中華古玉欣賞(Chinese Nephrite Jade Carving)

古玉欣賞-玉爵杯-Chinese Ancient Wine Cup : Jué

noreply@blogger.com (blkjck) — Tue, 7 Jul 2009 01:32:00 +0800

玉爵杯．．．

全高：135mm 口：123 x 68mm (最寬邊) 鼎足：43mm 腹徑：70 x 60mm

白玉，褐沁，飲酒器。

爵為上口，一端有流，一端有尾，中有雙柱。

沿口雕回(雷)紋，獸吞式耳把，位於鼎足中央。

器腹前後浮雕饕餮獸面紋，以戚齒為隔。

三鼎足，內面光素，外面淺浮雕獸首及雲紋。

爵杯造型仿自商周青銅爵，所用紋飾也多出自古彝器。

◎ 爵 ◎

爵是中國古代一種用於飲酒的容器。
爵在商代和的西周青銅禮器的考古發現中是十分常見的。
《博古圖》對於爵的使用曾經有過歸納：
" 爵於彝器是為至微，然而禮天地、交鬼神、和賓客以及冠、
昏、喪、祭、朝聘、鄉射，無所不用，則其為設施也至廣矣。"

Jué (爵):
A wine cup with three legs, a spout with a pointed brim extension diametrically opposite, plus a handle.

雲龍紋-三連環

noreply@blogger.com (blkjck) — Fri, 26 Jun 2009 02:52:00 +0800

雲龍紋-三連環。。。
總長：146mm 外徑:68mm 內徑:42mm 厚:5mm

白玉，褐色鐵鏽沁，年代久遠，滿沁。
鏤雕三連環，連環雙面各浮雕九隻雲紋龍，共十八隻，三環總計五十四隻。

環面呈圓弧狀鼓起，環內外周緣各陰刻一道弦紋。
全器以一塊玉料琢成，玉環皆完整無接合痕。

更多照片請至Yahoo相簿欣賞. Click for more.

三羊開泰 Three Sheeps Bring Auspice

noreply@blogger.com (blkjck) — Sat, 13 Jun 2009 23:20:00 +0800

三羊開泰 Three Sheeps Bring Auspice。。。
白玉，桔黃色沁。　鏤雕三羊開泰。

大羊坐臥，兩小羊一前一後依附身旁。
大小羊神態生動，身形比例恰當，雕琢十分用心。
羊背上有吉祥雲紋，上托太極兩儀，有「一元復始，萬象更新」之意。

【三陽開泰】

羊與陽，同音雙關，三羊寓三陽。
「三羊開泰」中的「羊」字其實是借「陽」的諧音。

《周易》以正月為泰卦，泰卦有三陽，故稱"三陽開泰"，
正月大地回春，"三陽開泰"。

三隻羊：羊、古同「祥」字，寓吉祥。
三羊喻「三陽」。三陽，卦爻之初九、九二、九三，陽氣盛極而陰衰微也。
開泰，泰卦名；坤上乾下，天地交而萬物通。
開泰即開啟的意思，預示要交好運。
「三陽開泰」圖案，寓意「祛盡邪佞，吉祥好運接踵而來」。

太極是中國思想史上的重要概念，
主要繼承自《易傳》: 「易有太極，是生兩儀。兩儀生四象，四象生八卦。」☯
太極一般是指宇宙最原始的狀態，即陰陽未分的混沌時期。形成萬物(宇宙)的本源 ☯
更多太極相關資料，請見太極 - 維基百科 ☯

「一元復始」指新的一年的開始。
語出《公羊傳·隱公元年》：「元者何？君之始年也。春者何？歲之始也。」
常與「萬象更新」合成春聯，祝賀新的開始。

請至我雅虎相簿欣賞更多照片. Click for more.

古玉欣賞-咬尾龍四連環 Dragon Circle Conjoined Rings

noreply@blogger.com (blkjck) — Sat, 13 Jun 2009 23:11:00 +0800

咬尾龍四連環。。。

長：112mm 外徑：34mm 內徑：22mm

青白玉，局部褐色鐵鏽沁。
以一塊玉料鏤雕四連環，玉環皆完整無接合痕。
環上各淺浮雕咬尾龍，環環相扣。

淺浮雕咬尾龍，龍首的眼、耳、鼻、口、角雕琢細緻，頭尾相連，形成環狀。
四足毛鬚後鬣，卷渦紋關節，足爪外露，依形附於環上。
環身光平表面陰刻卷雲紋及菱形蒲紋，增益其紋飾華麗感。

點擊看相簿中更多照片 Click for more .

