There are no secrets in cyberspace. Despite significant efforts to protect online privacy and security, our online assets are vulnerable, and should we neglect to make a plan for their transition after our deaths, we risk potentially sensitive private information becoming public.

Making your digital estate plan is an opportunity to clean your digital closets. What’s in your files that you wish you could forget? What do you want erased upon your death?  Better still, what’s online that you could erase now and save those left behind the discomfort of dealing with, including your digital steward or executor?

Being human, most of us will have some potentially embarrassing details about our lives or our online interactions tucked away in obscure corners of cyberspace. Think about the skeletons in your digital closet. Consider smartphones, computers, and tablets. You may wish to sweep and clear your browser history on these devices periodically or leave instructions to have this done on your death. Don’t forget about embarrassing apps on phones or tablets. Sweep and clear your hard drive or other storage devices such as external hard drives, thumb or flash drives, CDs or DVDs. Potentially embarrassing photos, videos, documents, or bootleg software should all be deleted on your death as well as any secret or potentially hurtful texts or email messages, or secret accounts you may hold.

The secrets need not be illicit, illegal, or dangerous to be worth a pre-mortem purge. A colleague of ours is dealing with a challenging set of circumstances with his adult son. He frequently sends direct messages seeking advice, support, or simply to vent his frustration. These conversations are private and intended to be supportive, but should the son read them out of context, particularly while grieving, they could be hurtful. It is easy to forget that what you assume are private back channel conversations – via text, direct message, Messenger, WhatsApp or others– are actually a part of your digital footprint and could easily be accessible after your death.

Conducting a Digital Assets Inventory will help you identify and understand the full extent of your digital footprint. From email accounts to websites, from gaming, shopping, and entertainment accounts to social media profiles consider the content you have created and posted, and its potential impact on your loved ones and your legacy. As you make your digital estate plan, be meticulous and communicate your specific wishes to your digital steward, estate executor, or a trusted friend or loved one.

Angela Crocker and Vicki McLeod are the co-authors of Digital Legacy Plan, A Guide to the Personal and Practical Elements of Your Digital Life Before Die (Self-Counsel Press 2019).

The post Cleaning Your Digital Closets first appeared on The Digital Beyond.

Last week we discussed the Google ‘Medical Brain’ Team’s monumental advances in their AI technology in regard to predicting death. Their system appears to be one of the most – if not the most – advanced system to date given it’s staggering 95% prediction accuracy.

However, this tech giant is not the only one playing around with your fate…there are a number of other death prediction (or life expectancy on a more positive note) tools out there. These generally analyze results using more basic info such as health, weight, age, exercise level, drinking and smoking habits and other lifestyle points. While obviously less accurate, the two listed below can easily be done online or on your phone (and don’t require a potentially life-threatening hospital visit to assess you).

‘How Long Will I Live?’ Life Expectancy Calculator

This tool was developed by professors at the University of Pennsylvania and has been featured in Time, The Wall Street Journal and U.S. News. This simple calculator takes about 3 minutes to complete and is based on a detailed statistical analysis of NIH-AARP data samples and a brief lifestyle quiz. After receiving your results it delves deeper into how the different attributes affect your life expectancy and how changing your lifestyle slightly can increase or decrease it.

Gero LifeSpan

The Gero LifeSpan app (while still in beta mode) “uses the data of over 100,000 people, machine learning, and science to connect lifestyle with life expectancy through motion activity.” The data was gathered from health surveys conducted between 2003-2006 and was used to help create their algorithm for death.

Day by day, week by week and month by month you can see how your daily habits and activity patterns may affect your projected lifespan. You can even run experiments on yourself to see if going to sleep early or walking to work for a month has any effect on your life expectancy within the app. If you need some in your face encouragement for living a healthy lifestyle, this real-time app may work for you.

The post Simple Death Prediction (or Life Expectancy) Tools first appeared on The Digital Beyond.

Google may be more accurate at predicting when a patient is going to die than doctors and current hospital warning systems.

Their ‘Medical Brain’ Team is masterfully helping Google break into the health-care sphere. They have begun training their AI system to assess the risk of death in hospital patients by reviewing 175,639 data points present in patient’s electronic medical records. Not only does their system assess current medical records (lab results, vital signs etc.) and dig up information about age, ethnicity, gender…it can also decipher and interpret buried away handwritten notes on charts or information scribbled away on PDFs.

