Aced's Blog

Coming-to-age Ceremony: OH YEAH!! I'm Officially An Adult!!

noreply@blogger.com (Aced) — Sun, 09 Sep 2012 19:27:00 +0000

Its been awhile since I last wear my Hanfu and head north. So, on 31st August 2012, I wore my Hanfu and drove all the way to Genting to help out in the 5th Chinese Cultural Camp. Its been awhile since I last meet my friends and so I'm really looking forward for this camp.

On my way to the venue

This year camp is very different from the camp of the past because this year we have this Malaysia very first (could be the world first) mass Chinese coming of age ceremony. According to the Book of Rites 《禮記》, a person of the of 20 shall go through this ceremony to mark the beginning of his adulthood. Without going through this ceremony, a person is not considered an adult and that person is not allow to marry. Once a person went through the whole ceremony, he/she will obtain a style name (字).

Getting reading for the Ceremony

Of course, since I'm in the camp, I too participated in this ceremony. It is a solemn ceremony in which we made our pledge to serve our country, contribute to the society and pass on the torch of Chinese culture to the next generation in front of many people (our teacher, parents and the crowd) and not to forget the heaven, earth and ancestor which acted as a witness to our pledge. There are only 2 words to describe the whole ceremony, dignify and awesome!

These are the things for the men coming of age ceremony

Inviting Ancestor to the Ceremony

The whole Ceremony ended successfully and we are really satisfied with whole thing and of course, our Ceremony has been reported in 8TV and NTV7 on the same day, other major Chinese newspaper reported this Ceremony with some put it as their headline while others give us a full whole page of reporting.

02/09/2012 - Sin Chew Daily

02/09/2012 - China Press

02/09/2012 - Guang Ming Daily

The next day, something epic happened!

Totally genuine, no Photoshop

The whole camp ended on Sunday, 02/09/2012. All I can say this whole camp is freaking AWESOME and I love everyone in the camp, they too are AWESOME!! I'm loving it :)

My style name :D

一個月

noreply@blogger.com (Aced) — Sun, 19 Aug 2012 20:07:00 +0000

過去，我曾愛得很幼稚，我曾丟失幾次的大好良緣，我曾隨眼作決定而愛錯；此後，我答應自己別再讓我的雙眼矇騙，我要隨著我的心去愛。我就這樣隨我的心去探索發現但沒想到我的心會把我帶到一個一直就在我身旁的人。

有可能是之前的陰影吧，所以怕失去機會而變得kiasu導致當初的急。欲速則不達，我的急促應該嚇到了你吧？真的很對不起噢~

當時，我也意識到我太急了也因此還懷疑了自己是不是一時衝動才這樣。就這樣，我停下來了，跟自己說只是一時衝動，別害人，放棄吧！

時間過了數月，在這段時間裏，嘗試過與其他人找可能可是就是找不到那種感覺。過後我就一個人出國散心，在這趟旅程中明白了很多東西而最重要的是讓我明白我對你的感覺非虛而是實的。

回到校園了，人事亦非，過往半夜喝茶談天說地的哥們很多都畢業了但有一樣沒變，你的存在。這次看到你，我很開心，只打算默默的支持與關心你；只打算能和你簡簡單單說說話，玩閙，瘋狂，大笑我已很足夠，滿足，珍惜到底。

沒想到我還是讓你知道我對你的感覺了。時間過得很快，就這樣一個月就過去了。這一個月大家都忙但對我而言這一個月我很珍惜能與你見面的時間；這一個月能和你説話，看到你的微笑，對我而言這個已足夠。雖然你到現在沒表態但我不後悔我當初讓你知道我對你的心意，因爲不管最縂如何，我已沒有東西好後悔，因爲我最少嘗試過，最少能隨心的傻傻去愛一個我真的想要愛的人。

未來會如何，我不懂但我可以很肯定的說，你已在我心裏留下了美麗的印跡，也在我的史冊裏擁有自己的傳記，在我有生之年你肯定不會被我忘記。

感激緣分讓我認識了你，珍惜與你見面的每一次。:)

People of WWY, I thanks you all

noreply@blogger.com (Aced) — Sun, 19 Aug 2012 16:33:00 +0000

This post is long overdue but is better to be late than never.

This post is specially dedicated to everyone in Woon Wee Yuen & Partners, especially my inspiring boss and supervisor, Mr. Woon Wee Yuen and my friendly and funny mentor, Kak Nurulhuda, for sharing with me their personal experience, knowledge and most importantly giving me an environment to see Law as a fun and practical thing. All these years through Law School has makes me disillusion and I started to question the purpose of me taking up this course, but all has change, I again found the passion that once guided me here, the passion of wanting to do justice and help others through law. In fact, the trust and confidence given by the both of you in me in attending and advising client is the main factor that sparks my passion once again because to be able to see people in need of help leaving the firm satisfied is the best recognition I can get.

My 23rd Birthday

Oh, not to forget the bubbly Kak Aida, super senior, CY and everyone. Thanks for the guidance given during the 3 months period, thanks for the Birthday cake and thanks for every other things that you all had given. Greatly appreciate it and I will always remember the time with you all. THANK YOU!!

My last day of Attachment

愛久見人心

noreply@blogger.com (Aced) — Sat, 18 Aug 2012 16:15:00 +0000

我冷漠是不想被看出太容易被感動觸及

我比較喜歡現在的自己不太想回到過去

我常常為我們之間　忽遠忽近的關係　擔心或委屈

別人只一句話　就刺痛心裡每一根神經

你的孤單是座城堡讓人景仰卻處處防疫

你的溫柔那麼緩慢　小心翼翼脆弱又安靜

也許我們都意會到　這次面對的幸福　是真的來臨

因為太珍惜所以才猶豫　忘了先把彼此抱緊

我不是流言　不能猜測你

瘋狂的遊戲　需要誰准許

別人怎麼說　我都不介意

我愛不愛你　日久見人心

存一寸光陰　換一個世紀

摘一片苦心　釀一滴蜂蜜

用盡了全力　只為在一起

我愛不愛你　愛久見人心

感人啊！！！《與妻訣別書》

noreply@blogger.com (Aced) — Wed, 25 Jul 2012 14:59:00 +0000

【林覺民】
林覺民(1887年－1911年)，福建省福州市人。字意洞，號抖飛，又號天外生。
林覺民於1902年考入福州全閩大學堂文科；畢業後，考入日本慶應義塾大學文科攻讀哲學；後參加同盟會；1911年，參加同盟會廣州起義，受傷被捕，從容就義。遺體後被安葬在廣州黃花崗，為黃花崗七十二烈士之一。
此為林覺民在廣州之役(1911年3月29日，又稱黃花崗之役，由黃興領導革命志士一百七十餘人進攻兩廣總督府)前三天，寫給其妻的訣別信。

【林覺民與妻訣別書】

我今天寫這封信是將要與妳永別了！我在寫這封信時，還是世中一人；妳在看這封信時，我已成陰間一鬼。我寫這封信，淚珠和筆墨一起落下，沒有辦法寫完而想要停筆，但又怕妳不明白我的苦衷，說我忍得捨棄妳而死，說我不知道妳不想要我死，所以忍住悲痛為妳寫信。

【吾今以此書與汝永別矣！吾作此書，淚珠和筆墨齊下，不能竟書，而欲擱筆！又恐汝不察吾衷，謂吾忍舍汝而死，謂吾不知汝之不欲吾死也，故遂忍悲為汝言之。】

我好愛妳，就這愛妳的一念，讓我勇於赴死。我自從遇見妳以來，就常常祝願天下有情人都成眷屬。然如今到處都可聞到血腥臭惡的氣味，滿街都可見到像凶犬惡狼般的壞人；想要滿足快樂地過活，又有幾個家庭能做得到？而為官者無動於衷繼續過其富裕的生活，我卻無法學到聖人不為情所動的境界。俗語說：有仁愛之心的人，能夠「老吾老以及人之老，幼吾幼以及人之幼」。我將我愛妳的心，幫助天下人愛他們的所愛，所以我敢先妳而死，不眷顧妳。請妳體諒我這份心意，在哀號哭泣之餘，也想想這世上的人們，應該也能歡喜地犧牲妳我自身的福利，為天下的人群謀取永恆的福樂。妳可別難過啊！

【吾至愛汝，即此愛汝一念，使吾勇於就死也。吾自遇汝以來，常願天下有情人都成眷屬；然遍地腥羶，滿街狼犬，稱心快意，幾家能夠？語云：「仁者老吾老以及人之老，幼吾幼以及人之幼。」吾充吾愛汝之心，助天下人愛其所愛，所以敢先汝而死，不顧汝也。汝體吾此心，於啼泣之餘，亦以天下人為念，當亦樂犧牲吾身與汝身之福利，為天下人謀永福也。汝其勿悲！】

還記得嗎？四、五年前的某個夜晚，我曾告訴妳：「與其讓我先死，我寧願妳先我而死。」妳才聽到我說的話，就好生氣；後來經我委婉解釋，雖然妳不認為我說的沒錯，卻也無話可說。我的意思是，以妳的柔弱，必然不能受得了失去我的悲痛；我先死，留著給妳痛苦，我於心不忍，所以寧可請妳先死，讓我來擔負悲痛。唉！誰知道我卻要比妳先死了！

【汝憶否？四、五年前某夕，吾嘗語曰：「與其使我先死也，無寧汝先吾而死。」汝初聞言而怒；後經吾婉解，雖不謂吾言為是，而亦無辭相答。吾之意，蓋謂以汝之弱，必不能禁失吾之悲。吾先死，留苦與汝，吾心不忍，故寧請汝先死，吾擔悲也。嗟夫！誰知吾卒先汝而死乎！】