轆轤環 (三節珮) Conjoined Rings

noreply@blogger.com (blkjck) — Sun, 7 Jun 2009 16:31:00 +0800

轆轤環 (三節珮)。。。
尺寸：124 x 45 x 9 mm
璧：45 x 12 x 8 mm (含出廓：60mm)
環扣：18 x 14 x 9 mm 厚：3mm
青黃玉，質透，器表有碳酸鈣沉積。
用一玉石鏤雕轆轤環，有一長方形活環，兩出廓系璧。
兩系璧雙面浮雕乳丁紋，內外緣壓地陰刻弦紋一周。

轆轤環，又名「多節珮」，為戰國玉器的特出製作工藝。
全器由一塊玉石雕成，大致可分為四大步驟：
1.鏤環　2.剖分　3.展開　4.雕花

提起轆轤環環扣，兩片系璧相碰，會發出清澈悅耳悠揚繚繞的聲音。

轆轤環與連環為古代的賞玩饋贈器，作工精緻，多以鏤空雕及淺浮雕製成。

“「轆轤環」也算是連環的一種，元朱澤民的《古玉圖》稱之為「轆轤環」，
相沿成為一專有名詞。
轆轤環與連環之不同處，在於用一小環，聯接兩個大環，
與連環的自己套聯形式不一樣。”　　
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　_____《中國古玉圖釋》P.496 那志良著

轆轤環以環扣相聯，每節可自由開闔，卻不能分開。

白玉八方盃 WHITE JADE OCTAGONAL BOWL

noreply@blogger.com (blkjck) — Tue, 19 May 2009 21:24:00 +0800

器呈八瓣蓮花，瓣緣凸肋，夔式雙耳，底圈足八方形。

雖無華麗紋飾，光素器表，直視沁彩，益顯高雅脫俗。

清朝龍袍十二章紋 The Twelve Symbols of Sovereignty on the Qing Dynasty Imperial Robes

noreply@blogger.com (blkjck) — Sun, 10 May 2009 10:02:00 +0800

文物是文化的載體，不侷限於某一類物品。中華民族淵遠流長，文明發展過程中伴隨產生無數文物珍寶，留給後代省思借鑒的線索。

　　誠如滿清皇朝，雖為君主專制，然而對於領袖人物的自我期許，可由龍袍上的十二章紋得知梗概。顯見君主專制，帝王仍深深明白「廟堂爛一塊，江山爛一片」的道理。

　　至於何謂十二章紋？　請參考清朝龍袍十二章紋。

玉器之美－玉劍飾 The Beauty of Jade Carving - Sword Ornaments

noreply@blogger.com (blkjck) — Fri, 17 Apr 2009 10:04:00 +0800

玉器之美－玉劍飾

The Beauty of Jade Carving - Sword Ornaments

中國古代玉雕的魅力何在?

大致可從五方面來欣賞：

1.玉質 2.沁色 3.題材 4.造型 5.雕工

今以玉劍飾組件分享如下．．．

劍鐔 (琫) Sword Guard ( 劍柄、劍身之間的玉飾 )

劍首(首) Sword Pommel ( 劍柄把手端的玉飾 )

劍衛 (璏) Scabbard Buckle ( 劍鞘上的帶扣 )

劍標 (珌) Scabbard Chape ( 劍鞘底部的玉飾 )

饕餮獸面紋的淺浮雕及陰刻線

更多照片，請至藏玉札記玉劍飾相簿欣賞!!

Click for more photos!!

劍珌 Scabbard chape

noreply@blogger.com (blkjck) — Mon, 6 Apr 2009 16:02:00 +0800

劍珌 Scabbard chape ．．．
劍珌是劍飾組件中，鑲嵌於劍鞘尾端的配件。
此件正面浮雕魑紋，背面淺浮雕饕餮獸面紋。

上有"人"字形三孔穿，便於繫綁於劍鞘。

玉劍飾組件的位置圖，劍珌為劍鞘尾端裝飾物件。
此圖引用自那志良老師《中國古玉圖釋》圖例251

更多玉鑲嵌器，請看這邊。 Click for more.