“In general, prior work has focused on a subset of features available in the EHR [Electronic Health Record], rather than on all data available in an EHR, which includes clinical free-text notes, as well as large amounts of structured and semi-structured data.” – Google’s team

One major case study highlighting the (morbid) success of Google’s system involves a woman with metastatic breast cancer. 24 hours after her admission Google gave the woman a 19.9% chance of dying in the hospital, whereas the hospital’s augmented Early Warning Score estimated only a 9.3 chance. Less than two weeks later the woman passed away in the hospital.

As a whole, Google has analyzed 216,221 hospitalizations and 114,003 patients – giving them over 46 billion data points from their electronic health records.

While Google’s algorithm is not perfect, it appears to predict when you will die with up to 95% accuracy (as compared to roughly 85% accuracy from current hospital Early Warning Scores). Less grim than predicting death, Google’s AI can also forecast many other patient outcomes including how long people may stay in the hospital and their odds of readmission. The ability to possibly smooth out the process of entering data and improve how that data is used could cut down human error in medical care and greatly improve patient care.

To read Google’s paper published in Nature, click here

To read the in depth Bloomberg article on the subject, click here

The post Google’s AI Can Now Predict Death With 95% Accuracy first appeared on The Digital Beyond.

The importance of remembering lost loved ones in a tangible way has always been a consistent part of the grieving process. Whether this involves looking through photos and emails, watching an old video or replaying their answering machine message, many people find solace in memorializing the deceased this way.

However, the surge in digital technology has opened the door to other, unique ways to remember. Many companies and organizations saw an opportunity here, a few including, Luka, Lyrebird and MIT Media Lab, have begun to experiment with “digital resurrection technology”. Researchers are taking a person’s email and text message data to generate chatbots that closely replicate the conversation and messaging style of the dead individual. Thus, people can feel like they are texting and having back and forth conversations with their dead husband, sister, child etc. In the future, scientists hope to capture all a person’s online data (social media posts, pictures, videos, emails, texts, emojis, comments…any cyberspace activity) to more accurately reflect the person’s essence and personality, down to their values, opinions and beliefs.

And the future doesn’t stop there. Companies are also considering the power of virtual reality – using this online data collection to create virtual replicas of people. With VR, people could sit out on their patio, enjoy a nice dinner or watch a movie with their deceased relative or friend. By using a bodysuit and gloves with sensors and actuators, it may even be possible to physically interact with these people, aside from just conversing with them.

Bruce Duncan, managing director of a nonprofit that promotes digital resurrections, Terasem Movement Foundation, handles one of the world’s most advanced social robots, Bina48. Bina48 was modeled after the real woman Bina Aspen, after 100s of hours of compiling her memories, feelings and beliefs. This has the potential to bring virtual reality, to (almost) reality.

Supporters of these advanced grieving and memorializing technologies say that they will aid the grieving process as it will bring added comfort and people already engage in similar grieving processes on a less “techy” scale. On the other hand, a lot of people think they are far too creepy and will likely intensify feelings of sadness, loneliness and loss – ultimately preventing survivors from moving on.

The post Digital Resurrections and Advanced Grieving Technologies on the Horizon first appeared on The Digital Beyond.

The digital age has brought many new adaptations to the way humans experience the world, one powerful shift is how this era has reshaped death in our society. While there are varying views on the pros and cons of this shift, we are going to touch on three benefits technology welcomed into the death space:

1. A Community to Connect With: While this point remains subjective to individual preference, the internet has created a meaningful space for like-minded individuals to gather and grow. From sharing stories, gaining knowledge, finding synergy and embracing compassion from others around the world, the internet has given solace to many who find grieving and connecting in this way beneficial. Terminal illness blogs, hospice and palliative care forums, grief podcasts, caregiver communities and bereavement Facebook groups are all powerful spaces where people that are open to it, can grieve, discuss and let go in a safe, communal environment from anywhere and with anyone.
2. Online Death Planning: The digital era has brought simplicity and efficiency to the often disgruntling task of planning for our own demise. Now instead of spending hours writing out a will and figuring out your advance directive on someone else’s time, there are a growing number of online estate, financial and funeral planning tools that allow you to work on this from your own home. While many people still prefer to sit down with an expert in person, the digital age makes these tools available to those who either couldn’t afford or were too unbothered to take care of these important decisions before.
3. A Death Positive Movement: While we often don’t care to admit it, we are all mortal. But many of us as humans choose to ignore this ever present fact. The digital era opens up new ways to educate, communicate and familiarize people with death. This death-positive movement is slowly gaining traction in the deep depths of the internet and will hopefully allow us to begin to talk openly and honestly about this vital topic.

