tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-28851584249841704672024-03-05T20:31:14.183+08:00Makroekonomi STPMYeo KeeHuihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16400460709784945237noreply@blogger.comBlogger222125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2885158424984170467.post-79696559463686874392010-01-04T05:55:00.003+08:002010-01-22T07:13:01.229+08:00Rancangan Mengajar Tahunan Untuk T6 Atas Sesi 2010<center><table stye="border:1px solid black;" frame="box" rules="all" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" width="560"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" width="25%">Minggu</td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" width="25%">Tarikh</td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" width="50">Tajuk</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;">1</td><td style="text-align: center;">4-8 Jan<br /></td><td>Pembetulan Peperiksaan Akhir T6R 2009<br /></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;">2-6<br /></td><td style="text-align: center;">11 Jan-12 Feb<br /></td><td><span style="font-weight: bold;">Makroekonomi: Penawaran Wang Dalam Ekonomi<br /></span><span>Wang<br />Institusi Kewangan<br />Penciptaan Wang / Kredit<br />Wang, Harga, dan Aktiviti Ekonomi</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;">7<br /></td><td style="text-align: center;">15-22 Feb<br /></td><td><span style="font-weight: bold;">Tahun Baru Cina</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;">8-14<br />(Minggu 11 Cuti Pertengahan Penggal : 15-21 Mac)<br /></td><td style="text-align: center;">22 Feb - 9 April<br /></td><td><span style="font-weight: bold;">Makroekonomi: Masalah Makroekonomi & Dasar Penstabilan</span><br />Masalah Makroekonomi<br />Dasar Fiskal<br />Belanjawan Negara Malaysia<br />Dasar Kewangan<br />Langkah‐Langkah Untuk Mengatasi Masalah Makroekonomi<br /></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;">15-21<br /></td><td style="text-align: center;">12 April -28 Mei<br /></td><td><span style="font-weight: bold;">Makroekonomi: Perdagangan Antarabangsa</span><br />Alasan Perlunya Perdagangan Antarabangsa<br />Faedah Pengkhususan<br />Aliran Perdagangan Malaysia<br />Kadar Syarat Perdagangan<br />Sekatan Perdagangan Bebas</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;">22-24<br /></td><td style="text-align: center;">31 Mei -20 Jun<br /></td><td><span style="font-weight: bold;">CUTI PERTENGAHAN TAHUN</span></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;">25-28<br /></td><td style="text-align: center;">21 Jun - 16 Julai<br /></td><td><span style="font-weight: bold;">Makroekonomi: Kewangan Antarabangsa</span><br />Pengenalan<br />Imbangan Pembayaran : Konsep dan Komponen<br />Kadar Pertukaran Asing<br />Masalah Makroekonomi Dalam Ekonomi Terbuka & Dasar Kerajaan<br />Globalisasi</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;">29-32<br /></td><td style="text-align: center;">19 Julai - 13 Ogos<br /></td><td><span style="font-weight: bold;">Makroekonomi: Pertumbuhan Ekonomi</span><br />Pertumbuhan & Pembangunan Ekonomi<br />Perbandingan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Antara Negara<br />Faktor Mempengaruhi Pertumbuhan Ekonomi<br />Faktor Menghalang Pertumbuhan Ekonomi<br />Dasar Kerajaan untuk Mempercepat Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Malaysia<br /></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;">33-46<br /></td><td style="text-align: center;">16 Ogos - 19 Nov<br /></td><td><span style="font-weight: bold;">Makroekonomi: Persediaan Menjelang STPM</span><br />Pakej Ulangkaji<br />Pakej Kertas Model<br />Peperiksaan Percubaan<br />Pakej Pemulihan<br />Pakej Penambah baikan<br /></td></tr><tr align="center"><td colspan="3"><span style="font-weight: bold;">CUTI AKHIR TAHUN 2010</span><br /></td></tr></tbody></table></center>Yeo KeeHuihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16400460709784945237noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2885158424984170467.post-61164149332236659382009-01-24T06:20:00.002+08:002009-04-03T10:08:11.906+08:00Terangkan tiga langkah bagaimana dasar kewangan dapat mengatasi masalah inflasi dalam sesebuah ekonomi---[6]<div style="text-align: justify;">Langkah-langkah dasar kewangan untuk mengatasi masalah inflasi adalah dengan mengurangkan penawaran wang dan menaikkan kadar bunga di pasaran. Tiga daripadanya ialah:<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Menaikkan nisbah rizab berkanun</span><br />Semasa inflasi, bank pusat akan menaikkan nisbah rizab berkanun terhadap simpanan bank perdagangan di bank pusat. Ini menyebabkan keupayaan bank perdagangan untuk memberi pinjaman berkurang. Kuasa beli masyarakat akan berkurang dan permintaan agregat masyarakat turut berkurang. Maka, inflasi dapat diatasi.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Menaikkan kadar bank atau kadar diskaun</span><br />Semasa inflasi, bank pusat akan menaikkan kadar bank terhadap pinjaman yang diberikan kepada bank perdagangan. Apabila bank pusat menaikkan kadar bank, ini akan menyebabkan bank perdagangan menaikkan kadar bunga terhadap pinjaman orang ramai. Kadar bunga yang tinggi menyebabkan kos meminjam meningkat dan pinjaman akan berkurang. Perbelanjaan isi rumah turut berkurang. Maka, inflasi dapat diatasi.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Menjual surat jaminan kerajaan</span><br />Semasa inflasi, bank pusat akan menjual surat jaminan kerajaan kepada bank perdagangan dan orang ramai. Ini akan menyebabkan penawaran wang berkurang dalam masyarakat. Kuasa beli masyarakat akan berkurang dan permintaan agregat masyarakat turut berkurang. Maka, inflasi dapat diatasi.</div>Yeo KeeHuihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16400460709784945237noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2885158424984170467.post-2360712547815441072009-01-23T08:13:00.007+08:002009-04-03T10:34:35.037+08:00Bagaimanakah kadar pertukaran mata wang asing ditentukan dalam sistem kadar pertukaran boleh ubah? --- [6]<div style="text-align: justify;">Kadar pertukaran mata wang asing dalam sistem kadar pertukaran boleh ubah ditentukan melalui interaksi antara permintaan dengan penawaran mata wang asing di pasaran.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWO_zynUgVJ1UceyJaNV833KHuGtcv5NyPoLWjRqc9-Gvv2AWzyo1x0UJujD6_QmLd-dEDxXbDsCSY7cTtAXym8odva1TDdJAWs8_dZL6IKiivrFLIT4jsTcdvhFfg6ps03Eu1gfiKr92z/s1600-h/kadarpertukaranasing.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 242px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgWO_zynUgVJ1UceyJaNV833KHuGtcv5NyPoLWjRqc9-Gvv2AWzyo1x0UJujD6_QmLd-dEDxXbDsCSY7cTtAXym8odva1TDdJAWs8_dZL6IKiivrFLIT4jsTcdvhFfg6ps03Eu1gfiKr92z/s400/kadarpertukaranasing.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5294276309719048306" border="0" /></a><br />Rajah di atas menunjukkan kadar pertukaran antara Ringgit Malaysia dengan Dolar Amerika Syarikat. Keseimbangan dicapai pada titik E apabila keluk permintaan Dolar US (DD) bersilang dengan keluk penawaran Dolar US (SS) pada kadar pertukaran US$1.00 = RM3.60.<br /><br />Andaikan kadar pertukaran meningkat menjadi US$1.00 = RM3.80. Ini bermakna Ringgit Malaysia mengalami susut nilai. Ini menyebabkan wujud lebihan penawaran Dolar US sebanyak Q<sub>2</sub>Q<sub>1</sub> di pasaran. Lebihan penawaran Dolar US menyebabkan kadar pertukaran turun sehingga mencapai keseimbangan semula pada titik E apabila DD = SS pada kadar pertukaran US$1.00 = RM3.60.<br /><br />Andaikan kadar pertukaran turun menjadi US$1.00=RM3.40. Ini bermakna Ringgit Malaysia mengalami naik nilai. Ini menyebabkan wujud lebihan permintaan Dolar US sebanyak Q<sub>2</sub>Q<sub>1</sub> di pasaran. Lebihan permintaan Dolar US menyebabkan kadar pertukaran naik sehingga mencapai keseimbangan semula pada titik E apabila DD = SS pada kadar pertukaran US$1.00 = RM3.60.<br /></div>Yeo KeeHuihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16400460709784945237noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2885158424984170467.post-13837757025968268412009-01-22T09:01:00.006+08:002009-04-03T09:43:13.104+08:00<div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><h2 style="text-align: justify;">Dengan memberikan rajah yang sesuai, terangkan perbezaan antara permintaan wang untuk tujuan urus niaga dengan permintaan wang untuk tujuan spekulasi..........[6]</h2><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvCEqrAqDnavoqRCM4m5Yp-8LT-FvLB9gP3qHtYB3nhF8834ACH91Qbp9NwE9vO4MzGuZHzMWikCLMBvRDBAts5Jp15iCH71CuQAwEBCOAOpyRgAO_38wAkJV2uQp8bI-qEy8GgaSi-KF8/s1600-h/DD+urusniaga.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 270px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvCEqrAqDnavoqRCM4m5Yp-8LT-FvLB9gP3qHtYB3nhF8834ACH91Qbp9NwE9vO4MzGuZHzMWikCLMBvRDBAts5Jp15iCH71CuQAwEBCOAOpyRgAO_38wAkJV2uQp8bI-qEy8GgaSi-KF8/s400/DD+urusniaga.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5293923362933710370" border="0" /></a>Permintaan wang untuk tujuan urus niaga merupakan permintaan wang untuk membeli barang dan perkhidmatan. Permintaan wang untuk tujuan urus niaga dipengaruhi oleh pendapatan negara. Semakin tinggi pendapatan negara, semakin tinggi permintaan wang untuk tujuan urus niaga. Ini dapat ditunjukkan pada rajah (a). Pada pendapatan negara Y<sub>0</sub>, permintaan wang untuk tujuan urus niaga ialah M<sub>0</sub>. Apabila pendapatan negara meningkat ke Y<sub>1</sub>, permintaan wang untuk tujuan urus niaga meningkat ke M<sub>1</sub>. Ini bermakna wujud hubungan positif antara permintaan wang untuk tujuan urus niaga dengan pendapatan negara.<br /><br /><h2 style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX535LrjyKxjjpQ43hzTSqw4rUcqGduoiXu2f7tYgVRLInu-QOFmH7rzgMC_BhIihoECEko75qGAT4HGKS420LoJ3cXbhQdOUn6L8HOd9WqLvlgnpnoKOkhzMxo5qcDYiZa_NLW_yVDFmE/s1600-h/DD+spekulasi.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 288px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX535LrjyKxjjpQ43hzTSqw4rUcqGduoiXu2f7tYgVRLInu-QOFmH7rzgMC_BhIihoECEko75qGAT4HGKS420LoJ3cXbhQdOUn6L8HOd9WqLvlgnpnoKOkhzMxo5qcDYiZa_NLW_yVDFmE/s400/DD+spekulasi.