我真的真的不會忘記妳。回憶後街的屋子，進入門內，穿過廊道，經過前後廳堂，又再三、四個轉彎，有一個小廳，廳旁的一間小房是我和妳兩人住的地方。記得才結婚三、四個月，那時是冬天陰曆十五前後，窗外稀疏的梅樹透著月光，忽隱忽現地照映著。我和妳並著肩、挽著手，低著頭說悄悄話，什麼事情不能相語？什麼情話不能傾訴？到今天想起來，只是徒留淚痕罷。又回憶六、七年前，我逃離家又再回來，妳哭著告訴我：「希望你今後若要到遠處去，一定要當面告訴我，我願意隨你而去。」我也與妳承諾了。十幾天前回到家，就想趁機會告訴妳這次要出去的事情；但才看到妳，又開不了口；再說妳又懷有身孕，更怕妳受不了難過，所以只有天天叫酒買醉。唉！當時我內心的悲傷，實在無法用這短短的筆來形容啊！

【吾真真不能忘汝也。回憶後街之屋，入門穿廊，過前後廳，又三、四折，有小廳，廳旁一室，為吾與汝雙棲之所。初婚三、四月，適冬之望日前後，窗外疏梅篩月影，依稀掩映。吾與汝並肩攜手，低低切切，何事不語？何情不訴？及今思之，空餘淚痕。又回憶六、七年前，吾之逃家復歸也，汝泣告我：「望今後有遠行，必以具告，我願隨君行。」吾亦既許汝矣。前十餘日回家，即欲乘便以此行之事語汝；及與汝對，又不能啟口。且以汝之有身也，更恐不勝悲，故惟日日呼酒買醉。嗟夫！當時余心之悲，蓋不能以寸管形容之。】

我真誠地希望和妳相守而死，但以今天的時勢來看，天災降臨可能致死，盜賊逼迫可能致死，分開的日子可能死，奸官汙吏虐待人民也可能死，而我們所處今日的中國，沒有一個時候、沒有一個地方可以避免死亡啊！到那時候讓我眼睜睜地看著妳死，或者讓妳眼睜睜地看著我死，我豈有辦法改變？妳又怎麼有辦法呢？就算可以不死，但兩個人離散無法相見，就是讓兩人兩地望眼成穿、骨化成石，試著問問古往今來有幾對愛人可曾破鏡重圓而再度相守？那比死還要苦吧。

【吾誠願與汝相守以死。第以今日時勢觀之，天災可以死，盜賊可以死，瓜分之日可以死，奸官污吏虐民可以死，吾輩處今日之中國，無時無地不可以死，到那時使吾眼睜睜看汝死，或使汝眼睜睜看我死，吾能之乎？抑汝能之乎？即可不死，而離散不相見，徒使兩地眼成穿而骨化石；試問古來幾曾見破鏡重圓？則較死尤苦也。】

實在是無奈啊！今天我和妳有幸能夠彼此都健全，但看人間，有些人不該死卻死了，不願分離卻分離了，這些人不計其數；像我們這樣鍾情於彼此的，怎麼忍受得了死傷分離的苦楚呢？所以我敢這麼乾脆地赴死，而不眷顧妳。

【將奈之何！今日吾與汝幸雙健，天下之人，不當死而死，與不願離而離者，不可數計；鍾情如我輩者，能忍之乎？此吾所以敢率性就死，不顧汝也。】

我今天死無餘憾，因國事成不成，自然有懷著相同抱負的人會去努力；依新現在已經五歲了，轉眼就是大人了，妳要好好地撫養他，讓他像我這樣。妳肚子裡的孩子，我猜想是個女的；女的一定會像妳，我內心真感到安慰。或者又是個男孩，則請妳教導他以父親的志向為志向，那我死了以後，還有兩個意洞在妳身旁，怎不令人高興呢！

【吾今日死無餘憾，國事成不成，自有同志者在。依新已五歲，轉眼成人，汝其善撫之，使之肖我。汝腹中之物，吾疑其女也；女必像汝，吾心甚慰；或又是男，則亦教其以父志為志，則我死後，尚有兩意洞在也。甚幸！甚幸！】

我們家以後會很窮，不過貧窮沒有什麼好苦的，只是清貧閒靜地度日罷了。我想對妳說的話已然說盡……我在九泉之下，遠遠地聽到妳在哭的聲音，我也會一起哭的。我平時不相信有鬼，但現在又希望真的有這麼一回事。現代人不是說心電感應嗎？我也希望這種說法是真的；這樣我死了以後，我的靈魂還能夠常常陪伴著妳，妳也不必因為沒有伴侶而悲傷啊！

【吾家日後當甚貧；貧無所苦，清靜過日而已。吾今與汝無言矣。吾居九泉之下，遙聞汝哭聲，當哭相和也。吾平日不信有鬼，今則又望其真有；今人又言心電感應有道，吾亦望其言是實；則吾之死，吾靈尚依依汝旁也，汝不必以無侶悲！】

（我平生從來沒有把自己的志願告訴妳，是我的不對；但告訴妳又怕妳天天為我擔憂。我犧牲生命，百死不辭，而讓妳擔憂，實在不是我所想要的啊。）

我好愛妳，所以怕為妳做得不夠；妳有緣嫁給我，卻又不幸地生值於今天的中國；我有幸娶得妳，又怎麼不幸地生在今天的中國？終究又不能只顧著自己好！　

【吾愛汝至。汝幸而偶我，又何不幸而生今日之中國！吾幸而得汝，又何不幸而生今日之中國！卒不忍獨善其身。】

唉！紙短情長，還沒有說完的話語有萬萬千千，妳應該可以推想得知。我現在不能去看妳，我知道妳會捨不得我，到時候又會在夢中常常看到我！哀痛！

【嗟乎！紙短情長，所未盡者尚有幾萬千，汝可以模擬得之。吾今不能見汝矣。汝不能舍我，其時時於夢中得我乎！一慟！】

辛亥三月二十六夜四鼓意洞手書

China Government Recognised Hanfu as Chinese(Han) Ethnic Clothing （中國大陸政府承認漢服為華人民族服飾）

noreply@blogger.com (Aced) — Wed, 21 Mar 2012 11:42:00 +0000

Below are some evidences on PRC recognising Hanfu as Chinese (Han) ethnic clothing. It has been recognised but that doesn't mean PRC government support Chinese Cultural Renaissance (Hanfu Movement) openly.

China Official Government Website

Chinese (Han) ethnic clothing depicted at bottom right corner

China Secondary School Textbook

China Cultural Exibition

Hanfu at the bottom left corner

Let the Picture Tell You the Story of Hanfu Movement (一圖勝千言! )

noreply@blogger.com (Aced) — Fri, 24 Feb 2012 16:23:00 +0000

From top left until bottom right:

What youngster think we are doing
What old people think we are doing
What parents think we are doing
What impostor tries to depict us as
What we think we are doing
What we actually do :)

[轉]被湮沒的明末烈士和遺民

noreply@blogger.com (Aced) — Thu, 02 Feb 2012 08:07:00 +0000

作者：杜车别

從詩文言辭來看明末烈士遺民的壯烈決絕

魯迅曾說“我覺得許多烈士的血都被人們踏滅了，然而又不是故意的”。他說的是推翻滿清時的烈士，然而我覺得明末抗清的烈士的血更屬於被踏滅之列，一起被踏滅的還有明朝的遺民。

在中國歷史上，明朝的烈士與遺民數量最多，事蹟也最壯烈，但被刻意埋沒與遺忘的程度最深。現在的人但知宋亡的崖山，但又怎知明亡時類似崖山的壯烈數不勝數！

我曾經閱讀過明亡時反清烈士的言辭詩歌，悲憤亢烈，讓人毛髮悚然；我曾經看見過明亡後遺民心懷故國的浩歎，哀痛幽抑，讓人心靈震顫，

翻閱那一段歷史，慷慨悲歌，血淚嗚咽，無窮怨憤，一層層，一疊疊，巨濤大浪般打過來。肉體撕裂的痛苦，精神煎熬的痛苦，心靈粉碎的痛苦，凝聚絞合在一起，即便穿越幾百年的時間間隔，仍舊可以感受其刺心的尖銳。

明末清初是天崩地裂的時代，山河瓦解的時代，血流成河的時代，頭顱堆山的時代，怒火滔天，悲淚覆地的時代，禽獸橫行，無辜慘死的時代，這個時代給最高尚正直的人，和最卑劣兇殘的人都提供了最淋漓盡致展現自己的舞台

歷數抗清中死掉的卓越人物：

十四歲舉義，十六歲犧牲的夏完淳[1]；

七十一歲高齡起兵，八十四歲在廣東文村自焚的黃公輔；

以典吏微職率領江陰全城抵抗清軍八十日的閻應元；

性格狂放不羈，卻出任南明官職，廣州城破後抱琴而死的鄺露；

在廣東舉義，延緩清軍進攻桂林的南明“三忠”陳邦彥、張家玉、陳子壯；

“錦心繡口”“秀眉明目”，巷戰犧牲的的嶺南才子黎遂球；

無守城之責而與瞿式耜同死桂林，面斥漢奸的張同敞；

從事長達二十年艱苦卓絕的抗清鬥爭，最後慷慨就義，被歷史學家顧誠譽為“幾乎無可挑剔的完人”的張煌言；

領導嘉定抗清，城破被殺的侯峒曾父子三人以及自縊的黃淳耀兄弟二人；

在大陸上堅持明朝正朔時間最長，在永曆帝被殺以後，依然頑強不屈抗清，最後一直到康熙三年，在茅麓山重重被圍，兵疲糧盡的情況下，自焚而死的李來亨。

通俗小說“三言”的編寫者馮夢龍，在清兵南下時，還以七十高齡，奔走反清，他除了積極進行宣傳，刊行《中興偉略》諸書之外，應該也直接參與了抗清鬥爭。在清順治三年（1646）春憂憤而死，也有說他是清軍所殺。而當時的另一位通俗小說家“二拍”的作者凌蒙初已經在1644年淮安抵抗李自成軍隊的戰鬥中壯烈殉國，死的時候也已經是六十多歲，如果他多活兩年，顯然也同樣會義無返顧的投入抗清鬥爭中。

