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Apparatus and method for preparing multiple pH water streams

Patent Number: 8110089
Publication Date: 2012-02-07
Inventor: Mortensen, Craig A

The invention provides an improved method for creating at least two flows of water from a reactor, derived from substantially pH7 water, for various applications and having widely divergent pH readings between 2 and 14 without need for chemicals. In addition, the reactor generates said divergent flows without need of an RF or A/C ...

Implant and method for manufacturing same

Patent Number: 8110088
Publication Date: 2012-02-07
Inventors: Block, Bernd; Becher, Baerbel; Voegele, Robert; Decker, Patricia; Bayer, Ullrich

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an implant, in particular an intraluminal endoprosthesis, with a body containing metallic material, preferably iron. To control the degradation of the implant, the method comprises the following steps: a) preparing the body of the implant, and b) incorporating hydrogen into at least a portion of the structure of the implant body near the surface. Furthermore, such an implant is ...

Production of a structured hard chromium layer and production of a coating

Patent Number: 8110087
Publication Date: 2012-02-07
Inventors: Linde, Rudolf; Dürdoth, Stefan; Stuckert, Wolfgang

A method for producing a structured hard chromium layer, during which chromium from an electrolyte is deposited onto a workpiece, which contains: a) a Cr(VI) compound in a quantity corresponding to between 50 and 300 g/l of chromic anhydride; b) 0.5 g/l to 10 g/l sulfuric acid, and; c) 5 g/l to 15 g/l aliphatic sulfonic acid having 1 to 6 carbon atoms. The electrolyte comprises substantially no compounds from the group consisting of ammonium molybdate, alkaline molybdate, alkaline earth ...

Method of manufacturing a process chamber component having yttrium-aluminum coating

Patent Number: 8110086
Publication Date: 2012-02-07
Inventors: Xu, Li; Shih, Hong; Han, Nianci

A method of manufacturing a substrate processing chamber component comprises forming a chamber component comprising a metal alloy comprising yttrium and aluminum, and anodizing an exposed surface of the metal ...

Assisted deposition, narrow trench damascene process for manufacturing a write pole of a magnetic write head

Patent Number: 8110085
Publication Date: 2012-02-07
Inventors: Liu, Yinshi; Zheng, Yi; Hsiao, Wen-Chien David

A method for forming a magnetic write head using a damascene process that does not form voids in the magnetic structure. An opening is formed in an alumina layer, the opening being configured to define a trench. Then a first layer of magnetic material is deposited into the trench. A CMP process is then performed to remove any voids that have formed in the first magnetic layer. Then a second layer of magnetic material is deposited over the first layer of magnetic material. In another ...

Electrode characterized by highly adhering superficial catalytic layer

Patent Number: 8110084
Publication Date: 2012-02-07
Inventors: Faita, Giuseppe; Mojana, Corrado; Gestaut, Lawrence; Jacobo, Rubén Ornelas

The invention is relative to an electrode for gas evolution in electrolytic and electrometallurgical industrial applications, made of a metal substrate having a surface morphology characterized by a combination of micro-roughness and macro-roughness which favors high adherence of a superficial catalytic layer in order to prevent detachment of the same and passivation of the substrate even under critical operating ...

Method for measuring the concentration or change in concentration of a redox-active substance and corresponding device

Patent Number: 8105478
Publication Date: 2012-01-31
Inventors: Mund, Konrad; Gumbrecht, Walter; Barlag, Heike

In order to follow the change in concentration of a redox-active substance, potential suitable for a reducing process or oxidation process are applied to the working electrode of a measuring device. The potential of the working electrode is pulsed and measuring phases and relaxation phases are alternately produced, the pulse lengths of the measuring phase and relaxation phase being predetermined in a suitable manner. In this manner, a rapid relaxation of the concentration gradient is forced ...

System and method for electrochemical detection of biological compounds

Patent Number: 8105477
Publication Date: 2012-01-31
Inventors: Handique, Kalyan; Althaus, John S.; Namasivayam, Vijay; Brahmasandra, Sundaresh N.; Kyonghoon, Lee

The present invention relates to an electrochemical method for detecting a target polynucleotide. An electrode comprising an electrode surface is provided. The electrode surface includes at least one probe molecule reversibly immobilized with respect to the electrode surface. A first electrochemical signal indicative of an amount of probe molecule immobilized with respect to the electrode surface is obtained. The electrode surface is contacted with a liquid comprising the target ...

Integrated lancing and measurement device

Patent Number: 8105476
Publication Date: 2012-01-31
Inventors: Say, James; Heller, Adam; Feldman, Benjamin J.