A Brief Introduction to Chinese Jades

noreply@blogger.com (blkjck) — Tue, 24 Mar 2009 00:33:00 +0800

Article Credit/Source: National Palace Museum(Taipei,Taiwan)
Photo Credit/Source: Chinese Jade Carving

A Brief Introduction to Chinese Jades

Jade has been adored and revered by the Chinese people since time ancient. From the dawn of civilization, in spite of the formidable tribulations that have fallen upon the Chinese, both sentiment toward jade and the tradition of jade artistry have endured the passage of time and remained undiminished in strength.

Archaeological data indicate that the ancients from seven to eight thousand years ago were acquainted with wondrous and durable nephrite and employed it in fashioning ornaments and grinding weaponry. In addition, they worked with beautiful stones, using them as jade simulants.

During the late Neolithic period, which predates modern society by approximately four to seven thousand years, rulers possessing the important powers in matters of religion and the military created the worship object from jade to worship the deities and ancestors. To honor the Spirit of the Heaven and Earth the round pi disk and square ts'ung tube were designed to accommodate the belief that the heaven was round and the earth square They believed that the lives of their forefathers originated with God and were mediated through supernatural beings. They accordingly depicted on these jade objects their visualizations of these divine images, and went so far as to incise meaningful markings as a form of worship. Relying upon jade's unique qualities of material, form, ornamentation, and markings, they sought to command mystical forces in the hope of communicating with the spiritual realm and partaking of divine wisdom.

The status of an individual in ancient society was determined by his perceived degree of association with the supernatural The li ritual for worship established channels of communication between the profane and spiritual worlds and promoted harmonious relations in society. The authority object stood as an emblem of the ruler's power and status.Originating in the late Neolithic, the Hsia, Shang, and Chou dynasties, this authority object and system of worship adapted and evolved according to the various political systems and social organizations of the respective time period. Whether in the worship ceremony held in the ancestral shrine or at the meeting convened by the ruler with his vassals, they assumed metaphysical significance and formed an integral part of the worship ceremony. As a consequence, they are referred to as ritual objects.

The precise delimitation between the Shang and Chou dynasties has remained an issue of controversy. As a reference to the viewer, one expert s opinion on the subject has been adopted in an effort to clearly arrange the displays in a chronological sequence. During the Eastern Chou Dynasty, humanism made its appearance. Recasting the ancient shamanistic practices into a system of moral beliefs with application to daily living, the Confucian scholars directly compared the virtuous man to jade. Pendants achieved great popularity and were exquisitely executed, attaining a degree of perfection unmatched in future ages.

The Han Dynasty imperial family held jade in great esteem. Living members wore pendants and ingested jade powder. The deceased were bound and stuffed with jade. Even the painted banner and tomb tiles were imprinted with the image of the pi disk. The belief in the round pi disk assisting the spirit in reaching the heavens received its greatest support at this time.

From the Six Dynasties to the T'ang Dynasty, jade artistry within the heartland of China suffered a decline. Despite the glory of the T'ang Dynasty which saw the resumption of the large-scale feng-shan ceremony and other ancient traditions, the sets of tablets used in this ceremony were now fashioned only using beautiful stones (as jade simulants). Among the relics passed down the generations, only the jade belt plaque, comb top, hairpin ornament, pendant, etc. can still be found. More likely than not, a portion hail from the lapidaries of the barbaric tribes in China's West.

From the Sung and Ming Dynasties onward, jade artistry recovered its former grandeur. Due in part to the emperor's use of jade in officiationg ceremonies, but even in greater part to the examination by scholars into the rituals of the Shang and Chou dynasties, popular movements both to research and forge ancient jades arose. Having within its collection many such exceptional quality jades, the National Palace Museum is presenting them in a specially designed display case.

The newly formed intellectual class of the Sung Dynasty cultivated their tastes in living. The displayed jade objects from the studio possessed ultilitarian functions in addition to providing visual delight. The most frequently seen motifs were those of flowers, birds, man, and landscapes, a fact which demonstrates the refined taste of the literati. Lastly, as the materials from which jades of this time were fashioned originate as river pebbles, jade craftsmen accommodated their carving techniques to the shapes they encountered. The resulting shapes and patterns were all imparted with deep, and usually auspicious meanings.