The post How the digital age has changed our experience with death…(3 benefits) first appeared on The Digital Beyond.

Reaching out for emotional support to whoever is willing to listen is a natural response when tragedy bares its ugly head. As the landscape of how we communicate with each other shifts towards online interaction, it should be no surprise that more and more people seek counsel for their grief online. This wave of people finding comfort online is evidenced by the many grief forums and chat rooms that have emerged within the last ten years. Facebook is another online platform which is a top destination for people to find solace in their pain. While many people end up at grief forums and Facebook to find help, these platforms are very different from each other. Just because one platform has helped people reconcile their sadness does not mean it is the perfect fit for everybody.

A Look at Grief Forums

Grief forums such as Web Healing and The Light Beyond are active communities of people who joined the community because they are dealing with the heavy burden of grief, or they are supporting others who are dealing with grief. Anyone can make a profile and begin posting on these forums. All forums are broken down into categories based on topics in order to foster more focused discussions on the specific topics, as well as helping members navigate the forum better. The 5 most common categories include the loss of a parent, child, spouse/partner, pet, and loss to suicide.

What is even more fascinating is the specificity of some of these forums. For example, Mom’s Halo is a support forum for people who have lost their mother. Parents of Murdered Children is another explicitly specific forum. All forums are moderated by someone to ensure no abusive language occurs and to maintain the quality of the forums’ content. These safeguards create a safe and supportive place for people to reveal what they are going through without fear of judgment that comes with confiding in family and friends. This can be done anonymously, or you can use your actual name. Confiding with someone close to you is important in overcoming sorrow and healing, however, many people feel more comfortable cathartically expressing themselves to people(s) who are not in their circle of friends and family. Normally this anonymity is reserved for people who can afford therapy sessions with a therapist, but with the advent of the internet, more and more people are going online to seek support and advice.

After spending some time in any populated grief forum, it is very apparent that many people are very active in engaging with others on the forum. Most forums show how many comments a member has posted on the forum. This feature reveals that many people on these forums have hundreds, if not thousands of comments which indicates that many people choose to stay on these forums to offer support and talk with other people going through similar tragedy. While most of the people on forums are not licensed therapists, they have been through a similar tragedy and can offer helpful support. Since virtually everybody on these forums are complete strangers, the advice comes from an unbiased perspective.

Dealing with Grief on Facebook

Social media has made it possible to contact your entire network of friends and family with a single click. With Facebook, this accessibility is accompanied by an audience consisting of family and friends. The social nature of Facebook is what makes it so appealing. Everybody grieves in their own way. Everybody responds differently to difficult situations as well. Some people work through grief by communicating with others and through social contact, while other people may prefer some isolation to be alone with their thoughts and emotions. There really is no one size fits all solution for grief. In fact, a whole branch of psychology is dedicated to unraveling the mechanisms that form the emotion of grief. This should illustrate just how complex of an emotion it is.

An aspect that stands out with Facebook is the connectivity it brings to the table. Whenever a tragedy strikes, people will almost always band together on social media. This comes in many forms, such as when an unexpected death strikes a small town and the whole community bands together online. This unifying force can also be seen on the national level. When the musician Prince died in 2016 from a drug overdose, it stirred an outcry for nationwide drug rehabilitation reform. Shedding the public spotlight on this controversial subject may not have been possible without the overflow of national attention using Facebook and other social media platforms as the catalyst.

Grieving in the Age of Social Media goes into more depth about the positives and negatives of sharing your grievances online.

Some people are suited better for one medium of communication rather than another. Ultimately, where you choose to grieve is less important than how you grieve. If you ever find yourself overshadowed by grief never be afraid to talk to a therapist. Don’t let the feeling or embarrassment from others keep you from seeking help and recovering.

Author Bio:

Sarah Giavanio works at Safe Passage Urns, a company dedicated to providing the best information for funeral planning and selling one-of-a-kind cremation urns to memorialize a loved one. Our company is very mindful of the environmental impact we invoke which is why starting in September of 2018 we will be planting a tree for every single urn sold, to help offset our environmental impact.