此外如絕食而死的大儒劉宗周，泣血而死的李定國，服毒殉國的宋應升（宋應星的哥哥），投水自盡的陳子龍、夏允彝、祁彪佳等等，數不勝數。這些還是我們可以說出名字的，還有成千上萬名字都已經湮沒的人物。

時志明著的《山魂水魄——明末清初節烈詩人山水詩論》中說：“明末的士子學人，忠臣英烈，遠甚前朝各代，縱然南宋之遺臣烈士在形態上亦非其比”。 [2]

又說“無論時世之艱迫，陣容之強盛，氣節之凜然，任何一個時代的節烈之士都不能與明清易代相比”

“明末清初，激於大義振臂而起的英烈之士，何止萬計，在二十四橋之地頓成焦土，六朝繁華皆為人間地獄，千里鶯啼的江南頃刻成罪惡淵藪的危殆之際，從朝堂到草野，凡具忠義之心，受天地正氣熏染的志士仁人，他們不管是伏處民間的布衣，還是世受國恩的廷臣，都欲奮力做飛蛾一撲，以期用鮮血和生命與兇殘驕悍的民族入侵做殊死搏鬥，最終存中華民族一線正統之脈”

《明遺民錄》作者寫的《異史氏與諸同志書》中說“又思宋明以來，宗國淪亡，孑遺餘民，寄其枕戈泣血之志，隱忍苟活，終身窮惡以死，殉為國殤者，以明為尤烈”[3]

還有人說“對後世的影響而言，明清之際遺民是大大超過了宋元之際的。朱明德《廣宋遺民錄》羅列了四百餘人，孫靜庵《明遺民錄》雖達八百餘人，'而其所遺漏者，尚汗漫而不可紀極也。'有些是思想家、如黃宗羲、王夫之、方以智、顧炎武、傅山、李二曲等；有些是學有專長的學者，如史學方面的張岱、查繼佐、屈大均等；有些是抗清義士但有詩文留傳於世的，如瞿式耜、張煌言、吳鐘巒、錢肅樂等；而數量眾多的則為士大夫，如顏元的好友刁包、王余佑，黃宗羲的好友謝時符、汪魏美等”[4]

明烈士與遺民的肝膽作為，可歌可泣，足以彪炳千秋；胸臆所發，痛激惻怛，足以摧人肺腑。

夏完淳被清兵所抓，過江寧，望見鍾山的時候，大笑說“ 我得歸骨於高皇帝（朱元璋）孝陵，千載無恨！”，

他寫的《南仙呂.傍妝台.自敘》

“我本是西笑狂人。想那日束髮從軍，想那日霜角轅門，想那日挾劍驚風，想那日橫槊凌雲。”

“盼殺我當日風雲，盼殺我故國人民，盼殺我西笑狂夫，盼殺我東海孤臣。月輪空，風力緊。夜如年，花似雨，英雄雙鬢。”

《別雲間》“毅魄歸來日，靈旗空際看。” 《精衛》 “北風盪天地，有鳥鳴空林。……辛苦徒自力，慷慨誰為心

《獄中上母書》中說“惡夢十七年，報仇在來世。神遊天地間，可以無愧矣。”

臨死前他寫的絕命詩“今生已矣，來世為期；萬歲千秋，不銷義魄；九天八表，永曆英魂。”

其實當時像他這樣的少年抗清者不乏其人，比如屈士煌生於1630年，也是在只有十六七歲的時候，就往來諸軍，投身抗清鬥爭；還有如張家玉的弟弟張家珍生於1632年，在十六歲的時候，就“從家玉起兵”，“別率所部千人為騎兵，轉斗數勝，號小飛將”。但他們得以多活了十幾年或幾十年，沒有夏完淳這般壯烈而已。

黃公輔，別人有詩寫他“一疏驚天彈巨璫，一疏伏地辭驕王。”“夏肆三藩魚在釜，殷頑幾個螳揮斧？……同鄉陳子壯，同榜洪承疇。一死一生不自由，那容去做東陵侯？”[5]

他自己的詩“世界無情惡浪渾，瞻天愁緒不堪論”“年華八十春，死亦何足惜？”“艱難世事幾時降”“忠魂料得氣吞胡”[6]

“南明三忠”中的張家玉[7]的詩“撒手已無兒女意，回頭寧有室家謀”，“從拼俠骨齊生死，終哭奴顏拜犬羊”，“年來枯盡英雄血，獨有吞胡志不磨”，“真同喪狗生無愧，縱比流螢死有光”“雲崩日落豺狼嘯，地黑天昏傀儡強”，“死去不妨蠅作客，生還何必爵封侯？年來努發衝如戟，憤處猶堪刺虜頭”

被清軍“寸磔於市”的陳邦彥的詩“難將憂憤填滄海，剩有悲歌貫白虹”

張煌言“予生則中華兮死則大明, 寸丹為重兮七尺為輕.，予之浩氣兮化為雷霆, 予之精神兮變為日星”

曾祖父為萬曆名相張居正的張同敞“亡家骨肉皆怨鬼，多難師生共哭聲。想見刀頭空一切，長宵盼不到天明” “白刃臨頭唯一笑，青天在上任人狂”“破碎山河休葬骨”“魂兮懶指歸鄉路，直往諸陵拜舊碑”

和張同敞同死的瞿式耜“四大久拼成泡影，英魂到底護皇明”“二祖江山人盡擲”“坐看神州已陸沉”“舉世滔滔狂不醒，孤臣矯矯行偏危。無逃大義昭千古，敢望文山節並垂”“日月晦朦天不霽，河山破碎地偏寒。俘囚血熱魂常在，炯炯雙眸死後看”“詩篇留血淚，千載有人知”“三百年來恩澤久，頭絲猶帶滿天香”

與侯峒曾一起領導嘉定抗清的黃淳耀臨死前血書於牆上

“大明進士黃淳耀，以弘光元年七月四日自裁於僧舍，讀書寡益，學道無成，耿耿不寐此心而已……異日夷氛复靖，中華士庶再見天日，論其事者尚知予心！”

領導江陰抗清的閻應元“八十日帶發效忠，表太祖十七朝人物，十萬人同心死義，留大明三百里江山。”

李定國在“吳三桂縊死朱由樃噩耗傳來”的時候，“'號慟祈死'，曰：'負國負民，使中原沉淪何以對天下？何以對祖宗'”“兩眼惟流血珠，號哭自擲地百許，三日不食，自表上帝以祈死，終於憤鬱致病，七日而死”。 “有說李定國墓在景線者，景線為舊普洱府管景線宣撫司，其墓'至今寸草不生，蠻人過路，必稽首頓拜，大呼李將軍三聲而後去”[8]

李定國臨死前留下的遺言告誡兒子“寧死荒徼，無降也！”，他一生戰功赫赫，但因為各種原因牽掣，壯志難酬，被已故歷史學家顧誠評價為“在明清之際各方面的人物當中，他是光彩四耀的一顆巨星，其他任何人都無從望其項背。”

雖有同室操戈罪過的紹武帝朱聿鐭，被清兵抓捕後，拒絕飲食，說“吾若飲汝一勺水，何以見先帝於地下”自縊而死。

還有大量普通人乃至婦女都表現出可歌可泣的氣節，這裡僅舉三例。

清軍南下“崑山城陷，死難者四萬餘人，顧炎武的生母何氏被清兵砍去右臂，兩個弟弟遭殺害，好友吳其沆也被捕蒙難。顧炎武奉嗣母王氏避兵於常熟，王氏聞城陷，絕食十五天死節，臨終時給顧炎武留下遺言：'我雖婦人，身受國恩，與國俱亡，義也。汝無為異國臣子，無負世世國恩，無忘先祖遺訓，則吾可以瞑於地下。 '”

清人筆記中有一則這樣的記載“本朝開國時，江陰城最後降，……時城中積尸滿岸，穢不可聞，女子囓指血題詩'寄語路人休掩鼻，活人不及死人香'”[9]

永曆皇帝死於昆明的時候“城中士民'皆垂淚，有慟哭失聲者'，時逼死坡腳有法華庵，庵內十八尼姑聞朱由樃殉國，即自焚庵內．吳承爵妻有一女一子，其令兒女先自縊，有人勸之曰：'何乃如此' 吳妻曰：'國亡種奴，此等小孩，我死誰見憐，與其留之，謂賊作父，莫若與之俱死耳。'於是自縊死”[10]

烈士慷慨赴死，遺民們則無日不生於痛苦。

屈大均[11]“師仇兮未復，與國恥兮孳孳。早佯狂兮不仕，矢漆身兮報之”

“文章總為先朝作，涕淚私從舊內揮。”“萬古遺民此恨長，中華無地作邊牆”“慷慨干戈裡，文章任殺身”“血淚長江瀉，愁心日月懸。千秋蘭麝土，萬里虎狼天”。

他在1696年（康熙三十五年）寫的《翁山屈子生壙自志》更把他在滿清黑暗統治下的痛憤心情表達得淋漓盡致“六十六年中，無日不蒙乎患難，無時不處乎困窮。險阻艱難，備嘗其苦，亦何嘗有生之所耶？所受於父母者，而已毀傷。所秉於天地者，而已戕賊。無罪而為城旦之髡，無辜而有裸國之逐，亦何嚐一日而得為人也耶？則一日之生，非即一日之死耶”[12]