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5293925446473020738" border="0" /></a></h2>Permintaan wang untuk tujuan spekulasi merupakan permintaan wang untuk mendapat keuntungan dengan membeli bon pada harga rendah dan menjual semula pada harga tinggi. Permintaan wang untuk tujuan spekulasi dipengaruhi oleh kadar bunga. Semakin tinggi kadar bunga, semakin rendah harga bon dan permintaan wang untuk tujuan spekulasi akan berkurang. Sebaliknya, semakin rendah kadar bunga, semakin tinggi harga bon dan permintaan wang untuk tujuan spekulasi akan meningkat. Ini dapat ditunjukkan pada rajah (b). Pada kadar bunga yang tinggi, iaitu r<sub>0</sub>, permintaan wang untuk tujuan spekulasi ialah M<sub>0</sub>. Apabila kadar bunga turun ke r<sub>1</sub>, permintaan wang untuk tujuan spekulasi meningkat ke M<sub>1</sub>. Ini menunjukkan wujud hubungan negatif antara permintaan wang untuk tujuan spekulasi dengan kadar bunga.<br /><h2 style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiX535LrjyKxjjpQ43hzTSqw4rUcqGduoiXu2f7tYgVRLInu-QOFmH7rzgMC_BhIihoECEko75qGAT4HGKS420LoJ3cXbhQdOUn6L8HOd9WqLvlgnpnoKOkhzMxo5qcDYiZa_NLW_yVDFmE/s1600-h/DD+spekulasi.jpg"><br /></a></h2><br /></div>Yeo KeeHuihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16400460709784945237noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2885158424984170467.post-41723218637789787242009-01-21T10:06:00.004+08:002009-01-21T10:14:37.895+08:00Berdasarkan Teori Kuantiti Wang Klasik, terangkan hubungan antara penawaran wang dengan tingkat harga umum dalam sesebuah ekonomi ..........[6]<div style="text-align: justify;">Persamaan Teori Kuantiti Wang Fisher ialah MV = PT, dengan M ialah bekalan wang, V ialah halaju pusingan wang, P ialah tingkat harga dan T ialah urus niaga. <br /><br />Andaian teori ini ialah V dan T adalah tetap dan ekonomi sentiasa berada dalam tingkat guna tenaga penuh.<br /><br />Hubungan antara penawaran wang dengan tingkat harga umum adalah positif, iaitu apabila M naik, P naik dengan kadar yang sama.<br /><br />Misalnya, apabila M naik sebanyak 10%, P juga naik sebanyak 10%.<br /></div>Yeo KeeHuihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16400460709784945237noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2885158424984170467.post-44960584075105793092009-01-20T11:19:00.002+08:002009-04-03T07:46:43.948+08:00Terangkan tiga kegunaan data pendapatan negara..........[6]<div style="text-align: justify;">Tiga kegunaan data pendapatan negara ialah<br /><br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Alat pengukur jumlah keluaran pelbagai sektor ekonomi<br /></span>Dalam penghitungan pendapatan negara mengikut kaedah keluaran, sumbangan setiap sektor ekonomi terhadap Keluaran Dalam Negeri Kasar (KDNK) dapat diukur. Berdasarkan sumbangan setiap sektor, kepentingan setiap sektor terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi negara dapat ditentukan. Di samping itu, data pendapatan negara juga dapat menunjukkan kadar pertumbuhan jumlah keluaran setiap sektor dari tahun ke tahun, iaitu sama ada meningkat atau merosot berbanding dengan tahun sebelumnya.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Alat pengukur kadar pertumbuhan ekonomi</span><br />Dengan membandingkan data pendapatan negara benar antara tahun semasa dengan tahun sebelumnya, kadar pertumbuhan ekonomi dapat diukur. Sekiranya kadar pertumbuhan ekonomi meningkat, ini bermakna kegiatan ekonomi negara tersebut semakin baik. Sebaliknya, jika kadar pertumbuhan ekonomi menurun, ini bermakna kegiatan ekonomi negara tersebut merosot. Setiap negara akan berusaha untuk mencapai kadar pertumbuhan ekonomi yang tinggi dengan menjalankan dasar-dasar tertentu.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight:bold;">Asas membuat perancangan ekonomi</span><br />Data pendapatan negara pada masa kini dan masa lepas dapat memberi maklumat penting mengenai ciri-ciri kegiatan ekonomi sesebuah negara. Maklumat ini dapat digunakan sebagai asas untuk membuat ramalan tentang kadar pertumbuhan ekonomi yang akan dicapai pada masa depan, perkembangan pelaburan dan eksport serta jangkaan pertumbuhan guna tenaga.<br /></div>Yeo KeeHuihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16400460709784945237noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2885158424984170467.post-79918400742271901732009-01-19T09:26:00.007+08:002009-04-03T10:36:23.496+08:00<h2>(a) Apakah maksud <span style="font-style:italic;">globalisasi</span>?..........[2]<br />(b) Terangkan dua faedah yang dapat dinikmati sesebuah negara daripada globalisasi...........[4]</h2><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />(a) <span style="font-weight: bold;">Globalisasi</span> ialah peningkatan salingan bergantungan antara negara-negara dari segi ekonomi, sosial dan politik. Globalisasi melibatkan aktiviti pengaliran barang dan perkhidmatan, wang dan modal di peringkat antarabangsa.<br /><br />(b) Dua faedah yang dapat dinikmati oleh sesebuah negara daripada globalisasi ialah:<br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Pilihan pengguna bertambah</span><br />Globalisasi menyebabkan kemasukan barang import yang semakin meluas di pasaran. Keadaan ini menyebabkan pilihan pengguna semakin bertambah. Mereka dapat membeli barang import di dalam negara tanpa perlu mendapatkan barang tersebut dari pasaran luar negara. Persaingan antara pengeluar di pasaran akan menggalakkan pengeluar untuk meningkatkan kualiti barang yang dikeluarkan. Ini akan meningkatkan kualiti hidup masyarakat.<br /><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Harga barang lebih murah</span><br />Kemasukan barang import yang semakin meluas di pasaran menggalakkan persaingan harga yang semakin sengit di kalangan pengeluar barang yang sama. Keadaan ini menyebabkan barang tersebut akan dijual pada harga yang lebih rendah di pasaran. Harga barang yang lebih rendah akan menguntungkan pengguna kerana kuasa beli mereka meningkat.</div>Yeo KeeHuihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16400460709784945237noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2885158424984170467.post-32332271852705843342009-01-17T07:21:00.004+08:002009-04-03T10:08:11.908+08:00Terangkan Tiga Cara Bagaimana Dasar Kewangan Dapat Mengatasi Masalah Pengangguran………[6]<div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Tiga </span>cara bagaimana dasar kewangan dapat mengatasi masalah pengangguran ialah:<br /></div><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Menurunkan nisbah rizab berkanun</span><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Semasa pengangguran, bank pusat akan menurunkan nisbah rizab berkanun terhadap simpanan yang dibuat oleh bank perdagangan. Ini akan menyebabkan keupayaan bank untuk memberi pinjaman meningkat. Kuasa beli masyarakat meningkat dan peluang pekerjaan turut meningkat untuk memenuhi permintaan agregat masyarakat. Maka, pengangguran akan berkurang.<br /></div><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Menurunkan kadar bank atau kadar diskaun</span><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Semasa pengangguran, bank pusat akan menurunkan kadar bank terhadap bank perdagangan. Kadar bank merupakan kadar bunga yang dikenakan oleh bank pusat terhadap pinjaman bank perdagangan. Apabila bank pusat menurunkan kadar bank, ini akan menyebabkan pelaburan bank perdagangan menurunkan kadar bunga terhadap pinjaman orang ramai. Kadar bunga yang rendah menyebabkan pelaburan meningkat. Ini menyebabkan peluang pekerjaan meningkat dan pengangguran akan berkurang.<br /></div><br /><span style="font-weight: bold;">Membeli surat jaminan kerajaan</span><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">Semasa pengangguran, bank pusat akan membeli surat jaminan kerajaan daripada bank perdagangan dan orang ramai. Ini akan menyebabkan penawaran wang bertambah dalam masyarakat. Kuasa beli masyarakat meningkat dan peluang pekerjaan turut meningkat untuk memenuhi permintaan agregat masyarakat. Maka, pengangguran akan berkurang.<br /><br /></div>Yeo KeeHuihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16400460709784945237noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2885158424984170467.post-89182124322881728812009-01-16T08:42:00.006+08:002009-04-03T08:52:55.522+08:00Dengan menggunakan rajah bocoran-suntikan, terangkan proses penentuan keseimbangan pendapatan negara sebuah ekonomi terbuka………..[6]Keseimbangan pendapatan negara sebuah ekonomi terbuka dicapai apabila S + T + M = I + G + X<br /><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />Keseimbangan pendapatan negara dicapai pada titik E apabila S + T + M = I + G + X pada pendapatan negara Y<sub>0</sub>.<br /><br /><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaO8mTKT54hOQRvf6T_-I1-hy-nJaxzQ7JWBfgsFz5s1jIZ1gJItFOXXcNZYMxxZDYiJJb1oz5927HbUAODK2V9nv7qV6-8d6Ed5iG5JiVN9qGbCpbvNAYSxzoVsV9ZuevY_OrRo0_xGJN/s1600-h/rajah+bocoran.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 251px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaO8mTKT54hOQRvf6T_-I1-hy-nJaxzQ7JWBfgsFz5s1jIZ1gJItFOXXcNZYMxxZDYiJJb1oz5927HbUAODK2V9nv7qV6-8d6Ed5iG5JiVN9qGbCpbvNAYSxzoVsV9ZuevY_OrRo0_xGJN/s800/rajah+bocoran.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5291700118308141330" border="0" /></a>Pada pendapatan negara Y<sub>1</sub>, suntikan, iaitu (I + G + X) ialah Y<sub>1</sub>a, manakala bocoran, iaitu (S + T + M) ialah Y<sub>1</sub>b. Oleh itu, suntikan melebihi bocoran sebanyak ab. Lebihan suntikan menyebabkan pendapatan negara bertambah dan akhirnya mencapai keseimbangan pada titik E apabila S + T + M = I + G + X pada pendapatan negara Y<sub>0</sub>.<br /><br />Pada pendapatan negara Y<sub>2</sub>, suntikan, iaitu (I + G + X) ialah Y<sub>2</sub>c, manakala bocoran, iaitu (S + T + M) ialah Y<sub>2</sub>d. Oleh itu, bocoran melebihi suntikan sebanyak cd. Lebihan bocoran menyebabkan pendapatan negara berkurang dan akhirnya mencapai keseimbangan pada titik E apabila S + T + M = I + G + X pada pendapatan negara Y<sub>0</sub>.<br /></div>Yeo KeeHuihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16400460709784945237noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2885158424984170467.post-80994275734900103522009-01-15T08:04:00.003+08:002009-04-03T08:50:43.528+08:00Cukai Berkadar(a) Takrifkan <span style="font-style: italic;">cukai berkadar</span>. ……….[2]<br /><div style="text-align: justify;">(b) Dengan menggunakan contoh berangka dan rajah, terangkan kesan cukai berkadar terhadap fungsi penggunaan……….