The jades from the Ch'ing imperial court at its height are characterized by their impressive size, neatness, and symmetry. They most frequently bear the dragon design, emblem of the emperor, various auspicious symbols, imperial inscriptions and marks. When finally outfitted with pedestals of sandalwood and placed in specially designed cases and boxes, they attain the majesty of the imperial palace itself. During this same period, Hindustan jade from Moslem territories made its appearance. Whether carved with floral decor in shallow relief, worked to a thinness rivaling that of paper, or even inlaid with colored glass or gold and silver thread, splendid Hindustan jade conveys the exotic appeal of a distant land.

Jadeite from Yunnan Province and northern Burma was imported in large quantites into China in the nineteenth century and quickly attracted its admirers, who continue to treasure its beauty. In summary, Chinese jade artistry boasts a long tradition, and derives much of its diversity from the differing styles and significance assumed by jades of differing periods. It is hoped that the present display will allow the viewer to experience the sheer magnificence and profundity of the ancient Chinese civilization.

The Definition and Classification of True Jade

Based on archaeological data, it has been shown that over several millenia within the vast Pacific region, there appeared numerous cultures which venerated or worshipped jade. These include the Olmec and Mayan civilizations on the American continent and the Maori Culture of New Zealand, in addition to, of course, the age-old Chinese civilization. As the "jade" relics from these cultures were most often found to consist of nephrite or jadeite, minerologists have limited the scope of true jade to include only these two substances.

Chemically speaking a silicate of calcium and magnesium, nephrite belongs to the amphibole group of minerals. It occurs primarily in dolomitic marbles or in serpentinized ultramafics. Throughout the ages, nephrite has been frequently employed as a working material. While the locations of the deposits that yielded very ancient nephritic jades aren't known, nephritic jades from the Shang Dynasty onward originate in dolomitic deposits of the Kunlun Moumtains in Sinkiang Province. As it has been collected for the most part in the Ho-t'ien District, it has been called "Ho-t'ien jade.Nephrite of this provenance appears in numerous colors. From a snowy white state in the absence of impurities, it darkens into various shades of bluish white in relation to the amounts of magnesium or iron present. An increase in the amount of ferric ion imparts a yellowish hue. When particular areas of a piece of white or bluish-white jade contain hematite, brown jade is obtained; graphite infusions, depending on their concentration lead to either grey or black jade. The fact that these two colorations frequently coexist in a given stone has been exploited by the jade craftsman. Examples of jades whose coloration and shape harmonize can be seen in the "Cup in the shape of an animal horn" and the world renowned "jade vase in the shape of a horned fish" splayed in this room.

Dark-green nephrite has its origins in the serpentinized ultramafics of Sinkiang Province's Tien Shan Ma Na Ssu. Similarly colored nephrite has been quarried in Hualien on Taiwan, New Zealand, Canada, and elsewhere.A silicate of sodium and aluminum, jadeite is classed as a pyroxene. Although in a class different from nephrite, jadeite shares many characteristics with it, namely a high degree of hardness and firmness, and a luster that lends an appearance of transparency. Additionally, variations is iron content result in brownish-red, dark green, or lavender hues. Presence of minute amounts of chromium yields emerald green. Finally, the characters in the Chinese appellation for jadeite, fei-ts'ui, are those for two species of kingfisher whose feathers are of a color similar to that of brownish-red and emerald green jadeite.

The Jade Simulants-rock Crystal, Chalcedony, and Lapis Lazuli

The ancients did not make fine distinctions between true jade and its simulants. The distributions of four classes of jade simulants: serpentine, feldspar, carbonate, and the quartz groups, are illustrated in the Geographical Location of Jade Deposits" found in the outer room.

Quartz group specimens are the most frequently observed jade simulants. Composed of silicon dioxide, quartz can be subdivided into the macrocrystalline and cryptocrystalline types, both of which can be further subdivided into numerous varieties. Among the varieties in the former class is the transparent, colorless rock crystal known to the ancients as "aquajade." Also numbered among these varieties are citrine containing the ferric ion, rose guartz containing the titanium ion, and amethyst containing iron hydroxide. Occasionally, quartz may by found with needlelike inclusions. Lastly, upon exposure to radiation, transparent rock crystal is transformed into the darkly colored smoky crystal as a result of an alteration in atomic structure.