陳恭尹[13]詩“一二孤臣山嶺間，泣盡蒼穹還繼血。只期不負方寸心，寧知姓氏千秋列？……身膏草野幾何人？毅魄英魂總英傑。……表往所以勤方將，大書特書吾所望，其副寄我山中藏”

他在《先友集序》中說“更變以來，其間斃於行楊，僕於草野，逃於浮屠方士者相繼，……想見其淋漓杯酒，掀髯唱酬，奮袂激昂之日。嗟夫！彼何時也？今一二存者，大抵困臥窮山，愊惻日暮。有所欲言，咀嚼喉舌間，週視四座之人而後敢發。……”

明末清初雲南的抗清義士陳佐才，不顧滿清的留發不留頭之令，蓄發明志“巍巍仍漢官威儀”，出入蒙舍山中，身騎毛驢，以示不踩清朝之地，頭戴斗笠，以示不頂清朝之天，唯飲雨水度日，以示不飲清朝之水，晚年更鑿石為棺，以示死不入清朝之土。他憤極之時，亦揮臂大呼“摘句尋章學腐儒，觸機掩卷又狂呼。眼前多少不平事，昔贈莫邪還在無？”

七十歲死，在亭柱上寫著一聯“其生明臣其死明鬼，不葬清土不戴清天”。

家人把他埋葬在石棺之中，並在石棺上刻上他的自挽詩“明末孤臣，死不改節；埋在石中，日煉精魄；雨泣風號，常為弔客。”[14]

王夫之1672年得聞方以智殉難的消息[15]，作《聞極丸翁兇訊，不禁狂哭，痛定輒吟二章》，摘錄兩句“長夜悠悠二十年，流螢死焰燭高天。春浮夢裡半歸鶴，敗葉雲中哭杜鵑。”

他以前投奔南明永曆而不得時有一首詩“天涯天涯，吾將何之？頸血如泉欲迸出，紅潮湧上光陸離。漣水東流資水北，精衛欲填填不得。 ”

在康熙二十八年（1690）其自題墓石中說

“有明遺臣行人王夫之……自為銘曰：抱劉越石之孤憤而命無從致，希張橫渠之正學而力不能企，幸全歸於茲丘，固銜卹以永世。戊申紀元後三百年十有年月日”

他特別告誡兒子“墓石可不作，徇汝兄弟為之，止此不可增損一字。行狀原為請志銘而設，既有銘，不可贅作。若汝兄弟能老而好學，可不以譽我者毀我，數十年後，略紀以示後人可耳，勿庸問世也。背此者自昧其心。己巳九月朔書授攽”

墓誌銘中說的“戊申紀元”，是明太祖朱元璋的洪武元年，即明朝開國的時間。王夫之特別強調“墓石可不作”，但如果作，則“不可增損一字”，“背此者自昧其心”，其心跡可見。這和陳佐才“其生明臣其死明鬼”是同一用意。

1680年，顧炎武夫人死於於崑山，他身在北方，於妻子的靈位前痛哭祭拜，作詩說“貞姑馬鬣在江村，送汝黃泉六歲孫。地下相逢告父姥，遺民猶有一人存。”

他另一首詩：“萬事有不平，爾何空自苦；長將一寸身，銜木到終古？我願平東海，身沉心不改；大海無平期，我心無絕時。”，是把推翻清朝統治比作精衛平東海，這一事業只要一天不實現，他就一天不甘心。

王邦畿《耳鳴集》自序：“十年以前不復存，十年以後不敢存，其或託微辭以自見，亦自聽之，人不得已而聽之也，故曰耳鳴雲”，有詩雲“已知世界全無地，遂令波濤盡拍天” [16]

《戊子歌》（揭露清軍罪惡） “鳩居雀巢，主人鼠竄。不能鼠竄，朝夕供餐。雖則供餐，猶怒不繁。束刀入市，奪民之食。駕言行邁，擄民供役，千里不犯，中道絕息。嫦娥者妝，羅列成行。幾微失意，飲劍以亡。或撻未死，逐出路旁。見者飲泣，不敢匿藏。……民之憔悴，莫甚於此。”

《癸巳歲》“天地已如此，人民豈復論？賣田供賦稅，得米鬻兒孫。辛苦將誰告？憂思只自存。念予還有姐，飢餓在南村”

《水陸道場寄幽歌》“昔時鬼少今鬼多，昔時鬼子多白頭，今時鬼子多缺頭。缺頭持頭來，持頭續頭去。老僧面向鬼子陳，眼前黑面是仁人”

岑徵的詩邊作邊毀。留下的只是一些感情比較收斂的殘餘，何絳跋其詩云“……擊缺唾壺，引滿燈下，亦必見之吟詠以寫其悲憤。惟與二三知己，放聲朗誦數十過，或仰天大笑而繼之以泣，泣已復碎其稿，投諸狂瀾烈炭之中，故其詩不與俗人見者十常八九”

王隼“聆陰風兮木葉下，望故國兮霜露零。曲不成兮心已碎，書不盡兮淚先零”“長夜漫漫何時旦”“龍泉罷舞燈光裂”“致書當路少，入夢故人多。暗淚已如此，明燈無奈何”“竟夕醒雙眼，微吟只自呈”

何鞏道“諸老丹心付流水，孤臣血淚灑南風”“血盡眼中飛作淚，愁纏筆底寫成詩”“夢中人事最分明”“十年買酒醒還醉”

廖衷赤《悲今夕》“挽弓向蝸國，牽牛祭豺虎。夜鬼哭黃昏，戰血流江渚”“栖栖無所事，歲月已蹉跎。世事尚如此，吾身將若何？ ”

郭之奇“萬卷詩書隨一炬，千秋霜管俟他年”

李成憲，“歌已而哭，哭已復歌”，“所為詩多刻厲淒婉之音，詩成，時時自焚其稿”

函可“地上反奄奄，地下多生氣” “一朝日月墜，大地共倉皇”

“一讀一斷絕，雙眼血橫披。公詩化作血，予血化作詩。不知詩與血？萬古濕淋漓”（《讀杜詩》）

“便從今日死，已是舊朝人”（《生日》）

“高冥展青素，浩浩寫心胸。心胸亦何有？浮雲日夜撞。傾血三百斛，奔流瀉石缸。化作大海濤，一盪天地蒙”

易宏“予也風雲為骨，月露為懷，每寄心於有恨之人，而興哀於無情之地。時於山巔水涯，叢林破塚，荒墟古廟，殘城廢苑，戰爭之場，歌舞之地，吊遺香於月夜，哭舊壘於秋風，輒徘徊不能去，輒詩以記之。……僕本恨人，時逢幻遇。茫茫千古，悵往事之何窮。脈脈寸心，問他年而誰解”

“縱成精衛河猶塞，便化啼鵑血未乾”

“嘯崑崙之峰，孤立滄溟之外，……吾生也當於夕陽流水而俱馳，吾沒也當與月露風雲而長在”

江浩在明亡後“酒酣輒奔往黃山絕頂，呼天問之。因舉聲長號，響振林谷，山中禽獸聞之，迴翔躑躅，悲不能止，浩居山中四年，晨夕遊息，哀至輒歌，歌已輒哭” [17]

周思南明亡後飲酒嘔血而死，“前太常博士王玉書哭之書曰：'思南之倔然狂放於曲蘗間，幾不知身外有何天地，是何世界，捨此且不知置吾身於何地。昔人詩云：'酒無通夜力，事滿五更心'，德林蓋期於無復醒時以自全也”

林時對在明亡後，一日“湖上演劇，遠望場間有冕旒而前者，或曰：此流賊破京師也，因狂號，自欄輿撞身下，踣地暈絕，流血滿面，伶人亦共流涕，為之罷劇。嗣是不復出”

張蓋在明亡後，“自閉土室中，飲酒獨酌，醉輒痛哭，雖妻子不得見，……其為詩哀憤過情，恆自毀其稿，或作狂草累百過，至不可辯識乃已”

還有如當時只有16歲，後來成為天文曆算學家的王錫闡，在1644年，得知崇禎死訊，滿清入京的消息後，“自縊，投河，絕食，三度以死殉國” [18 ]，沒有死成，明亡以後，基本上一生都是在痛苦憤懣中度過，“……誓不仕清，加入明遺民圈子，曾與呂留良，張履祥等在江蘇講授廉洛之學”。在著名科學史家席澤宗院士的文章中對他有過介紹，“他們精通數學、天文，學貫中西。尤其是王錫闡，在美國吉利斯皮(G．G．Gillispe)主編的《科學家傳記辭典》中，還請席文(N．Sivin)先生為他寫了一篇長達10頁的傳記。而在這部書中，中國科學家被列傳的僅有9人。”[19]

透過歷史煙雲，我們可以看到層層白骨，累累血污。這一場大浩劫，把中華最優秀的人物幾乎掃蕩略盡，把中國人脊梁骨也徹底打斷，從此奴才氣，瞞與騙，做戲的虛無黨，精神勝利法成為了中國人的民族性。這一場浩劫。彷彿做了一個歷史的大篩子，把骨頭最硬，品格最高潔，才華最特出的人物幾乎通過這個篩子消滅乾淨，餘下的除了少數隱姓埋名，深居不出，壯志未酬，忍辱負重的遺民，就只剩下助紂為虐的，苟且偷生的，懦弱無能的。中國從此成為奴才之邦，禽獸之邦。

