<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><rss xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xmlns:openSearch="http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/" xmlns:blogger="http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008" xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/georss" xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0" version="2.0"><channel><atom:id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9142173506272346708</atom:id><lastBuildDate>Tue, 10 Sep 2024 15:18:07 +0000</lastBuildDate><category>GNATHOSTOMOSIS</category><category>ALBENDAZOL</category><category>ANATOMIA PATOLOGICA</category><category>CICLO BIOLOGICO</category><category>DIAGNOSTICO</category><category>DIAGNOSTICO DIFERENCIAL</category><category>EPIDEMIOLOGIA</category><category>ETÍMOLOGIA</category><category>HOSPEDEROS NATURALES E INTERMEDIARIOS</category><category>INTRODUCCION</category><category>IVERMECTINA</category><category>MANIFESTACIONES CLINICAS</category><category>MORFOLOGIA</category><category>PREVENCION</category><category>TAXONOMIA</category><category>TRATAMIENTO</category><title>GNATHOSTOMOSIS MEXICO</title><description>Este blog esta dedicado al estudio y difusión de Gnathostomosis, tanto para personal de la salud como para público en general.</description><link>http://gnathostomosis.blogspot.com/</link><managingEditor>noreply@blogger.com (Dr. Ávila.)</managingEditor><generator>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>15</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9142173506272346708.post-8193436136463927478</guid><pubDate>Sun, 24 May 2009 04:05:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-09-21T00:06:50.888-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">ALBENDAZOL</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">GNATHOSTOMOSIS</category><title>ALBENDAZOL</title><description>&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Albendazol&lt;/strong&gt; es un antihelmíntico de amplio espectro para administración oral, de aspecto blanquecino, prácticamente insoluble en agua. Es un derivado benzimidazólico cuyo nombre químico es metil-5-(propiltio)-2-bencimidazol­carbamato. Es comercializado con el nombre de Albenza, Eskazole, o Zentel.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5339240122372245538&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px auto 10px; display: block; width: 320px; height: 123px; text-align: center;&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQnMwo169K94H-qZJwRN4u_vLbVpCfOUbmknkAFe506h9uGyEs6BOl2EjmsRlV9zq08UlnlKAdLKLy0Zqe2pwanxQU-lBvfC3-rwyV3JOm2yvibUSwIkRYXyfQuw3tSxY6jxrsQdLyJU4/s320/albendazol2.jpg&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;FARMACOCINÉTICA Y FARMACODINAMIA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;Después de la administración oral de 400 mg de albendazol, éste es absorbido en poca cantidad (menos del 5%). A la dosis de 6.6 mg/kg de albendazol, la concentración en plasma de su principal metabolito, el sulfóxido de albendazol, alcanza un máximo de 0.25 a 0.30 mcg/ml después de aproximadamente 2½ horas. La vida media del metabolito sulfóxido de albendazol es de 8.5 horas aproximadamente. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;La biodisponibilidad oral parece aumentar cuando albendazol es coadministrado con un alimento graso (contenido estimado de grasa: 40 mg), evidenciada por concentraciones más altas del sulfóxido de albendazol en plasma (hasta cinco veces el promedio), en comparación con la administración del fármaco sin alimentos. El metabolito es eliminado esencialmente por la orina. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;MECANISMO DE ACCIÓN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;El albendazol causa alteraciones degenerativas en las &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;células&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt; del &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;tegumento&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt; y del &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;intestino&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt; del helminto al unirse a un sitio de unión específico de la &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;tubulina&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;, inhibiendo así la &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;polimerización&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt; y ensamblaje de los &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;microtúbulos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;. La pérdida de los microtúbulos intracelulares conlleva a una deficiente captación de &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;glucosa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt; en su estadío &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;larval&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;, consumiendo así sus depósitos de energía&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;. Los cambios degenerativos en el &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;retículo endoplásmico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;, la &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;mitocondria&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt; de la capa germinal y la subsecuente liberación de &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;lisosomas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt; resulta en una disminución en la producción del &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;ATP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;, que es la forma energética requerida para la supervivencia de los &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;helmintos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;. Debido a esa disminución en la producción de energía, el parásito queda inmóvil y, eventualmente, muere.