Officer Lilian Achieng’, Western Kenya:

“To me, water is an equalizer, just like oxygen. Both the rich and the poor need it. There are things in life that we can do without, even if others have them and we don’t. Water is not one of them.”

Monitoring and Evaluation Leader Janet Kayi, Western Kenya:

“To me, water is life, dignity, and opportunity. Growing up, I saw how the lack of clean water affected families, especially women and girls, forcing them to spend hours fetching water instead of pursuing education or income-generating activities. 

“Water is not just a basic need — it is a foundation for health, empowerment, and development. When a community gains access to safe water, everything changes: children stay in school, women have time for meaningful work, and families thrive. This is why I am passionate about my work in the water sector — because water has the power to transform lives and it unlocks potential!”

Head of WASH Department Jemimah Khasoha, Western Kenya:

“Water is the most important component of life as far as I am concerned. Without which, there is no existence. All that I see, from nature to all living creatures, I see water.”

Field Officer Rachael Dorcas Obura, Western Kenya:

“Water is life to me, and the sight of clear, sparkling water flowing from protected springs and boreholes is nothing short of inspiring. This vital resource must flow freely, as it represents not just purity, but also hope. Each drop is a powerful reminder of the life-sustaining force that water provides, ensuring communities can achieve a healthier and brighter future.”

WASH Officer Betty Johnson, Sierra Leone:

“Water means to me a lot. A life without water is nothing. When I wake up in the morning, I use water to wash my face, use it to drink, [and] bathe, and this has contributed immensely to my health. I use water to practice personal hygiene. Without access to safe drinking water, there really is no quality [in] life.”

WASH Officer Kadiatu Kamara, Sierra Leone:

“Water means everything to me because I cannot live or do anything without water. From dawn to dusk, water is needed for me to be able to perform my daily functions. To bathe, cook, launder, and use the restroom.”

WASH Officer Lauretta Thompson, Sierra Leone:

“Water means life to me. Without water, there is no life. I will survive without food, but will not survive without water. I need water to cook, to clean, to wash, to drink, and my daily life revolves around having access to clean water every day.”

Program Manager Emma Kelly, United States:

“To me, water is a force of equity and opportunity. Water does so much on its own — it hydrates us, allows us to cook, and helps us maintain our hygiene. But lacking water does not only result in thirst or poor hygiene. Lacking access to water steals time and energy, especially from women and girls. Easy access to water means women and girls are no longer forced to walk long distances to fetch water, which gives them new opportunities for fun, for betterment, for escaping the cycle of poverty.”

Monitoring, Evaluation, Resolution, and Learning Associate Catherine McManus, United States:

“I live in a place where I don’t have to think about where my water comes from or if it’s safe to drink. In my own life, I can take water for granted — which is why it’s so important that I never do.”

Challenges & Overcoming Them 

Field Officer Adelaide Nasimiyu, Western Kenya:

“In the region we work in, some communities are still upholding their cultural and social norms on women’s discrimination. These communities believe women are not supposed to stand in front of people to train, especially men. This brings a big challenge, especially during hygiene trainings. Since I want to respect their culture and social norms, I always [bring] male colleagues to such communities to avoid conflict and resistance.”

Field Officer Joyce Naliaka, Western Kenya:

“Like many women in male-dominated fields, challenges are there but manageable, especially in communities where cultural norms and beliefs are strictly observed. Like in a case where some communities don’t allow women to speak before men and others where women should not be present during certain practices or functions. This is where my voice needed to be louder to be heard. I have overcome these challenges by building confidence in my expertise, forming strong networks with other women, and continuously advocating for inclusivity and gender equality within the sector.”

Social WASH Officer Esther Lydia Akol, Uganda:

“I have faced challenges, mainly negative societal perceptions questioning my ability as a woman to lead technical projects and manage complex decisions.

“To overcome this, I’ve focused on demonstrating results [and] letting my work speak for itself. I also engage communities directly, building trust by involving them in solutions and showing how inclusive approaches create better outcomes. By fostering collaboration and staying persistent, I’ve earned respect and shifted perceptions, both within the sector and in the communities I serve while keeping in the approach of community engagement and accountability.”

Technical WASH Officer Sarah Katusiime, Uganda:

“I have faced challenges as a woman in this sector, particularly in changing long-held mindsets about water, sanitation, and hygiene in communities. Many community members would often say, ‘We have used unprotected water since we were born, and our ancestors drank unboiled water without issues arising.’ 

“Overcoming this resistance required patience, persistence, and strategic engagement. I have focused on continuous community sensitization, using proven approaches like Community Led Total Sanitation, Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation, as well as direct home visits to encourage behavior change. Most importantly, by ensuring access to clean and safe water, I have been able to demonstrate the benefits of safe water firsthand. Seeing communities gradually embrace better WASH practices has been a rewarding experience, reinforcing my commitment to this work.”

WASH Officer Veronica Mwikali Matolo, Southeast Kenya:

“Sometimes, I wish that community challenges were addressed overnight upon interacting with beneficiaries. I have since learned to walk the development journey together with beneficiary populations.”

Monitoring and Evaluation Leader Janet Kayi, Western Kenya:

“One of the biggest challenges I have faced as a woman in the water sector is being in spaces where my expertise and contributions were sometimes overlooked or underestimated. In many communities, water management has traditionally been seen as a male-dominated field, and gaining trust and respect has required extra effort.

“To overcome this, I have remained confident in expressing my knowledge and skills, continuously learning and proving my capabilities through action. I have also built strong relationships with both community members and colleagues, showing through my work that women play a vital role in shaping sustainable water solutions.

“Another challenge is the emotional toll of working in communities where access to clean water is still a struggle. Seeing families suffer due to water scarcity can be heartbreaking. But I stay motivated by focusing on the impact we are making — one project, one household, and one life at a time. Knowing that my work contributes to lasting change keeps me going, even in difficult moments.”

Head of WASH Department Jemimah Khasoha, Western Kenya:

“As a woman working in the water sector, I have faced a myriad of challenges. First off, with the communities where men have the final say. It gets so difficult to convince men in such communities to even make non-monetary contributions to the project. But I have always emerged victorious because of my strong bargaining power. 

“Then there are these other communities that focus so much on dress code, with special emphasis on the women. Most of the roads are impassable with vehicles, so we use motorcycles, which requires us to put on trousers for safety and security. 

“Another challenge is when you get to a community which is in need of water but [the spring has] insufficient [water] and cannot be protected. It pains [me] to see such [a situation], but there is nothing you can do, only to pray and ask God to intervene.”

Field Officer Rachael Dorcas Obura, Western Kenya:

“Some communities still follow long-gone traditional practices, like when you call people for training on water, sanitation, and hygiene, some men or women won’t attend because of the community norms whereby fathers-in-law cannot stay in the same forum with their daughters-in-law, or daughters and fathers can’t stay in one forum. So, as a trainer, this saddens me because the training will not be well-attended because of the fear. As a trainer, I try to convince them — [some] agree while others remain very adamant.

“Women also face challenges due to this traditional norm whereby men can’t collect water even when their wives are sick or pregnant. Women have to access these water points which, at times, are very bushy and have dangerous terrain.”

WASH Officer Betty Johnson, Sierra Leone:

“I am a woman, and sometimes I face challenges, but I try hard to manage and resolve or work on them. I don’t let [the fact] that I am a woman work against me. Instead, I choose to be a world changer and have the right attitude and mindset.”

WASH Officer Kadiatu Kamara, Sierra Leone:

“No, I have not faced any challenges being a woman in the water sector. Because of the fairness the organization gives, I am more encouraged to continue in the water sector with the hopes that I will continue to improve and [be] promoted.”

WASH Officer Lauretta Thompson, Sierra Leone:

“I have not faced any challenges in the water sector as a woman; however, I would love to see more women in the field.”

Program Manager Emma Kelly, United States:

“Of course, there are challenges that come with being a woman in WASH, as there are in so many sectors. If you’re working in international WASH, and especially in emergency contexts, you have to be ready to take care of your own safety and mental health. These things are a challenge in any context, but especially in unfamiliar environments or in positions where you have to move around a lot and adapt to new cultures, new gender dynamics. 

“Travel is one of the things that drew me to international work, but it can be exhausting, isolating, and sometimes dangerous. My advice to women who are traveling for WASH jobs is to start slow — for your first job, try to find a role based in your country, or in a country that speaks your language. Read up about the context and culture of your new home, and trust your instincts if you don’t feel safe. And don’t deprive yourself of creature comforts! Pack the self-care products you like or carry something that reminds you of home — there are no extra points for being tough. You will be doing great, important work and deserve to be safe and comfortable.”

Monitoring, Evaluation, Resolution, and Learning Associate Catherine McManus, United States:

“I have found that the best way to thrive as a woman in engineering, WASH, academia, and the world is to find other women who have walked the same (or different!) paths I am walking. I am lucky to be part of a network of women who are not only intelligent and strong and capable, but who are also kind and empathetic and so beyond willing to support me and other women navigating a world and sector that are not always so friendly.”

Advice for Future Female WASH Leaders 

Field Officer Jacquey Kangu, Western Kenya:

“I would advise young women interested in working in WASH to stick to the mission of the organization, and ensure they practice good morals as they carry out their duties, and remain focused.”

Field Officer Adelaide Nasimiyu, Western Kenya:

“Don’t let challenges discourage you from pursuing your dreams. Water is life, and working in [the] water sector is not just beneficial, but essential, too.”

Field Officer Joyce Naliaka, Western Kenya:

“Be bold and relentless in your pursuit of change. Your voice matters and your contributions can reshape communities. Seek mentorship, keep learning, and never underestimate the power of your work in creating a ripple effect of positive impact.”

Social WASH Officer Esther Lydia Akol, Uganda:

“My advice to young women interested in working in the WASH sector is to believe in their abilities and pursue their desired path with confidence and determination while focusing on building their expertise, whether it’s through education, technical training, or field experience, and to never stop learning. I would also advise them to seek out mentors and role models who can guide and inspire them, and not to hesitate to network with others in the sector for support and collaboration.

“And most importantly, to remember this statement: your voice matters. Women bring unique insights and empathy to WASH projects, especially when addressing the needs of other women and children who are most affected by water, sanitation, and hygiene issues.”

Technical WASH Officer Sarah Katusiime, Uganda:

“My advice to young women interested in working in WASH is to remember that this work is about saving lives and making lasting change. They should note that behavior change takes time. You may face resistance at first, as deeply rooted practices don’t shift overnight, but stay patient, persistent, and committed. Every small step you take — whether through education, advocacy, or providing clean water — contributes to healthier communities. Your efforts will not only improve lives, but also empower others, especially women and girls, to live with dignity and better opportunities. Stay passionate and never underestimate the impact you can make.”

WASH Officer Veronica Mwikali Matolo, Southeast Kenya:

“WASH is feminine (interesting). In Africa, or, to be precise, in Kenya, women are highly involved in hygienic matters, cooking, [and] washing clothes, among other [things] like understanding when kids are unwell. Even in [hygiene] trainings, you’ll find that a good number [of attendants are] women.

“Working in WASH is so satisfying, since one understands what fellow women go through in terms of WASH-related issues, and handling them is easy. Seeing a woman satisfied after helping them out is lovely. Therefore, I would persuade women to join this sector and be part of the team addressing fellow women’s challenges.”

Program Reporting Services Officer Kelli Hilton, United States:

“If I could give advice to young women interested in the WaSH sector, it would be this: We need you. People all over the world are waiting to be inspired by your passion.”

Deputy Director Christine Luvandwa Mugambi, Western Kenya:

“Over the years, women have been tasked with the responsibility of handling all household duties, which mostly are water-dependent. This hasn’t changed over time, and we therefore have a role to play in contributing to a better narrative when it comes to water needs and the solutions [women] can offer, since it has always been our responsibility. [Women] ought to set their minds towards a successful future in WASH, as our voice in this sector really matters.”

Training Officer Lilian Achieng’, Western Kenya:

“My advice to young women who want to work in WASH is that it is doable despite the challenges. Being in the WASH sector requires selflessness [and] putting others’ needs for water, sanitation, and hygiene first.”

Monitoring and Evaluation Leader Janet Kayi, Western Kenya:

“My advice to young women interested in the WASH sector is to believe in yourself and your ability to create change. When I started in this field, I faced doubts — both from others and sometimes even within myself. But over time, I learned that passion, dedication, and knowledge are more powerful than any barrier.

“The WASH sector is not just about water; it’s about dignity, health, and opportunity. Women and girls are often the most affected by water challenges, so our voices and perspectives are essential in shaping solutions. Don’t be afraid to take up space, ask questions, and challenge the status quo.

“Build your skills, seek out mentors, and surround yourself with people who support your growth. There will be challenges, but don’t let them discourage you — let them fuel your determination. Remember, every clean water source you help bring to a community, every girl who can stay in school because of your work, and every life improved because of your efforts makes it all worthwhile.

“You belong in this field, and the world needs more women like you to lead the way!”

Head of WASH Department Jemimah Khasoha, Western Kenya:

“For any woman who would like to work in WASH, I would advise them it’s the best field to go [into]. [Let] passion, commitment, integrity, and selflessness be their driving force at work, and they will never be disappointed.”

Field Officer Rachael Dorcas Obura, Western Kenya:

“Primary healthcare plays a vital role in promoting water, sanitation, and hygiene. By participating in this sector, women can gain valuable economic empowerment and develop essential skills. These skills will enable them to create and sustain healthy households while prioritizing high standards of hygiene for themselves and their families.”

WASH Officer Betty Johnson, Sierra Leone:

“I would like to give advice to young women that they should wash their hands most often – hand washing skills with clean water and soap. To properly clean the water point and the surroundings. They should practice sanitation and hygiene to provide a friendly environment to live in. 

“I would also tell them that, in life, the sky is the limit. If they are passionate about humanity and saving lives, they need to go after a job that will allow them to do just that. Water is life.”

WASH Officer Kadiatu Kamara, Sierra Leone:

“Young women should be willing and ready to serve in WASH. They should see this as a way of helping to serve humanity. There are more opportunities opening every day for women. In the days of my parents, women were not allowed to go to school. Now women are Ministers and candidates for the Presidency. The WASH sector is another milestone we can conquer. They should keep in mind that they are just as important as men and can do anything they set their minds to.”

WASH Officer Lauretta Thompson, Sierra Leone:

“They must have a passion to serve humanity and not focus on making money. [The] WASH sector is a sector for people [who] are goal-oriented and love to help people. They should love what they do and do what they love.”

Program Manager Emma Kelly, United States:

“Don’t be afraid to start small. The water crisis is a big, complex issue that sneaks into all facets of life. Fittingly, ‘working in WASH’ can look like a million different things. 

“My first job in WASH was finding the names and contact information of thousands of plumbing inspectors for small towns all across the United States. For hours upon hours, I scoured the pages of municipal websites on a borrowed computer in the basement of my university library. The work felt small and was certainly redundant, but contributed to the larger work of the Last Mile Innovation Lab, which eventually helped reduce the risk of recontamination of water on its way to my own home, as well as those of my neighbors and people across the country. Every small effort to improve water, sanitation, and hygiene access matters — so just jump in and get started!”

Monitoring, Evaluation, Resolution, and Learning Associate Catherine McManus, United States:

“Get good at something you care about! WASH problems will require all types of solutions and all types of thinkers. We need strong women with a range of skills — education, policy, science and technology, public health, communications, economics — odds are if you’re good at something, you can use it to help solve WASH problems.” 

The Transformative Power of Water for Women and Girls

Field Officer Jacquey Kangu, Western Kenya:

“Access to safe water has transformed the lives of women and girls by improving health, education, and even economic opportunities. [It also] reduces the risk of waterborne diseases like diarrhea, stomachaches, typhoid, dysentery, and also backaches and headaches due to traveling long distances carrying water. 

“As a result of good health, women are able to participate in a number of income-generating activities, hence [increasing their] productivity. For instance, much produce from farming leads to increased nutrition due to a balanced diet, [and thus an] increased lifespan. 

“Access to water also makes it easier for women and girls to carry out and maintain sanitation and hygiene, which increases their confidence even to take up leadership roles in society. There is increased enrollment of girls in learning institutions due to easy water access, which is very crucial in maintaining menstrual hygiene. On top of that, water access has also played a role in reducing absenteeism from school, and as a result, girls pursue their education and achieve their full potential, thus [becoming] self-independent and [promoting] a stable society.”

Field Officer Adelaide Nasimiyu, Western Kenya:

“When schools have clean water, girls no longer have to miss class during menstruation. 

“Women spend hours every day walking to fetch water. When clean water is brought closer to their homes, women can use that time to start businesses, grow food, and learn new skills.”

Field Officer Joyce Naliaka, Western Kenya:

“Access to safe water drastically reduces the time women and girls spend collecting water, allowing girls to attend school and women to explore economic opportunities. I have seen families break the cycle of poverty simply because they now have water nearby. It’s a powerful reminder of how essential clean water is to gender equality and development.”

Social WASH Officer Esther Lydia Akol, Uganda:

“In the communities I serve, the most immediate change I have seen and witnessed is the reduction in the time and effort spent searching for safe water. This was not only time-consuming but also physically exhausting for women and girls. They now have more time to engage in income-generating activities, personal development, and education. Girl child education has greatly improved due to regular school attendance. 

“For mothers and their children, I have seen safe water access enhance health outcomes, with reduced risks of waterborne diseases like diarrhea in children, especially those under five years. This has led to healthier families and less time spent caring for sick children, freeing up time and energy for garden work and businesses at [the] community level.

“I also have noticed empowerment and dignity amongst women. They have gained a greater sense of control over their lives, and participate more actively in community level and economic activities. In communities I serve in Kiryandongo District, I’ve seen women take on leadership roles in Water and Sanitation committees and advocate for further development projects, which amplifies their voices in decision-making.”

Technical WASH Officer Sarah Katusiime, Uganda:

“Access to safe water has truly transformed the lives of women and girls in remarkable ways. In many communities, water collection has traditionally been a woman’s role, often forcing them to walk long distances and spend hours fetching water. With safe water now readily available, women can reclaim that time for more productive activities, such as income generation and caring for their families.

“For girls, the impact has been equally profound. Improved hygiene, especially in menstrual health management, means they no longer have to miss school due to a lack of water for bathing or washing menstrual materials. They can attend classes with confidence, without fear of blood stains or discomfort. Schools with access to clean water ensure that girls remain in school during their periods, breaking barriers that once held them back.”

WASH Officer Veronica Mwikali Matolo, Southeast Kenya:

“Women and girls gaining access to safe water has really transformed their lives in several ways, like shortening [the] distances that girls and women walked to water sources and reducing [safety concerns].”

“[The] girl child has [always] been responsible for fetching water, thus missing school. Nowadays, [in communities with water], it’s not the case. Girls are freely going to school and learning seamlessly.

“Schools with school water tanks have been able to accommodate girls in their boarding facilities because they have plenty [of] water, thus improving in their studies.

“It has also helped in improving personal esteem because they’re clean, as well as helping them use reusable sanitary towels because they have sufficient water to wash them.”

Program Reporting Services Officer Kelli Hilton, United States:

“As a report writer, I have the privilege of witnessing water projects come full circle — from inception to completion. There’s a special joy in writing final or year-after reports, especially when I wrote the initial report. I get to see transformation firsthand: a girl who once struggled to attend school, exhausted from long journeys to fetch water or fearful for her safety, becomes a girl whose needs are met, who attends school regularly, and who dares to dream. 

“Through her words, I read hope. All because of clean water.”

Deputy Director Christine Luvandwa Mugambi, Western Kenya:

“In communities where we have worked, it’s evident that the women are genuinely happier, the workload has significantly reduced, and yet again, others have directed the time and energy [they] previously used to get water to undertake other income generating activities. A happy woman is equal to a happy home.”

Training Officer Lilian Achieng’, Western Kenya:

“I have seen access to safe water bringing self-confidence in girls who can stay clean while in school during their menstruation period. I have seen women testify that their children no longer frequent hospitals

due to water related diseases. Women have been able to regain their freedom from the shackles of ever being in search of water and instead have turned this time into productive moments like small businesses, farming and even religious work.”

Monitoring and Evaluation Leader Janet Kayi, Western Kenya:

“I have witnessed firsthand how access to clean water transforms the lives of women and girls in my community. Before water projects were implemented, many women and girls spent hours walking long distances to fetch water, often from unsafe sources. This daily struggle not only affected their health but also limited their opportunities — girls missed school, and women had little time to engage in income-generating activities.

“One moment that stands out to me was when a spring was installed in a village where women used to wake up before dawn to collect water. After the project, I spoke to a mother who told me how her life had changed — she could now focus on farming and growing her small business, while her daughters could attend school consistently.

“Clean water doesn’t just quench thirst; it restores dignity, improves health, and creates opportunities. It means fewer cases of waterborne diseases, better hygiene, and a chance for women and girls to build a better future. Seeing these transformations reminds me why I do this work and why access to safe water is a fundamental right that we must continue fighting for.”

Head of WASH Department Jemimah Khasoha, Western Kenya:

“We live in a world that has empowered women and girls greatly. Clean and safe water has helped most women and girls by boosting their self-esteem and giving them a better chance of competing, even in the male-dominated careers.”

Field Officer Rachael Dorcas Obura, Western Kenya:

“Access to safe water has significantly improved the lives of women and girls in our community by enhancing their hygiene and sanitation practices. With reliable access to water, individuals can maintain cleaner homes, utensils, clothing, and pit latrines, while also practicing effective food handling methods.