縱觀烈士與遺民的詩詞，他們的痛苦、憤怒、悲哀如此深遠，如此廣大，籠罩了天地，籠罩了心靈。 “血淚長江瀉”“泣盡蒼穹還繼血”，“血盡眼中飛作淚”。他們字裡行間，充斥的是對明朝的眷戀與至死不渝的歸屬，痛恨的是清軍如豺狼橫行的兇殘暴虐，憤懣的是即便長歌當哭也要“週視四座之人而後敢發” ，即便作詩以抒悲憤，也要“碎其稿，投諸狂瀾烈炭”的黑暗壓抑；他們把自己比成精衛，自嘲為喪狗、流螢、螳臂，即便是做著決絕無望的努力，也依然不改其志；他們痛苦於長夜漫漫，看不到盡頭，“長宵盼不到天明”“長夜漫漫何時旦”“長夜悠悠二十年”；他們把自己靈魂置於煉獄火焰中灼烤,“一日之生，非即一日之死耶”。

參考書目

[1] 素有神童之譽，“五歲知五經，九歲善詞賦古文”，他的《大哀賦》，得到“一代之大文，誰謂古今人不相及也”的評價，當時的大詩人吳梅村見到後，為之“愧敬交加，痛哭三日”。

[2] 時志明著《山魂水魄——明末清初節烈詩人山水詩論》，鳳凰出版社，2006年7月

[3] 孫靜庵《明遺民錄》浙江古籍出版社1985年7月第1版，第1頁

[4]朱義祿《論黃宗羲與全祖望的“遺民”觀——兼論中華民族的浩然正氣》，《寧波黨校學報》2006年第5期[5]直到八十高齡仍舊直接參與抗清軍事鬥爭，這在起義的人也是相當少見的。漢奸尚可喜想作書招降他，被他嚴詞拒絕，和王興一家於同日自丅焚而死。

[6] 黃公輔及以下張家玉、陳邦彥、張同敞、瞿式耜諸人的詩都引自黃海章著的《明末廣東抗清詩人評傳》，廣東人民出版社，1987年1月第一版，為免煩瑣，不一一註釋

[7] 是崇禎進士，北京城破，他逃到南京；南京被陷，他又到福建參與抗清；接著又回到家鄉廣東組織抗清，可以算得上萬里奔波，家族被屠戮殆盡，而矢志抗清，毫無動搖，最後在增城被圍，矢盡炮裂，投水而死。 [8] 引自朱淨宇《清風明月走雲南: 明末清初滇迤舊事》，雲南大學出版社2001

[9] 轉引自時志明著《山魂水魄——明末清初節烈詩人山水詩論》，鳳凰出版社，2006年7月

[10] 朱淨宇《清風明月走雲南: 明末清初滇迤舊事》，雲南大學出版社2001

[11] 屈大均生於1630年，就比夏完淳大一歲，是殉難烈士陳邦彥的學生。他是大詩人大學者，同時也是反清志士，明亡後，他遊歷大江南北，結交各地豪傑，其中就有顧炎武等人，希圖恢復，但歷盡艱難，終歸沒有成功。他的著作被清統治者痛恨，被毀書刳墓。他的詩氣魄雄放“如萬壑奔濤，一瀉千里”，即便當時一些腆顏事清的文人，也不得不承認其文學成就高山仰止

[12]屈大均和以下陳恭尹的詩文都引自黃海章著的《明末廣東抗清詩人評傳》，廣東人民出版社，1987年1月第一版，第9-25頁

[13] 他是抗清烈士陳邦彥的兒子

[14]朱淨宇《清風明月走雲南: 明末清初滇迤舊事》，雲南大學出版社2001

[15]根據余英時考證，方以智是被清廷抓捕後，在文天祥詩中的惶恐灘自盡而死）

[16 ] 以下從王邦畿到易宏的諸人詩文以及事蹟都引自黃海章著的《明末廣東抗清詩人評傳》，為免煩瑣不一一註釋

[17] 以下從江浩到張蓋等四人的事蹟引自孫靜庵所著《明遺民錄》

[18] 尚智叢《明末清初(1582——1687)的格物窮理之學: 中國科學發展的前近代形態》，四川教育出版社，2003年，第198頁

[19] 席澤宗《論康熙科學政策的失誤》，《自然科學史研究》，2000年第1期

Cheongsam Facts （旗袍的事實）

noreply@blogger.com (Aced) — Thu, 08 Sep 2011 06:36:00 +0000

FACTS: The current Cheongsam(qipao) that we know nowadays only appear in the early 1920's. It is a modified version of Manchurian women garb that was modified to cater the need of GROs in nightclubs and brothels in Shanghai.

Conclusion: Modern cheongsam is not Chinese nor Manchurian traditional costume.

事實:我們現今所知的旗袍其實起源之1920年代的上海夜店和妓院。爲了拉攏顧客與嫖客的需要，在夜店以及妓院的小姐們就把原本的滿族婦女傳統的旗袍西化以及性感化，從此現代旗袍就誕生了！

結論：傳下來不一定是正統，失傳未必是不正統。傳統要看哪一代，有空去搜索一下現代旗袍的由來，它不是華人民族服裝，也不能算是滿人民族服裝。

旗袍原身乃滿族公主（格格）與滿族貴族婦女之服
The original cheongsam (qipao) was wore by the Manchurian women

ps: 滿族與華族（漢族）是兩個不一樣民族。切記！

References（註釋與參考）:

黄能馥：《中国服装史》，北京，中国旅游出版社，1995

许地山：《近三百年来中国底女装》（下，续五），大公报，1935年6月22日

周锡保：《中国古代服饰史》，北京，中国戏剧出版社，1984

郑逸梅：《服御之变迁》，上海，纺织染工程，1946年第4期

Selamat Hari Raya Aidilfitri and Selamat Merdeka

noreply@blogger.com (Aced) — Wed, 31 Aug 2011 08:38:00 +0000

Selamat Hari Raya Aidilfitri and Selamat Merdeka to fellow Malaysian. Its been awhile since I updated. LOL!

Let me share with everyone this video, an advertisement for Hari Raya Aidilfitri and Malaysia Independence Day

Did you see anything? YES!! No more cheongsam or samfu for Chinese. GREAT! Finally ad producer put an effort in knowing that cheongsam isn't Chinese traditional costume. The true Chinese traditional costume is Hanfu. Kudos to them :D

You might be interested in this too:

Do You Know That Cheongsam Is Not Chinese Traditional Clothing?

RTM2 Galeri Nasional Mandarin 《前線視窗》 - Chinese Feast （漢宴） & Hanfu Kindergarden - Blossom Kides (真善美經典學院)

noreply@blogger.com (Aced) — Fri, 13 May 2011 20:05:00 +0000

Hanfu Kindergarden - Blossom Kides (真善美經典學院)

Chinese Feast （漢宴）

Chinese Feast （漢宴）in Major Chinese Mass Media

noreply@blogger.com (Aced) — Wed, 16 Feb 2011 12:00:00 +0000

14/01/2011 - China Press (中國報)

14/01/2011 - GuangMing Daily (光明日報)


14/01/2011 - Nanyang Siang Pao (南洋商報）


14/01/2011 -Sin Chew Jit Poh (星洲日報)

13/02/2011 - NTV7's Mandarin7 News Report

12/02/2011 A Grand Chinese Feast （漢宴）

noreply@blogger.com (Aced) — Wed, 16 Feb 2011 10:56:00 +0000

Day 10 of Lunar New Year, the world first grand (true and proper) Chinese Fest after 360 years of forceful disappearance was finally back and this grand feast was held in Palace Of The Golden Horses, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. This dinner strictly follows the Rites of Zhou（周制禮）and through this it has has brought out the essence in Chinese culture & etiquette which are respect, courtesy & manners. In my view, this event is a success and also another milestone in restoring Hanfu & also Chinese rites & etiquette for Hanfu Movement in Malaysia. Good job to everyone in the movement :D

Phase 1: Check in

Ticket for the Chinese Feast

Registration Counter

Red cloth still covering tablet of Chinese Ancestors

By 7pm most people has arrived

Phase 2: Ritual of inviting Ancestors

Organising Committee preparing to perform ritual for inviting the Ancestor to the dinner

The ritual begins

Inviting Ancestor by facing to the North Eastern direction (the place where Heaven is situated)

Tablet of Chinese Ancestors finally unveiled

Paying respect to the Ancestors

Phase 3: Into the hall ceremony

The first to step in is Young Malaysian Movement (YMM) President, Mr. Ng Chin Long accompanied by Malaysia Hanfu Movement initiator, Mr. Kong Chee Huat.

Participants paying respect to the Ancestors

Greeting each other by bowing

Finally, everyone is in the hall

Phase 4: 3 Toasts
Before the beginning of any event, is important to pay respect to the Ancestor and greet everyone in the hall with a toast of wine.