The post Reaching Out for Support on Facebook vs Grief Forums first appeared on The Digital Beyond.

There’s a lot of documentation that goes into planning for you or a loved one’s death, and sometimes the details of it are complicated to sift through…a common confusion we hear about is a will vs. a living will. Put simply, a Last Will and Testament states what will happen to your assets, property and minor children after you die. Whereas a living will dictates your personal wishes concerning medical treatments while you are still alive, but possibly unable to express these wishes. Let’s break down the details below:

Will

A will gives you the choice of what happens to your property and possessions after you pass away. With this legal document, you can appoint an executor to settle your final affairs, They will ensure your beneficiaries (heirs listed in your will) receive their inheritance. You will also decide how your property will be allotted and who will raise your children in the incident both you and your spouse are unable to care for them.

Creating a will is very important as dying without one means State laws decide how your assets are distributed and handled – including your young children. (It may not be to you or your family’s liking!). When making your own will, you are also able to structure it wisely to help avoid certain estate taxes, protect your beneficiaries from creditors and space out the distribution as you see fit. A Will only goes into effect after a person has died, it can be edited, changed and adapted up until that point.

Living Will

On the other hand, a living will memorializes your health care preferences so that those making these decisions is aware of what you want done if you are unable to make these choices. Decisions that arise when crafting a living will include: choosing whether or not you would like to be kept on life support if there is no hope of recovery, and what level of care and support you would like to receive if you fall into a coma or a severe accident occurs. It tends to be limited to medical wishes regarding: a terminal illness, an injury, or permanent unconsciousness.

As you can imagine, it is hard to foresee every possibility that may arise. Therefore, you may choose to prepare a health care proxy which grants a trusted individual permission to make health care decisions on your behalf. They can use the living will as a guide when making these choices in order to best interpret what you would want in the situations.

The post Will vs. Living Will – what’s the difference? first appeared on The Digital Beyond.

A common topic discussed here on the Digital Beyond is people’s digital legacies…what we knowingly leave behind, and what we, well, unknowingly leave. With social media’s presence only growing in recent years it has become more commonplace to question what happens to your social media accounts when you die. While we covered this topic in the past, there exist relevant changes and updates necessary to share with you all.

What happens to your Facebook account when you die?

Ah, the mother of all social media – Facebook. Facebook has been adapting to cater to our imminent departure by now allowing users to select in advance whether they would like to have their account memorialized or permanently deleted.

Memorialized Accounts:

Memorialized accounts create a space where friends and family can share stories, photos or memories – ‘Remembering’ is shown next to the users name on memorialized accounts. Once an account is memorialized, content the person shared is still visible on Facebook to the audience it was originally shared with, however; the user’s profile will not show up in public spaces such as people you may know, ads or birthday reminders.

Permanently Deleted Accounts:

If you would like your Facebook profile and all its contents to disappear along with you, simply request to have your account permanently deleted if you pass away. Just follow the instructions below:

• “From the top right of Facebook, click and select Settings

• From the left menu, click General

• Click Manage Account

• Click Request account deletion and follow the on-screen instructions”

Legacy Contact:

Facebook now allows users to choose a legacy contact, which is a person chosen to look after your account after it has become a memorial page. The legacy contact can respond to friend requests, change the profile and cover photo, as well as request removal or the account. Don’t worry though, they cannot log into your actual account, read your messages, or change or remove posts, photos or other things you have shared in the past. All secrets (on Facebook at least) should be safe! The FAQ concerning this topic also mentions that they may be adding additional capabilities for legacy contacts in the future.

Facebook Data:

If you are interested in having a copy of your Facebook data, you can into your General Account Settings and download a copy of your Facebook data at anytime. In addition, when selecting your legacy contact you can give them permission to download a copy of what you have shared on Facebook as well.

Didn’t Plan in Advance?

The days when your Facebook’s fate lay in the hands of others are long gone, so if you want a say in what happens, it is quite simple to go into Facebook and make your selection at any time. However, if you or someone you know, did not plan in advance, someone can report a profile to be memorialized, or verified immediate family members can request removal of a loved one’s account. Instructions and forms can be found here.

What happens to your Twitter account when you die?

While Facebook appears to be adapting and redesigning their platform with death in mind. Twitter does not seem to have made many (if any) changes in the past few years.

Contacting Twitter about a deceased family member’s account:

In the event of someone’s death, Twitter will work with an individual who is “authorized to act on behalf of the estate, or with a verified immediate family member of the deceased to have an account deactivated.”

When requesting removal of a deceased user’s account you will be asked to provide the following information:

• Deceased user’s Twitter account username and full name of the account owner

• Relationship to user

• Your full name

• Email address

After submitting a request, Twitter will send an email asking you to provide more details, including information about the deceased, a copy of your ID, and a copy of the deceased’s death certificate.

Contacting Twitter about media concerning a deceased family member:

Twitter makes a note that they are unable to give account access to anyone regardless of their relationship to the user. Loved ones are able to request the removal of images or video of deceased individuals, from the point of when a critical injury occurs to the moments before or after their death. These requests are considered in the light of public interest factors including the newsworthiness of the media and they cannot honor every request made.

What happens to your Instagram account when you die?

Instagram’s policy on accounts of the deceased aligns closely to that of its parent company, Facebook. Users’ accounts can either be memorialized or removed. However, there exists one big difference between Facebook and Instagram – while Facebook now allows users to choose which of these options they prefer before they die – Instagram does not. Thus the decision of what happens to your Instagram (and your picture-perfect selfies) is out of your hands.

If you see an Instagram account of a deceased person (or you happen to be that deceased person), the account can be reported to Instagram for memorialization. Immediate family members are also able to request the account be deleted.

Memorializing Instagram accounts:

Instagram will memorialize accounts upon receiving a valid request. They require ‘proof of death, such as a link to an obituary or a news article’ in order to proceed with the memorialization – fill out this short form to make the request. Some key features of a memorialized account include:

• “ Instagram doesn’t allow anyone to log into a memorialized account.

• The profile of a memorialized account doesn’t appear differently from an account that hasn’t been memorialized.

• Memorialized accounts can’t be changed in any way. This includes changes to likes, followers, tags, posts and comments.

• Posts the deceased person shared, including photos and videos, stay on Instagram and are visible to the audience they were shared with.

• Memorialized accounts don’t appear in public spaces, like people’s Explore section.”

– Instagram

Removing Instagram Accounts:

Only verified immediate family members are able to make a request for removal of the account. Upon submitting a deletion request, Instagram requires individuals present proof of immediate family relation, which could include the following: deceased person’s birth certificate, deceased person’s death certificate or “proof of authority under local law that you are the lawful representative of the deceased person, or their estate.

Follow this link in order to submit a request for deletion.

What happens to your LinkedIn account when you die?

LinkedIn has not made too many strides in the past few years to update their policy on deceased LinkedIn member’s accounts – their help page has not been updated since November 2014. However, their policy is quite simple and straightforward.

If you know someone or come across a profile of an individual who has passed away, LinkedIn simply asks that you gather the following information:

• Member’s Name and URL to their LinkedIn profile
• The relationship to have to the deceased
• Member’s email address
• Date the individual passed away
• Link to an obituary
• Company they were most recently working for

SImply fill out this form to submit to LinkedIn, and they will be in touch shortly. The only option here is account deletion, there will be no way to download or recover the person’s connections or data unless someone has their username and password on hand.

What happens to your Snapchat account when you die?

After some digging to try and tell you all what happens your Snapchat account when you die the answer is non-existent. Nowhere on their site or FAQ do they have any instruction for what steps to take. Therefore, the only way to be in charge of your Snapchat afterlife would be to provide someone or leave your login information somewhere and request they go in and delete the account.

Deleting Snapchat Accounts

First, log into Snapchat here, https://support.snapchat.com/delete-account with the person’s username and password (which is the Snapchat accounts deletion page).Then simply check the box confirming you are not a robot, click submit, re-enter the username and password and click continue. After following these steps an account is deactivated for 30 days, which involves individuals not being able to interact in any way with the person on Snapchat. Then after the 30 days, the account will be permanently deleted.

The post What Happens to your Social Media accounts when you die? – Our 2018 update first appeared on The Digital Beyond.

By Daniel Tannenbaum

The growth of the Internet has brought about a lot of new terms associated with digital and death. This includes things like memory giving, digital assets and digital legacy. One thing that is not commonly discussed is the role of digital liabilities. For instance, we all have a lot of regular standing orders, direct debits and subscriptions that we pay for. But if we died tomorrow, who would cancel them? Who even knows about them? Could payments continue leaving our accounts for several years to come, eventually bankrupting us? Daniel Tannenbaum from Perfect Funeral Plans investigates.

Where is our money going?

 We live in a consumer and material world. We love our Netflix, our gym memberships and our Graze boxes that send us treats in the post every week. But this all comes at a cost. In fact, research shows that the average American spends $857 per month on subscriptions and regular monthly payments including mobile phone bills, car insurance, health insurance and TV subscriptions like cable.

Not to mention your gym membership which can be anywhere from $50 to $150 per month and there is also going to be subscriptions that no one else would know about. Does my partner care that I pay $15 a month for World of Warcraft?

The issue with these subscriptions is what happens when you die. No doubt your main debtors will be contacted like your mortgage provider and bank, but for smaller subscriptions that have millions of customers, they probably aren’t going to know if you have passed away and your next of kin may not even know about them. Whilst we won’t have any use for our savings and income, we will certainly want to pass them onto our loved ones, families and maybe even charities of choice.

As a digital entrepreneur, I run a few websites and have a few Google Adwords campaigns running at any given point. Currently, I’m the only one with access to the accounts and am spending hundreds of dollars per month. If these accounts were not canceled, my life savings could realistically be wiped up in under a year.

A breakdown of costs per month

Health insurance – $222

Media – $150 incl. Netflix, video games, and cable

Car insurance – $125

Gym membership – $100

Graze box – $13.99

Could you be earning money after you die?

On the flipside, what about any money you could earn after you die? Again, there are likely to be things that your spouses wouldn’t take an interest in. Maybe you were selling lots of items on eBay, invested in stocks, bonds or cryptocurrencies with the plans that one day they would be worth something. Failing to tell anyone about it or leave a trace means that potential earnings will be lost too.

There have been stories about people that were early investors into cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin but have forgotten their logins or since passed away, and currently, thousands of dollars are sitting there unclaimed.

How to protect your digital liabilities

Realistically, you need to find one to two people who you really trust with your finances. This is typically your spouse, parent or sibling. In some cases, this could be your solicitor who has organized your will. You need to create a very clear list of your monthly liabilities and include a login, username, and password for each.

In the sad event that you may pass away, you don’t want your loved ones to rummage through old bank statements trying to figure out what money is coming in and out. Having one clear list on Google Docs, on paper or on email somewhere means that your next of kin can quickly bring it up and cancel any accounts quickly.

Similarly, they could have access to your investment portfolio or anything else that could make money in the future and still reap the benefits of it for years to come. This is something that could be clearly stated in you will and is a good step to managing your digital liabilities effectively.

The post Do You Have Digital Liabilities? first appeared on The Digital Beyond.

In 2010 my friends Nathan Lustig and Jesse Davis (founders of Entrustet, which was later acquired by SecureSafe) used data from Facebook and the Centers for Disease Control to estimate the number of Facebook users who would pass away in 2010. They updated these numbers in January 2011 and Nathan updated them again in June 2012. I picked up the task in January 2016 upon the request of a major news organization.

Another recent media query prompted me to revisit these numbers and provide new ones for 2018.

Here are the numbers as reported by Nathan and Jesse:

June 2010

Total 2010 U.S. Facebook Deaths: 385,968

January 2011

Total 2011 U.S. Facebook Deaths: 408,000

June 2012

Total 2012 U.S. Facebook Deaths: 580,000

Note: Nathan posted the total numbers, but did not post a table.

January 2016

Total 2016 U.S. Facebook Deaths: 972,000

My first analysis is from January 2016, where I attempted to follow Nathan and Jesse’s process as closely as possible.

January 2016

Total 2016 U.S. Facebook Deaths: 972,000

Finally, this is my updated table for 2018.

January 2018

Total 2018 U.S. Facebook Deaths: 1.7 Million

Note: 2018 numbers use the latest CDC Multiple Cause-of-Death Data File, which was published in November 2017 and based on 2015 annual data. Facebook user data was obtained via Facebook Ad Manager. Note that Facebook numbers reflect potential advertising reach for and do not reflect the total population of users. The author believes that the potential reach numbers are lower than the actual population, which means these death estimates are conservative numbers.

The post 1.7 Million U.S. Facebook Users Will Pass Away in 2018 first appeared on The Digital Beyond.