Cryptocrystalline varieties, substances whose minute crystals are visible only under high magnification, and grouped under the name chalcedony and appear in numerous forms. Agate contains striae of assorted colors which form in the presence of coloring elements.

Another class, carnelian, can be identified as the "red jade" of antiquity. When interspersed with white chalcedony, it forms a material ideally suited to carving techniques accommodating the natural coloration of a particular stone. In the displayed Carnelian brush washer decorated with bat and peach, the white area has been carved into the shape of a bat and fungus (Geoderma lucidum) which puns on and symbolizes the Chinese characters for good fortune and longevity. Chalcedony that lacks transparency is classified as jasper. On occasion it has been found in a form that displays a multi-layered effect and resembles a culinary delicacy, attributes that have endeared it to the Chinese.

The dark blue areas in lapis lazuli are lazurite. Additional inclusions can be those of calcite and the gold-speckled pyrite. Nevertheless, the most noteworthy attribute of lapis lazuli is its soothing ultramarine color. Studies by scholars have shown that it was known in antiquity as ch'iu-lin.

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碧玉翔鷹

noreply@blogger.com (blkjck) — Sun, 22 Mar 2009 16:30:00 +0800

碧玉，部份赭紅色鐵鏽沁。
以極簡單線條勾勒出鷹揚雄姿。

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到此一遊

noreply@blogger.com (blkjck) — Tue, 24 Feb 2009 11:34:00 +0800

獸首啣活耳環饕餮紋玉罐

noreply@blogger.com (blkjck) — Sat, 21 Feb 2009 09:45:00 +0800

獸首啣活耳環饕餮紋玉罐．．．

青玉，器呈扁圓體形。
蓋頂鏤雕瑞獅鈕，兩側鏤雕如意雲紋。
器頸部兩側鏤雕獸首啣活耳環。
器腹部兩側亦鏤雕活耳環，正背面皆有開光，內浮雕饕餮獸面紋。
底部如意雲紋圈足。

恭賀新禧!! Happy Lunar New Year!!

noreply@blogger.com (blkjck) — Tue, 27 Jan 2009 03:46:00 +0800

Click for more.

Nephrite Huang

noreply@blogger.com (blkjck) — Sun, 26 Oct 2008 14:18:00 +0800

Nephrite Huang with Decoration of Bird Pattern.

Jade, or “Yu”, as it is called in Mandarin, is a generic term for two different gems: nephrite and jadeite. It has a very special significance in ancient Chinese culture.

Chinese people love jade just as Western people love diamond. This is why the back of the medal for Beijing 2008 Olympic Games is inlaid with nephrite.

This is a ceremonial nephrite piece, “Huang”, with decoration of bird pattern. Huang is a semi-circular ritual implement and/or ornament. The bird design is a typical pattern in West Chou dynasty (1027-771 B.C.).

益壽合璧

noreply@blogger.com (blkjck) — Sat, 11 Oct 2008 16:17:00 +0800

雙十國慶，謹刊益壽合璧祈祝國運昌隆國祚綿長天祐中華!!

雙十國慶的由來...武昌起義

延伸閱讀：
◎青天白日與青天白日滿地紅旗
◎民國初年的國旗　五色旗
◎武昌起義的革命旗─鐵血十八星旗

所謂「延年益壽」，也來欣賞清乾隆延年玉璧

清乾隆「御製紫檀木嵌『延年』龍鳳紋古玉璧御題詩插屏」
2007年香港蘇富比春拍.