[4]<br /></div><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">(a) Cukai berkadar ialah cukai yang kadarnya adalah tetap pada pelbagai tingkat pendapatan negara. Misalnya, cukai dikenakan sebanyak 20% daripada pendapatan negara (0.2Y). Walaupun kadar cukai adalah tetap, jumlah cukai yang dibayar semakin bertambah apabila pendapatan bertambah. Contoh cukai berkadar ialah cukai keuntungan syarikat.<br /><br />(b) Fungsi penggunaan sebelum cukai berkadar ialah<br /><br />C<sub>0</sub> = a + bYd<br /><br />Fungsi penggunaan selepas cukai berkadar ialah<br /><br />C<sub>1</sub> = a + b(Y – T)<br /><br />Contoh:<br />Fungsi penggunaan sebelum cukai berkadar ialah<br />C<sub>0</sub> = 100 + 0.8Yd<br /><br />Cukai berkadar dikenakan sebanyak 0.2Y. Oleh itu, fungsi penggunaan selepas cukai berkadar ialah<br />C<sub>1</sub> = 100 + 0.8(Y – 0.2Y)<br /> = 100 + 0.8Y – 0.16Y<br />C<sub>1</sub> = 100 + 0.64Y<br /><br />Ini bermakna fungsi penggunaan sebelum dan selepas cukai berkadar adalah berbeza dari segi niai b, iaitu MPC, dengan b sebelum cukai berkadar ialah 0.8Y, manakala b selepas cukai berkadar ialah 0.64Y. Nilai a, iaitu penggunaan autonomi tidak berubah, iaitu tetap 100. Ini bermakna keluk penggunaan selepas cukai berkadar akan menjadi lebih landai seperti ditunjukkan pada rajah di bawah.</div><br/><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgs6ltJfK9Th51jKIn_j53NwfNYW3sC1zL1oZAbymiXBBQZGCo16BWea1O2c6g3HNxHDRw7ud5KtuBO1ctaNNLGpIP2I4U1dVQVhz7oGf_BbtR1XO3jSINg9chW3JOQPBsMEe8nVjyqWN7/s1600-h/Takrifkan+cukai+berkadar.png"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; text-align: center; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 314px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhgs6ltJfK9Th51jKIn_j53NwfNYW3sC1zL1oZAbymiXBBQZGCo16BWea1O2c6g3HNxHDRw7ud5KtuBO1ctaNNLGpIP2I4U1dVQVhz7oGf_BbtR1XO3jSINg9chW3JOQPBsMEe8nVjyqWN7/s400/Takrifkan+cukai+berkadar.png" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5291306381091224114" border="0" /></a>Yeo KeeHuihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16400460709784945237noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2885158424984170467.post-56351569806849558612009-01-14T07:36:00.003+08:002009-04-03T08:50:43.529+08:00Apakah yang dimaksudkan dengan aliran pusingan pendapatan? Jelaskan aliran pusingan pendapatan bagi ekonomi tiga sektor.<div style="text-align: justify;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi77GOypQ4uagsQz-5Las-_H_OhkdCEjd3ijB9R6K2QewD2ZJtzXjN-wfX4STCe5ybICrBo8ZIOTi9cc69vT_xRmqt_GmyYFQgjo5oOslKw_SSaUDPuJliSuKmaKNUz5XzGCpTWrlR-X6gQ/s1600-h/Carta+Aliran+Ekonomi+3+Sektor.jpg"><img style="margin: 0pt 0pt 10px 10px; float: right; cursor: pointer; width: 400px; height: 317px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi77GOypQ4uagsQz-5Las-_H_OhkdCEjd3ijB9R6K2QewD2ZJtzXjN-wfX4STCe5ybICrBo8ZIOTi9cc69vT_xRmqt_GmyYFQgjo5oOslKw_SSaUDPuJliSuKmaKNUz5XzGCpTWrlR-X6gQ/s400/Carta+Aliran+Ekonomi+3+Sektor.jpg" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5290926392891756338" border="0" /></a><span style="font-weight: bold;">Aliran pusingan pendapatan </span>merujuk kepada aliran pendapatan dan perbelanjaan yang berlaku antara sektor-sektor ekonomi, iaitu sektor isi rumah, firma dan kerajaan.<br /><br />Aliran pusingan pendapatan ekonomi tiga sektor melibatkan sektor isi rumah, firma dan kerajaan.<br /><br />Isi rumah akan menerima pendapatan daripada firma, iaitu gaji dan upah, sewa, bunga dan untung kerana isi rumah telah menawarkan faktor pengeluaran kepada firma untuk menghasilkan barang dan perkhidmatan.<br /><br />Isi rumah akan menggunakan pendapatan tersebut untuk membeli barang dan perkhidmatan yang dikeluarkan oleh firma dan ini dinamakan perbelanjaan penggunaan. Namun, sebahagian daripada pendapatan itu akan ditabungkan dalam institusi kewangan. Tabungan merupakan bocoran dalam aliran pusingan pendapatan.<br /><br />Institusi kewangan akan meminjamkan tabungan isi rumah kepada pelabur untuk membuat pelaburan dalam firma. Pelaburan merupakan suntikan dalam aliran pusingan pendapatan.<br /><br />Kerajaan akan mengenakan cukai terhadap isi rumah dan firma. Isir rumah dikenakan cukai pendapatan perseorangan, manakala firma dikenakan cukai keuntungan syarikat. Cukai merupakan bocoran dalam aliran pusingan pendapatan. Cukai merupakan sumber hasil kerajaan. Kerajaan akan menggunakan hasil cukai untuk membuat perbelanjaan kerajaan yang disalurkan melalui isi rumah dan firma. Misalnya, kerajaan akan membayar gaji dan upah kepada isi rumah yang bekerja sebagai kakitangan kerajaan. Kerajaan pula akan membina jalan raya, jambatan, sekolah dan hospital kerajaan melalui pelaburan yang dilakukan oleh firma. Perbelanjaan kerajaan terhadap firma dan isi rumah merupakan suntikan dalam aliran pusingan pendapatan.<br /><br />Oleh itu, dalam ekonomi tiga sektor, mengikut pendekatan penawaran agregat-perbelanjaan agregat., keseimbangan pendapatan negara dicapai apabila Y = C + I + G, manakala mengikut pendekatan bocoran-suntikan, keseimbangan pendapatan negara dicapai apabila S + T = I + G.<br /> <br /><br /></div>Yeo KeeHuihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16400460709784945237noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2885158424984170467.post-53387489190084573162009-01-12T18:53:00.003+08:002009-04-02T10:14:34.839+08:00Matlamat Dasar Makroekonomi Malaysia<div style="text-align: justify;">Terangkan <b>tiga</b> matlamat dasar<b><!-- TEXT //--></b> makroekonomi negara Malaysia. [6]<br /><br />Tiga matlamat dasar makroekonomi negara Malaysia ialah:<br /></div><ol style="text-align: justify;"><li><b>Mencapai tingkat guna tenaga penuh</b></li><br /><ul><li>Tingkat guna tenaga penuh tercapai apabila kadar pengangguran kurang daripada 5%, iaitu hanya berlaku pengangguran geseran sahaja dalam ekonomi.<br /></li><li>Dalam keadaan ini, kegiatan ekonomi akan meningkat kerana faktor pengeluaran digunakan sepenuhnya.<br /></li><li>Keluaran negara meningkat dan berlaku peningkatan dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi.<br /></li><li>Apabila guna tenaga penuh tercapai, KNK sebenar sama dengan KNK potensi.</li></ul><br /><li><b>Mencapai kestabilan tingkat harga umum</b></li><br /><ul><li>Kestabilan tingkat harga umum bermakna ekonomi tidak menghadapi masalah kenaikan harga atau kejatuhan harga kurang daripada 4%.<br /></li><li>Kuasa beli pengguna menjadi lebih stabil dan ini akan meningkatkan taraf hidup dan kebajikan masyarakat.<br /></li><li>Kegiatan ekonomi semakin meningkat disebabkan inflasi yang terkawal dan berlaku kestabilan kadar bunga di pasaran.</li></ul><br /><li><b>Meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi</b></li><br /><ul><li>Pertumbuhan ekonomi bermakna kegiatan ekonomi semakin meningkat.<br /></li><li>Ini akan meningkatkan peluang pekerjaan dan mengurangkan pengangguran.<br /></li><li>Seterusnya, taraf hidup dan kebajikan masyarakat turut meningkat</li></ul><br /></ol><div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div>Yeo KeeHuihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16400460709784945237noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2885158424984170467.post-56120075863891525162009-01-01T09:52:00.001+08:002009-02-05T10:57:03.283+08:00Rancangan Mengajar Tahunan Untuk T6 Atas Sesi 2009<center><table stye="border:1px solid black;" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="2" rules="all" width="560" frame="box"><tbody><tr><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" width="25%">Minggu</td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" width="25%">Tarikh</td><td style="text-align: center; font-weight: bold;" width="50">Tajuk</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;">2</td><td style="text-align: center;">5-9 Jan 2009</td><td>Pembetulan Peperiksaan Akhir T6R 2008<br /></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;">3-7<br /></td><td style="text-align: center;">12 Jan 2009<br />hingga<br />14 Feb 2009<br /></td><td><span style="font-weight: bold;">Makroekonomi: Penawaran Wang Dalam Ekonomi<br /></span><span>Wang<br />Institusi Kewangan<br />Penciptaan Wang / Kredit<br />Wang, Harga, dan Aktiviti Ekonomi</span><span style="font-weight: bold;"><br /></span></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;">8-12<br /></td><td style="text-align: center;">16 Feb 2009<br />hingga<br />20 Mac 2009<br /></td><td><span style="font-weight: bold;">Makroekonomi: Masalah Makroekonomi & Dasar Penstabilan</span><br />Masalah Makroekonomi<br />Dasar Fiskal<br />Belanjawan Negara Malaysia<br />Dasar Kewangan<br />Langkah‐Langkah Untuk Mengatasi Masalah Makroekonomi<br /></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;">13-18<br /></td><td style="text-align: center;">23 Mac 2009<br />hingga<br />30 April 2009<br /></td><td><span style="font-weight: bold;">Makroekonomi: Perdagangan Antarabangsa</span><br />Alasan Perlunya Perdagangan Antarabangsa<br />Faedah Pengkhususan<br />Aliran Perdagangan Malaysia<br />Kadar Syarat Perdagangan<br />Sekatan Perdagangan Bebas</td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;">19-22<br /></td><td style="text-align: center;">4 Mei 2009<br />hingga<br />29 Mei 2009<br /></td><td><span style="font-weight: bold;">Makroekonomi: Kewangan Antarabangsa</span><br />Pengenalan<br />Imbangan Pembayaran : Konsep dan Komponen<br />Kadar Pertukaran Asing<br />Masalah Makroekonomi Dalam Ekonomi Terbuka & Dasar Kerajaan Globalisasi</td></tr><tr style="font-weight: bold;" align="center"><td colspan="3">Cuti Pertengahan Tahun (30 Mei – 14 Jun)<br /></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align: center;">25-28<br /></td><td><div style="text-align: center;">15 Jun 2009<br /></div><div style="text-align: center;">hingga<br /></div><div style="text-align: center;">10 Jun 2009<br /></div></td><td><span style="font-weight: bold;">Makroekonomi: Pertumbuhan Ekonomi</span><br />Pertumbuhan & Pembangunan Ekonomi<br />Perbandingan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Antara Negara<br />Faktor Mempengaruhi Pertumbuhan Ekonomi<br />Faktor Menghalang Pertumbuhan Ekonomi<br />Dasar Kerajaan untuk Mempercepat Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Malaysia<br /></td></tr><tr align="center"><td colspan="3">13 Julai 2009 - Menjelang STPM 2009<br />Ulangkaji / Kertas Model / Peperiksaan Percubaan & Perbincangan Jawapan/ Pakej Pemulihan & Pakej Penambah Baikan<br /></td></tr></tbody></table></center>Yeo KeeHuihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16400460709784945237noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2885158424984170467.post-40662216468619044232008-12-27T18:29:00.002+08:002008-12-27T18:32:39.740+08:00Financial tips for the family to handle expected tough times<a href="http://biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/12/27/business/2893288&sec=business" target="_blank">The Star Online</a><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">By JAGDEV SINGH SIDHU</span><br /> <div id="story_content"><p style="text-align: justify;">IN July, families were wondering how they were going to make ends meet once the price of petrol bolted to RM2.70 a litre. The fuel hike caused prices across the board to surge and people had to redo their budgets to cope with higher costs.