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Se &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;ha demostrado que el fármaco inhibe a la &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;enzima&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;Fumarato Reductasa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;, la cual es específica para los helmintos. Esta acción puede ser considerada secundaria al efecto sobre los microtúbulos, debido a la disminuída absorción de glucosa. Esta acción sobre la enzima ocurre especialmente en presencia de un ambiente bajo en &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;NADH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;, que es una &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;coenzima&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt; asociada a muchas reacciones de oxido-reducción. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;El bloqueo del paso de la Fumarato Reductasa inhibe la generación de energía mitocondrial en la forma de ATP. En ausencia de energía disponible el parásito muere.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot; lang=&quot;ES&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 51, 51);font-family:trebuchet ms;&quot; &gt;El Albdendazol es un potente antiparasitario activo contra Teniasis extraintestinal (neurocisticercosis). Antihelmíntico polivalente y antigiardiásico efectivo en el tratamiento de: Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Enterobius vermicularis, Ancylostoma duodenale y Stron­gyloides stercoralis, Necator americanus, Hymenolepis nana, Taenia sp y Giardia lamblia (en niños mayores de 2 años). Larva migrans cútanea, gnatostomosis, toxoca­riosis, opistorquiaois, clonor­quiosis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;CONTRAINDICACIONES&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;En el embarazo, lactancia; pacientes con hipersensibilidad a los componentes de la fórmula y niños menores de 2 años.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;RESTRICCIONES DE USO DURANTE EL EMBARAZO Y LA LACTANCIA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Se sabe que el albendazol es teratogénico y embriotóxico en ratones y conejos; por tanto, no deberá ser administrado durante el embarazo o en mujeres que se sospeche estén embarazadas.&lt;br /&gt;En mujeres en edad de concebir, albendazol debe administrarse dentro de los 7 días del inicio de la menstruación y aconsejar tomar precauciones anti­conceptivas durante un mes después de haber completado el tratamiento con albendazol.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;REACCIONES SECUNDARIAS Y ADVERSAS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;Las reacciones secundarias suceden sólo en pacientes bajo tratamiento con albendazol a dosis altas (800 mg/día) y por periodos prolongados. Estas reacciones consisten en alteraciones gastrointestinales ocasionales como: dolor abdominal, náusea y vómito, mareos y cefalea. En forma rara se ha observado alopecia reversible (adelgazamiento del cabello o pérdida moderada) y rash. Puede ocurrir ocasionalmente leucopenia. En forma rara se ha informado pancitopenia.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;INTERACCIONES MEDICAMENTOSAS Y DE OTRO GÉNERO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dexametasona:&lt;/strong&gt; Incremento de la concentración de sulfóxido de albendazol. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Praziquantel:&lt;/strong&gt; Aumento de los niveles plasmáticos de albendazol. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cimetidina:&lt;/strong&gt; Aumento de las concentraciones de sulfóxido de albendazol en la bilis y en el fluido quístico. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ritonavir:&lt;/strong&gt; Aumento de las concentraciones séricas del albendazol. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Teofilina:&lt;/strong&gt; Aunque se ha demostrado que dosis únicas no inhiben el metabolismo de la teofilina, albendazol induce al citocromo P-450 1A en los hepatocitos humanos. Por lo tanto, se recomienda vigilar las concentraciones plasmáticas de teofilina durante y después del tratamiento con albendazol, ya que estas podrían aumentar.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Interacción con alimentos:&lt;/strong&gt; Los alimentos grasos aumentan la biodisponibilidad del albendazol.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;ALTERACIONES EN LOS RESULTADOS DE PRUEBAS DE LABORATORIO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Deben practicarse pruebas de función hepática antes de iniciar el tratamiento con dosis altas de albendazol y se repetirán cada dos semanas. Si las pruebas de función hepática se elevan por arriba de dos veces sus valores normales, el tratamiento debe descontinuarse. A dosis bajas y por la brevedad en el tratamiento, no se ha informado de alteraciones con parámetros de laboratorio que establezcan una relación causal con el albendazol.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;DOSIS Y VÍA DE ADMINISTRACIÓN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Oral.