An integrated lancing and measurement device is provided comprising a sensor designed to determine the amount and/or concentration of analyte in a biological fluid having a volume of less than about 1 μL. A piercing member is adapted to pierce and retract from a site on the patient to cause the fluid to flow therefrom, and the sensor is positioned adjacent to the site on the patient so as to receive the fluid flowing from the site to generate an electrical signal indicative of the ...

Apparatus and method for determining the composition of a material being examined

Patent Number: 8105475
Publication Date: 2012-01-31
Inventors: Bizzotto, Dan; Tixier, Sébastien

A method includes identifying first data associated with cyclic voltammetry measurements of a material being examined. The cyclic voltammetry measurements include applying a varying first voltage to the material and measuring a first current. The method also includes identifying second data associated with impedance measurements. The impedance measurements include applying a second voltage to the material and measuring a second current. The second data includes a scaling factor. The method ...

Photo-electro-refining of bio-oil to biofuel and hydrogen

Patent Number: 8105474
Publication Date: 2012-01-31
Inventor: Fan, Qinbai

An electrochemical device having a proton exchange membrane disposed between an anode electrode and a cathode electrode, an anode plate adjacent the anode electrode and forming at least one anode flow channel, and a cathode plate adjacent the cathode electrode and forming at least one cathode flow channel, in which a bio-oil is introduced into the at least one anode flow channel, and a carbohydrate is introduced into the at least one cathode flow channel. The bio-oil is oxidized at the ...

Production of satin metal surfaces

Patent Number: 8105473
Publication Date: 2012-01-31
Inventor: Franz, Wolf-Dieter

The invention relates to a galvanic metal coating with an adjustable satin gloss in which a matte Ni layer is deposited on a brilliant surface and is coated with a sulfamate Ni ...

Enhanced transparent conductive coatings and methods for making them

Patent Number: 8105472
Publication Date: 2012-01-31
Inventors: De La Vega, Fernando; Rottman, Claudio; Brodd, Jon; Garbar, Arkady

Transparent conductive coated devices (films, three dimensional objects and others) produced through coating with a nano metal containing emulsion which forms a conductive pattern with enhanced electrical, optical and other ...

Systems, devices, and methods for improving accuracy of biosensors using fill time

Patent Number: 8101065
Publication Date: 2012-01-24
Inventors: Chatelier, Ronald C.; Hodges, Alastair M.

Methods for determining a concentration of an analyte in a sample, and the devices and systems used in conjunction with the same, are provided herein. In one exemplary embodiment of a method for determining a concentration of an analyte in a sample, a sample including an analyte is provided in a sample analyzing device having a working and a counter electrode. An electric potential is applied between the electrodes and a fill time of the sample into the device is calculated. A concentration ...

Method of using a biosensor

Patent Number: 8101064
Publication Date: 2012-01-24
Inventors: Forrow, Nigel John; McTigue, Catherine Ann; Zhang, Xiang Cheng

A biosensor for determining the concentration of an analyte in a biological sample. The biosensor comprises a support, a reference electrode or a counter electrode or both disposed on the support, a working electrode disposed on the support, the working electrode spaced apart from the other electrode or electrodes on the support, a covering layer defining a sample chamber over the electrodes, an aperture in the covering layer for receiving a sample, and at least one layer of mesh in the ...

Method of measuring quantity of substrate

Patent Number: 8101063
Publication Date: 2012-01-24
Inventors: Tokuno, Yoshinobu; Miyazaki, Shoji; Tokunaga, Hiroyuki

A method of measuring a quantity of a substrate contained in sample liquid is provided. This method can reduce measurement errors caused by a biosensor. The biosensor includes at least a pair of electrodes on an insulating board and is inserted into a measuring device which includes a supporting section for supporting detachably the biosensor, plural connecting terminals to be coupled to the respective electrodes, and a driving power supply which applies a voltage to the respective ...

System and methods for determination of analyte concentration using time resolved amperometry

Patent Number: 8101062
Publication Date: 2012-01-24
Inventor: Deng, David

A method for determining a concentration of an analyte is disclosed. The method includes applying a potential excitation to a fluid sample containing an analyte and determining if a current decay curve associated with the fluid sample has entered an analyte depletion stage. The method also includes measuring a plurality of current values associated with the fluid sample during the analyte depletion stage and calculating an analyte concentration based on at least one of the plurality of ...

Material and device properties modification by electrochemical charge injection in the absence of contacting electrolyte for either local spatial or final states

Patent Number: 8101061
Publication Date: 2012-01-24
Inventors: Baughman, Ray Henry; Suh, Dong-Seok; Zakhidov, Anvar Abdulahadovic

In some embodiments, the present invention is directed to processes for the combination of injecting charge in a material electrochemically via non-faradaic (double-layer) charging, and retaining this charge and associated desirable properties changes when the electrolyte is removed. The present invention is also directed to compositions and applications using material property changes that are induced electrochemically by double-layer charging and retained during subsequent electrolyte ...