鏤雕白玉龍鳳紋玉環 White jade Dragon Phoenix Circle

noreply@blogger.com (blkjck) — Sat, 4 Oct 2008 03:36:00 +0800

鏤雕白玉龍鳳紋玉環 White jade Dragon Phoenix Circle

環外徑：92mm
總厚度：12mm (每層4mm)
環內徑：43mm
中央系璧外徑：36mm
中央系璧內徑：29mm

白玉，局部帶硃砂，全器扁圓，透雕成三層圓璧狀。

外圍兩層，雙面透雕龍鳳兩對，龍鳳均雕成回首曲体狀，龍體鳳身交錯，相互纏綿繞成圓環。

中層位於中央，鏤雕龍紋系璧。

全器型制紋飾設計奇巧新穎，雕工細緻精湛，玉料質地特佳，為一稀有之精品佳作。

Chinese Ancient Jade Culture 7 - Common Interest.

noreply@blogger.com (blkjck) — Mon, 12 May 2008 07:37:00 +0800

Chinese Ancient Jade Culture 7 - Common Interest.
中國古代玉文化 7 - 世俗的趣味.
10 minutes each.
民玉時代，每片10分鐘.

更多資料於藏玉札記.
Please visit my Yahoo Blog.

Chinese Ancient Jade Culture 6 - Immortal Pray.

noreply@blogger.com (blkjck) — Mon, 12 May 2008 07:30:00 +0800

Chinese Ancient Jade Culture 6 - Immortal Pray.
中國古代玉文化 6 - 不朽的祈願.
10 minutes each.
每片10分鐘.

更多資料於藏玉札記.
Please visit my Yahoo Blog.

Chinese Ancient Jade Culture 5 - Solemn Ceremony.

noreply@blogger.com (blkjck) — Mon, 12 May 2008 07:23:00 +0800

Chinese Ancient Jade Culture 5 - Solemn Ceremony.
中國古代玉文化 5 - 莊嚴的禮儀.
10 minutes each.
每片10分鐘.

更多資料於藏玉札記.
Please visit my Yahoo Blog.

Chinese Ancient Jade Culture 4 - Holy Crown.

noreply@blogger.com (blkjck) — Mon, 12 May 2008 07:16:00 +0800

Chinese Ancient Jade Culture 4 - Holy Crown.
中國古代玉文化 4 - 神聖的王權.
10 minutes each.
介紹中國的王玉時代，每片約10分鐘。

更多資料於藏玉札記.
Please visit my Yahoo Blog.

Chinese Ancient Jade Culture 3 - Mysterious Witchcraft.

noreply@blogger.com (blkjck) — Mon, 12 May 2008 01:30:00 +0800

Chinese Ancient Jade Culture 3 - Mysterious Witchcraft.
中國古代玉文化 3 - 神秘的巫術.
10 minutes each.
介紹中國遠古的巫玉時代，每片各10分鐘。

更多資料於藏玉札記.
Please visit my Yahoo Blog.

Chinese Ancient Jade Culture 2 - Magical Skills

noreply@blogger.com (blkjck) — Fri, 9 May 2008 21:37:00 +0800

Chinese Ancient Jade Culture 2 - Magical Skills.
中國古代玉文化 2 - 神奇的技藝
10 minutes each.
介紹中國古代玉文化，每片各10分鐘。

更多資料於藏玉札記.
Please visit my Yahoo Blog.

Chinese Ancient Jade Culture 1 - Beautiful Stone.

noreply@blogger.com (blkjck) — Thu, 8 May 2008 03:21:00 +0800

Chinese Ancient Jade Culture 1 - Beautiful Stone.
中國古代玉文化 - 美麗的石頭
10 minutes each.
介紹中國古代玉文化，每片各10分鐘。

更多資料於藏玉札記.
Please visit my Yahoo Blog.

魑紋橢圓形玉珮

noreply@blogger.com (blkjck) — Sat, 3 May 2008 15:11:00 +0800

魑紋橢圓形玉珮正面照

魑首鼻端、眼睛也有開窗，整體雕刻呈現身形靈動、勾勒有力的美感!!

玉的沁色是很奇妙的，當人盤握撫摸，也許因為人的體溫關係，沁色會有轉變!!

哈哈...拿女兒的小豬仔放旁邊陪襯!!

小豬愛玉珮!!

想想青白玉要沁成這樣...需要多久歲月累積??...

魑紋橢圓形玉珮．．．
橢圓形長:55mm 寬:38mm 出廓:45mm 厚:17mm
青白玉，黑赤褐色沁，局部開窗。
器呈橢圓形，上雕回首魑紋盤踞其上，身帶鳳紋、凌霄花紋飾。
背面光素無紋。

更多資料於藏玉札記.
Please visit my Yahoo Blog.