A toast to the Ancestors

A toast to the people opposite

A toast to all participants

Speech by Chief Coordinator of the event, Mr Loh

Malaysia TV station RTM was there to record and report the event

A speech by YMM President

A speech by Malaysia Hanfu Movement initiator

Phase 5: Let the Dinner Begins

Miss NTV7 reporter enjoying her meal

Phase 6: After Meal Entertaiment

Guqin performance

After having a sumptuous meal, Miss NTV7 reporter is finally up and ready to do her job

RTM interviewing Guqin master

NTV7 interviewing Mr. Kong

Phase 7: Games

Musical Rose (something like musical chair and the person that has the rose will have to say something auspicious and he too has to gulp down a small cup of wine)

Chinese traditional game - Touhu (投壺)

Phase 8: Closing Ceremony

Before closing the event, all participants would need to tidy up themselves as the ritual of sending off Ancestors will begin in a short while

The ritual begin with sending off speech and words of gratitude to the Ancestors

Paying respect to the leaving Ancestors

A bow to everyone as a sign of farewell

Bowing to the tablet of Chinese Ancestors as a sign of farewell to the Ancestors

A bow to each other as a sign of farewell

Post Event Photos

Da Lv Guqin Institute

Mr. & Mrs. Kong

Malaysia Hanfu Movement, Melaka (Malacca)

Chinese Feast （漢宴）2011 Organising Committee

From all of us: "Wishing everyone a prosperous & happy Chinese New Year "

For more pictures

Official Released: http://www.facebook.com/album.php?aid=2110957&id=1320693272

My own photo album: http://www.facebook.com/album.php?aid=2113836&id=1097607800&fbid=1862381514759

110211 RTM2 Galeri Nasional Mandarin 《前線視窗》CNY Special - Chinese Traditional Costume

noreply@blogger.com (Aced) — Tue, 15 Feb 2011 07:36:00 +0000

[Documentary] Disappearance of Hanfu [ 紀錄片 ] 華夏消亡史

noreply@blogger.com (Aced) — Thu, 10 Feb 2011 18:48:00 +0000

[ 紀錄片 ] 漢服消亡史

*This video is in Cantonese

[ 紀錄片 ]　剃髮易服

*This video is in Mandarin

You might be interested in this too:

你應該也會對此有興趣：

華人文化基本中的基本是什麽？

noreply@blogger.com (Aced) — Sun, 30 Jan 2011 19:57:00 +0000

大家可知華人文化的最基本是什麽嗎？難道是琴棋書畫？難道是民間風俗？

其實，華人最基本的文化是「華夏」。孔子，孟子，老子還沒出現時早已存在。爲何我們叫　‘華人’？這也是因爲華夏。華人只是華夏人的簡稱，而大家可懂華夏是什麽嗎？

這可從《左傳•定公十年》和《尚書正義》裏得到解釋。《尚書正義》註“華夏”：“冕服華章曰華，大國曰夏。” 而《左傳•定公十年》疏雲：“中國有禮儀之大，故稱夏；有章服之美，謂之華。” 所以，華夏裏的「華」和「夏」實際上是指華人的衣服和華人的禮。就到此，有些人會問，此服爲何服，此禮爲何禮？爲何是華夏為華人文化基本中的基本？

華人的衣服其實指的是衣裳（華）而華人的禮其實指的是禮樂（夏）。為和作爲華人文化的基本中的基本？我們從衣裳「華」開始講。《易經》中有一句話：“黃帝堯舜垂衣裳而天下治”。這一句試圖解釋黃帝堯舜“垂衣裳”而達到“天下治”的原因。原始人本不穿衣，黃帝時部落、部落同盟的形成，要求在人群中區分管理者與被管理者，即官與民。於是人們發明衣裳，從而結束了散亂無秩的狀態。這就是“黃帝堯舜垂衣裳而天下治”的含義。簡單而言，衣裳是象徵。

那麽，衣裳是什麽？衣裳就是漢服而他們有個大名就是華夏衣冠。所以，我們的傳統服飾是漢服。漢服不是指“漢朝服飾”，而是“漢民族的民族服飾”。那麽漢族是什麽？其實漢族就是華族，而此名是華族的另一個名稱。就因爲如此所以華語也稱漢語，華語字也稱漢字。

現在我們就談談「夏」。「夏」乃禮樂而“垂衣裳”之後，發生了周公制禮作樂。何謂禮樂？禮樂是規矩，在不同場合，不同身份的人，不但禮儀有別，所用的音樂也不同。所以華人禮樂其實很博大精深。

「華」與「夏」爲何那麽重要？爲何是基本中的基本？這是因爲「華」是個民族的象徵如同一個國家軍隊的軍服而「夏」是個民族的規矩如同軍隊裏的軍法。如果各國軍隊無軍服，那麽就會很亂，因爲分不清軍官和士兵，敵與我也分不清，天下必亂。還有，如果我們連自家衣裳都不認了反而跑去穿他人衣服還當成自家的，就代表這個民族已抛開自己的外表，放棄自己的身份，此民族必亡，那就好像一個國家的軍隊再也不穿自國軍裝反而穿起他國軍裝一樣，就代表此國已亡。所以，一旦捨棄自己民族的身份，規矩也不必跟了而漸漸的「夏」也就會消失。

到此又有人會問，華人深受孔子儒家思想影響幾千年，可否算是華人文化基本中的基本？若否，那又爲何？很簡單，儒家只是諸子百家衆多學説中其中一家。若是儒家是華夏文化的基本中的基本那麽法家，道家和其他學説是什麽？就好像軍隊裏，個個士兵都有自己的理念，哲學，價值觀和看法。若隨便拿一個人或軍隊裏其中一個士兵的哲學和理念壓在其他士兵身上，不過多久必會發生兵變。所以，要維持擁有那麽多不一樣想法的軍隊不兵變，必須要有個個士兵都認同的東西而這個當然是軍法和軍服。同樣的，華夏人以前的社會是由王，士，民組成而能讓大家都認同以及沒法挑戰只有「華」與「夏」而不是什麽諸子百家學説。也不要忘了，華夏文明有5000年曆史而儒學和其他諸子百家學説也只不過有大概3000多年的歷史，所以儒學何談得起為華人文化基本中的基本。

「華」和「夏」很重要，就因「華」和「夏」是我們都認同的東西，就因「華」和「夏」是我們華人的根而在當今「華」和「夏」已到了膛目不識先王法服的地步了，我和我的同袍才做起了漢服復興運動。我們做漢服復興運動就是要復興大家都認同的東西，用漢服找回華夏禮儀而從此達成復興華夏之意。所以，全球的漢服復運動都有個共同的理念那就是，“華夏復興，衣冠先行！”。

**若大家有興趣一同弘揚華夏文化，想參與我們的活動或者對我們的運動很支持，那我們邀請大家加入我們《馬來西亞 - 漢服運動》的Facebook page。

華夏復興，衣冠先行。我們等待您的參與！ ^^

你應該也會對此有興趣：

我們又再次上報了。。呵呵 ^^v

noreply@blogger.com (Aced) — Sat, 29 Jan 2011 04:51:00 +0000

東方日報 - 28/1/2011

詩華日報（砂拉越）- 28/1/2011

評論：字眼的選擇不適當，會讓人誤會我們是在玩復古而不是真的想要復興華夏。強烈強調！漢服非古装，這和稱一個語言為古語一样，會讓人以為你在說那些已經没有活人在日常生活中使用的語言。漢服是華人的傳統服飾，此服飾可穿來過節赴宴上班上學上街購物，不是什麽古装！

古裝此名號是滿清政府在當年欺壓華人時挂上去的。目的在於要讓華人對自己的另一半的文化產生陌生與遙遠感，最終達成讓華人忘記自己的華夏文化裏的華。華夏裏的華代表著漢服，華夏裏的夏代表著禮儀。兩者缺一，次文化就等同死了一樣。沒了文化，我們華人還是一個民族嗎？

我們又上報了。。 ^^v

noreply@blogger.com (Aced) — Tue, 25 Jan 2011 19:00:00 +0000

中國報副刊－25/1/2011

10/11/2010 Muhibbah Dinner 2010

noreply@blogger.com (Aced) — Tue, 07 Dec 2010 09:55:00 +0000

With the collaboration between MMU Melaka & the state government of Melaka, a state event dinner called Muhibbah Dinner was held in Dewan Seri Negeri, Ayer Keroh, Melaka. Even though is a state dinner, the food provided is kind of little for 8 people in a table. Luckily, this event was not defined by its food but by the awesome people in their traditional clothing. It is not always everyone has the chance to wear their traditional clothing and sit together with each other in a dinner and because of this, this event is awesome.

After 300 years of absence and forceful replacement with Manchurian garb, Chinese Traditional clothing is finally back in the eyes of the world.

You might be interested in this too:

3/10/2010 Of McD & Hanfu

noreply@blogger.com (Aced) — Fri, 03 Dec 2010 03:11:00 +0000

Right after the Mid-Autumn festival night event in UTEM, still wearing my Hanfu, I and my fellow Aikido friends went to Dataran Pahlawan's McD for yumcha session and also to celebrate Ah Tong's birthday. We had lots of fun there and the main fun is that the UNO game that we played turn us into some crazy people. LOL!

On the left, Birthday boy, Jason Tong & on the right, Yee Hong

Below were my expressions after a few sets of UNO game. It really turns me into some freak. LOL!

You might be interested in this too:

2/10/2010 UTEM Mid-Autumn Festival Night

noreply@blogger.com (Aced) — Thu, 25 Nov 2010 07:33:00 +0000

On 2 Oct, I went to UTEM for their Mid-Autumn Festival celebration. A great event as they exhibited lots of Chinese arts, presenting to the public what is the meaning in celebrating Mid-Autumn, nice sketch comedy & also lots of fun games to be played. This event was also great as the committees has successfully brought the true Chinese traditional costume, Hanfu to the public's attention through their Hanfu exhibition & sketch comedy. Enjoyed the celebration a lot as I once again get to know new friends. Thanks Xiang Yi for your invitation, I had fun :D

A picture with the organising committee

A picture with leng zai. He also wore Hanfu but I don't have that picture. So sad~

A picture with leng lui. She will look great in Hanfu :D

YEAH!! WE ARE AWESOME~ ROAR!!

You might be interested in this too:

23/9/2010 UKM Mid-Autumn Festival

noreply@blogger.com (Aced) — Sat, 20 Nov 2010 07:06:00 +0000

On 23 Sept, I went up to Bangi from Melaka to participate in the Mid-Autumn celebration organised by UKM. A celebration which consist of Moon worshiping ceremony, an introduction on Chinese traditional costume (Hanfu) & carrying lantern around the campus. It was a fun trip & also an unforgettable one as this was the first time I donned on my traditional costume to celebrate a traditional festival and get to know some new friends (it was also unforgettable as this event was held on my finals. LOL!).

You might be interested in this too:

About Samfu/Magua (馬褂)

noreply@blogger.com (Aced) — Fri, 19 Nov 2010 06:43:00 +0000

We all know in the picture above is a piece of clothing called Magua or Samfu but how many people will know the actual story behind this piece of clothing?