“Furthermore, the availability of water has enabled women to establish kitchen gardens, allowing them to grow vegetables for their families. This initiative not only contributes to financial savings but also allows them to allocate resources toward other essential needs. Additionally, women have begun to cultivate vegetables for sale, generating income for their households and fostering economic empowerment within the community.

“For young girls, the time they previously spent collecting water can now be directed towards their schoolwork, thereby improving their grades and helping them achieve their dreams.

“Furthermore, clean and safe drinking water helps prevent diseases such as diarrhea, typhoid, cholera, skin rashes, and dysentery. A healthy family is vital for economic development, as good health provides the energy needed to pursue daily activities without the burden of medical expenses.”

WASH Officer Betty Johnson, Sierra Leone:

“I feel happy when I see women and girls have access to safe water, which contributes to their health. The burden of walking long distances to access water outside their home has reduced, and also spending hours fetching water has reduced, which has led to more time doing other things like studying or having a market to earn a living. 

“I have also seen how having access to a safe water source and reusable menstrual hygiene kits has changed the lives of school-going girls. I’m so happy to be part of distributing those and so happy to be part of doing this kind of work.”

WASH Officer Lauretta Thompson, Sierra Leone:

“The women can now cook before nightfall. They now have clean water to drink and cook with. They no longer have to travel far distances just to get water in [their] homes. They used to fetch water and leave it for hours before it [could] be used to drink or cook. They also now have time to tend to the small gardens near their homes instead of having to go to the swamp. They also prepare small businesses and sell at home. 

“Babies are now being properly cared for instead of leaving them unattended to go and fetch water far away. Young girls are now regularly attending classes. They now spend more time studying and reduced time fetching water. School marks have improved, with more girls dreaming of becoming professionals and thinking about college [rather] than getting married at a young age.”

Monitoring, Evaluation, Resolution, and Learning Associate Catherine McManus, United States:

“I was lucky enough to go to school and university to get an education and build the safe and happy life I want for myself. We know too well that not every girl around the world has that freedom — and, too often, it’s because their time is taken up hauling water. Any time improved access to a drinking water source allows a girl to attend school for longer, and be eligible for jobs where she can make her own money and choose her own life, the whole world is transformed.”

Conclusion

The stories of these women highlight an undeniable truth: access to safe water is life-changing. It empowers women to pursue education, build businesses, care for their families, and lead their communities toward a healthier future. But millions of women and girls are still waiting for that chance.

This work doesn’t happen on its own. Today, you can stand with these women in their fight for clean water. Whether by sharing their stories, supporting The Water Project’s initiatives, or advocating for WASH programs, your involvement makes a difference.

Water transforms lives. And together, we can ensure that every woman and girl has the opportunity to thrive.

The post Women of WASH: Leaders and Change-Makers first appeared on The Water Project.

In the past, this region followed a predictable rainy season cycle, with one rainy season March through May and another October through December. The steady tempo of this incoming water supply allowed farmers to plan their crops and communities to collect and store water efficiently.

But recent years have seen significant disruptions to this predictable pattern. The rains don’t always come, or they arrive in bursts too short and unpredictable to support agriculture.

Droughts — prolonged dry seasons that stretch beyond their usual cycles — are becoming more frequent and severe. In 2023, for instance, the Horn of Africa faced its worst drought in 70 years.

Cornelius Kyalo, Executive Director of The Water Project’s Southeast Kenya Program, shared his experience of how rainfall has impacted these counties. 

“30 – 40 years ago, the rainfall and dry seasons used to start and end at the right time. As a result of climate change and variability, the frequency of famines/drought cycles in the area [has increased] from 20 years, to 12 years, to two years, and currently almost to an annual phenomenon.

“Rainfall seasons have become erratic and unreliable with poorly distributed rainfall while the dry seasons have become longer, resulting [in] an increase in the frequency of droughts.”

And the data backs up what Cornelius is saying, as the World Bank Climate Risk Country Profile for Kenya explains: 

“Extreme rainfall events are occurring with greater frequency and intensity. Increased aridity and droughts have also been observed, with moderate drought events recorded on average every three to four years and major droughts every ten years. Since 2000, prolonged droughts have become more common.”

World Bank

How Drought Disrupts Life: Doreen’s Story

We’ve seen firsthand the devastating effects drought has on families, farms, and communities. But rather than list those effects, we’d like you to see them through Doreen’s eyes.

Doreen lives in the Syandu Community of Kitui County, described by Field Officer Alex Koech as “…mostly bare, rocky, and dusty due to the immense drought in the area, complemented by erratic rainfall. The residents use dusty murram (gravel) roads and cracked footpaths when going to fetch water.”

Every morning of her life, 25-year-old mother Doreen has woken knowing that water will dictate her entire day.

During the rainy seasons, Doreen collects rain from her roof or water from a nearby river. But now, the riverbed near her home has been dry for months. She has no choice but to walk several miles to the next available water source, hoping to find water at the bottom of a scoop hole. 

When she arrives, she’s never alone. As drought grips the region, more and more people crowd the scoop hole, waiting for their turn to collect its brown, salty water.

“Sometimes one has to wait for water to accumulate in the scoop hole, which takes longer during the drought period because many people depend on the scoop hole,” Doreen explains. “[The water] diminishes in quantity as the drought progresses.”

By the time she returns home, hours have passed. And, often, Doreen has to turn around and walk right back to the scoop hole. One container of water is just not enough to sustain a family and a farm for a day.

When Doreen finally finishes fetching water, her children are hungry. But without enough water for irrigation, her crops don’t grow well, leaving her without food and without income to buy more.

“Water is life,” Doreen says. “Without water, life is very difficult. It is difficult to take care of my children when there is no water for my crops, which makes it hard to feed them or [pay] school fees. Water is crucial for us because we need it for drinking, cooking, irrigating our crops, and also for our animals.”

Balancing all these water needs is a losing game. Every day, Doreen makes impossible decisions. Sometimes, that means sacrificing critical disease-preventing hygiene behaviors.

“Hygiene and sanitation have severely been affected because residents barely get enough water for cooking or drinking, let alone performing hygiene duties,” Alex said.

Waterborne diseases spread fast when people drink from unsafe sources. Doreen wonders if she and her children will be next, and what will happen to her farm, her children, and her finances if she gets sick.

This is what drought looks like for Doreen.

The Ripple Effects of Drought

Doreen’s story is just one example of how drought creates a chain reaction of hardship — one that impacts food security, health, education, and economic stability. Unlike regions with strong water infrastructure, where irrigation and reservoirs can help mitigate the effects of drought, most households in Southeast Kenya rely solely on rainfall. When that rain doesn’t come, the consequences are devastating.

Food Insecurity and Economic Hardship

• In a normal year, farmers in this area of Kenya produce most of their crops during the short rainy season from October to December. But when those rains fail, the fields remain barren, leaving families with nothing to eat.
• Drought hardens soil, preventing rain from soaking in when it finally arrives. Instead of replenishing crops, the water runs off, leaving the land as dry as before.
• When farmers grow less food, the price of their harvest increases, hurting families that can’t grow their own.

For Doreen, this means choosing between keeping a small amount of water for irrigation or using it for cooking and drinking. It means selling whatever she can immediately after harvest to cover urgent expenses like school fees — only to be left struggling for food a few months later.

Waterborne Diseases and Hygiene Risks

“The community members [in Syandu] have mostly complained of water-related infections like typhoid, amoeba, and diarrhea after drinking water from the current sources,” said Field Officer Alex Koech. “Hygiene-related infections like ringworms have also been reported.”

During drought, disease outbreaks spike because:

• Water sources shrink, causing contamination levels to increase as more people rely on fewer, unprotected water points.
• The first heavy rain after a prolonged drought often flushes accumulated contaminants into water sources, leading to a surge in typhoid and cholera cases.
• People are less able to keep their environments clean or wash their hands regularly, increasing their risk of infections.

Education and the Time Cost of Water

Although Doreen fetches water for her own household, research shows that in sub-Saharan Africa, children often bear the burden of collecting water for their families. 

As drought extends the time it takes to find water in this region, it’s easy to imagine the consequences for children’s education and futures.

• Girls are especially affected, as they are more likely to be responsible for fetching water for their families.
• Forty million children are having their education disrupted every year because of disasters exacerbated by climate change, and this number continues to increase.

When families have to choose between survival and education, opportunities for the next generation disappear.

How Sand Dams and Shallow Wells Change the Equation

The situation in Syandu may sound dire, but drought doesn’t have to mean devastation. With the right infrastructure, families can survive — and even thrive — despite unreliable rains.

In drought-prone areas where rivers dry up for months, sand dams are a game-changer. Unlike traditional dams that create large, open reservoirs, sand dams store water beneath layers of sand, protecting it from evaporation and contamination.

Sand dams are constructed from stone and cement in dry riverbeds where water flows during the rainy season. As rainwater rushes down the river, the dam slows the flow, trapping sand and silt while allowing excess water to pass over. Over time, layers of sand accumulate behind the dam, creating a natural underground reservoir, or artificial aquifer.

In its first rainy season, a sand dam captures up to 3% of the river’s flow while allowing excess water to pass over. Thanks to new groundwater reserves, shallow wells constructed on the riverbank can then provide water even when the river has dried up.

This new water source not only replenishes the area’s water table, but it also promotes more rainfall by creating a welcoming environment for plants. 

A 2024 study on the effectiveness of sand dams in Zimbabwe showed incredible results.

“Sand dams significantly improved local water availability, most notably with a significant increase in the number of months per year that water could be collected from the dam site (mean = 6.5 months before, to mean = 10.9 months after construction). This increase is also reflected in drought years (mean = 5.8 months before, to mean = 9.6 months after construction).”

For Doreen and her neighbors, this means:

• No more digging in dry riverbeds. Water will be stored beneath the sand and accessible through a nearby shallow well.
• A year-round water supply. Even in peak drought, Syandu should have a hidden reservoir of safe water just below the surface.
• Less time fetching water. Instead of walking miles, Doreen and other residents will have a permanent, reliable water source close to home.

“The proposed sand dam and shallow well project will raise the water aquifers and offer the residents clean water to drink. There will be enough water to irrigate the crops, offering the self-help group members food security and a source of income when they sell their farm produce to other community members,” said Alex.

Why We Need to Act Now

The upcoming rainy season will not last forever. We need to act before April 30th to give community members time to construct the sand dam before the rainy season from March to May ends.

By supporting this effort, you can help break the cycle of water scarcity and build a future where Doreen never has to walk miles for water again.

Will you help make that future a reality?

The post Understanding Drought in Southeast Kenya: Causes and Effects first appeared on The Water Project.

Taking water for granted is easy when it seems abundant. If you’re not hearing about water shortages in the news, and your tap still runs like normal, you might assume there’s nothing to worry about. But that assumption is often misguided.

For instance, did you know you could be living in a drought and not even realize it?

Many regions experience hidden water stress — where groundwater reserves are depleting faster than they’re being replenished, even if lakes and reservoirs still look full. Large portions of the United States experience drought conditions every year, and the EPA estimates that many states will face water shortages in the coming decades. 

But because water infrastructure continues delivering what we need, most people never feel the effects. Consequently, they don’t give their water consumption a second thought. 

Meanwhile, other parts of the world — like the communities where The Water Project works — feel every drop of scarcity. When water is limited, life is limited. Families have to make impossible choices about what little they have.

For people living with piped water at home, the decision to conserve water can be as simple as turning off the tap while scrubbing their hands or running a full dishwasher instead of a half-full one. They know subconsciously that their faucet will still provide water the next time they use it, so these decisions don’t hold much weight.

In places where water is physically scarce, the stakes are much higher. The scant water a mother collects after walking miles won’t last if she tries to do everything her family needs. She faces impossible decisions, like: should she wash her children’s clothes today, or should she save the water for cooking?

This is why conservation matters. Even in places where water is abundant, saving it helps ensure a future where no one has to make impossible choices just to get enough to survive.

The Scarcity of Fresh Water

According to the United States Geological Survey, water covers 71% of Earth’s surface, but 96.5% of it is salt water — undrinkable without expensive treatment. Only 2.5% is fresh water, and of that, about 68% is locked away in glaciers and ice caps. Another 30% exists as groundwater, some of which is trapped too deep underground to be accessed. That leaves us with just 0.3% of the world’s fresh water readily available in lakes, rivers, and swamps.

To put this into perspective, if Earth’s total water supply were represented by 100 liters, the fresh water available to us would amount to just half a teaspoon.

And the situation is getting worse.

Between 2014 and 2016, the world lost an estimated 290 cubic miles of fresh water — that’s 250% of the volume of Lake Erie. Once fresh water is lost, it isn’t easily replenished. Climate change, deforestation, and pollution disrupt natural water cycles, making it harder for rain to replenish lakes, rivers, and groundwater reserves. Some of the world’s most important water sources — like the Ogallala Aquifer in the U.S. and Lake Chad in Africa — are disappearing faster than nature can replace them.

Does Saving Water Really Matter If My Area Has Plenty?

A common question people ask when learning about water conservation is: “If I live in a place where water isn’t scarce, how does saving water actually help?”

It’s a fair question. If you’re not pulling water directly from disappearing resources like Lake Chad or the Ogallala Aquifer, then your personal water use might not seem connected to global water issues. 

But here’s why saving water always matters, no matter where you live:

• Water treatment and distribution require energy. Every gallon of water that flows through your pipes has been pumped, treated, and heated, all of which require electricity, chemicals, and infrastructure. Reducing your water use also reduces your carbon footprint, making conservation an environmental win beyond just saving water.
• Climate patterns are shifting. A region that has plenty of water today may not have it tomorrow. The U.S. Drought Monitor has shown that droughts are expanding into places where water shortages were once rare. 45 U.S. states are currently experiencing moderate drought or worse. Good water habits now mean better resilience for your area later.
• Reducing demand delays future water shortages. Overuse and wasteful consumption strain local water supplies over time. Even if your area isn’t currently water-stressed, population growth and changing rainfall patterns can turn an abundant resource into a scarce one.
• Your actions inspire broader change. When people adopt water-saving habits, it influences policy, industry standards, and community practices. Individual efforts add up — they drive demand for more efficient appliances, encourage businesses to cut water waste, and promote responsible policies at every level.

Even if you don’t live in a water-scarce area, conserving water reduces waste, saves energy, and strengthens long-term water security — for you and for future generations.

The Most Effective Ways to Conserve Water at Home

The last time The Water Project wrote about conserving water at home, we focused on surprisingly easy changes that save water — small steps that fit seamlessly into everyday life. This time, we’re asking a bit more of you, and we’re confident you can handle it!

Saving water doesn’t have to be difficult. Studies show that small changes in behavior and infrastructure can have a measurable impact on water conservation. Here are some of the most effective ways you can reduce water waste in your own home:

Actions You Can Take Right Now

These are small adjustments you can make today that will immediately start saving water.

• Fix leaks as soon as you can. A single leaky faucet can waste thousands of gallons of water per year. Even small drips add up, so checking for leaks and repairing them promptly is one of the easiest and most effective ways to conserve water.
  • If you’re having trouble drumming up the motivation to check your water fixtures for leaks, the EPA’s Fix a Leak Week is coming up in March. This occasion offers an opportunity to join a collective movement of homeowners all doing their part to reduce water wastage.
• Be mindful of running water.
  • Turn off the tap while brushing your teeth or washing your hands.
  • Use a basin to rinse dishes instead of running water continuously.
  • Only run dishwashers and washing machines with full loads.
  • Defrost food in the fridge instead of under running water.
  • Rinse produce in a bowl instead of under a running tap.
• Shorten your showers. Taking a shower that’s just two minutes shorter can save up to 150 gallons of water per month.
• Be smart about watering your lawn and garden.
  • Water in the early morning to minimize evaporation.
    • If you choose to water your lawn, do so deeply and infrequently — about one to two inches per week in one or two sessions — to encourage deep root growth and drought tolerance. Avoid frequent shallow watering, which weakens grass and increases water waste. Overwatering can lead to shallow root growth, disease, and pest problems.
  • Skip watering entirely if rain is in the forecast.
  • Adjust sprinkler settings to avoid watering sidewalks and driveways.
  • In dry periods, consider letting your lawn go dormant — it will naturally bounce back when the rain returns.
  • These principles apply to gardens, too! When watering flower beds or vegetable gardens, aim for deep, infrequent watering to help roots grow strong and resilient. Drip irrigation or soaker hoses are great alternatives to sprinklers because they deliver water directly to the soil, reducing evaporation.
• Use a broom instead of a hose. Rather than hosing down sidewalks or driveways, sweep away debris to save water.

Planning for the Future

These changes require an investment of time or money, but can significantly reduce your household’s long-term water use.

• Install water-efficient fixtures. Low-flow showerheads, faucets, and toilets can reduce household water use by at least 20%, often with no noticeable difference in performance. Many water-efficient products are affordable and easy to install.
• Upgrade to a high-efficiency washing machine or dishwasher. Modern models use far less water than older appliances. Some ENERGY STAR-certified dishwashers use only 3 gallons per load.
• Replace your lawn with native, drought-resistant plants. Traditional lawns require significant water, but native plants thrive with less irrigation.
  • Consider xeriscaping, a landscaping approach that reduces or eliminates the need for irrigation. 
• Install a rainwater collection system. A simple rain barrel can collect water for outdoor use, reducing reliance on municipal water. 
• Consider a greywater reuse system. Greywater — gently used water from sinks, showers, and laundry machines — can often be safely reused for things like flushing toilets or watering plants. 

Small Actions, Big Impact

It’s easy to assume that personal water conservation efforts don’t matter in the grand scheme of things. But they really do.

Fixing a leak, installing a water-efficient fixture, or simply being mindful of when the tap is running might feel like a drop in the bucket, but collectively, these efforts add up to millions of gallons of water saved each year.

The reality is, you have the luxury of saving water effortlessly. It doesn’t take hours of walking or tough choices between drinking and washing. The smallest changes in your daily habits can help ensure a more water-secure future for everyone.

So, what will you do today to conserve water?

The post Water Conservation: How Everyone Can Fight the Water Crisis first appeared on The Water Project.

The rain stopped coming months ago. Her rainwater containers have been dry ever since. And with it being so dry in Southeast Kenya where she lives, only one option remains.

Every day, Doreen lifts her water container onto her shoulder and trudges for miles and miles — at least two hours each way — to the nearest riverbed. Along the way, she meets others. Some have donkeys to carry multiple containers of water at a time, but Doreen lacks that luxury.

The bushes on the path hide venomous snakes. The sun beats down on her head and shoulders. She sweats out what little water remains in her body. And still, it takes so long to reach the river.

And once she gets there, it’s time to wait in line. After all, about 3,000 people live in this community alone, so everyone’s rainwater dried up long ago. 

With only one usable scoop hole available, Doreen usually wastes at least an hour awaiting her turn to scoop out brown, salty water. Not only is this water salty, but it’s also contaminated by animal excrement, being open to the elements as it is. No one should be forced to drink it. 

Once Doreen’s jerrycan is brimming with dirty water, it’s time to make the journey home. 

But even if she makes good time, she won’t be rewarded with rest. Instead, her prize will be another trip to the scoop hole. Back to the queue. Back into the heat. Because one jerrycan of water is not enough to water her crops, let alone to feed her children, launder clothes, or bathe. 

As a mother, all Doreen wants is to care for her children. To see them educated, and happy, and doing better than she ever did. But by the time she gets back home, that unavoidable journey has stolen most of her energy for the day.

“Water is life. Without water, life is very difficult,” Doreen says.

“It is difficult to take care of my children when there is no water for my crops, which makes it hard to feed them or [pay] school fees. Water is crucial for us because we need it for drinking, cooking, irrigating our crops, and also for our animals.”

Water is crucial, as Doreen said. But right now, the daily quest for water has stolen all of Doreen’s time and energy. And with no other water options for miles around, the only way Doreen can keep herself and her family alive is to keep going back to that disgusting scoop hole every day, no matter what.

Doreen doesn’t need a miracle. All she needs is water.

And, unfortunately, Doreen isn’t alone in this situation. The 3,000 other people in Syandu are all living similar stories. 

“Fetching water during the drought period is an exacting task,” said Lucy M., a neighbor of Doreen’s. Her journey to the riverbed is more than three miles long, similar to Doreen’s.

“I have to walk on dusty, rocky pathways under the scorching sun. I return home too tired to focus on other activities like household chores and farming. I have to use the little drawn water sparingly, which adversely affects hygiene and sanitation here at home, let alone irrigating crops. There are long queues at the water point during the drought period because we have to wait for the scoop hole to replenish itself as the water level drops.”

And less water for crop irrigation and animal rearing translates to less food for everyone in Syandu.

“It takes nine hours to walk five kilometers to the scoop hole and come back home, thanks to the long queues,” said Julius K., another neighbor of Doreen’s. 

“The water scarcity situation is rampant every year, and the situation repeats itself every time. The land in our area dries up, becomes bare, and the soil becomes dusty.” 

During the dry season, the land in Syandu transforms. Dry and cracked, it makes farming nearly impossible. Without water, nothing can grow. Farmers in Syandu can only watch as their soil turns to dust in their hands.

Julius continued: “My animals deteriorate health-wise because they have no pasture or enough water to drink. They are not able to drink water every day. The few crops we are able to plant during the wet season quickly dry up while some are stunted. My younger children and I have to bear with [the] hunger during most times in the drought period.”