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">The days of budget adjustments, sadly, are not over. In fact, things are taking a more serious tone. The subprime-induced US recession is now wreaking havoc throughout the world and families are now bracing for tougher times.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">Job cuts, wage freeze and cost-cutting measures have accelerated as companies are being hit by what many consider to be the worst economic downturn since the depression of the 1930s. This also has an effect on families, especially when uncertainties might surround the job security of a family’s breadwinner.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">“Some readers will definitely be retrenched in 2009. While it is likely the total number of unemployed in Malaysia will be relatively low compared to those now losing their jobs in the developed world, to the affected that will be no comfort whatsoever,’’ says Rajen Devadason, a licensed financial planner with MAAKL Mutual Bhd. He is also CEO of corporate mentoring consultancy RD WealthCreation Sdn Bhd.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">“Therefore, it is crucial that while there is still viable employment, household breadwinners decide now to adopt a well-thought out budget that will help them preserve cash.’’</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">While there is limited room to cut expenses for most people, Devadeson says what is often more pragmatic is to simultaneously try to increase sources of income.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">His four ideas are:</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">·Utilise EPF’s Account 2 options to reduce the principal sum outstanding on existing home loans. If possible, pay off the home mortgage as fast as possible.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">·In homes with multiple cars, consider selling – quickly – any extra vehicles. If the older cars which are fully paid for are still in reasonably good shape and capable of running safely for at least another three years, then it makes sense to keep those and to sell the newer cars if doing so generates sufficient cash to pay off the existing hire purchase loans.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">·Encourage teenage children to work around the neighbourhood by doing chores for cash. Urge them to contribute their added earnings into a family pool to build up cash reserves.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">·In single breadwinner households, if the children are old enough to fend for themselves, having the traditional caregiver, usually the wife, also join – or rejoin – the workforce will be helpful in increasing cash inflows into the family coffers.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">“Whatever unutilised additional cash flow generated should be channelled into a safe interest-bearing bank account or into a money market fund to build up an urgently needed family cash reserve buffer,’’ says Devadeson.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">There is chance that the number of available jobs in 2009 may contract and if getting additional employment proves difficult, Devadeson suggests that people start a small family business.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">“In really tough times, common options include running a food stall, washing cars, baking and selling cakes and cookies, cleaning houses, gardening and giving tuition,’’ he says.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">He adds that many people will find such viable cash-generating options beneath them but such pride is something to be dispensed with during the tough times.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">“Also, unnecessary expenses need to be slashed before doing so becomes unavoidable because of a job loss. That way extra cash can be channelled into savings even while normal income continues,’’ he says.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">“As savings grow, the option to judiciously invest in ever cheaper cash-generating investment assets as the economy worsens will rise. Eventually, doing just that will plant the seeds for long-term future family prosperity in 2010 and beyond.’’</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">Abacus Advisory Sdn Bhd founder and CEO Carol Yip says the upcoming lean times will be an opportunity for families to take stock of what they have and to make substantive changes.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">Yip says a family is like an organisation in which each member has an important role to play, and families should sit together and discuss any financial issues they face. “This can be used as a chance to educate your children and set financial goals for them,’’ she says.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">Yip also says simple cost-saving rules such as switching off lights, cutting down on electricity and Internet usage could be set. “Families can use the money they have saved instead of their bonuses to pay for their next holiday,’’ she suggests.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">She says parents have to lead by example, and practise what they are telling their children. “Action and behaviour is as important as words,’’ she says.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">Another important advice is that both parents have to be on the same page. There is no point in one parent making the sacrifice while the other is out buying a second widescreen TV for the house. “Both parents must have common goals in savings and cost-cutting,’’ she says.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">The fastest way to save as a family is to look at the activities the family does together. If a family goes out often to have expensive meals, a fast way would be to cut back on that.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">The next tip to parents is to reassess the children’s extracurricular activities. “If parents are sending children for, say, piano lessons for the parents’ own fulfilment, perhaps they might want to reconsider if the child does not have any interest in pursing learning such an instrument,’’ she says.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">A sensible thing might be for the non-working parent or an existing parent to take a second job should finances take a dip, but Yip says that might not be so easy. Firstly, a downturn means fewer job opportunities. And if one were to find employment, it could have an effect on family ties.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">“It depends whether children are understanding or not. Some might feel more appreciative of the sacrifices being made by a parent to support the family,’’ she says.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">Other issues will revolve around providing medical care for aging family members and a downturn might mean seeking cheaper but not necessarily lower quality heathcare.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">“Family members also have to be aware of the current state of financial affairs in order to make a decision on what to do when an emergency arises,’’ she says.</p> </div>Yeo KeeHuihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16400460709784945237noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2885158424984170467.post-44788760552402891212008-12-23T16:38:00.003+08:002008-12-23T16:42:23.913+08:00Over 4,700 workers to be retrenched, says Subra<a style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);" href="http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/12/23/nation/2877849&sec=nation" target="_blank">the Star Online</a><br /><br /><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;font-family:Arial;font-size:12;" ><h2 id="story_byline" style="margin: 0px 0px 10px; padding: 0px; font-weight: bold; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11px;">By ROYCE CHEAH</h2><div id="story_content" style="border-top: 1px dotted rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 15px 0px 10px;"><p style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; text-align: justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-size:100%;">PETALING JAYA: At least 4,749 workers, mostly from the electronics sector, will be retrenched by 137 employers in the next three months, Human Resources Minister Datuk Dr S. Subramaniam said.</span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; text-align: justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-size:100%;">He said the figures, including some 1,500 Western Digital workers in Kuching, were updated as of yesterday.</span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; text-align: justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-size:100%;">“My ministry will ensure that the workers get the compensation due to them.” he said after a dialogue with Malaysian Training Providers Berhad.</span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; text-align: justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-size:100%;">He said under the Employment (Termination And Lay-off Benefits) Regulations, workers would be compensated a part of their salary for each year of service.</span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; text-align: justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-size:100%;">For workers who have been with a company for two years or less, compensation would be 10 days of salary per year of work.</span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; text-align: justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-size:100%;">For those who clocked in between two and five years, it would be 15 days of salary per year and for those above five years, 20 days.</span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; text-align: justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-size:100%;">Dr Subramaniam said the Government would look into getting alternative employment for the workers or retrain them.</span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; text-align: justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-size:100%;">“So far, we have not held dialogues with these workers but we will be contacting them soon and setting up counselling sessions,” he said.</span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; text-align: justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-size:100%;">Dr Subramaniam said he was not sure whether the number of retrenched workers would increase but added that some things were beyond the Government’s control.</span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; text-align: justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-size:100%;">“However, we will ensure the retrenchment is done fairly,” he said.</span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; text-align: justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-size:100%;">He said any employer intending to retrench, lay off, offer voluntary separation schemes or reduce salaries would have to inform the ministry 30 days before such action is taken.</span></p><p style="margin: 0px 0px 15px; padding: 0px; line-height: 21px; text-align: justify;font-family:Arial;font-size:14px;"><span style="font-size:100%;">On foreign workers, Dr Subramaniam said the employment contract agreed between the employer and the worker had to be honoured and that the foreign worker would have to go back home if he or she was retrenched.</span></p></div></span><div style="text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><br /></div>Yeo KeeHuihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16400460709784945237noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2885158424984170467.post-79328775504085096142008-12-20T16:02:00.010+08:002008-12-20T16:26:41.438+08:00How is the ringgit faring?<div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/12/20/business/2797926&sec=business" target="blank">The Star online</a><br />By TEE LIN SAY<br /></div><p style="text-align: justify;">ALONG with tumbling equities and plummeting markets across the globe, most currencies have taken a huge beating. Even with the Malaysian economy considered more insulated, the ringgit hasn’t been spared.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">Earlier this year, Malaysians rejoiced when the ringgit hit its high of 3.1320 against the dollar on April 23. Since then, however, as a result of the US financial crisis, the ringgit has weakened to a low of 3.64 on Dec 4.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">Evidently, during the second half of 2008, foreign funds were desperately trying to get their money out of emerging markets.</p><span style="margin: 4px; float: right;"><table><tbody><tr><td><img src="http://biz.thestar.com.my/archives/2008/12/20/business/b_22lee.jpg" alt="" width="280" height="221" /></td></tr><tr align="center"><td><span style="font-size:78%;">Lee equates currency strength to purchasing power</span></td></tr></tbody></table></span><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="story_image center" style="width: 294px; text-align: justify;"> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">The selling of the ringgit as foreign funds embarked on their redemptions and selling of assets was just as fierce.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">Malaysia’s international reserves, which were at a high of US$125.1bil on July 15, tumbled to US$97.7bil as of Nov 28.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">The reserves position is sufficient to finance 7.9 months of retained imports and is 3.5 times the short-term external debt. The pace has certainly slowed and, anecdotally, observers say about 70% to 90% of the redemptions are over with. Still, there are reservations that more downside might come.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">On Tuesday, when the US Federal Reserve cut interest rates to 0.25%, key Asian currencies rallied the following day, led by the South Korean won and the Indonesian rupiah.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">Nine of the 10 most active Asian currencies outside Japan strengthened as a rally in global stock markets stoked optimism the US rate cut will boost investor confidence worldwide.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="story_image center" style="width: 414px; text-align: justify;"> <img src="http://biz.thestar.com.my/archives/2008/12/20/business/b_22gold.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="237" /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">The ringgit rose to the highest level in two months to 3.4625 per dollar on Thursday. The Singapore dollar strengthened 0.06% to 1.4592 against the US currency and the won rose 2.1% to 1,321.50 per dollar.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">Commodities received a boost from a weaker dollar, with the crude palm oil up RM24 to RM1,569 and oil rising above US$44 a barrel on expectations the Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries (Opec) will cut supplies further.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">Still the question arises: With an impending global recession and impoverished appetite for nearly all asset classes, will this see the ringgit depreciate more or has it actually reached its bottom?</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">Back to fundamentals</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">In the third quarter of 2008, Malaysia’s real gross domestic product (GDP) growth moderated to 4.7% from a revised growth rate of 6.7% in the previous quarter.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">There was an obvious contraction in the manufacturing sector largely owing to contraction in the export oriented industries due to weaker production in the electronics and electrical (E&E) industry.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">Output from resource-based industries such as petroleum and rubber products also registered a sharp slowdown in the third quarter.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">On the demand side, domestic demand grew at 6.5% in the third quarter, compared with the 8.3% increase in the second quarter.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">This slowdown was caused by higher consumer prices and lower consumer sentiment.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><div class="story_image center" style="width: 414px; text-align: justify;"> <img src="http://biz.thestar.com.my/archives/2008/12/20/business/b_22M3.jpg" alt="" width="400" height="192" /> </div><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">Broad money, M3, expanded at a slower year-on-year rate of 13.5% as at end-September 2008, compared with the 14.7% increase as at end-June 2008.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">Net capital outflows led to a decline in net foreign assets of Bank Negara and banking institutions, which in turn exerted a contractionary impact on M3.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">Room for weakening ringgit</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">Economically, these factors point to a slowdown in the economy.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">While lower commodity prices bode well for both producers and consumers, it also reflects a rapid decline in demand. Industrial production, particularly in the export oriented industries, is expected to slow down sharply in the fourth quarter.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">In economics, the quantity theory of money shows a correlation between long-term price inflation and the supply of money.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">Put simply, if the money supply were to moderate, so would prices hence the currency would appreciate.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">The fact that Bank Negara is anticipated to cut interest rates next year also demonstrates an anticipation of lower export revenues, hence the government is taking preventive measures to spur the economy.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">CIMB Group deputy chief executive officer Group Treasury and Investments Lee Kok Kwan feels the ringgit is looking steady.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">“The ringgit has been holding firm against regional currencies and strengthening against most Western currencies such as the pound sterling, euro and, in particular, against the Aussie and Kiwi dollar.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">“The main exception has been against the US dollar which is likely to be temporary as there has been a massive repatriation of capital and liquidation of assets globally.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">“Global asset managers (hedge funds, banks and multinational companies) are just selling assets worldwide where they can, and thereafter selling the local currency proceeds for US dollar to meet their capital and margin calls back home and to pay down their debt,” he says.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">On a more positive note, Lee feels that the repatriation witnessed over the past three quarters has waned.