A Magua (馬褂, literally "riding jacket") is a short-sleeved, loose outer garment of Manchu origin, designed for ease to put on and take off by wearers on horseback. This clothing was the standard military uniform for the Qing Dynasty Manchu's Eight Banners soldier.

Since this is a military uniform & due to the fact that Manchu's Eight Banners soldiers had played big roll in implementing Queue and Costume Order (剃髮易服), it is considered by many that this clothing was stained with the bloods of millions Chinese.

In 1645, just right after Manchu Qing regime (滿清)* was established in China, the Qing regime enacted a law which is called the Queue and Costume Order (剃髮易服). The law on queue imposes only on Chinese and not other ethnics in China and in this law, the government required all Chinese’s male to cut their hair half bald and the rest of the hair should be turned into a queue (pigtail) in the same time, all Chinese along with other ethnics should change their clothing into Manchurian clothing. Anyone that defies the law will have to face death sentence through beheading. Basically, the Qing regime wants to forcefully force Manchurian clothing and culture (head half bald and queue) on the Chinese.

In order to protect the Chinese culture & ethnic costume from being perverted & destroyed by the new law, Chinese in the whole of China started to resist the order fiercely by taking up arms & rebel against the Manchu Qing regime. In retaliation, the Qing regime struck back with deadly force, massacring all who refused to follow the new law all around the country. This has caused lots of tragedies (plundering, kidnapping beautiful looking girl as an offer to the imperial court and rape) and genocides, one of the famous massacre is the Jiading Three Massacres with estimated death tolls in the tens (or even hundreds) of thousands.

The imposition of this order was not uniform; it took up to 10 years of martial enforcement for all of China to be brought into compliance with a death toll estimating 30millions(mostly Chinese). The purpose of the law is to let the Qing regime detects any Ming Dynasty (明朝) loyalist (considered rebel) and in the same time destroyed the pride of the Chinese in order to let the Qing regime an easy control of the Chinese so that the day to day governance will run smoothly.

A Manchu Qing Soldier wearing Magua

Besides of being a military uniform for the Eight Banners, Magua was also a clothing that act as a status symbol for the Manchu's noble in Manchu Qing society as this piece of clothing was exclusively for the Manchu's royalty & noble families only. Due to that, for the first 100 years of the Qing regime, Chinese was prohibited from donning Magua & this applies even to the Chinese (informers, court officials, armed personnel...) that has contributed tremendously in the implementation of Queue and Costume Order.

But things started to change during the time of Kangxi Emperor. As the Manchu Qing regime wants the allegiance of the Chinese officials, they started to confer Magua as reward (similar to military decoration that is given to military personnel or units for heroism in battle or distinguished service) to those Chinese that has achieved great feat in the enforcement & implementation of the Queue and Costume Order among the Chinese populace in China during the beginning of the dynasty.

Chinese that has been conferred with Magua will don this clothing in formal occasions & they are proud of it as this proved that the Manchu Qing regime has recognised their contribution. Besides, with having Magua conferred to them, they felt that they had joined the ranks of the Manchu nobility & they believed they had became 1 of them due to the fact that Magua was exclusively an apparel for the Manchu noble, and so, for these Chinese, it is something to be proud of. This is something similar to those Chinese that feels proud & glorious for being able to wear Japanese military uniform & contribute to the course of the Imperial Japanese Army during World War II.

No matter what, is a fact that Magua is a military uniform which was donned by the soldiers in the Manchu's Eight Banners Army & since the Eight Banners had played a significant role in the enforcement & implementation of the Queue and Costume Order it has definitely stained with the bloods of millions Chinese that had resisted the law. So, isn't wearing such clothing to worship one ancestor or celebrate traditional Chinese festivals is kind of insult and disrespect to the Chinese culture & their ancestor? Imagine Chinese wearing Imperial Japanese Army military uniform or Jews wearing Wehrmacht (Nazi Germany Armed Forces) uniform to commemorate Nanjing massacre & the Holocaust, do you think is acceptable? For normal thinking person, all these are unacceptable, insulting & disrespectful towards those that had suffered or fallen in those events. So, if you are Chinese, after knowing all these will you still willing to wear Magua to worship your ancestor & celebrate Chinese traditional festivals with such clothing?

You might be interested in this too:

馬褂背後的故事

noreply@blogger.com (Aced) — Thu, 18 Nov 2010 20:19:00 +0000

我們都懂上面的圖裏的衣是馬褂/唐莊*但我們對它有多了解呢？

*此衣跟唐朝沒關係

馬褂其實是滿清八旗軍隊裏士兵的戰鬥常服也是滿清貴族的專用服。因爲是士兵的戰鬥常服所以此衣沾滿了華人的血。

穿著馬褂的滿清士兵

馬褂站滿了3千-7千萬漢人（華人）的血而最終原因在於滿清政府當年推行“剃髮易服令”。清軍(清朝軍隊)入關後，以多爾袞爲首的满洲貴族為鞏固满洲人對中國的統治、強壓漢族的民族反抗意識和民族自尊，在顺治二年（1645年）頒佈了“剃髮易服令”。簡單而言，满清政府是要把漢族人傳統通髮飾和服装改变，強迫漢人採用满族游牧民族的髮飾、服装的奴化政策。那時漢人爲了反對滿清政府的政策而進行了英勇的抵抗。清政府为了控制情况，進行了疯狂鎮壓和残忍屠杀。這種慘不忍道的鎮壓在中國進行了十年之久而整整3千-7千萬余人犧牲。經過这番血腥的洗禮後漢人才逼不得已的穿上旗袍長衫和剃頭髮。

除此之外，在清朝的頭一百年，此衣只限於滿清的士兵與貴族，連為滿清的“剃髮易服令”而出賣族人立下大功的漢奸都不許穿此衣。但是，在康熙时期爲了拉攏漢人（華人），滿清政府就破例，給立過功的漢奸封馬褂意識獎賞。對漢奸而言，被封馬褂是件很榮耀的事。此擧就跟當年日本二次大戰，漢奸為日軍服務時，穿日軍軍服而感到驕傲是一樣的。

問題來了，爲何他們都感到那麽榮耀與驕傲呢？答案很簡單，因馬褂是滿族貴族的專利，被封馬褂就讓這些漢奸覺得他們已被滿清政府認同了，也同時讓他們覺得自己已是滿族貴族的一分子而感到無比的榮耀和自豪。

不管這麽樣，馬褂是一件沾滿了數千萬個華人祖先的血的衣而諷刺的事是華人還很驕傲的穿著此衣祭祖和過節日。想象一下，在紀念南京大屠殺的時候，有人穿當年殺害南京百姓的日軍軍服來紀念被害者，也想象一下，猶太人穿著納粹德國軍服祭拜他們的祖先，你覺得這一些行爲妥當嗎？適合嗎？對得起被害者與在這些歷史悲劇犧牲的列祖烈宗嗎？有良心與邏輯者當然是會覺得不妥儅，不適合也對不起被害者，因此你不會再紀念南京大屠殺與猶太人大屠殺的紀念日裏看到日軍二戰軍服和納粹德國軍服。若以同樣的道理來想，華人穿著馬褂過節和祭祖也是不妥儅，不合適以及不尊敬的。所以你還願意穿著馬褂來過節和祭祖嗎？

你應該也會對此有興趣：

An Ilustrated History on the Rise & Fall of the Chinese Civilisation - From Ming Dynasty to Early Qing Dynasty

noreply@blogger.com (Aced) — Mon, 25 Oct 2010 12:02:00 +0000

Excerpted form MingHuaTang (明華堂) Mr. Zhong's "An Illustrated History of China - From the Ming Dynasty to the People's Republic" (圖解中國從明初到共和國的故事), here I'm, presenting to everyone on the story of the rise & fall of Chinese civilisation. This story will begins in the final years of Yuan Dynasty & ends at the early Qing Dynasty (from year 1367 - 1645).

The purpose of me focusing more on this part is that I want to expose everyone on how during the height of Chinese civilisation during Ming dynasty, the advancement in science, technology, education, economy, military & culture has turned China into a world superpower & its eventual fall later which will lead to the demise of Chinese civilisation which still can be seen & felt among Chinese all around the world especially in the cultural aspect. Besides, being the last dynasty established by the Chinese, Ming dynasty is the last dynasty in China modern history which has the finest & the purest of the culture of the Chinese civilisation. I will try my best to translate the illustration as close as possible to the original wording which is in Chinese. No matter what, I hope everyone will enjoy what I'm presenting :D
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Prelude:

The view of the Great Wall can be clearly seen in the background & just across this magnificent Great Wall, a fierce battle between two armies are ongoing. As the battle goes on, the side holding the Ming flag begins to gain an upper hand while the side which hold the Yuan Mongol flag starts to retreat, this indicate the centre of power in China once again returns to the Chinese.

Going through the mountainous range & back into the place behind the Great Wall, lies a grand & magnificent palace alongside the backdrop of serenity & tranquility ; this indicate that China under the rule of Ming dynasty, once again has a stable government & robust economy. The prosperity & stability enjoyed in China during the Ming dynasty provided a fertile ground for the development & advancement of the Chinese culture & civilisation for the next 260 years.

Cherry blossom blossomed around China once again, the beautifully blossomed flowers symbolise the "never give up" spirit of the Chinese.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Early Ming

After going through the Mongolian Yuan dynasty & years of war, China's economy & society is in a total mess. The newly established Ming government first task is to restore economic productivity & in the same time put the society back in order (recorded in historical documents). This picture depict the condition of that time, where the people rushed to the the government official for help after suffering from Mongolian Yuan dynasty & years of war.

Handing Out Farming Equipments & Food Relief

In order to restore agriculture productivity, Ming government start to hand-out farming equipments & food relief to the farmers around China. (recorded in historical documents)

Bountiful Harvest

After a period of restoring agriculture productivity, China's agriculture is steadily back on track.