The people of Syandu tried to solve this problem on their own. 

“The community members have sought the help of the local government and well-wishers to address the water scarcity in the area, but they have received little support, which has not been fruitful in the fight against water scarcity,” said Field Officer Alex Koech from our Southeast Kenya team.

But community members heard about the benefits of a sand dam and shallow well in a neighboring community. When they finally contacted our Southeast Kenya team members, they found people willing to listen.

“Hearing about their daily routine was pitiful because fetching water is the main agenda of the day during most times of the year,” Alex said. “The return home each day exhausted [them], and [they were] unable to put their energy [into] ways of improving themselves.”

Syandu’s community members have already started work on building a sand dam in hopes that their project gets funded. They’re gathering large stones and pounding rocks into gravel. They’re transporting materials handful by handful in the hopes of building better futures for themselves and future generations.

Now, all they need is your help.

The rains are coming. If we act now, we can help Doreen’s community build a lasting water source before another dry season returns.

But we must raise the funds by April 30th to catch the next rains. If we miss this window, the water will come and go, and Syandu will face another season of drought, exhaustion, and hunger.

Doreen doesn’t need a miracle. She needs water. And today, you can help provide it.

The post Doreen’s Story first appeared on The Water Project.

When thinking about how clean water fits into this theme, I ran into an unusual challenge: every single story we’ve encountered in our work could apply. 

After all, water forms the foundation for a just transition. It determines whether a farmer can grow crops through increasingly erratic weather, whether a student can focus in school, and whether a healthcare worker can safely treat patients. Every person we’ve met who lacks access to safe, reliable water has been unjustly left behind — and every water project we’ve helped implement has been a step toward equity.

That’s because access to water is the foundation of justice. No community can build a sustainable, just future without first securing reliable access to clean water.

What is a Just Transition?

So what exactly is transitioning, and why does it need to be just?

The world is very clearly changing. Climate patterns are shifting, economies are evolving in response, and global policies are moving toward sustainability. But if these transitions exclude communities already lacking in vital resources, inequality will only deepen.

A just transition means ensuring that as the world adapts to change, no one is left behind. It means facilitating the tools and resources — like water access — that allow people to thrive in a changing world.

Water is the First Building Block of Justice

Before we can talk about education, decent work, or climate resilience, we have to talk about water.

One might argue that any form of deprivation — whether it’s lack of education, healthcare, or economic opportunity — is an injustice. And they’d be right. But unless you start with water, none of those other concepts can even begin to take shape.

When a person lacks water, their:

• Health suffers first. Waterborne illnesses are one of humanity’s biggest barriers to economic and social progress — and, of course, they’re entirely preventable.
• Time disappears. Hours spent fetching water are hours stolen from education, work, and community growth.
• Basic survival takes priority over progress. Without water, people can’t farm, can’t care for livestock, and can’t build better lives.

As a necessity for life, water comes before all others. Without it, social justice is just a distant dream.

To illustrate this, let’s take a look at how water changed a single person’s life: Kasembi’s.

Kasembi’s Story: A Just Transition in Action

A year ago, Kasembi and the 800 residents of Kamuuwani Community in Kenya relied on a single scoop hole in a dry riverbed for water. That water was contaminated, unreliable, and far from home.

“Last year, water was a constant struggle. The scoop hole at Iguini River was far — five kilometers is not a short distance, especially when you’re carrying heavy jerrycans back home,” Kasembi shared.

“The water was dirty, [and] contaminated with animal waste and dust, and many of us got sick from drinking it. I remember getting stomach upsets and typhoid more times than I can count. During the dry season, the scoop hole would run dry, and we’d be forced to buy water from motorbike vendors at a very high cost. It felt like we spent most of our time and money just trying to survive, with little energy left for farming or taking care of our animals.”

Kasembi’s story illustrates a hidden barrier to social justice: when people are constantly fighting for water, they’re blocked from participating in their own future.

But today, Kasembi’s life looks completely different.

Last year, generous donors made it possible for The Water Project to build a sand dam and well in Kamuuwani Community. Now, water is reliable, clean, and accessible.

“Fetching water here is like a dream compared to before. It’s close by, so I don’t have to spend hours walking or waiting in long lines. The water is clean and safe, and I don’t have to worry about my family getting sick,” Kasembi said.

With safe water available year-round, Kasembi can now focus on building her future, rather than just surviving.

“My health has improved so much. I used to get stomach upsets, typhoid, and amoeba often, but now I hardly fall sick. With clean water, my family and I are healthier and have more energy. I’ve been able to focus on my farm, and I’ve even started growing vegetables, something I couldn’t do before because, previously, we did not have enough water to irrigate our crops. Now, I have a thriving garden that helps feed my family.”

Access to clean water served as a turning point for Kasembi. Now, she has the opportunity to plan for a better future instead of just planning on how to survive from day to day.

“My dream is to expand my farm and grow even more crops to sell. I want to build a small irrigation system and maybe start keeping more livestock, like cows or goats. I hope to educate my children and give them opportunities I didn’t have.”

Kasembi’s story is a perfect example of what a just transition looks like in real life. She is no longer trapped in the cycle of water scarcity — she has the foundation to build a sustainable future.

A Just Transition Must Include Water for All

When we talk about a “just transition” toward a more sustainable world, we have to ask: who gets to participate?

Without access to safe water, communities like Kasembi’s get left behind. Climate change will continue to make rainfall less predictable and water sources more unreliable. Countries in sub-Saharan Africa are suffering more from climate change fallout than richer nations despite having contributed the least to its formation. 

For these communities, safe and reliable access to water is one of the most powerful tools for fighting against climate change. With consistent water access, families can grow food, sustain livestock, and build resilience against droughts and erratic rainfall. Water security means fewer climate-driven displacements, better public health, and stronger economies.

Safe and reliable access to water ensures that as climate patterns shift, Kasembi’s community has the water they need to farm, earn a living, and adapt to a changing world.

A truly just transition requires investments in infrastructure that include rural and underserved communities. Without access to clean water, these communities remain excluded from economic progress.

You Can Help Build a More Just World

Kasembi’s journey from survival to sustainability was made possible by people like you.

Every community should have the chance to build their own better future, and that starts with water. Will you help bring water to another community in need today?

The post Water and Justice: Why a Just Transition Must Start with Clean Water first appeared on The Water Project.

The simple act of turning on a tap, something many take for granted, is an unthinkable luxury for millions of people. And without it, the psychological toll of scarcity can be overwhelming. Safe, reliable sources of water lift away invisible burdens that the people we serve carry every day — the stress, exhaustion, and mental strain of living without reliable access to safe water. 

This Random Acts of Kindness Day, we’re looking beyond the physical benefits of clean water to explore how it restores peace of mind, relieves stress, and brings hope to those who receive it.

The Psychological Benefits of Clean Water

Access to clean water is often discussed in terms of its physical benefits — better health, stronger communities, and increased economic opportunities. But one crucial aspect is often overlooked: the profound impact clean water has on mental well-being.

The constant uncertainty of where to get safe water, the hours spent walking long distances, and the illnesses that come from drinking contaminated water all contribute to mental distress. When clean, reliable water becomes available, it not only restores physical health but also offers something just as vital — peace of mind, dignity, and hope.

When essential resources like clean water are scarce, the brain shifts into survival mode. Research on scarcity shows that it taxes cognitive resources, narrowing focus to immediate needs while diminishing long-term planning and problem-solving abilities. This phenomenon, known as tunneling, makes it difficult for individuals to think beyond their next trip to collect water, leaving little mental bandwidth for education, work, or personal well-being.

A study published in Frontiers in Human Neuroscience found that people experiencing scarcity exhibit reduced connectivity in the prefrontal cortex, the part of the brain responsible for decision-making and impulse control. This can lead to chronic stress, anxiety, and fatigue, as people are forced to make difficult trade-offs every day. The constant strain also affects social relationships, increasing tensions in communities as individuals compete for limited resources.

Below, we share the stories of three individuals whose lives have been shaped by water — two still struggling under the weight of scarcity, and one whose life has changed thanks to access to clean water.

“Water is like the air I breathe.”

In Yanzui Maithya Community, 55-year-old Musyimi is facing an uphill battle — literally. Water is essential to his livelihood as a farmer, but his only options are a distant well and a solar water kiosk, both miles away, across hilly, dry terrain.

“Water is a necessity to me. It is like the air I breathe, and without it, I’m no more. The distance is very long, and at my age, I can only climb that hill for two trips,” Musyimi shared.

The exhaustion from fetching water every day leaves him drained, both physically and emotionally. Without enough time or energy left, his farm suffers, and so does his sense of independence. But when asked what life would be like with accessible water, Musyimi’s answer revealed that he has dreamed of getting clean water for a long, long time.

“I could sit quietly with my thoughts, perhaps even enjoy a moment of peace with a cup of tea. My mornings would be filled with possibility. With the hours I’d save, I could cultivate a garden, grow vegetables and flowers, and create a beautiful space for my family.”

Musyimi’s vision goes beyond survival. He dreams of peace, creativity, and joy — things that are almost impossible when water scarcity dictates every moment of his day.

A new sand dam and shallow well in Musyimi’s community will give him mental and emotional freedom, time to reflect, and the ability to work toward a future where his family can thrive.

“Drinking water that harms is like taking an arrow and piercing the heart.”

Imagine getting sick from the very water you rely on, but having no choice but to drink it again the next day — knowing full well it could harm you again.

This is Jane’s reality.

As a community health worker, Jane educates others about seeking medical care, yet she herself recently fell severely ill with typhoid from drinking contaminated water at her community’s unprotected spring.

“I just can’t believe what happened to me. My body had [a] high fever, above normal, which made me to sweat intensely and lose a lot of water. For the first time in my life, I was diagnosed with typhoid. …My case really taught me lessons. I had [to] pay a significant amount of money to be well, which really [had an] impact on my family budget.”

The irony is painful: she knows the risks better than anyone. She understands the cost of waterborne disease, both financially and physically. And yet, she has no choice but to continue drinking from the same contaminated source every single day.

“Drinking water that harms is like taking an arrow and piercing the heart; it is really painful,” Jane said.

What toll does that take on the psyche — to knowingly consume something harmful simply because there is no other option?

“Serving as a community health volunteer, my main duty is visiting community members to assess their health situation and recommend them to seek attention from health care facilities,” Jane explained. “As a result of being sick because of water-related illnesses, I cannot move around, meaning that I will not meet my target and also not earn a living. No work, no pay.”

Without a protected, reliable water source, Jane is caught in an exhausting cycle of illness, anxiety, and lost opportunity.

“Living with clean water can see communities living in harmony and peace.”

For Faith, the struggle for water once dictated every part of her daily life. As a 16-year-old girl in Kenya, she was responsible for collecting water for her family: an exhausting and often dangerous task.

“Our water was not easy to collect,” Faith said. “We could scoop several times to fill a container. People would sometimes crowd and fight for the water, especially during the dry season. It wasn’t an enjoyable activity. Every scoop meant dirty water getting into my container. The tedious act would leave one exhausted even before carrying the water home.”

The unprotected spring was a source of tension in the community. Fights would break out. The physical struggle of fetching water drained Faith’s energy and made it harder for her to focus on school and her future dreams. Worse, the water itself wasn’t even safe to drink, making illness a constant fear.

But then, everything changed.

Last year, we installed a protected water source in Faith’s community. And the new safe, reliable water source brought peace, security, and mental freedom into Faith’s life.

“I no longer worry about safety when fetching water because I know people will not fight at the waterpoint again. No elderly person or young child will trip and fall due to poor terrain or lack of stairs. We all can access water easily and safely.”

Now, Faith enjoys a simple joy she never thought possible: walking up to a clean water source, filling her container quickly, and moving on with her day without fear or exhaustion.

“Right now, it’s so easy to fetch water. I enjoy walking into a clean spring that has fresh and safe water flowing freely.”

With her mental energy no longer consumed by the stress of water collection, Faith is now focused on her education and her future. She dreams of attending university and returning to her community to empower young girls by ensuring they have the resources they need to thrive.

“Living with clean water can see communities living in harmony and peace. I have seen this water point bring peace and love between our community and the neighboring communities. When the water was dirty and scarce, we used to fight over it, but now it’s clean and safe and readily available, so we live in peace. Clean water is peace!”

The Mental Relief of Clean Water

For Musyimi, water means peace.

For Jane, water means purpose.

For Faith, water means security and hope.

This Random Acts of Kindness Day, let’s remember that clean water is one of the greatest kindnesses we can offer our fellow humans. It is a gift that restores health, eases burdens, and brings hope to those who need it most.

If you’re thinking of offering your own act of kindness today, please consider donating to help bring clean water to Musyimi, Jane, or hundreds of others waiting for their chance at safe, reliable water through The Water Project.

The post Random Acts of Kindness Day: The Psychological Benefits of Clean Water first appeared on The Water Project.

Because a lack of water isn’t just an inconvenience. It isn’t just a dry tap. It’s a boy missing school because of a painful injury. It’s a new mother worrying about washing her baby’s clothes instead of resting after childbirth. It’s students, healthcare workers, and entire communities being put at risk in ways many of us never have to think about.

Jackie and Olivia recently visited Khaunga Primary School and Khaunga Health Center, where they met Duncan and Vivian. Their stories, in Jackie and Olivia’s own words, capture both the heartbreak and the urgency of the need for clean, safe water.

It Is Painful to Lack Water

By Jacklyne Chelagat

My visit to Khaunga Primary School was a sad one. The discussion we had with the head teacher while at the school took us to the grade nine class. Upon arriving, I saw one Duncan sitting down with crutches. He could not stand and greet us like the other pupils. Duncan was in so much pain. Duncan’s pain was a result of having one of his legs injured with a major fracture.

Education is not only a basic need, but also a right that every child should have in order to be successful in life. Parents work hard to ensure their children’s school fees are paid so their young ones can be in school and learning. Teachers, on the other hand, ensure that they impart knowledge, relevant skills, and attitudes. It is the responsibility of the student to work hard and to utilize every opportunity to be a responsible person in the community. But this can only be achieved in an environment that is conducive for learning, and only if the student is healthy.

In Khaunga Primary School, Duncan, alongside other students, was sent to go and fetch water from a spring that is approximately two kilometers from school. On his way to the spring, he fell down and broke his leg. It was painful and even right now, he is still in so much pain. He was forced to use improvised wooden crutches to assist him in walking. Also, his parents were compelled to hire a motorcycle taxi so that it could bring him to school and back. It is expensive for Duncan’s family, but again, they have no choice: Duncan needs to be in school and learning. 

The thought of such a young boy whose education and future prospects are in jeopardy just because he was sent to fetch water one day is sad and devastating. Can he really concentrate in class? Will he pass his exams? Will he be able to achieve his dreams? It is sad and devastating. 

When I saw this situation, as a mother, I was heartbroken. I felt as if Duncan was my son. I wondered: where I would get the strength to go to school and pick up my son who had just broken his leg when he was going to fetch water for school use? He left in the morning running to school, and now he is supposed to be carried!

Shall we wait for another student to break his leg in search of water? 

The Sad Things That People Go Through

By Olivia Bomji

Health facilities here in Western Kenya go through challenges due to lack of water. The doctors, nurses and the patients are all affected in different ways. Health care practitioners do face a lot of challenges when delivering services to the patients. 

I remember the doctor at Khaunga Health Center telling me about his feelings of sadness and anxiety trying to care for the patients without water. This makes the healthcare workers’ jobs very stressful.

Our visit to the health center was a sad one because the facility doesn’t have water. Many patients were being attended to, and I could attest that, indeed, the doctors were so uncomfortable attending to their patients. One nurse said she always cringes when interacting with her patients, especially the babies and expectant mothers, without washing hands in between, but she knows there is nothing to be done. Her hope and prayer is that none of her patients goes home with other infections from the hospital. 

My visit to the maternity wing was very uncomfortable because of the offensive smell within the ward. We met a young girl called Vivian who is only 17 years old: a baby having a baby. Vivian had given birth to a bouncing baby boy. To Vivian and her mother, they were thankful to God for receiving a bundle of joy, but on the other hand, they were staying in a hospital that had no water. 

Vivian’s mother, Alice, had to ensure that the baby’s and Vivian’s clothes were washed because they were soiled and bloody, but the major issue was the lack of water in the facility. Alice was forced to carry the baby’s clothes back home to wash, and after the clothes were dry, she brought them back to the hospital. Alice complained of the distance from the facility to her home and the money she was spending to pay the motorbike for transport every day being so expensive. 

Alice was also so worried about leaving Vivian alone with the baby at the hospital while she went home to wash the clothes. This was a lot of work for Alice, who was supposed to take care of both Vivian and the baby. Her hope was that Vivian would be discharged from the facility soon.

As a mother, I was so sad to see Vivian in such a kind of environment. Every mother in any maternity hospital needs water, because during that period the baby’s clothes have to be washed, and the mothers have to take baths and take good care of themselves and their babies. But it was quite the opposite at Khaunga Health Center because, instead of a mother taking care of herself and the baby, they are thinking about where they will get water to wash clothes and even take baths. 

No mother should have to worry about water when she should be caring for her newborn. I left Khaunga Health Center with a prayer in my heart — that soon, this place would have the water it so desperately needs to keep its patients healthy.

Bringing Water, Changing Lives

Khaunga Primary School’s new borehole well is already under construction. Soon, students like Duncan won’t have to leave their classrooms to fetch water, risking injury along the way. But at Khaunga Health Center, patients and mothers like Vivian are still waiting.

A new borehole well at Khaunga Health Center will mean safety, dignity, and health for every mother who delivers her baby there, for every nurse trying to keep patients from getting infections, for every family walking through its doors.

Let’s bring clean water to Khaunga Health Center — because no mother, no student, no doctor should suffer through water scarcity.

The post Stories from the Front Lines: Lacking Water is Painful first appeared on The Water Project.

Upon beginning The Water Project, our founder, Peter, worked with a group of kids in New Brunswick, Canada, to fundraise for clean water. Since then, so many smart and resourceful kids have held bake sales, undertaken Water Challenges, and much more in the name of spreading safe water through The Water Project.

But children aren’t the only ones asking questions about water scarcity. Students, educators, and professionals often want to understand the deeper causes of the crisis and explore how policies, climate change, and economic factors shape water access worldwide. Whether you’re explaining the issue to a young child, discussing it in a classroom, or considering it from a global policy perspective, understanding the water crisis at different levels helps us all become better advocates for change.

Through this article, we hope to equip everyone — from children to experts — with the knowledge to engage in meaningful conversations about water access and solutions.

1. Kid Level (Age 5) – Water is Life

Water isn’t just for drinking — it keeps us clean, healthy, and safe.

Some people don’t have clean water to drink or wash their hands. Instead, they have to walk for a long time to find water, and sometimes it makes them sick. That’s not fair! 

Imagine if you were really thirsty, but there was no water in the house. Now imagine you had to walk a really long way to find water. And when you got there, the water was dirty. 

We need to help so everyone in the world can have clean water close to home.

Questions Kids Might Ask & Suggested Answers:

Q: Why don’t they just drink juice or milk instead?
A: Juice and milk come from water, too! Without water, there would be nothing to drink at all.

Q: Why can’t they just clean the water?
A: Cleaning water takes special tools and machines that many places don’t have. That’s why we work to help them get clean water closer to home.

Q: Why doesn’t someone just bring them water?
A: Bringing water every day would be really hard and wouldn’t fix the problem. It’s better to help build wells and water systems so they always have water nearby.

2. Elementary Level (Age 10) – The Daily Struggle for Water

Some people don’t have water near their homes. Instead, they have to walk for hours every day to find it. And when they do, the water can be full of germs that make them sick. Many diseases come from drinking unsafe water. 

When people have to spend hours finding water, they can’t do other important things like working, going to school, doing homework, or playing. Some children spend so much time fetching water that they miss school altogether. 

Organizations like The Water Project build wells, rainwater tanks, and other clean water systems so people don’t have to walk so far or drink unsafe water.

Questions Kids Might Ask & Suggested Answers:

Q: Why don’t they just move somewhere with water?
A: Moving isn’t easy. Their families may have lived in these areas for generations, and they may not have the money or opportunity to leave.

Q: Why do some places have water and others don’t?
A: Water is not spread evenly across the world. Some places have lakes and rivers, while others are very dry and don’t get much rain. Also, some countries have more money than others, and getting to the water can cost a lot. So some people live in dry areas and are able to get water from underground or other places because they have more money, but other countries can’t afford to do that.

Q: Can’t they just use rainwater?
A: Rainwater can help, but in dry areas, it doesn’t rain all the time. In some places, it only rains during half of the months of each year! People need a way to collect and store rainwater for when it doesn’t rain.

3. High School Level (Teenager) – Why Does the Water Crisis Exist?

Not all water scarcity looks the same. 

Some places experience physical water scarcity, meaning there simply isn’t enough water available. This often happens in desert regions or areas with long dry seasons where lakes and rivers dry up. People in these areas may have no choice but to walk long distances to find any water at all. 

Other places experience economic water scarcity, where water technically exists, but people cannot access it due to a lack of infrastructure, high costs, or mismanagement. For example, a country may have underground water or nearby rivers, but if there are no wells, pipes, or treatment facilities, people still can’t get safe water.

There are several major causes of this crisis. Climate change leads to unpredictable weather, increasing the risk of droughts and floods, and making water sources less reliable. Many places also lack the infrastructure — pipes, wells, and treatment systems — that would ensure safe water access. Even when water is available, it can be expensive, making it unaffordable for the poorest communities. 

In some cases, government mismanagement or corruption means that funds meant for clean water projects don’t reach the communities that need them most. This makes it even harder for people in rural and low-income areas to get the help they need.

Tough Questions Teenagers Might Ask & Suggested Answers:

Q: If other countries have plenty of water, why can’t we just send it to places that need it?
A: Transporting water long distances is expensive and impractical. Instead of shipping water, it’s more effective to help communities develop sustainable water sources locally.

Q: If people know the water is dirty, why do they drink it?
A: Because they have no other choice. When the only available water is contaminated, people drink it to survive, even if it makes them sick. In the places where The Water Project works in Africa, people often don’t have appliances like stoves or even electricity, so boiling the water to kill its bacteria isn’t always practical, especially when people have to travel farther and farther away from home for firewood. 

Q: Why don’t governments fix this problem?
A: Some governments don’t have the money or infrastructure to provide clean water, while others may not prioritize it. That’s why organizations and local communities work together to create sustainable solutions.

4. College Level – The Global Impact of Water Scarcity

Water scarcity is a global humanitarian crisis affecting health, education, gender equality, and economic stability. When communities lack access to water, health systems become overburdened by preventable diseases, and children — especially girls — miss school because they must spend hours fetching water. 

Without reliable water access, families struggle to grow food, businesses cannot operate efficiently, and entire economies suffer. In some regions, competition for limited water resources can even lead to tensions and conflict.

While environmental and economic factors are major drivers of water scarcity, governance challenges can also slow progress. Limited infrastructure funding, inefficient management, and competing priorities make it difficult to provide equitable access to water. Strengthening local leadership and driving community-driven solutions helps ensure water resources are managed effectively and sustainably.

The water crisis isn’t just about individuals — it affects economies, education, and global stability.

5. Expert Level – Policy, Governance, and Sustainable Solutions

Solving the water crisis requires addressing its underlying governance, policy, and sustainability challenges. 

Many countries struggle to manage water resources effectively due to weak policies, a lack of funding, and competing priorities. In some areas, water infrastructure is inadequate or poorly maintained, leading to persistent water shortages and contamination issues. Ensuring equitable water distribution requires strong institutions, transparent governance, and investment in sustainable water management systems.

One of the most effective approaches to long-term water security is community-led water management, where local residents take ownership of their water systems. The Water Project supports self-help groups (SHGs) in Southeast Kenya and Uganda, where community members organize themselves to manage and maintain their own water resources. 

These groups take responsibility for collecting small contributions to fund repairs, overseeing water usage, and advocating for further infrastructure improvements. By placing decision-making power in the hands of those directly affected, these models create lasting change, ensuring that water access is not dependent on external aid alone.

Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) complements these grassroots efforts by promoting the coordinated development of water, land, and resources to maximize social and economic benefits while preserving ecosystems. Decentralized water systems allow communities to maintain and oversee their own water supplies, reducing reliance on distant authorities or unsustainable infrastructure projects. 

Additionally, transboundary cooperation between nations sharing water sources helps mitigate conflicts and ensures fair distribution.

Climate adaptation strategies are becoming increasingly necessary as water availability fluctuates due to changing weather patterns. Investing in technologies such as rainwater harvesting and solar-powered pumps helps communities become more resilient to droughts and water stress. 

The key to sustainable solutions lies in community involvement, ongoing monitoring, and adaptive policies that prioritize water as a human right rather than a commodity.

Conclusion: The Water Crisis is Solvable

From the simplest explanation to the most complex, one thing remains clear: the water crisis is real, and it’s solvable.

How You (and Your Kids!) Can Help:

• Donate – Help fund sustainable water solutions.
• Share – Raise awareness about the global water crisis using our ready-made social media graphics.
• Start a fundraising page — Our tools make it easy for you to use your newfound knowledge to spread awareness and action to help solve the water crisis. You probably have so many kind and generous people within your network — ask them for help!

The post The Water Crisis, Explained at Five Levels first appeared on The Water Project.

Well, the obvious reason is that World Wetlands Day is observed annually today, February 2nd. But that’s only part of the reason.

The other part is that wetlands are absolutely critical for maintaining sustainable water supplies for humanity. 

Wetlands naturally filter water by trapping sediment, absorbing excess nutrients, breaking down contaminants, and removing toxins. They help provide people with clean drinking water, reduce disease, support agriculture, and prevent flooding, benefiting both people and ecosystems.

And why do they need protecting? Although wetlands are some of the most vital ecosystems on our planet, they remain among the most threatened. 

Whether you’re reading this from a place where wetlands shape your local landscape or from a region far removed, everyone shares the responsibility to protect wetlands in order to keep our planet’s water cycle running as it should.

What Are Wetlands?

Wetlands are ecosystems where the land is saturated with water, either permanently or seasonally. This creates a unique environment that supports diverse plant and animal life adapted to wet conditions. 

Scholars and ecologists generally recognize two types of wetlands: coastal or tidal and inland or non-tidal. But beyond these two categories, wetlands are quite varied. They can be made from freshwater, saltwater, or brackish water. They also include marshes, swamps, bogs, fens, and mangrove forests.

Wetlands are found worldwide, from coastal estuaries and floodplains to inland river basins and high-altitude peatlands. Major wetland regions include the Everglades in the U.S., the Okavango Delta in Botswana, the Amazon River floodplains, and the Sudd in South Sudan. 

The Value of Wetlands: Nature’s Multitaskers

Wetlands are often referred to as “nature’s kidneys” for their unparalleled ability to filter and purify water. They absorb pollutants, excess nutrients, and sediments, ensuring cleaner water downstream. 

In addition to their filtration properties, wetlands also act as natural sponges, absorbing excess rainwater and reducing the risk of floods. This is especially important in regions experiencing increasing climate variability and extreme weather events — like sub-Saharan Africa, where The Water Project works. Western Kenya, in particular, experienced such extreme flooding last year that schools and businesses had to shut down.

Another function of wetlands is that by holding and slowly releasing water, they help replenish underground aquifers. This is good for Earth in multiple ways: it helps prevent the over-extraction of water, the formation of sinkholes and fissures, and a lack of water during dry seasons or droughts.

Wetlands also provide a habitat for countless species of plants, birds, fish, and other wildlife. Many of these species are not found anywhere else in the world.

One type of wetland called peatland is particularly important to Earth’s balance of carbon and carbon dioxide, as well. 

“Peatlands store up to 30% of the world’s terrestrial carbon (C) despite occupying just 3% of the terrestrial land surface; they also represent a huge source of carbon that is at risk of being released by runaway climate change at current rates of warming. They therefore play a critical role in the global carbon cycle.”

— Minnesota Board of Water and Soil Resources

Aside from their natural and ecological purposes, wetlands also support human activities like agriculture, fisheries, and tourism, offering vital resources and livelihoods for people worldwide.

The Threats to Wetlands

Despite their importance, wetlands are disappearing at an alarming rate. We are losing wetlands three times faster than forests. 64% of the world’s wetlands have been lost since 1900.

The reasons for this loss are:

• Drainage for agriculture. Wetlands are often drained to make way for crop cultivation, disrupting their natural functions and leading to loss of biodiversity.
• Urban development. Expanding cities encroach on wetland areas, replacing vital ecosystems with impermeable surfaces that exacerbate flooding.
• Pollution. Agricultural runoff, industrial waste, and untreated sewage pollute wetlands, reducing their capacity to filter water and support wildlife.
• Climate change. Rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns threaten the balance of wetland ecosystems, drying out some areas while inundating others.

Limited resources and governance challenges compound these threats in The Water Project’s service areas. Degraded wetlands in sub-Saharan Africa often lead to reduced water availability.

While wetlands are globally significant, they take on an equally vital role in some of our service regions, such as Western Kenya and Sierra Leone. In these areas, wetlands provide critical ecosystem services that align closely with the organization’s mission to ensure safe and sustainable access to water.

For example, the Yala River Basin in Western Kenya is home to extensive wetland systems that not only filter water but also supply local communities with water for domestic use and agriculture. 

And in Sierra Leone, chiefdoms like Kaffu Bullom and Lokomasama host wetlands that protect coastal areas, support rice farming, and sustain fisheries. The health of these wetlands directly impacts the livelihoods and food security of surrounding communities. 

Protecting Wetlands Locally and Globally

Local Actions

• Educating your community about the value of wetlands and involving them in conservation efforts can lead to more sustainable management practices. Visit WorldWetlandsDay.org for a library of social media shareables ready for your use.
• Promoting farming methods that minimize wetland drainage and pollution. If you have a farmer in your life, refer them to the United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service website.
• Planting native trees around wetlands can stabilize soil, prevent erosion, and enhance water retention. Many regional wetlands and conservation-minded associations will host events for the public to come help in wetlands conservation efforts — a simple web search of your area should turn up some local events!

Global Advocacy

• Governments must enforce laws protecting wetlands. You can contact your local representatives to advocate for stronger wetland protections.
• Donating to organizations that work to protect and restore wetlands ensures that these efforts are adequately resourced. Groups like Wetlands International provide ways to contribute directly.

A Shared Responsibility

By protecting wetlands, we safeguard the health of our planet and the well-being of future generations. Whether through advocacy, education, or direct support, everyone has a role to play in preserving these irreplaceable ecosystems.

As The Water Project continues its mission to provide access to clean water, it also relies on the strength and resilience of natural systems like wetlands. Together, we can ensure a future where wetlands and the communities they support continue to flourish.

The post World Wetlands Day: Why This Vanishing Ecosystem is Vital to Clean Water first appeared on The Water Project.

The Planning Phase

We piloted our current process in Western Kenya, where mapping and vetting were carried out as two separate steps. Those methods have since evolved into one comprehensive data collection effort: waterpoint mapping and vetting, or WPMV.

We first implemented this new combined system in Sierra Leone in 2023 as a multi-part vetting system, shown in the figure below. 

First, we assess the level of need at the community level, then move on to every school and healthcare facility within that community. Once the needs assessment is complete, we map and assess all public water sources already accessible to the community, schools, and healthcare facilities.

In Uganda, Sierra Leone, and Western Kenya, WPMV plays a large role in siting proposed water projects, and community leaders engage with WPMV enumerators from the outset of the process to assess the level of need and help identify the community’s existing water sources. 

WPMV provides a baseline of information on where existing water sources are located, which helps us assess who in the community has sufficient access and who lacks it. It also highlights the current state of water sources that don’t meet our standards for safety and reliability but might be viable for protection, rehabilitation, or adoption.

When vetting a new water source, we evaluate several factors. First, we assess its current state, including its functionality, yield, and environment. A technical assessment of any existing infrastructure helps us identify issues that may make the source vulnerable to contamination or breakdown.

Next, we test the water yield — how much water the source produces. For rain-dependent sources, such as springs, we test during the dry season when water flow is at its lowest. Finally, we conduct a sanitary inspection of the waterpoint’s surroundings to identify possible sources of contamination, such as nearby latrines or farms using fertilizer. If a contamination risk can be removed or mitigated, we work closely with the community to address it before implementing the project. In cases where contamination risks are immovable or difficult to remediate, we may choose an alternate project site within the community.

WPMV provides a wealth of data on existing water coverage, areas needing new sources, and opportunities for improving or rehabilitating current sources. Surveys conducted in our waterpoint management software, mWater, allow data to be visualized and shared in real time as it is submitted. By assessing communities, schools, healthcare facilities, and water sources simultaneously, The Water Project creates a linked database where users can view every institution and water source in a community with just a click.

Regional Differences in Planning

In Southeast Kenya, where we haven’t yet conducted WPMV activities, our planning process is different. Projects in this region are prioritized based on community demand. Since constructing sand dams requires significant community participation, strong demand and engagement are the first prerequisites for a project.

In this region, we prioritize projects on a “first come, first served” basis, with communities receiving support in the order their requests were made. Siting for sand dams and dug wells is then determined by geography and the local knowledge of community members, who often know best where infrastructure will be most accessible.

An Extra Step for Borehole Wells

Hydrogeological surveys are an important part of planning for borehole wells, especially for deep boreholes. 

In Western Kenya, the government requires that all planned borehole wells have an environmental impact report and hydrogeological survey conducted by an accredited hydrogeologist and submitted for approval. Because the site has to be pre-approved by the government before drilling begins, this process often begins months before the drilling. The Water Project is lucky enough to have an accredited hydrogeologist on staff in Western Kenya, who coordinates with the government and guides us in our effort to access precious groundwater resources responsibly. 

In Uganda, hydrogeological surveys are conducted at the time of drilling. The drillers conduct the survey and use it as a tool for borehole well siting, ensuring that groundwater is available before the drilling process begins. 

In Sierra Leone, our local team uses their own equipment for the surveys in order to reduce the frequency of failed drills in this region. Though the government does not require pre-approval of hydrogeological surveys, the Port Loko District is a geologically complex area that can be tricky for drilling, and a positive result from the hydrogeological survey improves the likelihood of success.

Community Engagement (at Every Stage!)

Once a community is selected for a new water project, extensive community engagement begins. This engagement begins months and sometimes even years before a system is built, and can give our staff critical insight into planning considerations. 

While our local teams use WPMV as a jumping-off point, they also engage deeply with communities to ensure that the water sources will meet community needs. Because WPMV provides only empirical data, we also take into account the community’s preferred water source, land ownership concerns, social dynamics within the community, and the environmental factors that determine which source type will be possible. This is also when the community can express what they really need, and our teams spend time learning about current water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices and their preferred solutions.

In some cases, a community may have been using their preferred water source for generations. The source is already in use and is preferred by the community, but doesn’t meet The Water Project standards of safety and reliability; our intervention improves the existing source to ensure that it is well-constructed and protected from contamination. This is often the case for spring protections in Western Kenya or the conversion of dug wells in Sierra Leone. 

Sometimes, the opposite is true – perhaps the community has been using the same spring for many years, but knows it to be contaminated. In this case, they may request an entirely new source in order to leave the old one behind. The community’s knowledge and preferences thereby inform the project planning. 

In the most dire cases, a community might be entirely lacking water access and have no existing water sources. For these communities, The Water Project’s options are obviously more limited – there are no springs to protect, shallow wells to convert, or hand pumps to rehabilitate. In this case, a borehole well is typically the best option.

But in every case, TWP and each of our partners take community demand very seriously as we plan and prioritize projects. The relationships and trust we build with the communities we serve are a huge part of what we do, and we strive to closely consider the needs of anyone asking for help. In fact, communities within our focus areas that reach out to express their need for water are often prioritized even above the areas identified as “in need” during WPMV. The act of requesting support shows the kind of community ownership and organization that often makes a project even more successful long-term.

The Construction Phase

With a solid foundation of community engagement and education, we move forward with the physical implementation. Whether it’s drilling a well, constructing a sand dam, or installing a rainwater catchment system, our team of experts ensures that the chosen solution is implemented with the highest standards of quality and efficiency.

In many cases, we ask the community, school, or health center to contribute locally available construction materials like sand and stone to a project’s construction. This helps speed up the construction process and promotes community buy-in and ownership. If people are involved in a project’s construction, they may also be better able to identify issues with a water source once it’s completed.

Borehole Wells

For borehole wells, our construction process varies across regions. For instance, some of our work areas – like Western Kenya – have hard bedrock beneath the ground’s surface, which makes drilling take longer. 

But no matter the installation location, the surrounding community members are instrumental to each well’s success. To prepare, they collect fine sand and water for cement-making. Then, once the materials are gathered, our drill team and staff arrive to begin work. A well-drilling process can take days to complete, so the drill team sets up a camp where they can rest and refuel. Community members provide meals for the team and a safe place for the artisans’ accommodations and materials. Depending on the region, the drill team may be contractors or our own local team members.

While drilling, the team drives down a temporary casing to keep well walls from collapsing as the rig progresses. Once we reach the required depth, the team replaces the temporary casing with a permanent version, then bails the dirty water from the bottom of the well. We install permanent pipes, flush them, test the well’s yield, and chlorinate the water.

The team then constructs a cement well pad to seal off the well from any ground-level contaminants and installs tiles beneath the spout to protect the cement from the water’s erosive force. 

We also include a short drainage channel and a soak pit to carry spilled water away from the pump and prevent standing water. When the well pad is dry, we install stainless steel hand pumps and conduct a quality test.

Rainwater Catchment/Harvesting Tanks

Because Southeast Kenya is a semi-arid region with unpredictable and low rainfall, we install high-capacity (104,000-liter!) rainwater harvesting systems at schools there. Rainwater harvesting systems capture and store rainwater for use during dry periods. 

When embarking on installing a water tank, we first hold a meeting with all parents and the school’s headteacher to plan the project. The parents agree to collect construction materials like sand, rocks, and water. We complement their materials by delivering the expertise, tools, lumber, metal, cement, and a gutter system.

Construction for these large rain tanks is much like constructing a concrete house. First, we level the ground for foundation excavation. Next, we lay alternating layers of rocks and mortar up to seven feet high for the tank’s outer walls. With such sturdy construction (the walls are three feet thick!), the tank will stand for a long time.

To add integrity to the thick walls, we plaster them inside and out with waterproof cement and install guttering that flows into the tank. We also build a reinforced concrete column in the tank’s center to support the roof and prevent it from caving in. Finally, we install the tank’s roof, made of iron sheets and timber with vents to allow rainwater to enter from the gutters.

Sometimes, a rain tank can take several months to fill up and serve a school to its fullest extent. But once there’s water in the tank, we return to test the water and ensure its safety.

Sand Dams 

Sand dams are also an ideal water solution for the semi-arid region of Southeast Kenya, capturing and storing water from seasonal rivers to ensure it’s available during the long, dry months.

Constructing these large-scale water features requires significant effort from the community, however, as they must gather substantial amounts of materials like rocks and sand to build the dam. This process takes longer than the actual construction, lasting up to four months for a large sand dam. Community members also dedicate their time to supporting our artisans with tremendous physical labor.

While the material is being collected, our team draws up siting and technical designs and presents them to Kenya’s Water Resources Management Authority. We then send a survey to the National Environment Management Authority for approval before beginning construction. 

Once the plans are approved, we establish a firm bedrock base for the sand dam wall. Usually, this requires the community to dig all the way down to the bedrock beneath the river channel. In the absence of good bedrock, we excavate to a depth at which the ground is compact enough to stop seepage.

Next, we heap mortar (a mixture of sand, cement, and water) into the foundation, followed by rocks. We then use barbed wire and rebar to reinforce the mixture.

Once the foundation is complete, we build a timber skeleton to hold the structure above ground level. We repeat this process until we reach a sufficient height, width, and length. 

Finally, we dismantle the timber beams and leave the dam to cure. 

When the rains come, sand and silt will build up behind the dam wall. This reservoir of sand acts as a giant natural filter, and allows rainwater to seep into the ground and raise the water table. With this water, the surrounding landscape will become lush and fertile, and a nearby shallow well will provide drinking water to the community. 

It could take up to three years of rain for each sand dam to reach maximum capacity. Once a sand dam matures, however, there is no equal for providing water to communities and landscapes in semi-arid regions!

Shallow Wells

Since sand dams hold water near the surface of the Earth, a borehole well – which is drilled through many layers of ground beneath our feet – wouldn’t work well next to a sand dam. We subsequently dig shallow (hand-dug) wells adjacent to sand dams in Southeast Kenya. 

For hand-dug wells, the aim is to dig until we reach the hard bedrock beneath the layers of soil, sand, and clay. That way, not only is the foundation of the well stable, but the well is better positioned to catch water that flows downstream and into a sand dam’s reservoir — which will also be strategically positioned right on top of the neighboring bedrock. The upstream side will fill with sand and retain water to feed the new well.

We may deliver the experts, the materials, and the tools, but the community does an extraordinary amount of work, too. They collect supplemental materials locally, including sand, stones, and water. 

First, we excavate a hole seven feet in diameter and 25 feet deep. We construct the well lining using brick and mortar with perforations that allow water to seep through. Sand will ultimately build up around the walls, which will filter the water stored behind the dam.

Once the well walls and lining are complete, we lay a precast concrete slab on top and join it to the wall using mortar. The concrete dries for two weeks before we install a hand pump. After installing the pump, we give the well another few days to dry. 

Protected Springs

In Western Kenya, natural water sources like springs are plentiful. We take advantage of this natural bounty to protect springs and make the water safer for humans to drink. 

Community members gather materials like bricks, sand, and stones, while The Water Project provides additional supplies, such as cement and hardware.

To start, we excavate the spring area and dig drainage channels to divert surface contaminants. 

A base is established with thick plastic, wire, and concrete to prevent seepage. Brick walls are built to protect the spring, with a discharge pipe positioned to allow clean water to flow while avoiding cross-contamination.

Once construction is complete, stones and tiles are added to prevent erosion, and fencing is installed to protect the area from wildlife and humans who might compact the carefully constructed filtration layers with foot traffic. The entire process takes about two weeks, leaving the community with a reliable and safe water source for years to come.

Handing Over the Project

Once construction is finished, we help establish a Water User Committee made up of local residents who will oversee and manage the water point. These committee members receive training on the proper use and maintenance of the water system and financial management (so they can collect fees for small repairs and maintenance). This ensures the community has the knowledge and resources to keep the project running independently.

Alongside each water project, we conduct hygiene and sanitation training to help the community maximize the benefits of clean water. These lessons cover handwashing, proper waste disposal, preventing waterborne illnesses, and creating healthier habits.

In some communities, we hold a formal handing-over ceremony or party — like in Sierra Leone, where many community members gather to celebrate the new water point with song and dance. In other service areas, we simply let  community members know that the water point is ready to use. 

Monitoring and Maintenance

Once a project has been completed and handed over to the community, the water point is scheduled for routine quarterly monitoring, which allows for response to issues as they arise. Our field officers complete three in-person visits and one phone-based monitoring call per year. 

Monitoring surveys are completed on smartphones. After a survey is submitted, the data is uploaded to the cloud immediately. We track and report this data on our website, where donors can see results from each project’s most recent monitoring visit in real time. 

This system enables us to diagnose problems quickly following a visit or phone call. When we identify an issue with a water point, such as a breakdown or necessary repair, our software flags the survey and we prioritize a service visit. 

We also perform water quality testing immediately after project installation and then twice per year (biannually) after that. We test each water point both in the wet season and the dry season. We currently test each sample for E. coli, turbidity, pH, total dissolved solids, and electrical conductivity. Water quality data informs program decisions and identifies opportunities for improvement.

Conclusion

Each water project journey is a story of collaboration, resilience, and hope. From the early stages of waterpoint mapping to the final touches of construction and beyond, every step is designed to empower communities, meet their unique needs, and ensure sustainable solutions for years to come.

But the journey doesn’t end when the water starts to flow. Through ongoing monitoring, maintenance, and education, we continue to support communities as they manage their water points, fostering independence and long-term success.

Behind every water project is a network of passionate people — donors like you, dedicated field teams, and resilient communities — working together to transform lives.

The post The Journey of a Water Project first appeared on The Water Project.

As we reflect on 2024, it’s clear that last year was full of remarkable progress, collaboration, and innovation at The Water Project. Each department has contributed meaningfully to advancing our mission of providing reliable, safe water, from forging new partnerships and celebrating key milestones to embracing emerging technologies.

Together, these accomplishments and innovations have brought us closer to our goal of ensuring clean water is accessible, reliable, and transformative for the communities we serve. 

Let’s take a closer look at the incredible strides each team made last year and how they are preparing for an even more impactful 2025.

Spencer Bogle, Program Department:

2024 was an exciting year for the Program department. Here are a few of the highlights:

• Celebrating World Water Day in March with the Governor of Vihiga in Western Kenya and the Ministry of Water. We have a strong partnership with the county government in Vihiga and are able to collaborate toward county development goals through TWP’s work toward complete coverage and reliable service in Hamisi sub-county.
• New memberships in the Millennium Water Alliance, Rural Water Supply Network, and the Stop the Rot Action Group.
• Presentation of our work at the Water, Engineering, and Development Center (WEDC) conference and at the University of North Carolina’s Water and Health Conference.

All of this is due to an incredible alignment among our teams as we work toward complete coverage and uptime of water points. It is always a highlight to see people come together to solve problems so that safe water is accessible and reliable.

Peter Chasse, Innovation and Technology Department:

The new AI era is here, and it’s likely to reshape a lot of how we work.

Already, AI is helping us design and refine our internal tools in ways we simply couldn’t have managed a year ago — previously hindered by budget constraints or lack of technical know-how. From marketing and fundraising to program reporting, AI allows our small team to create tailored, purposeful solutions. They’re more efficient and less complicated than traditional, off-the-shelf software, making them a better fit for our resource-limited environment.

Courtney Feild, Marketing Department:

In 2024, the Marketing Department worked with amazing supporters to bring clean water to more communities in need. 

• The Beta Squad event introduced our work to a fresh, new audience of dedicated supporters. 
• We celebrated Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene holidays like World Water Day and Global Handwashing Day with videos, dances, and awareness-raising emails and social media posts.
• We connected our donors to the people we support in new and exciting ways, like following up with Mawia from 2024’s spring letter to show supporters how impactful their gifts were. 

I’m looking forward to continuing that work in 2025 and sharing the incredible, life-changing stories of the people we serve and the donors who support them. We’re always working to connect people across continents!

Dan Kim, Operations Department: 

2024 focus areas

• Maintaining operational integrity, transparency, and excellence (as demonstrated, for example, through financial audit, IRS 990, compliance)
• Building team culture (with an increasingly distributed team, finding ways to come together and stay connected)

2025 look ahead

• Team care and wellness
• Staff training and development
• Organizational support through an exciting time of transition
• Deeper integration with our Western Kenya team

DeCruz Pulikottil, Philanthropy Department:

2024 was a year of transition for the Philanthropy Team as we had a new Director of Philanthropy. The team was able to continue building great relationships with our many supporters and was extremely pleased with the generosity of all of our donors. In 2025, we will continue to engage with our friends while sharing the needs of the communities we serve and highlighting the great successes of our teams in the field. 

Conclusion

As you can tell, we at The Water Project have been energized by both last year’s achievements and the opportunities that lie ahead. From groundbreaking partnerships and transformative technology use to deepening relationships with our supporters, every step forward has been fueled by a shared commitment to making safe water a lasting reality for everyone we serve.

But none of this is possible without you. Your support is the lifeblood of everything we do. As we head into this new chapter, we invite you to join us in building a future where clean, safe water transforms lives. Whether through a donation, spreading the word, or simply staying engaged, you’re a vital part of this mission.

Together, we can keep building a world where safe water changes everything.

The post How 2024 Propelled The Water Project Toward Greater Impact in 2025 first appeared on The Water Project.

In 2025, we are excited to launch several groundbreaking initiatives that will enhance water access, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) across our service areas. Here’s a glimpse at what’s ahead!

Solar-Powered Water Systems

This year, we will implement our first solar-powered piped water system in Western Kenya. Because we’ve implemented solar projects in Southeast Kenya and Sierra Leone with astounding success, we hope to replicate this success in both Western Kenya and Sierra Leone in 2025.

The Water Project’s vision of complete water coverage includes on-site safe water access at every healthcare facility. This is why we’ve chosen to implement our two 2025 solar projects at such facilities. Safe water, sanitation, and hygiene resources are critical for them to provide safe services like hygienic births that reduce sepsis and infections, and to maintain confidence in health services among the community.

We’re implementing a comprehensive healthcare facility coverage plan aligned with international standards, including:

• Joint Monitoring Programme Basic Standards
• World Health Organization WASH in Healthcare Facilities guidelines (WASH FIT)
• The Clean Clinic Approach

These efforts also require significant collaboration with local ministries of health, water, and environment. To ensure the highest quality interventions, our staff (both in the US and in Africa) is engaged in ongoing training through the Global Water Center and sector experts from the Millennium Water Alliance. Additionally, our partnerships with organizations like Water Mission are helping us perfect solar-powered system designs, maintenance protocols, and community engagement strategies.

These initiatives reflect our commitment to using renewable energy to power sustainable and reliable water systems, transforming lives in healthcare facilities and surrounding communities.

Western Kenya: 

This system will include a high-yield borehole equipped with a submersible pump powered by solar panels. Water will be pumped to two raised tanks serving distinct needs:

• Tank 1: Will supply safe water for drinking, medical use, and handwashing at the healthcare facility.
• Tank 2: Will distribute water to a community kiosk along the facility’s fence, with revenue from affordable water sales funding system maintenance.

We are still working on designating a location for this project. The facility must have enough underground water to fully take advantage of such a high-capacity water supply. We will ultimately select the site by analyzing hydrogeological surveys completed by our Western Kenya staff members.

An in-line chlorination system will ensure water safety and separate latrines for staff and patients will be constructed with local government collaboration. 

Sierra Leone: 

Our second solar-powered piped water system will be installed at the Pepel Health Clinic in Kaffu Bullom, Sierra Leone. 

Two hand-dug boreholes will supply water:

• One borehole will house a solar-powered submersible pump to supply a raised tank for clinic use, including drinking, medical procedures, and sanitation.
• The second borehole will be fitted with a hand pump for patient access.

In partnership with the local government, we will also ensure the septic tanks are pumped, latrines are functional, and sanitation facilities are operational.

Shock Chlorination 

In Uganda, we are piloting shock chlorination to address wells contaminated with E. coli. While we minimize bacterial contamination by constructing our wells far from latrines and farms, pathogens can still contaminate drinking water. Shock chlorination is an innovative way to counteract bacterial contamination when it happens.

“We are testing shock chlorination as a response to wells that show the presence of E. Coli,” explained Uganda Program Officer Tom Murphy. 

“When a test shows a contaminated source, our local teams would shock chlorinate the water, wait a few days, and then re-open the well for community use. Then, they will conduct a follow-up test about two weeks later to ensure that the water is free of contamination. The waiting period is to allow the chlorine to completely dissipate and know for sure if the contamination was resolved entirely.”

In Sierra Leone, a significant shift is underway in our chlorination program. Starting this year, communities will assume financial responsibility for chlorination services, previously funded by The Water Project. 

“In the past, we covered biannual shocks for every water point and communities had to pay if a water point needed additional shocks for water contamination,” Tom explained. “Starting this year, communities will pay for all chlorination. Community members and water user committees were notified late last year and the first round of chlorination will take place from April to June. 

“This is a small but important step towards establishing sustainable water point management systems where the responsibility of upkeep is held by communities, schools, and healthcare facilities,” Tom continued. “Sustainability steps like this free up time and financial resources to provide more water points in other parts of Sierra Leone. The team is working hard with local leaders and community members to establish water points that are fully supported on their own once they are constructed.”

Commitment to Long-Term Impact

Every initiative we’re undertaking in 2025 is designed to address immediate water needs while fostering long-term sustainability. From harnessing solar power to supporting community-led maintenance systems, The Water Project is dedicated to making clean water accessible and reliable for all. With your support, these innovations will bring transformative change to healthcare facilities, schools, and communities across sub-Saharan Africa.

Together, we can create a future where everyone has access to safe, reliable water. Let’s make 2025 a year of impact and progress!

The post Looking Ahead: Key Initiatives and Innovations for 2025 first appeared on The Water Project.

But what if your resolution could change someone’s life entirely? 

For Daniel, a student from Kalimbuli Community, this possibility is a reality thanks to supporters of The Water Project.

Life Before Clean Water: A Daily Struggle

Before clean water was accessible in Daniel’s community of Kalimbuli, daily life was a grueling struggle. Daniel and his peers often missed school to fetch water, which consumed their entire day. 

Like many in Southeast Kenya, Daniel and his family faced water insecurity. Daniel’s family and their neighbors wasted invaluable time collecting water that was often insufficient to meet their needs. The difficult journey sapped their physical and emotional energy, creating roadblocks in all areas of life. 

For Daniel, it lessened his opportunity to attend school regularly and care for the family’s livestock.

“Last year, water was such a big problem for us,” said Daniel. 

“We had to go very far to get it, and even then, the water wasn’t good. My mom used to spend so much money buying it, and it still wasn’t enough for all our needs. Sometimes, we’d run out, and that made life really hard for everyone. Even the goats would not drink water for days, and we couldn’t take good care of them.”

Before we installed new water sources in Kalimbui, families without donkeys to carry water were left with no choice but to haul heavy 20-liter jerrycans themselves. The local water kiosk, the only source available, was open only in the mornings and often had long queues. 

“The distance [to the water point] is very long for me,” said 16-year-old Francisca (Daniel’s neighbor from Kalimbuli). 

“I have been missing school regularly,” Francisca continued. “Last moon, I prepared very early to go and fetch water. Little did I know that the queue [at] the kiosk had prolonged. I waited and waited for my turn. When finally I got the water, it was too late for me to think of going to school. I felt bad missing my dearest teachers and lessons.”

For many families, fetching water was not just exhausting but also demoralizing. 

Josephine Mbiti, a 60-year-old farmer, shared how she often had to borrow a donkey to transport water, paying two jerrycans of water in return. 

“The water situation in my area gives me a headache,” Josephine said. “At times, when I don’t get a borrowed donkey, I have to carry the water using my back. I am forced to buy water most of the time.”

Even worse, the kiosk’s water was salty and unsafe, often causing bloated stomachs (a potential side effect of parasite infestation) for those who couldn’t afford the time, firewood, or energy to boil it. 

This unreliable and unsafe water source not only affected health, but also prevented families from irrigating crops, leading to failed harvests and financial strain.

Dreaming Big: Daniel’s Aspirations

Today, Daniel’s story is different. Thanks to the generosity of monthly donors who fund ongoing monitoring and repair work, the water point in Kalimbuli Community is functioning reliably. 

Access to clean, safe water has transformed Daniel’s life. Now, instead of spending hours fetching water, he has time to study and excel in school.

“This waterpoint is very close to my home, and I can easily come and fetch fresh water to drink whenever I feel thirsty!” Daniel shared. “Clean water has made everything better. My mom doesn’t have to spend so much money, and we always have enough for drinking, cooking, and even washing. It tastes so nice, and it feels good to know it’s safe. Our goats are also healthier because they get enough water.

“I’ve been doing so much better in school! Before, I used to miss classes because I was tired from helping fetch water. Now I can focus on my studies, and my teachers say I’m improving. I even have more time to read and do my homework after school,” he continued.

“I use my time to do more things I enjoy,” Daniel continued. “I help take care of the goats, and I also spend more time studying and playing with my friends. Sometimes, I help my mom with her vegetables, and it feels good to be useful at home. I like that I don’t have to spend all my energy on fetching water anymore.”

With newfound time and energy, Daniel can now dream big! 

“I want to be an engineer when I grow up! I want to design and build things that help people, like water systems, roads, or even machines for farming. Seeing this project work so well inspires me, and I hope to bring even more ideas to help my community. With clean water and more time to study, I know I can work hard and make my dream come true,” Daniel exclaimed.

How You Can Transform Lives in 2025

Monthly donors are the backbone of this transformation. Their consistent support ensures that water points like the one in Kalimbuli Community remain operational year after year. They provide the resources needed for regular monitoring, timely repairs, and community training — ensuring that safe water access is not just a one-time event, but a sustainable reality.

As you set your resolutions for 2025, consider making one that saves lives. By becoming a monthly donor, you can ensure that more children like Daniel have the chance to dream, learn, and build a better future by giving back their own ideas and talents — instead of wasting hours each day fetching water. 

Together, we can turn resolutions into realities for communities across sub-Saharan Africa. Join us in making 2025 a year of impact!

The post Resolutions That Save Lives: A Story to Show Why Giving Matters first appeared on The Water Project.

The terms “safe” water and “clean” water are often used interchangeably, creating confusion about what they actually mean. In this article, we’ll dive into the difference.

What is Safe Water?

Safe water may not always look clean. For example, murky water that has been filtered and treated can be safe to drink, while clear water might still be unsafe due to contamination by invisible toxins or microorganisms. 

“Safe is a term we use frequently when we’re talking about drinking water,” said The Water Project Program Manager Emma Kelly. “In fact, Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6.1 calls for universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water.”

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a set of 17 goals created by the United Nations to make the world a better place by 2030. They focus on big challenges like ending poverty, protecting the environment, and improving health, education, and equality. The Water Project works on SDG 6, which focuses on providing safe water and sanitation to everyone everywhere.

“Safe water is defined by the World Health Organization as free from fecal and priority chemical contamination,” Emma continued. “It is drinkable and ‘does not represent any significant risk to health over a lifetime of consumption, including different sensitivities that may occur between life stages.’ Because safe water is a term with a broadly accepted definition in the Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) sector, you will often hear The Water Project define our goals in terms of providing safe and reliable water sources.”

We determine the safety of the water we provide through rigorous quarterly testing and treatment processes and installing chlorine dispensers at every protected spring we build. We also vet each water source before we build anything to ensure there are no pre-existing water quality issues or potential sources of contamination nearby, such as latrines or farmland.

Health Implications of Unsafe Water

Drinking unsafe water can lead to severe health issues, including diarrhea, cholera, and other waterborne or water-related diseases. These issues disproportionately affect children, elderly, and vulnerable populations. Addressing these risks requires ensuring that water sources are not just clean, but tested and treated to be safe.

What Is Clean Water?

“Unlike safe water, there is not a single agreed-upon definition of clean water in the WASH sector,” Emma said. 

“Some people define clean water as water that is free from visible contaminants and odor (LifeWater), while others use clean to describe water that will not harm you when you come into contact with it (Healing Waters International). Because of these minor distinctions, some people choose to combine the terms when talking about their goals, opting to use safe and clean water to describe drinking water that achieves all of these standards – i.e. safe to drink, clear, and odorless.”

Solutions: Making Water Safe and Clean

As Emma said, The Water Project works to provide safe, reliable drinking water to people throughout our service areas. We do this by building systems that protect community water sources and shelter them from outside contamination, which is a drastic improvement over collecting water from natural sources like rivers and springs.

But education and community involvement are also critical for maintaining access to clean, safe water. After all, safe water that is collected in a dirty container, handled using unclean hands, or mixed with unsafe water will inevitably become contaminated.

At The Water Project, we train community members to understand the importance of safe water practices. We show them how diseases can be transferred via water and ways to circumvent these.

These approaches often work best in tandem, addressing both the visible and invisible threats to water quality.

Call to Action

The Water Project works tirelessly to bring safe, reliable water to communities in need. Your support makes this possible. Join us in ensuring that everyone has access to the water they need to thrive!

The post Safe vs. Clean Water: Understanding the Difference first appeared on The Water Project.

But what if your gift could do more? What if it could transform lives, bring health, and offer hope not just for today, but for generations to come? 

This holiday season, the gift of clean water is the best gift you can give.

A Gift That Keeps on Giving

For approximately 403 million people in sub-Saharan Africa, access to clean water is still a dream. Every day, families face the harsh realities of drinking unsafe water, walking hours to fetch it, and living with illnesses caused by contamination. These challenges steal time, opportunity, and hope.

But clean water changes everything. Clean water means children can spend their days in school, not on long walks to distant water sources. It means families are healthier, free from waterborne diseases. It means women can invest their time and energy into building brighter futures for their families.

One example of a gift making a world of difference was for Nduni and her community in Kenya. Before the new sand dam and well, Nduni would walk for hours to fetch water from unreliable, contaminated scoop holes — a task that left her drained and sick. 

“Water was scarce, and the dirty water often made us sick with stomachaches and typhoid,” she shared.

But one year later, thanks to a reliable well and someone’s incredibly generous gift, Nduni’s life has changed. 

“I like that fetching water here is so much easier and faster. The water is clean and safe to drink, so I don’t have to worry about getting sick,” she said.

Having clean water close to home has restored Nduni’s health, saved her time, and allowed her to focus on her farm and her future. 

“I feel stronger and more energized, and I spend less money on medicine,” Nduni said. “The clean water has made such a big difference in my life.”

And Nduni isn’t the only one whose life is unrecognizable thanks to clean water.

Before clean water arrived, Melvin faced long lines at a contaminated spring, wasting hours and missing school. 

“We used to line up with adults, and they would fetch water before us even if they came later,” Melvin recalled. 

Even worse: the dirty water caused frequent illnesses, leaving Melvin and her friends sidelined from community activities.

Now, though, life is different. 

“We have no stress; we are sure of clean water every day,” Melvin said. 

With water close by and safe to drink, Melvin’s health has improved, and she has time to focus on her schoolwork and family. 

“My performance has improved, and I use the time saved to bond with my mum. I am learning a lot from her on how to be a woman of substance.”

Our hope for Melvin is that she grows to take water for granted just like we do. Someday, she may barely remember the days of getting sick and wasting time waiting for water.

Water’s impact extends beyond just individuals. It ripples through entire communities, unlocking opportunities and restoring hope. 

Mwende’s story is another beautiful example of how clean water transforms lives. 

Mwende once spent hours walking to fetch water from contaminated scoop holes, which often caused illness. 

“The previous waterpoints were far away, and I would spend more than an hour fetching water,” Mwende explained.

Now, life is different. Since receiving a new sand dam and shallow well this time last year, she and the Kithalani Community, which has 800 residents, have had clean, reliable water. 

“This waterpoint is very close to my home, and I am able to get clean drinking water for my family. This waterpoint has really helped us, and we are even using the water to irrigate our kitchen gardens at home and the group tree nursery,” said Mwende.

“We no longer walk several kilometers searching for water because this waterpoint is nearby. Fetching water now only takes a few minutes,” Mwende shared. 

With reliable water, Mwende’s family stays healthy, and she has time to focus on improving her livelihood. 

“We can even make bricks for construction and care for our group tree nursery. I want to nurture my own tree nursery to sell seedlings and improve my life.”

Clean water doesn’t just meet immediate needs — it opens the door to opportunity, health, and hope.

Give the Gift of Health and Hope

The holidays are about coming together to make the world a little brighter. This year, let’s give more than we receive. 

A Water Project eGift card is a heartfelt gift that allows your loved ones to choose where they can make an impact. It’s a chance for them to help fund a water project and health and sanitation training — and feel the warmth of knowing they made a difference.

When you give the gift of clean water through The Water Project, you become part of a story that lasts a lifetime. Your generosity funds water projects that serve entire communities. But your impact doesn’t stop at construction. Ongoing training, maintenance, and monitoring ensure that every water project remains reliable and sustainable, year after year.

Clean water strengthens communities and transforms futures. Where water flows, hope grows.

When you choose to give water, you’re building a future where every child has the chance to dream, grow, and thrive. And that, truly, is the best gift of all.

Will you join us in sharing the gift that keeps on giving this holiday season?

The post The Impact of Philanthropy: The Best Gift This Holiday Season first appeared on The Water Project.

Clearly, the document didn’t result in a utopia in which everyone’s rights are promoted and protected. However, even if progress feels interminably slow for those whose real list of rights is painfully short, the UN continues to work toward these goals through its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). And while the UDHR doesn’t explicitly mention water, it does make a powerful case for access to clean water as a human right. As we commemorate Human Rights Day, it’s important to recognize the role water plays in upholding the universal rights to life, health, dignity, and equality.

Water and the Right to a Standard of Living

Water is essential to life itself. Easy access to water sustains health, drives economies, enables education, and empowers women and girls. Without it, many rights outlined in the declaration become unattainable. 

Article 25 of the UDHR declares that everyone has the right to “a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing, and medical care.” 

Water isn’t explicitly mentioned, but it is fundamental to every aspect of this right. Without clean water, there can be no food security, no safe shelter, and no sustainable healthcare.

In sub-Saharan Africa, where The Water Project focuses, many communities lack reliable access to safe drinking water. 

“Over half of the 703 million people without at least basic drinking water live in sub-Saharan Africa.”

— World Health Organization/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme Report

This scarcity directly undermines health and well-being. Women and children often spend hours fetching water, only to return with a supply that is unsafe to drink. Contaminated water spreads diseases like cholera, dysentery, and typhoid, which claim countless lives each year — especially those of young children. 

“Diarrheal disease is the third leading cause of death in children 1–59 months of age. It is both preventable and treatable. Each year, diarrhea kills around 443,832 children under five and an additional 50,851 children aged five to nine years.”

— World Health Organization

These are preventable tragedies that rob parents and children of their right to health and safety.

This vision of adequate living standards is echoed in SDG 6, which calls for “ensuring availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.” 

By improving access to clean water and empowering communities to maintain water sources, we are making meaningful strides toward achieving this goal and fulfilling the promise of Article 25 of the UDHR.

Water and the Right to Life

Article 3 of the UDHR proclaims that “everyone has the right to life, liberty, and security of person.” 

Yet for millions of people, the lack of clean water threatens this most fundamental right. Life cannot exist without water, and yet so many people around the world do not have safe access to it.

When resources like water are scarce, everyone becomes more prone to violence in order to secure their share. Women and children are the ones sent to fetch water in seven out of ten households. It’s no wonder that they tell us they’re scared to make long, arduous journeys to collect water alone.

Climate change further exacerbates challenges in accessing water by intensifying droughts and floods, which disrupt water supplies and threaten livelihoods. While we’re trying to bring water closer to the people we serve, erratic weather patterns seek to drive it farther away.

This underlines the importance of SDG 13: Climate Action, which calls for urgent steps to combat the impacts of climate change. By investing in climate-resilient water solutions, such as sand dams and protected springs, The Water Project is helping to safeguard the rights to life and health against an uncertain future.

Water and the Right to Education

Article 26 of the UDHR states that everyone has the right to education. 

But for millions of children, the daily search for water — among a whole host of other factors —  stand in the way of this right. The search for water can take hours each day, leaving little time or energy for school.

Even when children are able to attend school, the lack of clean water and proper sanitation can disrupt their education. Schools without water points force students to carry water from home, further adding to their burden. Additionally, the absence of safe sanitation facilities disproportionately impacts girls, especially as they reach puberty, causing many to drop out of school entirely.

SDG 4 focuses on “ensuring inclusive and equitable quality education.” Without access to clean water, achieving this goal becomes impossible. When schools are equipped with reliable water sources, children can stay in the classroom, focus on their studies, and build brighter futures. 

By investing in water, we are investing in the right to education for the next generation.

Water and Economic Rights

Article 23 of the UDHR recognizes the right to work and the ability to earn a livelihood. 

But for many, this right remains out of reach due to the lack of clean water. Agriculture, which employs a large portion of the population in rural areas, is heavily dependent on water. Without access to reliable water sources, crops fail, incomes dwindle, and families are unable to break the cycle of poverty.

SDG 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth emphasizes the importance of sustainable economic opportunities. Reliable access to water enables farmers to irrigate crops, entrepreneurs to launch businesses, and entire communities to participate in economic progress. 

Water is not just a necessity — it is a foundation for economic empowerment.

Take Action This Human Rights Day

On this Human Rights Day, as we reflect on the enduring principles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, it’s hard not to feel the weight of how far we still have to go. The UDHR was drafted with the hope of building a world where dignity, equality, and freedom are universal. Yet today, billions of people still lack access to the rights it champions, including the most basic right to clean water.

Realizing that so many communities are still denied what should be fundamental rights is a sobering reminder that the world doesn’t always reflect the ideals we aspire to. But this gap between the world as it is and the world as it should be is precisely why days like this matter — why we must continue working toward a better, fairer future.

Every well we drill, every rain tank we install, and every water point we repair brings us closer to that vision. Every action, no matter how small, pushes us toward a world where water rights are truly human rights. By supporting The Water Project, you can help bridge this gap and create lasting change.

The post Human Rights Day Through the Lens of Water Access first appeared on The Water Project.

At the beginning of 2024, we interviewed sisterpreneurs Isabel and Caroline Bercaw, Da Bomb’s founders, about their company. Now, we’re thanking them for providing a challenge fund to help Evalyn in Museesu Community get clean water. So, instead of another profile on Da Bomb, Isabel and Caroline decided to send us a few questions they’ve always wondered about The Water Project and our work. 

Below are their questions and our responses.

As a bath and body product brand, we’re interested in learning how water and hygiene are linked. How does access to clean water improve hygiene for communities, and what does that mean for the people there?

We humans need water not just for drinking, but also for staying clean. Imagine having to walk for miles just to find enough water for drinking, let alone for bathing. Or, picture being surrounded by surface water sources like rivers or lakes, but getting a rash every time you try to bathe with the unsafe water. Think about trying to wash your hands after using the restroom with water you know is dirty. How clean would you really feel?

Safe water means people can wash their hands regularly, keep their homes and surroundings clean, and prepare food safely. These actions reduce the spread of diseases that come from dirty water or poor hygiene. Once a community has clean water and their rate of water-related infections (hopefully!) reduces, they can switch their focus from finding clean water (because water is an everyday concern) to their work or education or even to developing their surrounding communities.

We know The Water Project is focused on making sure that the projects last and clean water continues to flow. How do you make sure your water projects last a long time? 

To us, broken water projects are the same as broken promises. When one of our water projects stops working for whatever reason, we always work as quickly as possible to fix the issue. But, more than that, we monitor our water projects to prevent breakdowns before they occur. We call to check in with water user committees, visit water points to evaluate their functionality, and test water quality for possible contamination. 

We monitor to keep the community members we serve safe, but also to ensure that every donor’s contribution continues to make a difference for years to come. This valuable work of keeping the water flowing is what we call The Water Promise, overseen by our Monitoring, Evaluation, Resolution, and Learning division. We, and the donors who support The Water Promise, are fiercely dedicated to keeping our water projects working over the long term.

What impact does clean water have on local entrepreneurs in the regions you serve? Are there any projects or success stories that have particularly inspired your team?

One of our favorite stories about an entrepreneur whose business was sparked by access to clean water is Isabella from Western Kenya.

As a mother of four, Isabella wanted to add to her household income to pay for school fees and help put food on the table. But she needed a way to make a living without leaving the home where her small children depended on her. 

The new protected spring yielded extra (clean!) water that no one was using. Isabella started using the surplus water to make small batches of liquid soap and sell them to local businesses. From there, she expanded: she knew other women in her community would jump at the chance to make money for their households from home, so she started selliing soap-making chemicals as well. 

Years passed, during which her little enterprise grew and grew. Finally, she bought land — a tricky thing to do in Western Kenya, where the dense population makes free land scarce and expensive — and built her own building. Now, two of her grown children help her run her thriving shop.

Aside from being a major businesswoman, Isabella also serves as the treasurer of the spring’s water user committee, helping to maintain the protected spring and ensure it remains functional for her children and her children’s children.

Isabella reminds us of something fundamental. For our donors, the completed water project is often the end of the story, the “happily ever after.” But for enterprising individuals like Isabella, clean water is the opportunity they need to start something huge for themselves, their families, and their communities.

Not only are our wonderful friends at DA BOMB Bath Fizzers helping us with a 2X donation match throughout this holiday season, but they’re also giving YOU something special, too! 

Use code DABOMB20 at checkout on their website between now and December 24th for 20% off your purchase! Every Da Bomb bath bomb has a fun surprise inside. Surprises include small toys, charms, figurines, and even casual jewelry.

The post The Clean Water Connection: Da Bomb Bath Fizzer Founders on Hygiene, Empowerment, and Impact first appeared on The Water Project.

Here are a few heartfelt expressions of thanks from people who no longer need to struggle for water.

“Now, with the sand dam project completed, we have a reliable source of clean water right in our community. It’s transformed our lives in ways we never thought possible. We no longer worry about queueing at the scoop [hole] or drinking dirty water. The sense of relief and gratitude is overwhelming.

“This project has been an inspiration to me. I have peace of mind, and I am now doing very well. My farm is very productive, and I am happy about it. The Lord has heard my prayers for sure. Water is life, and with this project, I am assured of life as well as the community at large.

“I am hoping to become the biggest farmer in my county, Makueni. I want to beat all odds and entirely rely on my farm!”

– Titus, Kilia Community, Southeast Kenya

“Since the project was completed, my health has really changed; I no longer get sick because the water is clean and safe. Clean and safe water brings happiness and joy to me. [I] am in [a] position of fetching water anytime I want, without worrying of my safety.

– Brian, Elukuto Community, Western Kenya

“I used to suffer from water-related illnesses, mostly typhoid. Now, it is the opposite. I have been healthy ever since we had this well. The money I used to spend to take treatment is now used to take care of my family.

“I’ve been able to produce more palm oil because of the water. It has helped me to process a large amount of palm oil that has generated income for me and my family. I am thinking of ways I can do other trade so that I will be able to take care of myself and [my] family.”

– Adamsay, Lokoya Community, Sierra Leone

“My performance improved because I no longer delay at the water point in the evening, allowing me time to focus on my school work. I used to travel a considerable distance to fetch water, sometimes making the journey in the evening and returning home at night, which was both unsafe and frightening.

“The water is very clean and easy to access, unlike before. Now, I can wash my clothes every day and consistently take timely baths. I know I will [become a lawyer] since I have enough time to concentrate on my books.”

-Eddy, Kisambo-Kyabakuubi Community, Uganda

Conclusion: Be Thankful, Be Mindful
As we gather this Thanksgiving, let’s honor these voices and remember how precious clean water is. From every glass of water on your table to every pot of food you prepare, let it be a symbol of gratitude for the convenience we enjoy — and a call to action to ensure others can have the same.

Together, we can bring clean water to those who still need it. Let’s celebrate this Thanksgiving not just by giving thanks, but by giving hope.

The post Thankful for Water: Voices from Sub-Saharan Africa first appeared on The Water Project.

The risks of using the bush are unpredictable: she might encounter dangerous wildlife, face harassment, or step into an unsanitary area already contaminated with human waste. The same place where she crouches today might be where her children play, exposing them to preventable but deadly diseases. This mother might not even know that the way she relieves herself could cause her children significant health problems tomorrow.

November 19th was World Toilet Day, inaugurated in 2001 to help address the world’s ongoing sanitation crisis. For 1.5 billion people worldwide, lacking a safe place to go to the bathroom threatens lives. Poor sanitation contaminates local water sources, fuels disease outbreaks, and perpetuates cycles of poverty. 

Sanitation is a cornerstone of public health, yet it often remains taboo, hidden behind closed doors, or avoided in discussions. It’s time to bring this issue to light and take meaningful action to address the global sanitation crisis.

Breaking the Taboo

Conversations about toilets, waste management, and sanitation are often met with discomfort or silence. Reluctance to talk about the issue perpetuates the crisis, leaving billions without access to basic facilities and support. Sanitation is more than just a personal matter — it is a public health priority.

Organizations like The Water Project work to normalize discussions about sanitation by integrating education and advocacy into our community programs. By addressing sanitation openly, we demonstrate that these are not just personal or cultural issues, but global challenges with far-reaching consequences.

Our trainers have witnessed the discomfort around open defecation countless times when they first enter a community to talk about water, hygiene, and sanitation — three topics that are inextricably linked to preventing diarrheal disease. Community members are often shy when discussing their open-defecation practices. 

One recent example was at a primary school. 

Field Officer Jonathan Mutai explained: “Teaching aids were distributed among learners, some [of whom] had gotten pictures [that] depicted bad practices like peeing in the open or open defecation practiced next to the water points. Most of them were shying off from explaining the bad practices seen in the photos. The facilitator asked if such cases had not been witnessed in that community. The teachers confirmed that those were common practices in that area, and they were asked to stop engaging in such behaviors.”

When we break this taboo, we pave the way for awareness and solutions. Open dialogue about sanitation can change lives, ensuring that no one feels ashamed or unsafe when addressing a basic human need.

The Scope of the Crisis

Despite its importance, sanitation remains out of reach for far too many. 

• 419 million people still practice open defecation, leading to the spread of disease, environmental pollution, and severe health risks.
• Poor sanitation is linked to approximately 564,000 deaths annually due to diarrhea, largely caused by contaminated water sources.

These figures highlight the vast and interconnected challenges tied to inadequate sanitation. 

For women and girls, the absence of private, secure facilities often means risking violence or harassment while searching for a safe place to relieve themselves or check menstrual materials. Children are particularly vulnerable, as exposure to contaminated environments contributes to diseases like cholera, typhoid, and dysentery — illnesses that claim young lives at an alarming rate.

These challenges vary by global location. In rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa, where sanitation infrastructure is often nonexistent, people are left with no choice but to defecate in open spaces, further polluting nearby water sources. Meanwhile, urban slums deal with overcrowded communal latrines that are unhygienic and unsafe, compounding the risks for those who use them.

The environmental impact of poor sanitation is equally devastating. Open defecation and untreated waste contaminate rivers, lakes, and groundwater, harming ecosystems and perpetuating the spread of waterborne illnesses. Polluted water sources then cycle back into human consumption, creating a relentless feedback loop of illness and suffering.

The sanitation crisis goes beyond statistics. Each number represents a life interrupted by preventable disease, missed opportunities, and a daily struggle for dignity. Addressing this crisis is essential for building healthier, safer, and more equitable communities worldwide.

Why Sanitation Matters

Addressing the sanitation crisis unlocks new opportunities for healthier, more equitable communities. Improved sanitation directly impacts several critical areas:

1. Health and Hygiene: Poor sanitation contributes to water contamination, leading to diseases like cholera and dysentery and exacerbating stunting and malnutrition.
2. Education: Schools without proper facilities see higher absenteeism, particularly among girls of menstruating age. Safe, private toilets ensure students can focus on learning.
3. Economic Growth: Lost productivity from sanitation-related illnesses and time spent searching for facilities costs billions annually, perpetuating poverty.
4. Environmental Sustainability: Open defecation and untreated waste harm ecosystems. Sanitation solutions help protect water sources and soil.

Community-Centered Solutions

Effective sanitation initiatives are not one-size-fits-all; they must reflect the unique needs and cultural contexts of each community. 

Below are some successful strategies employed worldwide:

1. Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS):

CLTS mobilizes communities to take ownership of sanitation challenges, encouraging behavioral change over subsidies. The Community-Led Total Sanitation approach is used to improve the sanitation and hygiene practices and behaviors of a village. CLTS facilitates a process in which community members realize the negative consequences of their current water, sanitation, and hygiene behaviors and are inspired to take action. 

This is the approach The Water Project uses while working with communities in Sierra Leone, Southeast Kenya, and Uganda. 

2. Eco-Sanitation:

Ecological sanitation, or eco-san, turns human waste into a resource. Composting toilets, for example, safely process waste into fertilizer, benefiting agriculture while addressing sanitation needs. This approach not only improves sanitation but also addresses food security by supporting local farming efforts. 

Eco-sanitation systems are especially useful in regions with limited water access, as they often require little to no water for operation, making them a sustainable solution for rural and arid communities. By turning waste into a resource, eco-sanitation promotes both environmental conservation and community resilience.

3. School-Based Programs:

Every day, our teams encounter schools that do not have enough latrines for students, and in some cases, no latrines at all. Students complain of waiting in long lines because there are not enough toilets. We also hear stories of latrines in such terrible shape – including no doors for privacy – that students go to the bathroom elsewhere. In those cases, that often means in the nearest bushes or walking all the way home.

In Western Kenya, The Water project installs latrines alongside each school water project to provide safe, private places for students to relieve themselves. Gender-segregated toilets and menstrual hygiene education ensure that all students, especially girls, can attend school without fear or embarrassment.

How You Can Help

The global sanitation crisis requires urgent attention, collaboration, and investment. At The Water Project, sanitation is an integral part of our mission. By breaking the taboo and working directly with communities, we help turn this crisis into a story of resilience and progress. While the sanitation crisis can sometimes feel overwhelming, everyone can play a part in addressing it. 

Here’s how you can help:

1. Support Organizations: Donate to groups that provide sanitation infrastructure and hygiene education in underserved regions.
2. Advocate for Change: Use your voice to raise awareness. Share articles, engage on social media, and encourage policymakers to prioritize sanitation in global development agendas.
3. Educate Yourself and Others: Learn about sanitation challenges and spread awareness within your community.
4. Reduce Stigma: Encourage open conversations about sanitation to break down taboos and foster understanding.

Together, we can ensure that access to safe sanitation is not a privilege, but a universal right.

Let’s turn action into impact, one toilet at a time.

The post From Taboo to Action: Addressing the Global Sanitation Crisis first appeared on The Water Project.

For a while, it seemed like the media, celebrities, and even health professionals were all on a “drink more water” crusade. Drinking extra water has been touted as a cure-all for skin issues, cognitive problems, and more. 

But, as in many health claims, the real answer is complicated — and it’s different for every individual. 

Daily water intake recommendations vary by age, sex, pregnancy status, activity level, and breastfeeding status.

CDC

As you may remember from school science class, your body is about 50-60% water, depending on your sex and size. Water is essential to all life on Earth, so it’s no surprise that drinking it is essential for many different body functions. Water helps with:

• Temperature Regulation: Water maintains a stable body temperature by releasing heat through sweating and breathing.
• Joint Lubrication: It keeps joints lubricated, which helps reduce friction and allows for smooth movement.
• Nutrient Transport: Water aids in the transport of nutrients and oxygen to cells, supporting overall cellular health.
• Waste Removal: It is crucial for flushing out waste products through urine, sweat, and bowel movements.
• Digestion: Water is involved in saliva production and helps break down food, aiding in nutrient absorption and digestion.
• Cushioning for Organs: Water provides cushioning and protection for sensitive organs like the brain, spinal cord, and eyes.
• Energy and Focus: Staying hydrated maintains your energy levels and mental focus, as dehydration can lead to fatigue and decreased alertness.

How much water do you really need?

We often talk about factors for water intake like age, body size, and physical activity, but other influences — such as climate, altitude, and even individual health conditions — also play a big role. For example, if you’re in a hot or humid environment, your body loses water more quickly, requiring you to drink more to stay hydrated. High altitudes and dry climates can have similar effects. Certain health conditions might also require or incite more water intake, while others may call for careful moderation.

All these possible variables explain why the often-referenced “eight glasses a day” rule is not universal. 

So, how can you know you’re drinking enough? 

The key is to listen to your body. 

You have receptors that track your blood’s water and sodium levels and tell your kidneys to retain or release fluid based on that balance. Our bodies generally come hardwired to maintain proper hydration levels without conscious effort.

And, contrary to what you may have been taught, any fluid can contribute to your daily hydration, not just water. Drinks like tea, coffee, and juice count, and even certain foods — like watermelon, cucumbers, and soups — contain a high percentage of water. Eating high-water foods is helpful for people who don’t feel thirsty often or those who prefer a little variety.

Aside from feeling thirsty, dehydration can show itself in surprising ways. If you have a busy day and aren’t drinking what you normally would, watch for mild dehydration symptoms like dry mouth, fatigue, headache, muscle cramps, dry skin, confusion, irritability, and increased heart rate. 

However, chronic dehydration can increase the risk of more serious health issues like kidney stones, urinary tract infections, or long-term kidney problems.

Signs of good hydration, on the other hand, are often visible via clear urine, a sense of alertness, and even skin that “bounces back” when pinched. Being aware of these signs can help you know when your hydration level is on track.

Practical Tips for Staying Hydrated

For those looking to improve their daily hydration, small steps can make a big difference. Try keeping a reusable water bottle with you throughout the day, sipping a glass of water with every meal (rather than chugging an entire glass all at once, which can lead to much of the liquid passing straight through your body without being absorbed), or incorporating water-rich foods into your diet. These tips can help you stay hydrated without feeling overwhelmed by a specific daily goal.

When Access to Water Isn’t Easy

But what about when access to water isn’t as simple as reaching for a glass?

If reading this article made you reach for some water yourself (as it did for me while writing), take a moment to imagine a scenario where quenching your thirst wasn’t so simple.

For many people in sub-Saharan Africa, water isn’t readily available at the turn of a tap. People — mostly women and girls — walk miles each day to gather water, sometimes from sources that aren’t even safe to drink.

Picture what that would be like today: to feel thirsty, with no way to solve it. For those of us with piped water, it’s nearly unimaginable. But for the communities we serve in Kenya, Sierra Leone, and Uganda, this is daily life. In some of the driest areas, like Southeast Kenya, people don’t just walk miles — they dig deep into dry, seasonal riverbeds to reach the last drops of brown, salty water left from the previous rainy season.

Access to clean, safe drinking water shouldn’t be a privilege. It should be a reality for everyone. At The Water Project, we’re working to make that vision possible. When you support our mission, you’re not just giving water; you’re giving people time, health, and opportunity. Join us today, and help transform the daily lives of those who simply want to drink safely, pursue their education, and build a brighter future.

The post How much water should you really drink to stay hydrated? first appeared on The Water Project.

Below are our staff members’ reflections on their experiences at the conference and their biggest takeaways.

Spencer Bogle, Director of Program:

At this year’s UNC Conference, I had the opportunity to participate in the Millennium Water Alliance (MWA) Strategy Session. MWA is a collaborative network of global experts in climate resilience, innovative finance, solar technology, professionalized WASH services, WASH system strengthening, monitoring and evaluation, and other critical areas. 

Meeting in person with representatives from other MWA member organizations, we explored ways to re-envision our collective strategy for maximizing positive impacts for communities in need of reliable water access. These are all domains in which The Water Project aims to excel through our work in Kenya, Uganda, and Sierra Leone. The strategy meeting offered a valuable platform to connect face-to-face with MWA leaders, share insights from our regional programs, and learn from the experiences of other organizations as we collectively mapped out MWA’s future.

One highlight was seeing our Program Manager, Emma Kelly, represent us with two poster presentations. The first, on the design and functionality of hand-dug wells connected to sand dam systems in southeastern Kenya, was based on research led by Allison Gregory, Director of Monitoring, Evaluation, Resolution & Learning, in partnership with the Africa Sand Dam Foundation (ASDF). 

The second presentation, in collaboration with our Uganda network partner, The Water Trust (TWT), focused on “Equipping Handpump Mechanics to Sell Preventative Maintenance Services in Rural Uganda.” Emma’s comprehensive role in our program department spans from research to partnerships and problem-solving, ensuring that water access remains consistent, reliable, and affordable.

We were also excited to have Catherine McManus, a new member of our Monitoring, Evaluation, Resolution, and Learning (MERL) department, share her research on the relationship between water system functionality and management in Malawi. Catherine brings an inspiring commitment to ensuring the reliability and sustainability of water resources for those who need them most, aligning closely with our mission at The Water Project.

Conferences like UNC also provide a unique networking space with valued friends and partners in the water sector. Over lunch, I had a chance to connect with Chris Prottas, recently retired Executive Director of The Water Trust, our network partner in Uganda for 15 years. Chris recently passed the leadership torch to Peter Kaddu, a seasoned health and development professional in Uganda. Chris has been an exceptional leader within The Water Project’s network of partnerships. We wish him the very best in his future endeavors, and we look forward to working with Peter.

Lastly, one of the standout sessions for me was a presentation on monitoring institutional water use and management through the HWISE (Household Water Insecurity Experiences) tool. We heard from respected organizations, some of whom also collaborate with The Water Project in the Millennium Water Alliance and the WASH Funders Group, discussing tools that capture user experiences and perceptions to influence water management behaviors. This session resonated with us, as it aligns with our recent research on water use in schools and communities and our work in improving water services within healthcare facilities.

Emma Kelly, Program Manager:

Like in all of the years I’ve attended, the 2024 UNC Water and Health Conference was an inspiring gathering of WASH researchers, practitioners and policy-makers. The attendees were energetic and engaged, with people discussing new learnings and future collaborations in every nook of the Friday Center. As a UNC alum, I was so happy to see familiar faces and hear how my amazing WASH colleagues have been pushing and striving to provide better services and empower the communities they work with.

Even though I was only able to attend two days of the conference this year, I was blown away by the amount of learning that I could squeeze into that short time. The UNC conference truly is a WASH nerd’s playground! I attended plenary sessions, side events, and research presentations covering everything from new indicators to measure water insecurity experiences (WISE scales) in schools and healthcare facilities, to professionalizing WASH services to attract emerging finance opportunities.

I also had the amazing opportunity to represent The Water Project and our partners ASDF and TWT through two poster presentations. On Tuesday afternoon, I presented our research with ASDF into the sand dam design components that affect well functionality in our projects in Kenya’s counties of Makueni, Machakos, and Kitui. People were so interested to learn more about the sand dam technology, and to hear how well siting and sand dam size affect the reliability of wells in the dry season. 

On Wednesday, I also had the opportunity to represent TWT’s work with local handpump mechanics and early findings in their effort to market preventive maintenance services to water user committees managing handpumps in Bwijanga. The poster drew a crowd and sparked a lot of interest in TWT’s coming randomized trial to evaluate the impact of savings groups on rural water functionality!

Allison Gregory, Director of Monitoring, Evaluation, Resolution & Learning:

The UNC Water and Health Conference is one of my favorite weeks of the year! Bringing together professionals from across the WaSH sector, it’s an opportunity to learn, connect with colleagues, and share the impactful work that TWP and partners are doing throughout our program areas. We’re always eager to contribute to the conversations around rural water supply, one of the recurring conference themes. 

This year, I was excited to see a strong emphasis on climate-resilient WaSH. This is an area where TWP and the sector at large has room to grow, so I appreciated the opportunity to learn from organizations that are thinking through the unique challenges that climate change poses for WaSH infrastructure. 

I had the opportunity to represent TWP in a session focused on rural water quality monitoring, where we were co-conveners alongside Eawag, Helvetas Nepal, the University of Oxford, and Cova. Each organization presented their own unique approach to rural water quality testing, highlighting the diversity of arrangements in each unique setting. It was wonderful to get to share the challenges we’ve encountered and the solutions we’ve implemented with our Western Kenya Regional Service Hub laboratory, where we are currently monitoring nearly 1,500 water points. 

The UNC Water and Health Conference reminds our team of the depth of knowledge, passion, and innovation within the WASH sector. The insights gained from the conference will help our Program staff forge stronger partnerships and adapt our strategies. We were grateful for this opportunity to learn and collaborate with like-minded organizations and look forward to implementing these ideas (and our newfound inspiration!) to build a water-secure future for the communities we serve.

The post Reflections on the UNC Conference: Collaboration and Insights for a Water-Secure Future first appeared on The Water Project.

But what if you couldn’t just go get more? Imagine if every drop of water you needed required hours of walking in harsh conditions, carrying heavy containers under a blistering sun. And imagine whatever water you find — your only option — might make you sick.

This is the reality in many communities where The Water Project works. Access to water here is not a matter of convenience; it’s a matter of survival. Without it, every aspect of life — from health to education to income — is compromised. And, unlike in America, there’s no backup plan, no “quick fix.”

In so many ways, life without ready access to safe water is like a constant catch-22. 

For families in many parts of sub-Saharan Africa, a lack of water impacts every facet of life. Imagine a farmer who works from sunrise to sunset but struggles to grow enough food because he can’t water his crops. In many of these communities, people rely on farming and livestock to survive, but agriculture depends on water. Without water, crops wither, animals grow weak, and families are left with nothing to sell or eat. 

The Solution Isn’t Easy

People in sub-Saharan Africa need reliable water sources. Creating a water source requires money to contract a driller, or at the very least, water for concrete for a do-it-yourself build. But in communities where resources are already stretched thin, money is often scarce, and every dollar is prioritized for other essentials: food, basic shelter, and the occasional health expense. Further, many hand-dug wells dry up due to climate change, water overuse, and erratic weather patterns. 

With nothing left, they’re back to square one, forced to spend hours daily on the arduous task of collecting unsafe water just to survive. And survival comes at a cost — not only in time and effort but also in the dangers faced along the way.

How a Lack of Water Steals Futures

The journey to water is often dangerous, requiring treks through rough and sometimes unsafe terrain. Women and girls spend hours walking under the harsh sun, exposed to heat, and, in some areas, the threat of wildlife. By the time they return, they’re exhausted. The water they carry is likely contaminated — breeding grounds for waterborne diseases like cholera, typhoid, and dysentery. But for many families, making this journey and drinking contaminated water is the only choice.

In communities without clean water, illnesses from contaminated water are common. Children get sick, miss school, and can’t fully focus on their education. Parents, often needed to tend to farms or other work, have to take time to care for sick children, further straining their limited resources. Medical expenses pile up, creating yet another financial burden and trapping families in a cycle that feels impossible to escape.

For children, the impact extends beyond immediate health concerns. Missing school due to illness or the need to help gather water means they fall behind academically, making it hard to gain the skills that could eventually lift them out of poverty. In communities where every able-bodied person is essential for daily survival, a child’s education can seem secondary to the immediate need for water. Girls, especially, are often expected to prioritize family responsibilities over schooling, widening the gender gap in education and limiting their future opportunities.

Education offers a pathway to better job opportunities, health, and stability — but without water, a good education remains an elusive dream. Kids struggle with an unrelenting reality: they can’t learn effectively if they’re constantly thirsty, sick, or exhausted from hours spent fetching water. Without education, children are left without the tools they need to create a brighter future for themselves and their families.

In the face of these challenges, people in water-scarce regions are endlessly resilient. They work tirelessly to rise above their circumstances, but without water, every path is blocked. 

When a community gains access to clean water, the immediate and long-term effects are profound. Children attend school regularly. Adults are healthier and can devote more time to work. Families can grow food and care for livestock, generating income to cover essentials and save for the future. And by sharing in the tasks of building and maintenance, community members take ownership of their new water resources, ensuring they’re invested in their upkeep for years to come.

Water: The Foundation for a Future

Now, it’s time to imagine something beautiful. Take a moment to dream about the possibilities that unfold when we create reliable water sources. 

Farmers can grow enough produce to feed their families and sell the surplus. Their children can attend school and focus on learning, no longer weighed down by the daily struggle to find water. Community members can come together to develop businesses, establish markets, and create a stronger local economy. For women and girls, clean water access frees them from the daily trek for water, opening doors to education, personal growth, and employment opportunities.

In this way, water is more than a resource; it’s a foundation for self-sufficiency, resilience, and independence. Each water source we build together supports a thriving community where everyone has the chance to contribute, succeed, and dream. And when you support water projects, you’re not just helping a single family or individual; you’re helping an entire community lay the groundwork for a sustainable future.

By providing access to safe, reliable water, The Water Project isn’t offering a handout; we’re offering a hand up.

A Life-Changing Opportunity

Imagining life without water is difficult for those of us who can solve a water outage with a quick trip to the store or a call to a repair service. But for millions worldwide, the struggle for water defines every day. By supporting The Water Project, you’re transforming lives. You’re helping build pathways out of poverty, creating healthier communities, and unlocking the potential that lies within each person — a potential that, without water, remains untapped.

When we say water is life, we’re not just speaking metaphorically. Water is the first step toward health, education, and economic stability. It’s the first step to a self-sustaining future. And for communities striving to break free from the relentless grip of water scarcity, it’s the key that unlocks every door.

The post A Hand Up, Not a Handout: Why Water Access Changes Everything first appeared on The Water Project.

However, in many communities around the world, including Sierra Leone, palm oil production is a crucial source of income for small-scale producers. Many people, particularly women, operate small backyard businesses centered around palm oil production, which enables them to support their families and meet their basic needs. 

Because of palm oil’s notorious reputation, when potential donors read about community members in Sierra Leone producing it as a backyard business, they may initially shy away from the idea. But there’s more to this situation than many people realize.

One of the main reasons for the popularity of palm oil is its versatility. 

“Palm oil is in nearly everything – it’s in close to 50% of the packaged products we find in supermarkets, everything from pizza, doughnuts and chocolate, to deodorant, shampoo, toothpaste, and lipstick. It’s also used in animal feed and as a biofuel in many parts of the world.”

— World Wildlife Fund 

Not only is palm oil multifunctional, but it also takes less land to produce large quantities. Oil palms require four to ten times less land to produce the same amount of oil as other common oil crops, which is part of why calls to boycott palm oil have fallen on deaf ears. So rather than eradicating it altogether, reforming its production methods is a much better option.

Is producing palm oil bad for the environment?

Historically, palm oil production has been incredibly harmful to the environment, with deforestation serving as the main complaint. Clearing large sections of forest for human use or development deprives local wildlife of their natural habitat and community members of vital resources. Even worse, deforestation actively contributes to climate change.

“A mature tree absorbs and stores carbon dioxide – the greenhouse gas we emit from burning fossil fuels, like coal, gas, and oil. These gases cause climate change and lead to a warming in the planet’s temperature. As more forests are destroyed, so too is our ability to trap these greenhouse gases and slow rising temperatures around the world which cause droughts, forest fires, and more frequent hurricanes and typhoons.”

— Coalition for Rainforest Nations

However, thanks in part to the bad press as well as the formation of groups like the Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO), palm oil production is becoming less harmful. In fact, producing palm oil with sustainable practices in mind often curtails deforestation efforts.

Nowadays, savvy consumers can look up their favorite brands’ palm oil policies, or scan their products on the go to check for their palm oil sustainability rating.

And when we talk about the people we meet in Sierra Leone who create palm oil for sale, they are not operating on the same mammoth scale as the big players. Often, they are the sole proprietors of a grassroots business — not perpetrators of mass deforestation. 

Where we work in Sierra Leone, making palm oil begins with harvesting ripe fruit bunches from oil palm trees. The harvested bunches are then transported to a processing site, where the individual fruits are separated from the bunch stalk. 

The separated fruits are sterilized, usually by boiling or steaming, to soften the fruit flesh and prevent enzyme activity that can spoil the oil. This step also helps loosen the fruit’s outer skin.

After sterilization, the fruits are mashed or pounded to break down the pulp and release the oil. This is often done using large mortar and pestle-like tools or mechanical digesters.

The mashed pulp is then pressed to extract the crude palm oil. In traditional methods, this is done manually by squeezing the pulp, while more mechanized systems may use hydraulic presses or screw presses.

The extracted oil contains water, fibers, and other impurities. It is left to settle in a container, allowing the oil to rise to the top while the water and impurities settle at the bottom. The oil is then skimmed off the top.

For many families in rural areas, palm oil production is a critical source of income. In Sierra Leone, small-scale producers like Adamsay rely on palm oil as one of the few ways to generate income and support their families. Without this business, many would struggle to meet basic needs.

“Well, I’ve been able to produce more palm oil because of the water. It has helped me to process a large amount of palm oil that has generated income for me and my family,” said 39-year-old trader Adamsay from Lokoya Community in Sierra Leone.

Is eating palm oil bad for your health?

Palm oil is a commonly used vegetable oil in many processed foods, but its health effects depend on how much and what type you consume. 

Palm oil contains both saturated and unsaturated fats. It’s about 50% saturated fat, which can raise LDL (bad) cholesterol levels when consumed in excess, potentially increasing the risk of heart disease.

Refined palm oil, often used in processed foods, loses some nutrients during processing and may be less healthy than unrefined or red palm oil. Red palm oil, which is less processed, contains more antioxidants like vitamin E and beta-carotene, which can be beneficial — however, red palm oil is rare in Western cultures.

Like other fats, consuming palm oil in moderation as part of a balanced diet is generally fine. The health risks increase with overconsumption, especially in the form of processed foods high in saturated fats.

According to Harvard nutrition experts, palm oil is clearly better than high–trans fat shortenings and probably a better choice than butter. But vegetable oils that are naturally liquid at room temperature, such as olive oil and canola oil, should still be your first choice.

— Harvard Health

Conclusion: A Balanced Perspective

As consumers, we can make choices that support sustainable palm oil production. By choosing products made with certified sustainable palm oil and supporting small producers who use environmentally responsible methods, we can contribute to a more equitable and sustainable future.

The next time you hear about palm oil production in communities like those in Sierra Leone, remember that it’s not a simple story of environmental harm. For many people, it’s a vital source of livelihood, and sustainable production is key to balancing the needs of both people and the planet.

The post The Multi-Sided Story of Palm Oil first appeared on The Water Project.

Often, when we first enter a community, we’ll find that the community hasn’t been washing their hands effectively, as is the case in the video below. 

In Gamuguywa Community in Western Kenya, the family demonstrated their usual handwashing practice: first, the father rinses his hands in a basin, followed by the mother, and then the children from eldest to youngest. Our Impact Communication Officer, Jacklyne Chelagat, confirmed that this is a typical handwashing practice in rural Kenya. 

As you may already know, this method of handwashing is more likely to spread infections than curtail them. This is why the hygiene and sanitation training portion of each water project we install is so critically important to improving lives in sub-Saharan Africa.

This Global Handwashing Day, we celebrate the small yet powerful act of handwashing.

Why Handwashing is Important

Handwashing with soap is one of the most cost-effective ways to prevent diseases that claim millions of lives every year. Properly executed handwashing with soap reduces the spread of diarrhea, respiratory infections, and other diseases. Soap works by breaking down the germs that travel to our hands after we touch things. These germs can have devastating impacts if we don’t wash them away regularly. 

Without proper hand hygiene, harmful bacteria and viruses can spread rapidly. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), proper handwashing with soap can reduce diarrheal diseases by up to 40% and respiratory infections by around 20%. These illnesses are particularly dangerous for people with compromised or underdeveloped immune systems, such as children under five, the elderly, and pregnant women.

It is estimated that 1.4 million people, including nearly 400,000 children under five, die each year from preventable diseases attributable to inadequate water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH).

UNICEF

While this handwashing message is incredibly important to the people of sub-Saharan Africa, where these diseases are most prevalent, it’s also just a good reminder for everyone. During the COVID-19 pandemic, it seemed like many people stepped up their handwashing habits. Now that the threat of a mystery mega-illness is less pressing, we hope that the progress everyone has made in learning proper handwashing methods won’t disappear.

How Hygiene Training Saves Lives

Through our hygiene and sanitation training, we emphasize the critical difference between simply rinsing hands and washing them thoroughly with soap. 

In communities like Gamuguywa, we help members install handwashing stations that work without running water. One example is a tippy tap — a simple, hands-free device made from local materials that allows individuals to wash their hands properly and consistently.

Hygiene education is integrated into every project we implement because we know that access to clean water alone isn’t enough. It’s the combination of safe water, proper sanitation, and consistent hygiene practices that transforms lives. 

In Gamuguywa, families now know how to break the chain of infection, ensuring their children stay healthy and can attend school regularly.

Be Part of the Solution

If you feel, like we do, that the message of clean hands is incredibly important, then help us spread the message by supporting our work in sub-Saharan Africa. With every project, we train communities in soap-making, handwashing techniques, and how to prevent the spread of water-related diseases. Together, we can prevent deaths in the most vulnerable members of our global community.

The post Global Handwashing Day 2024 first appeared on The Water Project.

Olivia:

The 2024 International Day of the Girl Child theme is “Girls’ vision for the future.”

Girls in the communities we serve need allies who listen to and respond to their needs. The Water Project helps ensure that girls secure their hopes and dreams of becoming successful in the future by providing access to clean and safe water in school.

Jackie:

The importance and the worth of a girl in any community cannot be underestimated. The future and success of any community depends on the value attached to the girl child. Fortunately, the whole world is cognizant of this fact, which is why the International Day of the Girl Child is celebrated globally. This day seeks to advocate for equal rights and opportunities for the girl child. On this day, a lot of emphasis is put on the importance of empowering girls to gain access to quality education, healthcare, and equal opportunities.

Just as an engine cannot run without engine oil, so is the life of a girl child without water. All activities in a girl’s life revolve around access to clean and safe water. She must be clean, smart, healthy, and in a clean environment. 

To affirm this, we sought to conduct a comparative survey of a school which has sufficient water and one without. We started by visiting St. Mary’s Shihome Girls Secondary School to establish the challenges girls face due to a lack of water in their boarding school. (Note: a new borehole well at this school is currently under construction!)

On arrival, we found a school compound that was generally dusty and an unkempt environment. We had an opportunity to interact with the girls just to get the feeling, and this is what they had to say.

“In this school, we have a challenge with water. We get water from a spring that is three kilometers away. We spend a lot of time on the road, and we come back so tired and exhausted that we cannot even concentrate in class,” Dorcas said.

“Due to the scarcity of water in our school, we are forced to use and reuse water. This makes the water so dirty, contaminated, and unsafe. As a result, we contract waterborne diseases that seriously affect our health,” Grace said.

“We are girls who should study in a clean environment, but as a result of [the] water shortage, we do not clean our classes daily. This makes the classroom environment so dusty and filthy,” Gilan said.

Another student, Everlyne, said, “We get water from the same spring [as] the villagers. At times, we converge with them at the spring and we tend to scramble for the same resource with them. This makes the spring environment hostile for us. Most of the time, we have to be accompanied by a teacher just to guarantee our safety.”

We decided to ask them what they think would change if they were given a project that would ensure a steady and sufficient supply of water in the school.

They said their academic performance would definitely improve, since the time they spend covering three kilometers daily would be converted to revision and study time. Water-related infections would also be eliminated, and they would be able to concentrate in class since they would no longer be exhausted from the daily trips to the faraway spring. Above all, their classes, toilets, and the general environment would be clean.

We also asked what they would want to become in the future after their studies. Several responses came up: a doctor, a lecturer, a donor, a fashion designer, a nurse, a journalist, a teacher, not leaving behind a lawyer. Their hobbies were swimming, singing, researching, traveling, reading, and dancing. 

Olivia:

According to St. Mary’s Shihome Girls Secondary School’s principal, Mrs. Priscilla Tendi, “It is a dream of every girl to look clean and beautiful, but lack of sufficient clean water in school is making the girls not to shine again. But I hope soon they will smile again because water will be in school. We all know that water is life, and no one can separate girls and water.”