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">“Once the repatriation finishes, the dollar’s strength will severely weaken as the US economy is in a bad shape and it is the underlying source of weakness for the global economy. Also, the US cannot afford to have a strong currency as its export base is currently getting hammered, apart from its other economic problems,” says Lee.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">He explains that in the US, most people’s wealth are tied up in real estate as opposed to cash savings.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">This is due to their mortgage interest expense being tax deductible while interest and dividend incomes are taxable.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">“As US residential property prices are weakening substantially, and their 401k retirement savings funds have significantly eroded in value, the deterioration of the real wealth of Americans will be very severe this time around.”</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">He foresees the dollar to perhaps maintain its current level for the next few months (as repatriations are still going on) before weakening significantly, perhaps to the RM3.30 to RM3.40 level.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">Lee says it is an issue of relative strength: “Yes, our economy is slowing down, but other countries are slowing down much more, especially the Western economies. Also, the ringgit interest rates might be declining but the interest rates in the Western economies are declining much faster. So we have better relative strength.”</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">He equates currency strength to purchasing power. A country which has huge cash surplus has more purchasing power, hence what they can buy increases.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">Volatile trading</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">An economist from RHB Research feels that all the negative sentiments in the economy are already being priced into the ringgit.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">Over the near term, he sees some weakness in the ringgit, but come end 2009, he sees the ringgit ending at the RM3.30 level.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">For the immediate term (less than three months), he says there is a possibility that the ringgit may even weaken to the 3.65 level.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">By next year, he foresees the ballooning US budget deficit to become a problem. By then investors will turn negative and look elsewhere for returns.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">“We’ve seen a reversing trend in the ringgit since May as investors repatriate their funds back to the US and risk of investing in emerging markets is seen as high. There could also still be some short coverings for the dollar,” he says.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">So would he invest in the ringgit now? “No, I would wait until early next year,” he says.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">Aseambankers chief economist Suhaimi Ilias opines that the ringgit is likely to be volatile, and trade between a big range of 3.50 to 3.65 over the next three months.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">While the ringgit has strengthened this week, Suhaimi says this does not imply a reversal in risk appetite.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">“It is purely because of the weakness of the dollar, there is no sudden shift in risk aversion,” he says.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">On this note, Suhaimi says that the pace of redemptions has slowed significantly. The external drop in November has been much lower.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">He however does not discard the likelihood of hedge funds making short-term investments from time to time, and this will continue to affect the ringgit’s strength.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">“In the past few years, the strength of our ringgit has been dictated by these short-term outflow of such funds,” says Suhaimi.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">OSK Investment Bank Bhd director and head of treasury Yeo Chin Tiong says the ringgit is basically reacting to the weakness in the US dollar.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">“The US dollar’s strength may be bottoming. We may have seen the best of the US dollar, and with the Fed cutting rates, there is even more room for the ringgit to strengthen,” he says.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">Yeo expects the volatility in the ringgit to continue, but more towards an upside bias.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">Yeo explains that initially, the strengthening of the US dollar was because of great uncertainties due to the financial and economic crisis. Nonetheless, with aggressive measures taken by the US government, the economy is beginning to show signs of stabilisation.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">“Once this happens, people will start looking at yields again. They will start looking at other asset class es which yield higher returns and switch out of the US dollar,” he says.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">No big matter</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">Fundamentally, Lee says Malaysia is going into the global crisis much better prepared compared with 1997.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">The country has strong foreign exchange reserves, low foreign currency indebtedness and enjoys surpluses in its current and trading accounts.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">“As an example of how severe the global liquidity squeeze is, it is now very difficult for anyone to obtain a mortgage or a car loan in London or California while Malaysians have no such problems,” he says.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">However, Malaysia won’t be immune to second-order effects of slowing exports and much lower commodity prices.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">Corporate gearing is low and more importantly, with the success of the ringgit bond and loan markets since the 1997/98 crisis, there is very little reliance by Malaysian corporates and government on foreign currency borrowings.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">“It became clear from the crisis that reliance on foreign currency borrowing is toxic. Malaysia does not have this problem. Many other countries are severely afflicted by this issue today,” he says.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">With that, the central bank has considerable flexibility in adjusting its monetary policies. There is high expectations that Bank Negara will cut rates by some 50 basis points next year.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">If that happens, an economist says the rate cut will only affect the ringgit’s movement by some 5%.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">On the other hand, Yeo points out that the interest rate has never been a deciding factor for the ringgit.</p><div style="text-align: justify;"> </div><p style="text-align: justify;">“If investors or speculators want to get out of a currency, they will just sell and not be influenced by the level of interest rate offered. Malaysia is not yet a mature market like the US, where an interest rate has a huge effect on the value of the currency,” he adds.</p>Yeo KeeHuihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16400460709784945237noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2885158424984170467.post-69885495726188390572008-12-16T09:54:00.003+08:002008-12-16T10:03:58.896+08:00Brake on spending<div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="http://www.btimes.com.my/Current_News/BTIMES/articles/pero-2/Article/index_html" target="_blank">Business Times</a><br /><br />By Zuraimi Abdullah<br /><br />It will be a year of spending cuts for automotive companies in 2009 amid a grim industry outlook, said the chief of the country's largest car company by sales.<br /></div><p style="text-align: justify;"> Perusahaan Otomobil Kedua Sdn Bhd managing director Datuk Syed Abdul Hafiz Syed Abu Bakar said industry players would spend less and delay new launches because of the depressed market.<br /><br />"Even Toyota has said it will stop spending on large investments. There will be a delay in new launches," he said after the launch of Perodua's free rear seat belts installation exercise in Kuala Lumpur yesterday.<br /><br />Hafiz, nevertheless, said the planned launch of Perodua MPV (multi-purpose vehicle) remains on track.<br /><br />"As far as we are concerned, our MPV is still on track for launch in the fourth quarter of 2009," he said.<br /><img style="margin: 10px 10px 0pt 20px; float: right;" src="http://www.btimes.com.my/articles/pero-2/pix_middle" alt="" title="caption image" width="254" height="449" /></p><div style="text-align: justify;"> The new MPV from Perodua, which controls 31 per cent of the country's sales of new vehicles, is widely anticipated after Proton Holdings Bhd's own MPV slated by March next year.<br /><br />Given the expected shrinking overall car sales in 2009, Hafiz expects a modest sales target of less than 3,000 units of Perodua MPV a month.<br /><br />Meanwhile, Perodua is spending about RM60 million to install seat belts for rear passengers in its cars.<br /><br />Hafiz said the high cost is inevitable as it involves 435,000 units of Perodua cars like the Kancil, Kelisa, Kenari, Kembara and Rusa. More recent models like the Myvi, Viva and Nautica are already fitted with the belts.<br /><br />"More than half of the RM60 million is the cost of hardware, which is the right, left and central rear belts. Installation and labour make up the rest of the cost," he explained.<br /><br />The exercise is a reply to the new rule requiring cars to have seat belts for all back passengers from January 1 next year.<br /><br />Additionally, there are some 110,000 units of the Kancil manufactured without anchorage points, and they are exempted from the rear seat belt regulation.<br /><br />Perodua owners are urged to call any of the company's 43 appointed service branches nationwide for an appointment. </div>Yeo KeeHuihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16400460709784945237noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2885158424984170467.post-634682372627623452008-12-16T09:35:00.002+08:002008-12-16T10:09:12.760+08:00UMW Toyota sets new sales record<a href="http://www.btimes.com.my/Current_News/BTIMES/articles/20081215230316/Article/" target="blank">Business times</a><br /><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">UMW Toyota Motor Sdn Bhd has set a new sales record after selling 95,000 units of vehicles last week.<br /><br />It is the best annual sales performance ever achieved by UMW Toyota Motor since 2005 when 92,000 units were sold, said managing director Kuah Kock Heng in Shah Alam yesterday.<br /><br />“The sale of 95,000 units is above the original target of 94,000 units for this year,” he said, after the Toyota Classics 2008 cheque presentation ceremony.<br /><br />He said the core models such the Vios, Hilux, Camry and Avanza had helped the company achieve the sales record.<br /><br />Meanwhile, Kuah said the industry outlook for 2009 is very much dependent on the total industry volume (TIV) for this year.<br /><br />“I think the numbers will be finalised in early January and currently we are still monitoring the market feedback from dealers. The market is still dynamic, so we have to await the result for this year to determine the 2009 TIV,” he said.<br /><br />Kuah said the move by Bank Negara Malaysia to cut interest rates, reduce the Employee Provident Fund contribution and also increase loan amounts for civil servants would boost the industry further.<br /><br />Earlier, the company donated a total of RM444,900 to three charity homes, Yayasan Raja Muda Selangor, Monfort Youth Centre and the Malaysian Leprosy Relief Association.<br /><br />The funds were raised from ticket sales and corporate donations for its 2008 Toyota Classics concert.<br /><br />The cheques were presented by the Deputy Minister of Women, Family and Community Development, Noriah Kasnon. — Bernama </div>Yeo KeeHuihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16400460709784945237noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2885158424984170467.post-72602666627123505982008-12-12T12:37:00.002+08:002008-12-12T12:48:47.672+08:00Malaysia can no longer be a centre for cheap labour<div align="justify"><a href="http://biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/12/12/business/2784505&sec=business" target="_blank">thestar Online</a><br /><br />Comment by Wong Choon Wai<br /><br />THE signs are everywhere, the global economy is slumping and it will be a while before growth becomes part of the landscape again.<br /><br />In its latest report, the World Bank said the world economy was now expected to slow to 0.9% growth next year from 2.5% growth in 2008.<br /><br />That would be the weakest expansion since the bank started keeping records in 1970.<br /><br />“For developing countries, the situation has really changed since the beginning of September,” said Hans Timmer, who directs the bank’s international economic analyses and projections.<br /><br />The extent of the downward shift in developing country growth rates is expected to be more dramatic than even during the Asian financial crisis in the late 1990s or the bursting of the dot.Com bubble earlier this decade, with growth expected to slow from 7.9% last year to 6.3% in 2008 and 4.5% in 2009.<br /><br />Malaysia has been spared the worst, thanks to the reforms the Government introduced in the wake of the 1997-98 Asian financial crisis and its huge foreign exchange reserves.<br /><br />Economists note that Malaysia has enough financial resources to mitigate any fiscal adversity and domestic banks are also in a strong position to weather an economic downturn.<br /><br />But we will feel some pain.<br /><br />We will not feel the pinch as badly as Singapore, Taiwan and other countries with less diversified economies but we will feel the pain.<br /><br />The number of jobless Malaysians will increase as the demand for goods and services in our export markets contracts.<br /><br />Sales of cars and houses will slow as Malaysians zip up their wallets in anticipation of a slower economic growth.<br /><br />In 1998, during the peak of the Asian financial crisis, some 80,000 Malaysians were rendered jobless.<br /><br />It may be too early for the Human Resources Ministry officials and those in the manufacturing sector to estimate how severe the retrenchments will be.<br /><br />But we should take pre-emptive steps.<br /><br />We should set up a retraining fund so that those laid off can have their skill sets upgraded.<br /><br />At the same time, these workers should be given a monthly allowance of between RM500 and RM1,000 to tide them over during the downturn.<br /><br />The Government should also be more flexible in allowing the private sector to tap funds from the Human Resources Development Fund.<br /><br />The downturn will also present the Government with a slew of opportunities. For a start, how about making structural changes to the economy?<br /><br />Malaysia can no longer be a centre for cheap labour and low-cost production. The country simply cannot compete with the likes of China, Vietnam and Cambodia.<br /><br />What the Government has to do is repatriate the 600,000 foreign workers as promised and cut down dependence on foreign labour.<br /><br />Until that happens, companies will not favour innovation and measures to improve productivity.<br /><br />During this time, the National Economic Council, comprising ministers and representatives from the private sector and the unions, must also take the approach that nothing is sacred.<br /><br />If the Foreign Investment Committee is an impediment to foreign investments flowing into the country, it must be abolished.<br /><br />If the New Economic Policy has to be tweaked or held in abeyance during this difficult period, so be it.<br /><br />It is heartening to hear that the National Economic Council and the International Trade and Industry Ministry are on the verge of liberalising the services sector and keen to push through the free trade agreement with the United States.<br /><br />The point is this: Malaysia and the rest of the world are going to be facing a rocky ride in 2009 and possibly 2010. But at some point, recovery will happen.<br /><br />Malaysia must be in a stronger position to ride the upswing then.<br /><br />It can only happen if the Government presses ahead with structural changes to the economy.<br /><br />In every crisis, there is an opportunity.<br /><br />The window of opportunity is now. It is time to make the changes.<br /><br />– Datuk Wong Chun Wai is group chief editor of The Star. </div>Yeo KeeHuihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16400460709784945237noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2885158424984170467.post-78500306617269398492008-12-12T12:04:00.002+08:002008-12-12T12:07:47.794+08:00Limited impact on job market in Malaysia<div align="justify"><a href="http://biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/12/12/business/2772087&sec=business" target="_blank">thestar Online</a><br /><br />By LAALITHA HUNT<br /><br />PETALING JAYA: The Malaysian employment market will be affected by the global economic downturn but the impact may be limited due to the resilience of the local economy, according to human resources consultants.<br /><br />“Malaysia is much stronger now compared to the 1997 Asian financial crisis,” said Vivek Nath, country manager at human resources firm Watson Wyatt (M) Sdn Bhd.<br /><br />Nath said he was cautiously optimistic Malaysia would weather the storm, noting that “banks are generally strong and the Government has commendable levels of foreign exchange reserves.”<br /><br />Manpower Staffing Services (M) Sdn Bhd director Liza Hussain said outsourcing firms, particularly those serving multinational companies related to information technology services, were still actively hiring.<br /><br />“We have yet to see a fall in demand for staff from these outsourcing companies,” she told StarBiz.<br /><br />Talent2 International Ltd director for South Asia, Leigh Howard, observed that large-scale retrenchments in Malaysia had not happened, but noted that “since the downturn started in the US, many US companies located here have announced hiring freezes.”<br /><br />“In addition, Malaysian companies that export products and services to the US would be similiarly affected,” he added.<br /><br />However, local “A-grade” talents were still being snapped up, especially those with international experience, Leigh said, adding that local banks were keen to hire Malaysians who had worked in Hong Kong.<br /><br />“Similiarly, many local conglomerates are hiring Malaysians returning from overseas as their experience would be invaluable in the tough times ahead,” he added.<br /><br />Vivek concurred that banks were hiring selectively but noted that some financial institutions had imposed hiring freezes for non-core functions.<br /><br />According to Hewitt Associates senior consultant Taranjeet Singh, the manufacturing sector in Malaysia will be the first to be affected in the global slowdown, possibly over the next three quarters.<br /><br />“Service support for the manufacturing sector such as sales agents could face job cuts as well,” he said.<br /><br />Last month, Bank Negara said the country’s gross domestic product (GDP) growth for the third quarter had slowed to 4.7% from 6.7% in the previous corresponding period as the global slowdown had begun to bite into the real economy.<br /><br />Malaysia was projected to achieve a 3.5% GDP growth in 2009, sustained by fiscal pump-priming measures, provided that the crisis did not worsen significantly, the central bank said.<br /><br />To mitigate the effects of the economic slowdown on employment, the Government had put in place various initiatives including training, re-training and creating job opportunities.<br /><br />The new initiatives are part of the National Action Plan for Employment beginning this year until 2010.</div>Yeo KeeHuihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16400460709784945237noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2885158424984170467.post-50501389479556416182008-12-12T11:56:00.001+08:002008-12-12T11:59:16.268+08:00Malaysia in for a very challenging year<div align="justify"><a href="http://biz.thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2008/12/12/business/2784326&sec=business" target="_blank">thestar Online</a><br /><br />Kuala lumpur: Although Malaysia’s economy is holding up pretty well this year, 2009 is bound to be a very challenging year, given that all countries are interconnected via the global economy.<br /><br />Prudential Fund Management Bhd chief investment officer Yoon Mun Thim expects the first half of 2009 to be a very “tough period” for Malaysia and the Government should announce more stimulus measures.<br /><br />He said the impact on Malaysia this year had somehow been cushioned but many were beginning to feel the economic downturn towards the year-end.<br /><br />“In Hong Kong, people were queuing at the banks to withdraw their money but it is not happening here. The authorities have been very proactive to address the economic slowdown. Bank Negara has stepped forward to guarantee deposits and the Government introduced the RM7bil stimulus package,” Yoon said in a briefing yesterday.<br /><br />Yoon Mun Thim: "Malaysia has come a long way since the Asian financial crisis in 1997/98".<br /><br />“Malaysia has come a long way since the Asian financial crisis in 1997/98. We are different from 10 years ago - economy, corporates and even politically. We learnt our lessons during the Asian crisis,” Yoon said, adding that Malaysia banks were defensive.<br /><br />He said Malaysian banks were deposit-funded and lowly geared. The banks also had sufficient reserves to buffer any credit crunch shocks.<br /><br />As at Nov 14, Malaysia’s external reserves of US$99.7bil could support 8.1 months of retained imports and 3.7 times short-term external debt.<br /><br />Yoon said if needed, Malaysia had the ability for further pump-priming to stimulate the economy with its current external reserves and account surplus.<br /><br />“However, it is also important that consumers continue to spend. The cycle has to continue to stimulate the economy. Those who can afford it should continue spending as we are facing a serious slowdown next year,” he said, adding that it was still too early to tell if consumer confidence had been restored.<br /><br />He said inflation would not be a concern in 2009 as soaring inflation was likely to ease next year.<br /><br />Corporate profit forecasts are likely to fall significantly further next year. Yoon said he was not too concerned with the 2009 earnings as they were expected to be poor, probably charting low single digit growth. He also expected the unemployment rate to remain high as corporate could bedownsizing.<br /><br />On foreign funds inflow, he said during this time, a lot of countries would be competing for the same foreign fund inflows so Malaysia should continue to be competitive and make sure that it had reasons for investors to come in.<br /><br />Yoon said although things were not looking very rosy, there were still opportunities to be tapped during this time of market uncertainty.<br /><br />“Investors have to do their homework and understand their risk tolerance level before moving into the market at this time.” </div>Yeo KeeHuihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16400460709784945237noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2885158424984170467.post-74390923862364202322008-12-11T11:43:00.001+08:002008-12-12T11:45:22.467+08:00Pertumbuhan industri perabot jatuh tahun depan<div align="justify"><a href="http://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2008&dt=1212&pub=Utusan_Malaysia&sec=Ekonomi&pg=ek_08.htm" target="_blank">Utusan Online</a><br /><br />KUALA LUMPUR 11 Dis. - Kadar pertumbuhan perniagaan dan nilai eksport perabot di Malaysia diramal jatuh tahun depan disebabkan oleh krisis ekonomi selepas diunjur positif tahun ini antara lima hingga 10 peratus.<br /><br />Ketua Pegawai Eksekutif Majlis Promosi Perabot Malaysia (MFPC), Au Leck Chai berkata, penurunan itu berlaku kerana sebahagian besar produk itu dieksport ke Amerika Syarikat (AS) yang mengalami kegawatan ekonomi tahun depan.<br /><br />Leck Chai berkata, pada tahun ini, pertumbuhan industri perabot masih kukuh kerana pelanggan sudah membuat tempahan pada awal tahun.<br /><br />''Fenomena kehilangan kerja, sikap berhati-hati dalam berbelanja dan kebimbangan terhadap pengecilan saiz syarikat pada tahun depan akan menyebabkan orang ramai tidak lagi membeli perabot dan keadaan ini akan memberi kesan kepada industri perabot tempatan.<br /><br />"Kita terpaksa memikirkan pelbagai strategi untuk meningkatkan industri perabot di Malaysia, termasuk menggiatkan promosi dan iklan supaya tidak ramai pengusaha terutamanya pengusaha kecil dan sederhana (PKS) terpaksa menutup perniagaan masing-masing,'' katanya.<br /><br />Beliau berkata demikian pada seminar perabot yang berlangsung selama sehari di sini, hari ini.<br /><br />Malaysia merupakan antara 10 negara pengeluar terbesar perabot di dunia dan menyumbang dua peratus daripada jumlah pengeluaran perabot sejagat.<br /><br />Katanya, sebanyak 90 peratus daripada perabot tempatan dieksport tahun lalu berjumlah RM8.55 bilion dan sebanyak RM6.44 bilion pulangan dijana daripada industri itu untuk tempoh sembilan bulan pertama tahun ini.<br /><br />Nilai eksport Malaysia ke AS dalam tempoh sembilan bulan pertama tahun ini berjumlah RM1.715 bilion, jatuh RM557 juta kepada RM2.272 bilion dalam tempoh yang sama tahun lalu.<br /><br />Leck Chai berkata, secara keseluruhan, jumlah nilai eksport perabot dalam tempoh sembilan bulan pertama tahun ini berjaya mencapai sasarannya.<br /><br />Katanya, pihaknya yakin dalam suku ke empat tahun ini, nilai eksport akan melebihi RM1.5 bilion dan kira-kira RM8 bilion bagi nilai secara keseluruhan.<br /><br />''Sedikit kemerosotan akan berlaku pada keseluruhan nilai eksport perabot sehingga akhir tahun ini dan ia dijangka lebih buruk pada tahun depan,'' Leck Chai.<br /><br />Sementara itu, beliau berkata, bagi menangani masalah pengurangan permintaan pihaknya akan menganjurkan seminar-seminar kepada pengusaha perabot untuk meningkatkan lagi kualiti produk mereka.<br /><br />Katanya, perabot Malaysia mempunyai mutu yang baik, tetapi terdapat sedikit kekurangan daripada segi reka bentuk yang perlu diambil kira dalam aspek pemasaran.<br /><br />Sehubungan itu, Leck Chai memberitahu, lebih ramai pereka bentuk perabot dari negara-negara Eropah dan AS akan melatih para pengusaha perabot tempatan untuk mempertingkatkan reka bentuk perabot bagi menepati selera pelanggan dari negara-negara barat.<br /><br />"Ia merupakan proses berterusan dalam memastikan pengusaha perabot tempatan berkeupayaan menghasilkan reka bentuk yang moden, terkini dan diminati para pelanggan dari negara-negara barat,'' katanya.<br /><br />Leck Chai berkata, pihaknya merancang untuk mencari pasaran baru di negara-negara Eropah yang lain seperti di Rusia, Poland dan Ukraine.<br /></div>Yeo KeeHuihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16400460709784945237noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2885158424984170467.post-89390089379062384832008-12-07T11:31:00.001+08:002008-12-12T11:34:23.243+08:00Malaysia selamat krisis ekonomi 2009<div align="justify"><a href="http://www.utusan.com.my/utusan/info.asp?y=2008&dt=1207&pub=Utusan_Malaysia&sec=Ekonomi&pg=ek_01.htm" target="_blank">Utusan Online</a><br /><br />KUALA LUMPUR 6 Dis. - Menteri Kewangan Kedua, Tan Sri Nor Mohamed Yakcop berkata, negara tidak akan mengalami kemelesetan ekonomi pada tahun 2009 berdasarkan pelan strategik kerajaan yang menunjukkan hasil positif pada suku pertama tahun hadapan.<br /><br />Namun, tegasnya, negara tidak boleh terlepas daripada terkena tempias perkembangan negatif ekonomi Amerika Syarikat (AS) selepas penutupan beberapa syarikat gergasi dan krisis pembuangan pekerja di negara itu.<br /><br />''Berdasarkan senario ekonomi sebenar dan pelan tindakan kerajaan, besar kemungkinan negara kita tidak akan mengalami kemelesetan ekonomi pada 2009.<br /><br />''Sektor industri negara seperti elektronik akan menerima sedikit kesan akibat kemelesetan ekonomi kerana ia banyak dieksport ke negara-negara Barat,'' katanya pada sidang akhbar selepas merasmikan Wisma Yayasan Ekonomi Sejagat (YES) di sini hari ini.<br /><br />Turut hadir Pengerusi Amanah Raya Berhad, Datuk Dusuki Ahmad dan Pengarah Urusan Kumpulannya, Datuk Ahmad Rodzi Pawanteh.<br /><br />Tambah Nor Mohamed, kerajaan telah mengambil inisiatif dengan memperluaskan eksport ke negara Asia seperti China, India dan Emiriah Arab Bersatu (UAE) bagi mengurangkan kebergantungan pada ekonomi Barat.<br /><br />Katanya, kerajaan juga mengambil langkah bertindak sebaik sahaja pengumuman pelan ekonomi negara dibuat bagi melihat keberkesanannya dalam menghadapi ketidakstabilan ekonomi dunia.<br /><br />''Kita perlu memastikan kebanyakan langkah daripada pelan tersebut dilaksanakan pada suku pertama tahun hadapan bagi mengurangkan impak kemelesetan ekonomi,'' ujarnya.<br /><br />Ditanya sama ada pelaksanaan Inisiatif Kewangan Swasta (PFI) akan diperlahankan atau sebaliknya, Nor Mohamed berkata: ''Pelaksanaan segera akan dilakukan terhadap projek-projek dan PFI yang berdaya maju.''<br /></div>Yeo KeeHuihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16400460709784945237noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2885158424984170467.post-51437927019820472342008-10-10T19:19:00.001+08:002009-04-03T09:19:52.940+08:00Definisi Wang<div align="justify">Sebarang benda yang diterima umum oleh masyarakat sebagai alat perantaraan pertukaran. </div>Yeo KeeHuihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16400460709784945237noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2885158424984170467.post-77890307753579397332008-10-10T19:18:00.000+08:002009-04-03T09:19:52.941+08:00Ciri-Ciri Wang<ol><li>Diterima umum </li><li>Penawaran terhad </li><li>Bernilai stabil <li>Bernilai seragam <li>Berbentuk seragam <li>Mudah dibahagikan <li>Mudah dibawa <li>Mudah dikenali <li>Tahan lama</li></ol>Yeo KeeHuihttp://www.blogger.com/profile/16400460709784945237noreply@blogger.com0