Methods and apparatuses for electrochemical-mechanical polishing

Patent Number: 8101060
Publication Date: 2012-01-24
Inventor: Lee, Whonchee

Methods and apparatuses for removing material from a microfeature workpiece are disclosed. In one embodiment, the microfeature workpiece is contacted with a polishing surface of a polishing medium, and is placed in electrical communication with first and second electrodes, at least one of which is spaced apart from the workpiece. A polishing liquid is disposed between the polishing surface and the workpiece and at least one of the workpiece and the polishing surface is moved relative to the ...

Methods of making titania nanostructures

Patent Number: 8101059
Publication Date: 2012-01-24
Inventor: Jayaraman, Shrisudersan

Electrochemical methods for making titanium oxide (TiO₂) nanostructures are described. The morphology of the nanostructures can be manipulated by controlling reaction parameters, for example, solution composition, applied voltage, and time. The methods can be used at ambient conditions, for example, room temperature and atmospheric pressure and use moderate electric potentials. The methods are scalable with a high degree of controllability and ...

Method for ultrasonic cleaning of a working electrode in electrochemical cell useful for automated trace metals measurement

Patent Number: 8097148
Publication Date: 2012-01-17
Inventor: Dietze, William T.

Methods for cleaning and regenerating a working electrode in an electrochemical cell; method for measuring the concentration of a metal in a liquid sample in an electrochemical cell having a working electrode, the method including a step for cleaning and/or regenerating the electrode; and an assembly having an ultrasonic device in sonic communication with an electrochemical ...

Method of measuring quantity of substrate

Patent Number: 8097147
Publication Date: 2012-01-17
Inventors: Tokuno, Yoshinobu; Miyazaki, Shoji; Tokunaga, Hiroyuki

Device and method for monitoring an electrochemical gas sensor

Patent Number: 8097146
Publication Date: 2012-01-17
Inventor: Smith, Patrick G.

An electrochemical gas sensor testing device that includes a test signal generator that generates a multiplexed signal that includes a first test signal that includes alternating current (AC) and is free from a direct current (DC) component and a second signal that includes a DC bias voltage, an electrochemical cell that includes a counter electrode, a sensing electrode, and an electrolyte, the counter electrode and the sensing electrode being in electrical communication with the ...

Method and apparatus for decontamination of fluid

Patent Number: 8097145
Publication Date: 2012-01-17
Inventors: Klose, Giselher; Polnicki, Andrew

The invention relates to methods and devices for the decontamination of fluid, particularly the removal of heavy metals and/or arsenic and/or their compounds from water, by means of electrolysis, wherein the water to be purified subjected to electrodes of different polarities. The invention can include means for control of the pH of the fluid. The invention can also include control systems that allow self-cleaning of electrodes, self-cleaning of filters, and automatic monitoring of ...

Aluminium electrowinning cell with enhanced crust

Patent Number: 8097144
Publication Date: 2012-01-17
Inventors: Nguyen, Thinh T.; Von Kaenel, René ; De Nora, Vittorio

A cell for the electrowinning of aluminium has a cavity for containing electrolyte (20) and one or more non emerging active anode bodies (5) that are suspended in the electrolyte. The electrolyte's surface (21,21′) has an expanse extending over the cavity and is substantially covered by a self-formed crust (25) of frozen electrolyte. The crust is mechanically reinforced by at least one preformed refractory body (30, 30′,30″). The electrolyte crust is ...

Plating method, light-transmitting electrically-conductive film and light-transmitting electromagnetic wave shield film

Patent Number: 8097143
Publication Date: 2012-01-17
Inventor: Fujita, Yoshihiro

A plating method comprising: continuously electroplating a surface of a film having a surface resistivity of from 1 to 1,000Ω/□ in a plurality of times, wherein the plurality of times are equally divided into a former half stage and a latter half stage, and wherein an average plating time of the former half stage of the electroplating step is shorter than an average plating time of the latter half stage of the electroplating step or an average plating voltage at the latter half stage of ...

High-throughput electrorefiner for recovery of U and U/TRU product from spent fuel

Patent Number: 8097142
Publication Date: 2012-01-17
Inventors: Willit, James L.; Williamson, Mark A.

The present invention provides a method of simultaneously removing uranium and transuranics from metallic nuclear fuel in an electrorefiner. In the method, a potential difference is established between an anode basket containing the fuel and a solid cathode of the electrorefiner, thereby creating a diffusion layer of uranium and transuranic ions at the solid cathode, a first current density at the anode basket, and a second current density at the solid cathode. The ratio of anode basket ...