Growing up as a young girl, I used to fetch water while in school, and it was not sufficient at all. In fact, it was so traumatizing not to have water in school. That’s why girls need sufficient water, especially during menstrual periods, because they need to take baths. Imagine sleeping without taking a shower during your menstrual periods? Would you feel comfortable? I mean, it’s not healthy at all. 

These girls are forced to use the little water they have sparingly, and this affects their personal hygiene. Water is key to human life. We need it. We can’t do without it. 

My prayer is that these girls will have water in school soon so that they can achieve their dreams and live healthy lives while at school. I can’t imagine staying in a boarding school without water. Indeed, the girls are suffering, but they have no option but to look for alternatives to ensure that at least they have some water to drink, wash, take baths, and clean their classrooms and dormitories.

Jackie:

We also visited Shitoto Girls Secondary School, a school with a water project that ensures a sufficient supply of water. (Note: The borehole well at Shitoto Girls Secondary School has been in operation since April 2023.) The compound was green, neat, and conducive to learning. The aesthetic value of this school is just amazing. 

“Since The Water Project gave us this project, a lot has changed. Performance in our school has improved. We have been able to save on time and energy that was initially spent in search of water. The level of cleanliness and hygiene in our school has significantly improved,” Lulu said.

“Our school cooks no longer have to strain looking for water to prepare meals. Our meals are prepared and served on time and this is done in a clean kitchen,” Mercy said.

“With the water pump within the compound, we get water so fast, [and] clean our classes and the dormitory. As a matter of fact, nowadays, we clean daily,” Kelen, the sanitary prefect, said.

We asked the girls what they want to become in the future after their studies. Their responses were: a journalist, water engineer, among others. I believe girls in this school shall achieve their dreams since the learning environment is so conducive. They are working really hard because they no longer worry about water.

Educating a girl child is educating the community. Every one of us has a role to play in ensuring that girls are fully supported to achieve their dreams and to reach their destiny. Let us all join our hands, donate, and assist a girl child in getting access to clean and safe water since it plays a crucial role in a girl’s development.

Olivia:

The Water Project is working hard to ensure that the girls in Western Kenya stay in school. Through the drilling of borehole wells, it’s evident that the girls’ futures will be secured. And when girls lead, the impact is immediate and wide. 

It is time to listen to girls and invest in proven solutions that will accelerate progress toward a future in which every girl can fulfill her potential. When we come together and give for clean water in schools, our girls will be able to change the community and the world in the future. Let’s all donate to The Water Project and help girls here in Western Kenya secure the future they deserve.

The post International Day of the Girl Child: “It’s time to listen to girls.” first appeared on The Water Project.

Even worse, these conditions trap people in cycles of poverty and illness, perpetuating their daily struggle for survival. Without enough water to conduct proper hygiene, people’s health suffers. When people become ill, they can’t attend school or work, and they can’t work on their family farms. All this lost productivity translates to a lack of education and funds.

The Link Between Water and Hygiene

Hygiene relies on water. Handwashing, cleaning clothes, bathing, and keeping living spaces sanitary all require access to water. However, in sub-Saharan Africa, only 31% of people have access to safely managed water, let alone enough water for hygiene purposes. Safely managed water sources provide clean water that is accessible on premises, available when needed, and free from contamination, while basic water sources may require long travel distances or involve water that is not always safe to drink. 

This lack of water forces people to make difficult choices every day. If clean water is only available for drinking (or not available at all), hygiene practices are often the first to be sacrificed.

“The main water source…is seasonal from December to April. This affects my not having enough water to use for domestic activities like laundry, bathing, and other uses,” said 13-year-old Nancy K. from Katongha Community in Sierra Leone, which is still raising funds for a rehabilitated well. 

If there isn’t enough water for laundry or bathing, then there likely isn’t enough for handwashing, either. Handwashing significantly reduces the transmission of infectious diseases, but it becomes impossible when water is scarce. According to the World Health Organization, 653 million people worldwide live without handwashing facilities. This has devastating consequences, as diseases spread rapidly in environments where basic hygiene is unattainable.

“Many [students] fetch water without washing [their] hands, so with dirty hands, [they] hold the fetching container and contaminate the water. This way of mishandling the water causes diarrhea and typhoid, which has affected me and them severely. Lack of enough water makes us wash classrooms [only] once per week, thus making it hard for us to maintain pupils’ hygiene,” said 29-year-old teacher Harriet Busieka from Lunyelelia Primary School, which still needs a borehole well.

The Deadly Cost

The lack of hygiene caused by water scarcity is not just an inconvenience—it’s deadly. 

“Not having access to clean water, toilets, and good hygiene practices makes it harder to stop and manage neglected tropical diseases like schistosomiasis, trachoma, and Guinea worm disease. This keeps the cycle of poverty and sickness going.”

— U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Children are particularly vulnerable to disease since their immune systems have not yet fully developed. Without the ability to wash hands or maintain personal hygiene, children fall ill frequently, miss school, and suffer long-term health consequences.

Diarrheal diseases account for 1 in 9 child deaths worldwide, making diarrhea the second leading cause of death among children under the age of 5.

— CDC

One of the most prevalent hygiene-related diseases is cholera, a life-threatening illness caused by contaminated water and poor sanitation. Similarly, skin diseases like scabies, impetigo, and fungal infections like ringworm thrive in conditions where hygiene practices cannot be maintained.

For women and girls, inadequate hygiene also brings about gender-specific health challenges. Menstruation, for example, becomes a source of shame and discomfort in areas without access to water and proper sanitation facilities. Girls often miss school during their menstrual cycle due to a lack of facilities, contributing to gender inequality in education. 

“During my menstrual periods, if there is no water in school, I stay at home,” said 16-year-old Everlyne from Namatala Primary School, which just received its own borehole well in July. “I hope our bathrooms will be installed with water one day so that we can maintain hygiene during our [periods].”

The Cost to Human Dignity

Beyond the physical health implications, water scarcity robs people of their dignity. Hygiene practices are tied to cultural, social, and personal concepts of respect and self-worth. Being unable to wash oneself, wear clean clothes, or care for personal hygiene carries a stigma. For women and girls, the lack of privacy and sanitation during menstruation exacerbates feelings of shame, leading to social isolation.

“Using the latrines in the school is…a hassle because they have an unpleasant smell, which sticks on my uniform whenever I use them,” said 14-year-old Simba from Musosya Primary School, which is still raising money for a rainwater harvesting tank.

“Conducting personal hygiene at home is also hard because water is inadequate, and I have to go [to] school most times with my dirty uniform. I hope we will get a nearby water point that will enable me to always have clean water to drink and [be] present in school,” said ten-year-old Mwendwa from Kisirani Community, where we’re hoping to build a sand dam this year.

The lack of hygiene is felt particularly hard at Kyamboo Secondary School, where both teachers and students painted a picture of their dirty environment. 

“The students and teachers…[have] to bear with the unclean classrooms and latrines in the school, because water is mostly used for drinking and cooking,” shared Kyamboo Secondary School teacher John Miles.

“I have to resume class with my dirty plate and cup because there is no water in school. I have had to lick my plate clean or wipe it using papers which cause contamination,” said 17-year-old student Simon.

Imagine not being able to wash your hands after using the toilet, not being able to bathe regularly, or not having clean water to wash your clothes. These situations, common in many water-scarce regions, foster a profound sense of helplessness. The simple act of being clean and presentable can restore a sense of dignity…but without access to water, this basic human right is denied.

How Clean Water Changes Everything

The Water Project’s mission is to break this cycle. With clean water, people can prioritize hygiene, and diseases related to poor sanitation and hygiene can be lessened. Children can stay healthy, attend school regularly, and focus on learning. Women and girls no longer need to miss school due to a lack of hygiene during their menstrual cycles. Entire communities regain not only their health but also their dignity.

Every contribution to The Water Project goes directly toward providing sustainable water solutions to communities in sub-Saharan Africa. Whether it’s constructing a well, rehabilitating a borehole, or building a rainwater catchment system, your donation empowers communities to maintain hygiene, combat diseases, and restore their dignity.

With every day that passes, more people fall ill, more children miss school, and more communities lose their dignity due to a lack of water. Your donation today can help stop this cycle.

The post When There Isn’t Enough Water to Stay Clean first appeared on The Water Project.

A scoop hole is a shallow hole dug down into the ground to access water just beneath the ground’s surface. People dig these holes in arid or semi-arid climates when there are no other water options, or when their usual water sources disappear along with the rains.

Scoop holes range in size depending on how long it takes to reach water. Scoop holes also expand as the dry season drags on due to a combination of erosion and further digging.

As you can imagine, the water people extract from these holes is highly contaminated, being exposed to the elements — and more. 

“The water in our school is unclean and contaminated because it is acquired from scoop holes that are prone to animal and human contamination,” said 13-year-old Cynthia M. from Katse Primary School in Southeast Kenya, which is still raising funds to build its own rainwater harvesting tank. 

“I have been sick several times during this term due to stomach upsets caused by drinking the contaminated water,” Cynthia continued. “I [am] usually forced to stay at home and seek treatment, forcing me to miss class lessons. I have to bear with the thirst during most days in school because there is little or no water in the school.”

There are many reasons why drinking water found in scoop holes could expose people to water-related diseases.

• Scoop holes leave their water vulnerable to debris, dust, and pollutants carried by wind or animals.
• Livestock and wildlife often share the same water sources as humans. Their presence near the scoop holes can introduce bacteria, parasites, and fecal matter into the water.
• People using scoop holes may contaminate the water with dirty containers or hands.
• Scoop holes lack any natural filtration, allowing sediment, pathogens, and pollutants from the soil and surrounding environment to enter the water.
• Water in scoop holes often sits for extended periods, becoming a breeding ground for bacteria and parasites.
• Groundwater accessed through scoop holes is often brackish or salty, making it unfit for drinking or household use.
• Scoop holes dug near latrines can become contaminated by sewage or other hazardous materials leaching into the ground.

“My primary water source is a scoop hole near my home, but the water is very dirty and unsafe,” said 26-year-old Christopher from Kisalizi Community in Uganda, which is still raising funds for a borehole well. “I assume that, this source being in a valley, rainwater carries feces [to] the water point. There are people who abandoned this scoop hole because there is someone who defecated in the water source.”

Believe it or not, the water from scoop holes is often in high demand  — because it is people’s only option.

“The people (mostly women and children) wake up at dawn to search for water from the seasonal Ndalani river,” said Field Officer Alex Koech when describing Kilela Community, which is still raising funds for its own water project. 

“They walk for about three hours to the scoop hole at Ndalani River,” Alex continued. “They have to wake up that early; otherwise, the water at the scoop hole runs out, and they have to wait ‘til it collects more water. The lack of water in the area has led to long queues at the water point, which at times leads to quarrels between the community members.”

You might wonder why the people living in these areas wouldn’t just go buy some water for themselves. But in sub-Saharan Africa, purchasing water is not always as simple as walking to a nearby store. Most people in our work areas farm for their food and their living, which is difficult without water available, so money is scarce. And in some cases, local water vendors have no other option but to source water from the same scoop holes.

But there’s hope for these communities. 

The Water Project works tirelessly to bring water to communities in Kenya, Sierra Leone, and Uganda. By helping us build new water sources, you help people replace these unsafe scoop holes with sustainable water sources like wells, rainwater tanks, and sand dams. Your gift will reduce the hours women and children spend collecting water, giving them more time to focus on their education and their futures.

Donate today and give the gift of clean, safe water. Your contribution will make an immediate, life-saving difference for communities in need.

The post What is a scoop hole? first appeared on The Water Project.

In 2025, we’re planning two solar projects, both at healthcare facilities: one in Sierra Leone, and the other in Western Kenya. We’ve constructed solar water projects in the past, but these two projects have us incredibly excited because of the sheer amount of people we’re hoping they’ll help.

When healthcare facilities lack their own sources of water, it becomes incredibly difficult for staff to maintain a sterile environment and care for their patients. Doctors and nurses struggle to even wash their hands between patient visits, which increases the likelihood of cross-contamination. Often, we hear stories of healthcare staff who must forego their own duties to fetch water offsite. 

With a solar distribution system to pipe water into sinks, bathrooms, and examination rooms, our new solar water sources could revitalize the health of thousands of people per water point.

With water onsite, healthcare staff will be better able to focus on treating patients rather than sourcing water or maintaining a sterile environment without it. Cleanliness standards will improve, preventing the spread of diseases. Inpatients will receive better care in terms of hygiene, nutrition, and hydration, improving recovery times and reducing the risk of complications. If the facility can produce excess water, it may even sell or provide water to nearby community members, generating income or fostering goodwill with the community.

Solar power is also a much cleaner energy source than other methods carbon-wise — for instance, in some areas without municipal power, populations resort to their own methods to bring water close to their homes, like diesel pumps. However, diesel emissions harm both the environment and the people living near the motor. Further, in communities that rely on diesel water distribution, access to water also depends on the affordability and availability of fuel. Solar options, though requiring a higher upfront cost for installation, eradicate these ongoing problems.

But solar water-pumping technology also has the potential to cause its own issues — as Alan MacDonald, head of groundwater at the British Geological Survey and of the IAH groundwater network for international development pointed out in a recent opinion piece for The Guardian. In his paper, MacDonald cautions those working in the water sector to closely monitor groundwater resources before installing solar water pumps to prevent depletion of groundwater reserves (which would be another drain on our Earth’s resources). 

In anticipation of expanding our work in solar piped water systems, The Water Project has been working diligently to ensure that these systems will be equitable and sustainable long term. In Western Kenya, our teams collaborated with a hydrogeologist recommended by the Groundwater Relief network to install monitoring ports and track static water levels in the region over the past year. Our friends at the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill’s Water Institute then helped us to translate our groundwater monitoring data into a model that estimates water levels in the watersheds where we are working. 

In Sierra Leone, our partners have been using newly acquired hydrogeological equipment to carry out their own hydrogeological surveys. This is done wherever we plan to drill a borehole, whether the planned project is fitted with a hand pump or a solar piped distribution system. The hydrogeological surveys help find the most effective site for the new well and ensure that sufficient groundwater is available before we initiate drilling.

We have learned a lot through these efforts to intentionally examine the groundwater situation where we work. In order to share our lessons and hear from others, The Water Project co-convened a side session at the 2023 UNC Water and Health Conference. The session brought together WASH researchers and practitioners to discuss the opportunities for and challenges to collecting and sharing reliable groundwater information. And we’re excited to say that The Water Project is currently in the final stages of publishing a conference proceedings paper that summarizes the event — and the lively discussion it sparked among key WASH stakeholders! 

As we continue to plan the solar piped water systems scheduled for 2025, The Water Project strives to design and implement solar water solutions that reliably serve the staff and patients of the healthcare facilities, reduce carbon emissions, and protect groundwater reserves for generations to come. 

The post Zero Emissions Day: How Solar Technology Can Effectively Replace Diesel Pumps for Water Distribution first appeared on The Water Project.

We currently maintain more than 2,500 water points throughout our service areas in Kenya, Sierra Leone, and Uganda, which requires a great deal of forethought and cooperation between many different people and teams.

Monitoring can be surprisingly challenging, especially in remote areas where access is difficult or during extreme weather conditions. But our dedicated team, equipped with local knowledge and technical expertise, ensures that every water point is assessed regularly, no matter the challenges. Whether by foot, motorbike, or vehicle, they make sure that no community is left behind.

What is monitoring and why is it important?

Monitoring is how we ensure our water points are safe and dependable: by calling to check in with water user committees, visiting water points to evaluate their functionality, and testing water quality for possible contamination. 

These practices give the people we serve the confidence to use their water without fear, just as you and I drink from our faucets without thinking. Life is so much better without the constant worry of water-related illnesses. Therefore, our regular monitoring makes life so much better for the 900,000+ people who depend on us.

How do we monitor our water points?

We check on our water points once per quarter, with some checks more extensive than others. Some involve calling a member of the source’s water user committee to ask questions, while others involve in-person visits, inspections, and water quality sampling. In a few cases, we’ve also implemented technology to help us check on water points. For instance, we use Mobi-Water sensors to monitor the water levels in many of our Western Kenya rain tanks. 

A water point can stop providing water for many reasons, and every year, we train our monitoring staff on potential issues to look for at each type of water point. For instance, at a borehole well, we’ll ask staff to look for cracks in the well pad, ground erosion around the well, a clean drainage channel, and more.

How do we involve the community in monitoring?

We involve community members in maintaining their own water points. This is easier to do if community members help with a project’s construction, as they are more emotionally invested in the source’s success. 

However, maintaining a community presence is more difficult than many realize. Water user committee members vacate their positions for various reasons, and school and healthcare facility staff leave and are replaced with new administrations. But even if we can’t contact the same people about a water point year after year, our staff always finds a way to check on its status.

How do we test water quality for contaminants?

Another important part of monitoring is water quality testing. We maintain extensive water quality testing data going back to 2019, and basic data going back even further.

We collect water quality samples twice a year: once during the rainy season, and again during the dry season. Drawing samples during these different weather patterns is a known standard in our sector. Each season brings potential problems to a water point, and to its water quality. 

The dry season poses challenges for obvious reasons — less water is available. 

The rainy season brings a higher chance of fecal contamination because of storm runoff. During rainy periods, there are also more chances for interaction between surface water (water you can see or dig down to easily by hand) and groundwater (water stored beneath the ground in aquifers). The rainy season also mixes up water and potentially adds outside particles and pollutants, so we generally recommend filtering water during this time period.

In Sierra Leone and Southeast Kenya, we use specialized compartment bag tests (CBTs) that don’t require electricity for water quality testing because it would take too long for our collected water samples to reach a testing facility. 

Our other service areas employ a petri dish testing method called membrane filtration, which might look familiar from science class.  

These tests are incredibly important in ensuring that the water we provide the people we serve is safe to drink. 

Conclusion

Monitoring is crucial to keeping the community members we serve safe. But it’s also about ensuring that every donor’s contribution continues to make a difference for years to come. By regularly checking on water points, we make sure these life-changing projects remain functional, reliable, and safe for the communities that rely on them.

To help us monitor our water points, please consider donating to our Water Promise. You can even become a monthly donor to know you’re spreading (and maintaining) clean water access in sub-Saharan Africa every day.

The post World Water Monitoring Day: How and Why We Monitor Our Water Points first appeared on The Water Project.

I had the opportunity to represent The Water Project at World Water Week in Stockholm, Sweden August 25 through August 30. World Water Week’s theme this year was Bridging Borders: Water for a Peaceful and Sustainable Future, focusing on cooperation for peace and security around water. 

The conference convenes representatives and decision-makers at the highest levels of national governments, transnational organizations like the World Health Organization and World Bank, bilateral organizations like the US Agency for International Development, and NGOs like The Water Project, working in every corner of the globe. The conference recognizes that solutions to water-related challenges require incredible collaboration, whether on a local scale for a rural community working to build more resilient water access solutions, or for a national government actively pursuing the UN’s sustainable development goals. 

This was The Water Project’s first appearance at the conference. One of the highlights for me was meeting collaborators with whom I have worked (some for years) and have never met face-to-face. 

For instance, The Water Project is a proud member of The Millennium Water Alliance, an alliance of over 20 member organizations committed to increasing water resilience and sanitation access globally. I met with leaders and members of the alliance to discuss mission-critical topics for The Water Project, like improving our safe water delivery processes to healthcare facilities, best practices for expanding solar piped water services to a new program region, and making our operations and maintenance services more sustainable, ensuring that our networks of water access are around for the long haul. 

I also met with other members of the WASH Funders Group, a collection of almost 30 organizations and foundations committed to collaboration, information exchange, and learning to achieve a greater collective impact in water and sanitation system strengthening around the world. Our meetings included a strategy session to improve coordination and collaboration, a session exploring how we could work together to support and strengthen an operations and maintenance framework in Uganda, and a session on catalytic sector financing, in which I had the honor of facilitating a table discussion with peers who brought decades of learning and experience to the conversation. 

Of course, at a conference of this scale, there are countless sessions led by sector leaders convening experts on topics central to the pursuit of safe water access for all, strategies, and best practices. My time consisted of attendance at sessions like “Taking Stock in Systems-Stengthening Programming — Framing Qualitative Evidence.” During this session, the WASH Agenda for Change and the Rural Water Supply Network (of which The Water Project is a member) led a think shop addressing the reality that a shift in context, such as a new government policy, can greatly impact the relevance of activities planned to strengthen an entire system required to provide sustainable water access. 

The session exchanged approaches and methods that provide diverse experiences and ideas on qualitatively measuring systems change. This is an important part within the system of water access in our program regions; The Water Project is always looking to improve our engagement with other local and regional stakeholders to build sustainability within the systems of water access from the first moment we engage a community. Sessions like this provide wonderful opportunities to engage directly with national and global leaders. 

My main takeaway from the conference was an appreciation for the spirit of collaboration and cooperation that exists among so many of the people and organizations with whom I met. I have been in this work long enough to know many who have committed their lives to extending water access to those who are vulnerable and forgotten. I work in an office with 18 of them. I work with over 100 other leaders and practitioners within The Water Project Network based in Kenya, Uganda, and Sierra Leone. 

The World Water Week Conference provided an opportunity to meet with many more of these like-minded, brilliant, and committed problem-solvers whom I consider friends because of their willingness to share wisdom, listen, incorporate lessons that we have learned, and creatively imagine a future where everyone has reliable access to safe water. 

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