Celebration for the Imperial Examination Top Scorer

As the agriculture sector is back on track, China's economy too is recovering steadily. Society once again value the importance of education. This picture depicts the celebration for the top scorer & in this picture we can see people rush to the street to congratulate the scholar & among the crowds are parents bringing along their child to witness the parade hoping that their child too will follow the footstep of the scholar in the future. At the right side of the picture, a poor lady was being congratulated by the people around for the success of her husband. She will no longer need to suffer as her husband is now an official of the government.

The Textile Factory

The textile industry is the first industry in China Ming dynasty to rise & prosper (recorded in historical documents). In this picture, the owner of the factory is telling his wife of his great plan & ambition for the future expansion of his business.

Treasure Ship's Shipyard

This picture depicts the building of the Zheng He's (Cheng Ho) Treasure Fleet for its future voyage. At the time of Ming dynasty, China has the world most advanced maritime technology & its naval fleets are the most powerful in the world. During the reign of Yong Le, Zheng He lead a fleet of 317 ships 7 times to the Western Sea (from year 1405 - 1433) but it was terminated & all outgoing sea activities were banned at the time of Xuan De Emperor due to high maintenance of the Treasure Fleet which leads to the depletion in money of the Treasury. The lack of naval fleets in the sea has lead to the increase of pirates activity along China's sea coast.

During the reign of Jia Jing, the fight against the pirates finally ended successfully & in the same time, the government finally realised that trading with other country through sea brings profit to the country and by the time of Long Qing Emperor, the ban on maritime activities were finally lifted. For the next 100 years, China will be trading heavily from East Asia to South Asia.

Divine Engine Division

Divine Engine Division (神機營) was one of the three elite military divisions of the Ming dynasty stationed around the capital Beijing. Established during the early part of the Ming Dynasty (at the time of Yong Le Emperor), its main purpose is to research & develop new firearm weapons for the Ming dynasty Armed Forces. The Divine Engine Division also provide training in the use of firearms. During the fight against the Japanese sea pirates, Divine Engine Division provided General Qi JiGuang's army which consist of 3100 soldiers, 256 canons, 8 heavy bombardment canons; every armed divisions will be provided with 128 armed vehicles and every armed vehicles consist of 2 light canons, 4 Arquebuses & 4 rocketeers. In average, every 12 soldiers will be equipped with a canon and around 50% of the 3100 soldiers were equipped with firearms; this indicate that at the time of Ming dynasty, China has already began to revolutionised its Armed Forces which use firearm weapons as it standard weapon.

The Night View of a City

The picture depicts the night view of a city during the Ming dynasty. As the economy of China is moving fast, lots of business opportunities can be found in the city & people start to migrate into the city. As more & more people shift into the city, the city population expand out of the city wall. The prosperity in the cities of China during Ming dynasty has shown the world that Chinese civilisation is alive & thriving again.

Dong Lin Academy

"The sound of the wind, the sound of the rain, the sound of students studying, is all you can hear; Family matters, national matters, world matters, all these are the matters concerned here." The phrase just now, depicts the situation in the picture. It is a depiction of Dong Lin Academy when it was still open.

During the late Ming dynasty, corruption in the government is getting worse & social divide in the society is getting bigger, this has prompted intellectuals of that time to take actions against all these problems.

In 1604, during the Wanli era, Gu Xiancheng (顧憲成, 1550-1612), a Ming Grand Secretary, along with Gao Panlong (高攀龍, 1562-1626), a scholar, restored the Dong Lin Academy (was originally built in A.D. 1111 but later fell into disuse) with the financial backing of local gentry and officials. During the Academy period of operation, philosophical seminar will be held frequently. A large seminar will be held annually while small seminar will be held monthly & both of these seminars will last for 3 days. The philosophical seminar were run by members and disciples like Gao Panlong 高攀龍, Qian Yiben 錢一本, Xue Fujiao 薛敷教, and Shi Menglin 史孟麟.

Their discussions are mainly on the rampant corruption & bad governance of the government but the main target is on the monopolisation of the tax collection on salt by the eunuchs. They also discussed on ways to improve the situation such as the abolishing the monopoly on salt tax, urged for more transparency to fight against corruption & urged on the government to develop the southeast region of China. Besides that, people from Dong Lin also advocate for freedom of expression. The discourses of the members of the Dong Lin Academy received widespread resonance among state officials and literates. Their influence on China society of that time is very deep and their active participation in politics alongside with their public discussion on current issues has given China society a chance to transform into a modern society which we are familiar today.

Ming Reinforced Korea in Imjin War

From year 20 of Wan Li era (1592) until the year 26 the same era (1598), with the sending of more than 100 000 troops, 6 years of reinforcing Korea in defence against Japanese invasion has come to an end with the Korean & Chinese claiming victory. However, the victory came at an enormous cost to the Ming government as this war nearly caused the government's treasury to run dry and also due to this war, the Ming military will not get enough fund to upgrade itself. As the consequence of this, for the next 20 years after the war, Ming military will not be able to curb the rise of the Manchu Later Jin (later renamed Qing) and the rise of Manchurian will eventually put the death nail on Ming dyansty. No matter what, this war has also brought peace to the region as the Japanese will not invade again for the next 300 years.

Peasant Uprising (1640 - 1645)

The picture depict rare natural disaster which caused China to suffer 20 years of drought which caused widespread destruction in agriculture production. Due to that, famine started to spread across China and as a result, large amount of peasants & farmers started to revolt against the government. The situation was made worst by years of bad governance & corruption which were turning from bad to worse; social divides between poor and rich too has reached the stage of no turning back and in the end the whole of China was up and against the Ming government. In the picture, Duke of Chuang, Li Zicheng, the most prominent leader in the peasant uprising was being welcomed by the farmers.

Emperor Chong Zhen Hanged Himself at JingShan Hill

In April 1644, as the peasant army led by Li Zicheng is quickly approaching Beijing, in order to not fall into the hand of the rebel, the last emperor of Ming hanged himself on a tree in JingShan Hill. He died at the age of 33. Before his death, he wrote a suicide note saying that he is not responsible for the end of Ming dynasty instead it was the misunderstanding of the ministers over him & disunity among them that caused the downfall. He also wrote that he died in shame & if the rebel got their hand on his corpse, they may tear his corpse into pieces as he wishes to use this way to apologise for the suffering of his people. It also noted in his note that, he is hoping for any just & patriotic rebel to help him execute all his ministers & generals but reminded them not to touch the normal people.

Chinese Traitor Leading the Way for the Manchu into China

In 1644, Ming's border guard, General Wu Sangui, in order to take revenge against the death of his father which was killed by Li Zicheng, decided to join force with the Manchu & open the gate of the Great Wall at ShanHai Pass to let the Manchu enter into China.

Jiangyin's Battle of Resistance Against Manchu Qing's Queue Order

This picture depicts the battle scene in Jianying & on top of the wall are the people of Jiangyin holding banner which wrote, "Head can roll, hair can't be shaved!". In 1645, the newly established Qing dynasty enacted a law requiring all Chinese to adopt the Manchu traditional hairstyle & costume, any person who disobey will face death. Due to that, the whole of China once again staged an uprising against the Qing government. In this battle of Jiangyin, in order to resist the newly enacted law, Chinese soldiers and the civilians of Jiangyin staged an uprising & fought valiantly against 24 000 Qing's troops. They hold the Manchus for 81 days, inflicting heavy casualties on them, resulting in the lost of 3 dukes, 18 generals & approximately 10 000 death of armed personnel on the Qing's side.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The battle of resistance in Jiangyin still ends with the Manchurian Qing's army winning the battle. As they broke through the city's defence, the Manchu army started to plunder the city off its valuable, killing anyone they can see, raping girls they can find & kidnapping beautiful ladies to be sent as gift to the royals & high ranking officials. All these were done to punish & retaliate against the Chinese for their disobedience & their resistance. No matter what, the ultimate motive for the Manchurian Qing government to commit such war crimes was to terrorise, subdue & force the Chinese to obey the ruling of Manchurian Qing dynasty & in the same time, made them adopt the culture & costume of the Manchurian. The purpose of them forcing the Chinese to adopt the costume, hairstyle & culture of the Manchu is to let the Qing government detects any Ming Dynasty loyalist (considered rebel) and in the same time destroyed the pride of the Chinese in order to let the Qing government an easy control of the Chinese so that the day to day governance will run smoothly.

Jiangyin is not the only place that suffered such tragedy, it happens all around China during the early Qing dynasty. Yangzhou Massacre (楊州十日, 1645 AD) & Jiading Massacre (嘉定三屠, 1645 AD) are among the famous tragedies in China history for their unimaginable cruelty & high casualties. The death toll of these two combined are 1 million. All this killing didn't end there, as the imposition of this order was not uniform; it took up to 10 years of martial enforcement for all of China to be brought into compliance with a death toll estimating 30millions(mostly Chinese).

Some people will ask, "Why didn't they comply with the government of the day?"

The answer is simple; culture is the spirit for a society, traditional clothing is part of the culture & it also acts as an identity for a society; if any part of it is missing then that society is as good as dead. That is why the Chinese during that time were willing to fight until the end because they knew, once they give up, Chinese civilisation will come to an end.

So, did the Chinese successfully defended their cultural integrity from being encroach by the Manchu? Sadly, for most part such as Chinese traditional costume, Chinese rituals, Chinese rites & Chinese etiquette were lost after the Qing dynasty was established.

Luckily in recent years, Chinese around the world start to realise the problem & since then afford to bring back the lost culture was being made extensively. It will be a matter of time for us to be able to see Chinese don on their Hanfu and bow to each other as a form of greeting.

You might be interested in this too: