R4D Social Exclusion

New Crosscutting Disability with Poverty Research Programme

Mon, 02 Nov 2009 01:00:00 GMT

A new DFID-funded research programme seeks to provide evidence on how disability interacts with other factors influencing poverty.

Ten years of 'war against poverty': what have we learned since 2000 and what should we do 2010-2020?

Thu, 29 Oct 2009 01:00:00 GMT

The Chronic Poverty Research Centre (CPRC) is calling for papers on poverty research for presentation at an international conference in Manchester, 8-10 September 2010

DFID plans new Research Programme Consortia on Effective and Fragile States, and Taxation

Mon, 26 Oct 2009 01:00:00 GMT

Expression of Interests are sought for service providers of four new DFID Research Programme Consortia on the themes of 'Effective' and 'Fragile' states, and on taxation

This is Open Access Week

Mon, 19 Oct 2009 01:00:00 GMT

This week, 19-23 October 2009, is the first International Open Access Week, which aims to broaden awareness and understanding of Open Access.

School exclusion as social exclusion: the basic education policy origins of adverse incorporation and social exclusion in Bangladesh. CPRC Working Paper No. 148

Fri, 28 Aug 2009 11:16:00 GMT

Miscellaneous N. Hossain 2009 CPRC Working Paper No. 142, Chronic Poverty Research Centre, London, UK, ISBN: 978-1-906433-50-5, 25 pp. Policies to expand basic schooling in Bangladesh have generally fit well with popular desires and preferences for upward mobility through education. But as Bangladeshi society becomes increasingly educated, the sizeable minority persistently excluded from school are experiencing new processes of adverse incorporation and social exclusion: economic opportunity, social and political participation and citizen engagement with the state increasingly depend on the acquisition of formal schooling. This paper explores the efforts of government to interrupt the intergenerational transmission of poverty. It focuses on the practices and effects of the Primary Education Stipend Programme, a conditional cash transfer designed to attract the rural poor into school. It documents how the objects of policy rural poor children and parents - are seen by the state, and the sightings of the state they in turn receive. It also analyses the tools and technologies of the intervention, focusing on its targeting practices. It concludes that the failure of the programme to significantly increase educational access among the rural poor reflects how the tools and techniques of the intervention encode and recreate class and social distinctions, as well as administrative views on child labour and childrens rights that are sympathetic to poor parents. These distinctions and views shape implementation on the ground, so that the programme is in practice only weakly disciplinary in its efforts to educate the rural poor.

CRISE Annual Report 2007-2008

Fri, 28 Aug 2009 10:00:00 GMT

Miscellaneous CRISE 2008 Centre for Research on Inequality, Human Security and Ethnicity (CRISE), Department of International Development, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, 26 pp.

This document reports on the fifth year of CRISE's existence. Major achievements in 2007-8 include:

Publication of a book covering the major findings to date
Forty-four Working Papers are now available online, thirteen having been added in 2007-8, and a further ten are currently being edited
Six policy conferences held in three regions, including Conflict Prevention and Peaceful Development: Policies to Reduce Inequalities and Exclusion (Oxford, July 2007), which attracted 65 participants from 15 countries
A successful bid to DFID for a year's extension funding, and pledges of additional funding from the Ford Foundation (US$ 200,000) and AusAID (AUS$ 354,300)

Annexes appended to this report include:
Annex 1a - CRISE Management Meetings (2007-8)
Annex 1b - CRISE CARG Meeting, Oxford, 8 October 2007
Annex 2a - Persistence of Inequalities Workshop, Oxford, 4 April 2008
Annex 2b - West African capacity building events, August-December 2007
Annex 3a - CRISE publications (April 2008)
Annex 3b - Horizontal Inequalities and Conflict Table of contents
Annex 4 - CRISE seminar series 2007-8
Annex 5 - CRISE team
Annex 6 - Logical framework
Annex 7 - Regional research project summaries
Annex 8 - Financial summary for year 5
Annex 9 - CRISE budget for April 2008-September 2009

DFID releases a new project database

Fri, 21 Aug 2009 01:00:00 GMT

Information about projects funded by DFID, ranging from emergency aid for countries affected by conflict or humanitarian crises, to ongoing support to improve health, education and sanitation in the poorest countries, is now available online.

Educating for Exclusion in Western China: structural and institutional dimensions of conflict in the Tibetan areas of Qinghai and Tibet

Tue, 04 Aug 2009 14:16:00 GMT

Miscellaneous A. M. Fischer 2009 CRISE Working Paper No. 69, 38 pp. This paper examines the conflictive repercussions of exclusionary processes in the Tibetan areas of western China, with a focus on Qinghai Province and the Tibet Autonomous Region. In both provinces, the implementation of competitive labour market reforms within a context of severe educational inequalities is argued to have accentuated exclusionary dynamics along linguistic, cultural and political modes of bias despite rapid urban-centred economic growth and increasing school enrolments since the mid-1990s. These modes of bias operate not only at lower strata of the labour hierarchy but also at upper strata. The resultant ethnically exclusionary dynamics, particularly in upper strata, offer important insights into conflictive tensions in the region. At a more theoretical level, these insights suggest that exclusion needs to be differentiated from poverty (even relative poverty) given that exclusionary processes can occur vertically throughout social hierarchies and can even intensify with movements out of poverty. Indeed, the most politically contentious exclusions are often those that occur among relatively elite and/or upwardly aspiring sections of a population. Therefore, the methodological challenge that faces studies of exclusion (as with the horizontal inequality approach) is to find ways of measuring structural asymmetries and disjunctures and institutional modes of integration that move beyond either absolute measures, as per mainstream human development approaches, or relative measures, given that both are only capable of identifying potential exclusions occurring at the bottom of a social hierarchy.

DFID seeks applications for three posts in the Research Uptake Team

Tue, 21 Jul 2009 01:00:00 GMT

DFID is seeking to fill three posts in the Research Uptake team within the Policy and Research Directorate - Team Leader and two Research Evidence Brokers

Social policy in development contexts. Final Research Report.

Mon, 20 Jul 2009 13:02:00 GMT

Miscellaneous G. Wood and I. Gough 2001 19 pp. Two categories of outputs from the project are reported on:

1. Insecurity and Welfare Regimes in Developing Countries: East Asia, Latin America, Africa and Bangladesh, together with models of multi-tiered welfare systems on a regional and international basis.

2. Securing Development- Exclusion, Adverse Incorporation and Security Strategies: social exclusion; generational bargains; vulnerability and coping; insecurity and search for security; clientelism and governance; institutional responsibility; social rights, citizenship and correlative duties; de-commodification for development.

Educational access in India.

Wed, 17 Jun 2009 09:03:00 GMT

Miscellaneous Consortium for Research on Educational Access, Transitions and Equity 2009 CREATE Country Policy Brief, 4 pp. This Policy Brief describes and explains patterns of access to schools in India. It outlines policy and legislation on access to education and provides an analysis of access, vulnerability and exclusion. The quantitative data is supported by a review of research which explains the patterns of access and exclusion. It is based on findings from the Country Analytic Report on Access to Basic Education in India (Govinda and Bandyopadhyay, 2008), accessible on R4D here.

COPLA website

Thu, 11 Jun 2009 11:33:00 GMT

Miscellaneous COPLA 2007 Comercio y Pobreza en Latino América (COPLA) is a 2-year project funded by the UK Department for International Development. It explores the linkages between trade, poverty and social exclusion. Although there is an active debate in the region on the relationship between trade liberalisation on poverty, little attention has been paid to the different impacts on marginalised groups, whether they be women, youth, indigenous minorities or the rural poor. The COPLA website includes published outputs of the project, resources from COPLA partners, and links to COPLA information on YouTube, Twitter and Flickr.

Adverse incorporation and social inclusion. CPRC Research Summary 7.

Thu, 12 Mar 2009 15:01:00 GMT

Miscellaneous S. Hickey 2008 CPRC Research Summary No. 7, Chronic Poverty Research Centre, London, UK, 8 pp. Despite some advances, the notions of 'adverse incorporation' and 'social exclusion' (AISE) remain somewhat marginal to the mainstream of poverty analysis, and framing poverty debates in these ways remains a contested activity. In Alice O'Connor's (2006) terms, such work falls more under the heading of 'knowledge about poverty' rather than 'poverty knowledge'. For example, although the presence of panel datasets and vulnerability assessments within poor countries are growing, as is the extent to which they inform the poverty diagnostics used to underpin development policy-making (such as poverty reduction strategy papers), this is only rarely the case for concepts associated with AISE. The increasingly strong and multi-dimensional datasets that exist are rarely translated into indices of social exclusion, and even the more progressive international agencies have abandoned initial attempts to index poverty problems in terms of social exclusion (UNDP, 1998). Within the more theoretical domains of development sstudies, concerns remain that the concept is an inherently 'western' one, unsuited to the realities of countries where mass poverty is the norm rather than the exception.

Nonetheless, an increasingly large space both discursive and institutional is emerging in international development within which such ideas can and have taken root. A key shift involves the apparently growing acceptance that persistent poverty needs to be thought about in relational terms, rather than as a straightforward absence of assets (Green, 2006; Harriss, 2007). Chronic poverty research has to some extent helped to enable this shift, by giving space to such discussions of relational poverty and also because the insistence that much poverty persists over prolonged periods strongly suggests that structural and relational forces are at play. Starting with this particular contribution, this summary outlines some of the key insights that can emerge when the optic of AISE research is used to explore chronic poverty, before briefly suggesting what this might mean for thinking and acting around chronic poverty.

This research summary was presented at the Social Protection for the Poorest in Africa - Learning from Experience, Entebbe, Uganda, 8-10 September 2008.

The Making of the New Urban Poor in Transitional China: Market Versus Institutionally Based Exclusion.

Wed, 11 Mar 2009 15:59:00 GMT

Miscellaneous Yuting Liu, Fulong Wu, Shenjing He 2008 Urban Geography,Bellwether Publishing, Ltd., ISSN 0272-3638, Volume 29, Number 8, 811-834 [doi:10.2747/0272-3638.29.8.811] Market transition excludes a great number of industrial workers from former state-owned enterprises from the newly established labour market. On the other hand, the market economy absorbs millions of rural migrants into the cities. But the institution of household registration discriminates against migrants in public services. Although there is a noticeable problem of urban poverty in China, this article argues that there is no unified poverty caused by a single mechanism. Our study contrasts two poverty groups and compares their characteristics. It is found that the migrant poor tend to be younger with lower educational attainment but with a very high job participation rate, and live predominantly in private rental housing. The poor in permanently registered households are older and thus suffer the risk of market redundancy, but mainly stay in public or ex-public housing with less residential mobility. These features reflect their different connections to the market and institutional exclusion.

Urban pauperization under China's social exclusion: a case study of Nanjing.

Wed, 11 Mar 2009 15:06:00 GMT

Miscellaneous Yuting Liu, Shenjing He, Fulong Wu 2008 Journal of Urban Affairs, Volume 30, Issue 1, 21-36 [doi:10.1111/j.1467-9906.2007.00372.x] This article articulates how two new urban poverty groups, namely the new urban poor and poor rural migrants, are pauperized under China's social exclusion. We argue that the two poverty groups experience different pauperization processes and are subjected to distinctive social exclusions with relevance to their institutional-based status and changes in it. The urban poor experience status change from being beneficiaries of the planned economy to being victims of the market economy, and become a vulnerable group characterized by market exclusion and limited welfare dependency. The status of poor rural migrants changes from being institutionally inferior farmers in the planned economy to being a marginal group of urban society, which is now subjected to institutional exclusion and the resultant social exclusion. This research argues that positive social policies should be considered and a social security system should be established to pay more attention to the development issues of the urban poor.

Read the id21 Research Highlight:
Urban poverty in China is on the increase

Poverty and Education in Development Workshop Communique, University of East Anglia, 1st July 2008, Council House.

Thu, 26 Feb 2009 17:32:00 GMT

Miscellaneous E. Unterhalter 2008 Workshop report, Economic and Social Research Council, 3 pp. This one-day workshop explored relationships between education and poverty from a human development approach and a multidimensional understanding of poverty concerned with inequality, vulnerability, discrimination and social exclusion. The workshop was structured around four clusters of presentations and examined research evidence, research in progress, policy agendas and aspects of development practice. It viewed the dynamics of poverty and education through the lenses of literacy inequalities, economics and externalities, gender equality and cultural diversity. This communiqué captures some of the themes emerging from the discussion over the course of the day.

New Director at ODI

Fri, 20 Feb 2009 01:00:00 GMT

Alison Evans is announced as the new Director at the Overseas Development Institute.

Chronic Poverty and Aspirations Failures

Fri, 23 Jan 2009 09:13:00 GMT

Current Chronic poverty is not just a snapshot of those who are poor now, but a condition that requires an understanding of the processes that make, and keep, people poor. The economic analysis of chronic poverty must take into account the interaction between external circumstances and intrinsic psychological factors like aspirations, self-confidence and willpower. How do the extrinsic circumstances of individuals interact with their intrinsic motivation and choices? Traditional economic theory assumes that both extrinsic circumstances and psychological factors like aspirations are taken as given when individuals make choices. However, work by social scientists such as Appadurai (2004), on poverty traps and social exclusion would seem to indicate that the extrinsic circumstances of individuals impact on both intrinsic motivation and choices. This issue is clearly important for policy purposes: when should policy address the extrinsic circumstances of individuals (like initial wealth social status, health) and when should policy address the psychological factors (like aspirations, self-confidence, willpower) of individuals? What is the appropriate policy mix for alleviating chronic poverty? The basic objective will be to formulate and analyze a formal model of social interaction with multiple welfare-ranked equilibria and develop an equilibrium selection argument via adaptive, stochastic play which attaches to a specific social outcome a probability as a function of the initial distribution of extrinsic circumstances (wealth, social status) across individuals. The anticipated results will explain concerns such us: why structural poverty reduction must consider empowering of individuals, why some paternalistic policies have in general failed, why role models matter or why "small" institutional barriers that would appear insignificant in a cost benefit analysis must be taken into consideration to break a poverty trap. Main objective: to provide a new conceptual framework to understand the self-enforcing mechanisms underlying chronic poverty.
Sub-objectives:
1. to examine the formation of individual aspirations within the social interaction
2. to study the way in which external social conditions such us social exclusion, income and income distribution interact with individual aspirations.
3. to analyse the relationship between aspirations and choice.
4. to provide an integrated platform for evaluating the efficacy of policy initiatives to alleviate chronic poverty.
5. to understand when should policy address the psychological factors (like aspirations, self-confidence, willpower) of individuals and when should address their extrinsic circumstances? What is the appropriate policy mix for alleviating chronic poverty?

Gender, education and global poverty reduction initiatives.

Thu, 15 Jan 2009 12:24:00 GMT

Current The project aims to look at the way global policy on gender, schooling and poverty eradication articulated through the Millennium Development Goals and other policy statements emerging from UN organisations and international gatherings, are interpreted, whether they are put into action and the reasons for this. The proposed study is based on detailed case studies in Kenya and South Africa, where reforming governments have sought to address issues of poverty, gender and schooling. In these countries a vibrant civil society is active and often critical of government, sometimes drawing on global policy for support. The project is designed to explore how national and provincial education departments, national and local non-government organisations and a school community interpret policy on gender, schooling and poverty, the connections that are or are not made between global policy declaration and national, regional and local aspiration and action, the reasons for this and the processes that help and undermine work to take forward initiatives relating to gender, education and global poverty reduction. The case studies will be conducted in partnership with the government departments and NGOs and the proposed project is partly designed so that organisations can draw on the issues raised by the research study to enhance their own reflection on policy and practice and help heighten understanding of the process of global policy making and obligation across national boundaries. The objectives of the study are:
i) to examine in what ways global, national, regional and local ideas and actions regarding gender equality in education and poverty reduction connect and disconnect
ii) to explore relationships in bringing about change in policy and practice in the field of gender, education and poverty reduction
iii) to work with organizations at national, provincial and local level to examine how and why certain conditions, interpretations and actions regarding gender and education impact on poverty reduction and how to enhance policy, advocacy, debate, and implementation in this area.

Young Lives research highlights new challenges in poverty reduction

Thu, 27 Nov 2008 01:00:00 GMT

Midway findings on child poverty and poverty reduction policies are now available from the DFID-funded Young Lives research programme

DFID seeks new Head of Research

Fri, 29 Aug 2008 01:00:00 GMT

The Department for International Development (DFID) is inviting applications for the post of Head of Research to implement its new Research Strategy

DFID seeks research fellows to design and execute research programmes

Wed, 20 Aug 2008 01:00:00 GMT

Notification of forthcoming appointment opportunities at the Department for International Development (DFID) for senior research fellows

Religions and Development Research Programme Consortium (RaD)

Wed, 06 Feb 2008 09:14:00 GMT

Current Research will be based in comparative analysis of world faiths (especially Christianity, Islam and Hinduism, but also Buddhism, Sikhism and traditional belief systems) across Africa and Asia, with a focus on Nigeria, Tanzania, India and Pakistan. Select additional cases will enrich the research's international comparative dimensions. Engagement with international agencies, governments and non-governmental users, especially faith groups, at international, national and local levels, will drive the research, provide audiences for the findings and create opportunities for outputs to ease dialogue and collaboration.

Director: Professor Carole Rakodi Through interdisciplinary research, the RPC will develop the shared concepts and analytical tools currently lacked, in order to improve understanding of relationships between faiths and development. It will enable positive dialogue between development partners to facilitate achievement of development goals, especially the MDGs. Interconnected projects will generate new knowledge on·relationships between
* religious values and beliefs and development concepts and practices, including perceptions of well-being and attitudes to corruption;
*faiths, governance and development, for example in Poverty Reduction Strategy processes, post-conflict development and movements for social change;
*the involvement of religious organisations in development activities and the delivery of services such as education and health care;
*religious transnationalism and development

Consortium for Research on Educational Access, Transitions and Equity (CREATE)

Wed, 09 Jan 2008 09:35:00 GMT

Current CREATE seeks to generate knowledge and insight to improve access to basic education and reduce poverty. It will achieve this through a programme of research, capacity building, and communication and dissemination with partners in Bangladesh, Ghana, India, South Africa, and the UK. Its activities are designed to support progress towards Education for All, feed directly into practice, inform reviews of progress towards the MDGs, and influence national and international policy. 1. CREATE has held two National conferences in Ghana (April/May 2008 and 2009) with Ministerial attendance from both old and new governments. The Ministry has co-published the CREATE Ghana Country Analytic Review at its expense. CREATE is cited several times in the 2008 Education Sector Performance Report and is advising on the 2009 ESPR. CREATE staff have appeared on TV and Radio to communicate key messages. Overage entry and age in grade slippage as a result of repletion are a serious problem under recognised in policy. They are a precursor to drop out and are especially harmful to girls chances of completing basic education. CREATE is analysing patterns and causes, raising the profile the issues, and sensitising policy makers and practitioners to the actions needed to reduce the problem.

2. CREATE has held two national conference in India at the National University of Educational Planning and Administration with attendance at Secretary level by the Government of India. A Country Analytic Review has been published and a series of monographs on thematic issues has been developed with six finalised and more planned. Empirical work is taking place in nearly 100 schools in three different areas. The issues that surround small schools are being highlighted by one strand of research. Over 80% of primary schools in India have three or less teachers though they have five grades. In most schools the curriculum remains monograde and multigrade strategies are rare. Experiments exist which address needs of small schools. One large scale intervention (Activity Based Learning (ABL) in Tamilnadu) addresses learning needs in small schools and within a multigrade environment. A Create tem member is likely to be involved in the evaluation of this programme.

3. Transition to secondary schooling is widely problematic. Expanded numbers leaving primary schools are leading to increasing pressure to expand secondary schooling to prevent transition rates falling. But in many countries secondary schooling is four or more times as expensive per child than primary schooling. This means that universal access is unaffordable especially if it is free to those from households below the second quintile of income. CREATE research is exploring issues of transition in the context of policy that seeks near universal levels of enrolment at affordable costs. The research includes that on fee free schooling in South Africa, capitation grants in Ghana, and the expansion of secondary schooling in India under the 11th Plan where CREATE is providing advice to the GoI Ministry of Human Resource Development. CREATE is closely engaged with the Secondary Education in Africa Programme of the World Bank (SEIA) and its Director has been the senior advisor to the programme on finance.

4. CREATE has over 20 formal Research Associates and more than 50 researchers associated with its activities. It has more than 15 Doctoral students working on access related themes including four Commonwealth scholars. It supports participation of both junior and senior researchers at national and international events where the work of CRETA is disseminated. This is a substantial contribution to capacity building as many of those involved will develop to become national research leaders.

5. CREATE presented in full plenary at the 16th Commonwealth Ministers meeting in Capetown in 2007 and will present again at the CCEM 17 in Kuala Lumpur. It also presented at CHOGM in Kampala in 2008 with Ministerial attendance. CREATE work was also presented in plenary at the Association for the Development of Education in Africa (ADEA) biennial in Maputo in 2008 which used the CREATE Zonal model of Access in the conference briefing note. CREATED staff have worked closely with the Global Monitoring Report team and one Partner (London International Development Centre) has hosted its last two UK launches. CREATE constructs are becoming widely known and include the Zones of Exclusion model, the expanded vision of access, age in grade progression, small schools and multigrade issues, transitions to post primary, silent exclusion, seasonality and access to education, analysis of supply and demand side constraints on access, the development of child seeking schools, the greater use of distributional targets linked to poverty, equity and meaningful learning.

Research into the extent and economic impact of uncorrected vision

Tue, 20 Nov 2007 00:00:00 GMT

Completed Research designed to generate robust data on the extent and economic and social impact of uncorrected vision through (i) a study of the extent and effects of uncorrected vision on participation and "drop-out" rates in adult literacy classes in Ghana; and (ii) a study of the extent and impact of uncorrected vision on textile factory workers in India The impact of vision deficiency has proven to be both an impediment to learning and a factor limiting workers' productivity. Informal qualitative research among textile workers after they were given spectacles suggests they were judged to impact favourably on quality of life. The factory management denied that uncorrected vision had ever led to unemployment although there is much anecdotal evidence that this is the case albeit not at the factory in this study. The research identified an extremely high incidence of uncorrected vision in both studies. 74% of the literacy learners needed vision correction rising to 92% amongst learners who had dropped-out. These figures exceeded the estimate of international literacy agencies that on average around 50% of learners need vision correction. 79% of the textile workers needed vision correction, mostly (75.2%) near vision correction for close work. The impact of uncorrected vision on productivity, employment and daily life requires further study.

A factsheet is available at http://www.kar-dht.org/pdf/d1.pdf

Gender Issues in Management of Water Projects

Tue, 20 Nov 2007 00:00:00 GMT

Completed Examine institutional and field level gender aspects of official and NGO water supply and sanitation project interventions in Nepal and North India. Identify and disseminate key interventions to promote effective and sustainable practical and strategic roles for women. Nepal: analysis of information from field work complete and written up as a Ph.D. thesis. Important findings show that the theoretical principles of participatory, gender sensitive approach espoused by writers and policy makers internationally, have not been translated into widespread effective practice in projects and programmes. Changes are needed at all levels. Two articles have been written as part of a local dissemination strategy. India: First phase of field work in Uttar Pradesh complete with initial analysis; second phase in Orissa is now drawing to a close. A national level workshop is planned as part of the local dissemination strategy. Its aim will be to present the study and bring together other related research.

Extension of project was awarded in order to carry out all the dissemination activities. These are due to be completed by September 2001.

Practical Guide to Mainstreaming Gender in Water Projects

Tue, 20 Nov 2007 00:00:00 GMT

Completed The differing needs for women, men and children have to be taken into account at all stages of the project cycle. Confining the analysis and action of the needs of women, men and children to a specialist member of staff can marginalize the issues. However, to ensure that they are fully integrated in projects and programmes, all the team members have to realise that the issues relating to women, men and children are their responsibility. Team members also need to know how they can meet the demands of different sectors of the community. Build on existing materials to provide and disseminate well focused practical tools to enable engineers and managers to incorporate gender issues effectively into the project cycle for water and sanitation and other infrastructural works. A paper was presented at the WEDC conference in Zambia, highlighting some of the issues that have arisen during this project. The workshop after the Conference mostly attracted gender specialists, confirming the difficulty of reaching the target audience of engineers and managers with gender topics. Trial training sessions have been carried out in Zambia (with WaterAid) and in the UK (with Medecins sans Frontieres, UNICEF and government staff from Nigeria, and WEDC MSc students). Discussions are being held with the authors of the KAR on emergency sanitation to ensure synergy between the projects.

Producing a final draft of the outputs, namely:
- The 5-10 page Summary Booklet
- The main Practical Guide, including an Appendix on Gender Tools
- Collected Case Studies (for self-training, and use in workshops)
- Training materials and trainer's guide

SOCIAL POLICY: WELL BEING CAPABILITIES AND RIGHTS, SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR

Tue, 20 Nov 2007 00:00:00 GMT

Completed The project involves two distinct projects, and four sub-projects. It also involves workshops designed to promote interaction between the two components of this project and between this project and others (undertaken by IDS, Sussex and University of Bath). 1) This project will investigate current developments in the UK and international codes of conduct and examine the extent to which procedures for establishing international standards are sufficiently flexible to meet the diverse interests and conditions that exist internationally. 2) This project will examine critically basic assumptions and concepts (and policy approaches) relating to i) the relationship between wellbeing and work; ii) wellbeing and health, specifically on issues of sexual and reproductive rights; and iii) practical social and development policy, both in the specific areas to be considered, and more generally. The work will rely largely on careful review of the

Concepts of Poverty

Tue, 20 Nov 2007 00:00:00 GMT

Completed Comparison of Theoretical Concepts of Poverty and Informational Losses in Adopting any one empirically. Conclusions to be drawn on nature of poverty, and the identification of the poor, for policy purposes.

Getting it Right: Poverty Knowledge and Policy Process

Tue, 20 Nov 2007 00:00:00 GMT

Current Exploration of knowledge and information generation, its use in the anti-poverty policy process and implications for increasing effectiveness.