&lt;br /&gt;En el tratamiento de Gnathostomosis, se administran de 10-15mg/kg de peso, por 15 días.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;*NO AUTOMEDICARSE.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;*Solo ingerir tras el resultado ELISA (POSITIVO) e indicado por un médico.&lt;br /&gt;*No sobrepasar 800mg por día.&lt;br /&gt;*Las tabletas pueden ser masticadas, divididas o trituradas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;*Tome el albendazol con una comida de alto contenido graso para aumentar la cantidad de medicamento que el cuerpo absorbe.&lt;br /&gt;*No hay 100% de eficacia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;*El esquema puede variar en diferentes unidades médicas o en casos aislados.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 51, 0);font-family:trebuchet ms;&quot; &gt;En pacientes de México, que tomaron albendazol como tratamiento, se ha mostrado que las larvas emergen hacia planos superficiales de la piel, entre los días 10 al 14 postratamiento, formándose una lesión seudofurunculosa que indica el momento más oportuno para realizar una biopsia escisional y recuperar el parásito.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;PRESENTACIONES&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tabletas: Caja con 2, 4, 10 y 30 tabletas con 200 y400 mg.&lt;br /&gt;Suspensión:&lt;br /&gt;Frasco con 10 ml y 20 ml (20 mg/ml).&lt;br /&gt;Frasco con 10 ml y 20 ml (40 mg/ml).&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 153);&quot;&gt;ENLACES:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;l&quot; onmousedown=&quot;return clk(this.href,&#39;&#39;,&#39;&#39;,&#39;res&#39;,&#39;4&#39;,&#39;&amp;amp;sig2=mGH9l-bzgddi1VfJfB5Lgw&#39;)&quot; href=&quot;http://www.libreriamedica8a.com/productos/609.htm&quot;&gt;DEF50 / MÉXICO 2004&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albendazol&quot;&gt;WIKIPEDIA (Albendazol)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.biomedexperts.com/Abstract.bme/1738054/Effects_of_albendazole_on_Gnathostoma_spinigerum_in_mice&quot;&gt;Effects of albendazole on Gnathostoma spinigerum in mice.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</description><link>http://gnathostomosis.blogspot.com/2009/05/albendazol.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Dr. Ávila.)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQnMwo169K94H-qZJwRN4u_vLbVpCfOUbmknkAFe506h9uGyEs6BOl2EjmsRlV9zq08UlnlKAdLKLy0Zqe2pwanxQU-lBvfC3-rwyV3JOm2yvibUSwIkRYXyfQuw3tSxY6jxrsQdLyJU4/s72-c/albendazol2.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>3</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9142173506272346708.post-8743464575528733536</guid><pubDate>Sat, 16 May 2009 06:55:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-11-03T19:11:02.072-08:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">GNATHOSTOMOSIS</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">IVERMECTINA</category><title>IVERMECTINA</title><description>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;La Ivermectina es un derivado de las &lt;strong&gt;Avermectinas&lt;/strong&gt;, una lactona macrocíclica producida por la fermentación del actinomiceto terrestre &lt;strong&gt;Streptomyces avermitilis&lt;/strong&gt;. Es un fármaco incoloro e inodoro. Análogo semisintético de la avermectina-B. Consiste en una mezcla de 22,23-dihidroavermectina&lt;/span&gt;-B&lt;!--  /* Font Definitions */  @font-face 	{font-family:SimSun; 	panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1; 	mso-font-alt:宋体; 	mso-font-charset:134; 	mso-generic-font-family:auto; 	mso-font-pitch:variable; 	mso-font-signature:3 680460288 22 0 262145 0;} @font-face 	{font-family:&quot;Cambria Math&quot;; 	panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; 	mso-font-charset:0; 	mso-generic-font-family:roman; 	mso-font-pitch:variable; 	mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1107304683 0 0 159 0;} @font-face 	{font-family:&quot;\@SimSun&quot;; 	panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1; 	mso-font-charset:134; 	mso-generic-font-family:auto; 	mso-font-pitch:variable; 	mso-font-signature:3 680460288 22 0 262145 0;}  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-unhide:no; 	mso-style-qformat:yes; 	mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;; 	margin:0cm; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; 	mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun; 	mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;} span.apple-style-span 	{mso-style-name:apple-style-span; 	mso-style-unhide:no;} .MsoChpDefault 	{mso-style-type:export-only; 	mso-default-props:yes; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; 	mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; 	mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;} @page Section1 	{size:612.0pt 792.0pt; 	margin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm; 	mso-header-margin:36.0pt; 	mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt;1a y 22,23-dihidroavermectina-B&lt;!--  /* Font Definitions */  @font-face 	{font-family:SimSun; 	panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1; 	mso-font-alt:宋体; 	mso-font-charset:134; 	mso-generic-font-family:auto; 	mso-font-pitch:variable; 	mso-font-signature:3 680460288 22 0 262145 0;} @font-face 	{font-family:&quot;Cambria Math&quot;; 	panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; 	mso-font-charset:0; 	mso-generic-font-family:roman; 	mso-font-pitch:variable; 	mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1107304683 0 0 159 0;} @font-face 	{font-family:&quot;\@SimSun&quot;; 	panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1; 	mso-font-charset:134; 	mso-generic-font-family:auto; 	mso-font-pitch:variable; 	mso-font-signature:3 680460288 22 0 262145 0;}  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-unhide:no; 	mso-style-qformat:yes; 	mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;; 	margin:0cm; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; 	mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun; 	mso-fareast-language:ZH-CN;} span.apple-style-span 	{mso-style-name:apple-style-span; 	mso-style-unhide:no;} .MsoChpDefault 	{mso-style-type:export-only; 	mso-default-props:yes; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; 	mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt; 	mso-fareast-font-family:SimSun;} @page Section1 	{size:612.0pt 792.0pt; 	margin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm; 	mso-header-margin:36.0pt; 	mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt;1b de &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;estructura similar a los antibióticos macrólidos, pero sin actividad antibiótica. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a onblur=&quot;try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}&quot; 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priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;60&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;64&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 2&quot;&gt; 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priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&quot;&gt; 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priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;19&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;21&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Intense Emphasis&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;31&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;32&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; 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	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:11.0pt; 	font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; 	mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; 	mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; 	mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; 	mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; 	mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; 	mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; 	mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; 	mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 8.5pt; font-family: &amp;quot;Times&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;&quot; &gt; Tras varios estudios se demostró que el caldo fermentado del actinomiceto Streptopmyces avermentilis de la tierra presentaba este efecto.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;border-width: 1px; border-top: 1px solid rgb(62, 158, 254); border-right: 1px solid rgb(62, 158, 254); padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; font-weight: bold; border-left-color: rgb(62, 158, 254);&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:trebuchet ms;&quot;&gt;Puede decirse que esta sustancia activa supuso un avance enorme y una revolución en el control de los parásitos en veterinaria (uso inicial) y desde 1996 aprobado por la FDA para uso humano. Durante muchos años fue y sigue siendo la sustancia activa parasiticida más vendida en el mundo. &lt;strong&gt;También es conocida con el nombre de Stromectol en los Estados Unidos y Mectizan en Canadá, en nuestro país es distribuido como &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(51, 102, 102);&quot;&gt;Ivexterm&lt;/span&gt; por Valeant Farmaceutica.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(51, 102, 102);font-size:130%;&quot; &gt;FARMACOCINÉTICA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Posterior a su administración oral, se absorbe rápidamente y casi en su totalidad, alcanza un pico máximo de concentración de 46.6 ng/ml, a las 4 horas después de su administración. La vida media plásmática es de aproximadamente 16 a 35 horas. Es altamente lipofílica, por lo cual tiene una elevada distribución tisular y una prolongada residencia en plasma.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La ivermectina no atraviesa la barrera hematoencefálica, y se distribuye en bajas concentraciones en la leche materna, alcanzando su pico máximo entre las 4 y 12 horas después de su administración.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La ivermectina se metaboliza parcialmente a nivel hepático, con la formación de al menos 10 metabolitos, la mayoría hidrolizados y demetilados. Se ha demostrado que el citcromo P4503A4 es el responsable del metabolismo del farmaco. Este citocromo es diferente del P450, citocromo que se le ha atribuido ser productor de la hepatoxicidad. Tanto el fármaco original, como la mayoria de sus metabolitos, se excretan casi exclusivamente en las heces, a lo largo de los 12 días posteriores al tratamiento. Menos de 1% de la dosis administrada se elimina en orina. Esta eliminación asegura la continua actividad parasiticida durante el ciclo biológico del parásito, actuando sobre las etapas larvaria y adulta de los parásitos susceptibles.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(51, 102, 102);&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;MECANISMO DE ACCION&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;meta equiv=&quot;Content-Type&quot; content=&quot;text/html; charset=utf-8&quot;&gt;&lt;meta name=&quot;ProgId&quot; content=&quot;Word.Document&quot;&gt;&lt;meta name=&quot;Generator&quot; content=&quot;Microsoft Word 12&quot;&gt;&lt;meta name=&quot;Originator&quot; content=&quot;Microsoft Word 12&quot;&gt;&lt;link rel=&quot;File-List&quot; href=&quot;file:///C:%5CUsers%5CAVILA%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml&quot;&gt;&lt;link rel=&quot;Edit-Time-Data&quot; href=&quot;file:///C:%5CUsers%5CAVILA%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_editdata.mso&quot;&gt;&lt;link rel=&quot;OLE-Object-Data&quot; 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actualmente se conoce que la Ivermectina ejerce su acción al unirse a los canales de Cl-, ligados al receptor de glutamato (GluCl). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Normalmente el glutamato se enlaza en el receptor postsináptico, provocando una apertura de los canales de cloro (Cl-) exclusivamente, e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;stos canales iónicos están compuestos por tres subunidades (a, b, d) que se combinan entre sí para formar un pentámero, presentando este grupo de drogas afinidad por la subunidad a.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;Dichos receptores se encuentran localizados mayoritariamente en las neuronas, células musculares y en los primordios sexuales del nemátodo. Cuando la Ivermectina se une selectivamente e irreversiblemente a estos receptores se produce un incremento en la permeabilidad al cloro, que se traduce en un incremento de la entrada intracelular de iones cargados negativamente, lo que origina una hiperpolarización de la neurona motora.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;Las lactonas macrocíclicas, a bajas concentraciones potencian el efecto del glutamato inhibiendo el bombeo faringeo, por lo que se altera la ingestión de alimento y a concentraciones elevadas producen, por sí mismas la apertura del canal, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;bloqueando el glutamato y hacen que permanezcan abiertos los canales de cloro por acción de este y, como consecuencia, los iones de cloro siguen fluyendo al interior de la célula nerviosa cambiando la carga de la membrana celular. Este flujo continuo de iones de cloro bloquea la neurotransmision, y se previene el estímulo muscular. Al bloquearse la señal, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;se produce una parálisis tónica de la musculatura somática del parásito, particularmente la bomba faríngea y el músculo de los primordios sexuales, provocando la muerte del parásito.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;          &lt;/div&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;Es imperioso aclarar, que existen diferencias manifiestas entre los receptores de los invertebrados y los de los mamíferos, lo que determina la actividad selectiva de esta droga y la seguridad que brinda su uso en estos últimos. Dichos receptores se encuentran localizados mayoritariamente en las neuronas, células muscular&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;es y en &lt;/span&gt;el útero de los invertebrados. Debido a que el&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt; receptor de glutamato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt; y el GABA en los mamíferos están confinados al sistema nervioso central, y debido a que el fármaco no atraviesa la barrera hematoencefálica, el producto no ejerce efectos semejantes en el humano. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;border: 2px solid rgb(62, 158, 254); padding: 10px; font-weight: bold; font-size: 14px; color: black; font-family: arial,helvetica;&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;La ivermectina es un potente antiparasitario activo contra Sarcoptes escabiei y Pediculus humanus, así como nemátodos como: Ascaris lumbricoides, Enterobius vermicularis, Trichuris thichiura, Strongyloides stercoralis, Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, Mansonella perstans y ozzardi, así como Onchocerca volvulus. Y es el tratamiento de elección en Gnathostoma spinigerium.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La ivermectina no actúa contra parásitos que no tienen GABA como transmisor de los impulsos nerviosos (tremátodos o céstodos), ejemplo fasciolas y las taenias.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(51, 102, 102);&quot;&gt;CONTRAINDICACIONES&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Se contraindica en pacientes que sean hipersensibles a la ivermectina. No se recomienda su uso durante el &lt;strong&gt;embarazo&lt;/strong&gt;, ya que los estudios en roedores (ratón, rata y conejo), si bien a dosis muy elevadas, mostraron efectos en el desarrollo del paladar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Su uso está contraindicado en &lt;strong&gt;menores de 5 años&lt;/strong&gt;, o en menores a 15 kg de peso (su eficacia y seguridad no ha sido establecida).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;En cuanto a la &lt;strong&gt;lactancia&lt;/strong&gt;, la ivermectina se excreta en bajas concentraciones en la leche materna, por lo que se recomienda, a criterio médico, suspender la lactancia, o si es posible, esperar para administrar el tratamiento.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(51, 102, 102);font-size:130%;&quot; &gt;PRECAUCIONES GENERALES&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;En los pacientes con múltiples larvas, pueden presentarse reacciones cutáneas, debido a la reacción alérgica que ocurre tras la muerte de las larvas, estos fenómenos pueden confundirse o agregarse a reacciones de hipersensibilidad hacia el fármaco, por lo que no deben perderse de vista estos eventos, para tomar las medidas de sostén pertinentes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(51, 102, 102);font-size:130%;&quot; &gt;REACCIONES SECUNDARIAS Y ADVERSAS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Se ha reportado astenia y fatiga, dolor abdominal, anorexia, constipación, diarrea, náusea y vómito en menos de 1% de los casos. Con incidencia semejante también se ha descrito, somnolencia, vértigo, y urticaria. En 2.8% de los enfermos se presentó prurito.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(51, 102, 102);font-size:130%;&quot; &gt;INTERACCIONES MEDICAMENTOSAS Y DE OTRO GÉNERO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;No reportadas, sin embargo, se debe considerar la alta unión a proteínas plasmáticas (93%) de la ivermectina; por lo que se debe tener precaución con ciertas drogas que presentan la misma característica, como digoxina. También medicamentos que tratan o previenen coágulos sanguíneos, como warfarina.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(51, 102, 102);&quot;&gt;PRECAUCIONES EN RELACIÓN CON EFECTOS DE CARCINOGÉNESIS, MUTAGÉNESIS, TERATOGÉNESIS Y SOBRE LA FERTILIDAD&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Las pruebas de mutagenicidad no han reportado efectos tales, para la ivermectina.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(51, 102, 102);font-size:130%;&quot; &gt;DOSIS Y VÍA DE ADMINISTRACIÓN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Actualmente en el tratamiento de Gnathostomosis, se administra 0.2mg/kg de peso, por tres dias, repitiendo el esquema a la semana.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size:130%;&quot; &gt;*NO AUTOMEDICARSE.&lt;br /&gt;*Solo ingerir tras el resultado ELISA (POSITIVO) e indicado por un médico.&lt;br /&gt;*Ingerir por lo menos 30 minutos antes o 2 horas después de los alimentos&lt;br /&gt;*Puede deglutirse o disolverse en no menos de una cucharada de agua.&lt;br /&gt;*No hay 100% de eficacia.&lt;br /&gt;*El esquema puede variar en diferentes unidades médicas o en casos aislados. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-family:Arial;font-size:130%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tras un mes posterior al termino del esquema, se deberá realizar ELISA antignathostoma de nuevo, para verificar el decremento de los niveles de anticuerpos contra el parásito, así como una BHc.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(51, 102, 102);font-size:130%;&quot; &gt;MANIFESTACIONES Y MANEJO DE LA SOBREDOSIFICACIÓN O INGESTA ACCIDENTAL &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(51, 102, 102);font-size:130%;&quot; &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;&quot;&gt;La sobredosis puede acompañarse de erupción cutánea, edema, cefalea, obnubilación, astenia, náusea, vómito y diarrea, ataxia, dolor abdominal, disnea, parestesias y urticaria. Se recomienda inducir el vómito y/o aplicar lavado gástrico tan pronto como sea posible. Si las condiciones del paciente lo requieren, administrar líquidos, electrólitos parenterales y ventilador mecánico.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhiu4vL2vAn80kD6mHZIuFNw3ZcpbP1EU6nSnc7xEbgYvYEyiIKSfBUbFyy2OYirgINSOLAZIlgodY3pPeKhX0WcRz8AN_NKTvHXRtGBbiTexApB6-U6Fnw94nYiD7Jlr3GDeR9-XPn6Y/s1600-h/bloggif_4a0f49ec1470a.gif&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgALCRVxOlOOkW3HYXGGGa8bVy3gMbtgdi0xdigIe-iRGpQKTOYhB0UoA8-H9ZTDR26hpIiJLCfuW-UhyphenhyphenxDSdQJEUC8zMjNX_v5-PasS_oMB21ysbk4r6wkZDMaektYYLw2pto0UMc6otc/s1600-h/1.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5336569591535975042&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0px 0px 10px 10px; float: right; width: 220px; height: 155px;&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgALCRVxOlOOkW3HYXGGGa8bVy3gMbtgdi0xdigIe-iRGpQKTOYhB0UoA8-H9ZTDR26hpIiJLCfuW-UhyphenhyphenxDSdQJEUC8zMjNX_v5-PasS_oMB21ysbk4r6wkZDMaektYYLw2pto0UMc6otc/s320/1.jpg&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(51, 102, 102);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PRESENTACIONES&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Caja con blister pack con 2 tabletas de 6 mg.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:180%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;&quot;&gt;Enlaces:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.libreriamedica8a.com/productos/2134.htm&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 153);&quot;&gt;Ivexterm &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 153);&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;l&quot; onmousedown=&quot;return clk(this.href,&#39;&#39;,&#39;&#39;,&#39;res&#39;,&#39;1&#39;,&#39;&#39;)&quot; href=&quot;http://www.libreriamedica8a.com/productos/2134.htm&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 153);&quot;&gt;DEF50 / MÉXICO 2004&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 153);&quot;&gt;) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;a title=&quot;http://www.merck.com/product/usa/pi_circulars/s/stromectol/stromectol_pi.pdf&quot; href=&quot;http://www.merck.com/product/usa/pi_circulars/s/stromectol/stromectol_pi.pdf&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 153);font-family:arial;&quot; &gt;&lt;strong&gt;Stromectol&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 153);&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dcmq.com.mx/num0301/0102_02.htm&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 153);&quot;&gt;Ivermectina oral: cinco años de experiencia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.merck.com/mmpe/print/lexicomp/ivermectin.html&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 153);&quot;&gt;Ivermectin: Drug Information &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://zoovet.com.ar/monografias/UNL-TP4.pdf&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 153);&quot;&gt;Resistencia de los endoparasitos a la ivermectina&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://gnathostomosis.blogspot.com/2009/05/ivermectina.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Dr. Ávila.)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjJK298TQM6oizt7OtneZEL2mcsgnFsr0WpwPvsyjEJ3uG4ZKmMNUEc_nC8iiUcocx6IAekF6PcEIwJeKviTguRwDDOoEUi02L_R-YIND5C0JxVLA3vnXGd0qIH-yDpSdBMlMPyP3QsWTk/s72-c/Imagen1.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9142173506272346708.post-8146613866310616712</guid><pubDate>Sat, 09 May 2009 09:55:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-05-09T03:07:20.317-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">ETÍMOLOGIA</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">GNATHOSTOMOSIS</category><title>¿GNATHOSTOMOSIS O GNATHOSTOMIASIS?</title><description>&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;Aún en la actualidad existe confusión en la denominación correcta de esta parasitosis, pues en la Parasitología Médica se emplean las terminaciones -iasis, y -asis por razones de eufonía o por presuntas exigencias de la declinación, según el origen griego o latino del vocablo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;La etimología de la palabra es griega y proviene de: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dicciomed.es/php/diccio.php?idlex=120&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;gnath(o)-&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt; γνάθος gr. &#39;mandíbula&#39; + &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dicciomed.es/php/diccio.php?idlex=237&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;stom(at)-&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt; στό-μα/-ματος gr. &#39;boca&#39; + &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.dicciomed.es/php/diccio.php?idsuf=110&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;-ā-&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt; lat.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;En 1994, un comité de expertos de la World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary and Parasitology (WAAVP) se encargó de estudiar esta cuestión y formuló los siguientes principios:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:times new roman;color:#000066;&quot;&gt;Para designar la enfermedad parasitaria, o la presencia de parásitos, debe emplearse exclusivamente el sufijo -osis (pl. -oses, en nomenclatura internacional). El sufijo -osis se añadirá a la raíz del nombre del taxón de parásitos que, en general, está formado por el nominativo de los taxones, eliminando una o las dos últimas letras:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;(Género)&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;Gnathostom&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; – &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;osis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; (sufijo). &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Este sistema de nomenclatura propuesto por la WAAVP ha merecido el apoyo de la European Federation of Parasitologists y la World Federation of Parasitologists, desde 1994. No obstante, todavía se tropieza con la resistencia de algunos sectores anclados en viejos hábitos, que consideran innecesario adoptar reglas de nomenclatura uniforme, sin embargo, la racionalidad que implica terminará imponiéndose.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;color:#336666;&quot;&gt;Referencia:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:courier new;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Nomenclatura en Parasitología: &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.medtrad.org/panacea/IndiceGeneral/n6_MCorderoCampillo.pdf&quot;&gt;PDF&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://gnathostomosis.blogspot.com/2009/05/gnathostomosis-o-gnathostomiasis.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Dr. Ávila.)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9142173506272346708.post-3901931209952798543</guid><pubDate>Wed, 06 May 2009 17:26:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-05-06T10:27:44.909-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">GNATHOSTOMOSIS</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">PREVENCION</category><title>MEDIDAS DE PREVENCIÓN</title><description>&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;La principal medida de prevención para disminuir la frecuencia de este padecimiento es evitar el consumo de pescado crudo o insuficientemente cocido de aguas dulces o salobres.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;También es importante controlar la presencia de perros, gatos, cerdos, mapaches, tlacuaches, etc. en áreas de explotación de peces dulceacuícolas ya que las excretas de estos mamíferos domésticos o silvestres, pueden contaminar las aguas con huevos del parásito.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;La difusión de la información sobre diferentes aspectos de la gnathostomosis a través de medios de comunicación, regionales y nacionales puede constituir una herramienta de gran utilidad para controlar y prevenir esta parasitosis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://gnathostomosis.blogspot.com/2009/05/medidas-de-prevencion.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Dr. Ávila.)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9142173506272346708.post-5723839736022468391</guid><pubDate>Wed, 06 May 2009 17:25:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-05-06T10:35:40.562-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">GNATHOSTOMOSIS</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">TRATAMIENTO</category><title>TRATAMIENTO</title><description>&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;A) Quirúrgico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;No existe un tratamiento específico para la gnathostomosis y generalmente se recomienda tratar de recuperar al parásito a través de maniobras quirúrgicas; sin embargo, esto resulta difícil principalmente por la naturaleza migratoria de la larva o bien por su localización en órganos o tejidos diferentes de la piel.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;B) Médico&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;El uso de albendazol administrado en dosis de 10 mg/kg de peso durante 15 días (sin exceder de 1000 mg), ha obtenido buenos resultados. En pacientes de México, que tomaron albendazol como tratamiento, se ha mostrado que las larvas emergen hacia planos superficiales de la piel, entre los días 10 al 14 postratamiento, formándose una lesión seudofurunculosa que indica el momento más oportuno para realizar una biopsia escisional y recuperar el parásito.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Presentaciones en México:&lt;br /&gt;Tabletas: Caja con 2, 4, 10 y 30 tabletas con 200 y 400 mg.&lt;br /&gt;Suspensión:&lt;br /&gt;Frasco con 10 ml y 20 ml (20 mg/ml).&lt;br /&gt;Frasco con 10 ml y 20 ml (40 mg/ml).&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Actualmente se está utilizando la Ivermectina, medicamento que según reportes tiene una eficacia del 100% con una sola dosis de tratamiento. La Ivermectina administrada por vía oral se absorbe rápidamente, las concentraciones terapéuticas se alcanzan 4 horas después de su ingestión. Por vía tópica la absorción también es adecuada, su acción terapéutica se alcanza a las dos horas cuando se aplica sobre la piel intacta y en minutos en los casos de miasis cutánea. El fármaco es excretado junto con la materia fecal en el más del 99% y sólo menos del 1% se excreta por vía renal.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Una dosis oral de 200 microgramos/kg (mg/kg) tiene una toxicidad insignificante. Los tratamientos repetidos han sido tolerados adecuadamente. A dosis de 10 mg/kg produce ataxia, bradipnea, ptosis palpebral, disminución de la actividad corporal, temblores, náusea, vómito y midriasis.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Como efectos adversos se pueden observar la presencia de incremento del prurito en el sitio de la infestación, en filariasis produce fiebre, adenopatías y artralgias, alteraciones de las que no se ha determinado su origen, puesto que se ignora si su aparición se debe a la destrucción de los parásitos o a efectos secundarios del medicamento. En animales de experimentación la administración de una dosis hasta 10 veces mayor de la recomendada produce náusea, vómito, somnolencia, letargo, convulsiones, coma y muerte. En humanos no se ha presentado ninguna defunción atribuida a su administración.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;En los microsomas hepáticos la ivermectina es metabolizada, con la formación de al menos 10 metabolitos, la mayoría son hidrolizados y demetilados. Se ha demostrado que el citcromo P4503A4 es el responsable del metabolismo de la ivermectina. Este citocromo es diferente del P450, citocromo que se le ha atribuido ser productor de la&lt;br /&gt;hepatoxicidad.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La ivermectina presenta un mecanismo de acción basado en la unión a los canales glutamados del calcio del ácido para amino butírico (GABA) presente de las neuronas y tejido muscular de los invertebrados, al inhibir su función produce la muerte de los parásitos por asfixia e inanición. La ivermectina no tiene efectos sobre la acetilcolina, norepinefrina y serotonina del huésped, por lo que no interfiere su función.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La FDA en 1996 aprobó la ivermectina para uso humano en tabletas de 6 mg, indicada especialmente para la oncocercosis y la estrongiloidosis en niños mayores de 5 años de edad. Francia, en 2001, aprobó su uso en personas con escabiasis. En nuestro pais está indicado en el tratamiento sistémico de las ectoparasitosis, como escabiosis, pediculosis y demodecidosis. En las parasitosis intestinales y tisulares como ascariosis, enterobiosis (oxiuriasis), trichuriosis, estrongiloidosis y microfilariosis (causadas por W. bancrofti, Brugia malayi, Mansonella perstans u ozzardi) Onchocercosis, así como gnatostomosis y larva migrans. Su uso está contraindicado en menores de 5 años, en mujeres embarazadas o en estado de lactancia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;En México, se ha usado la ivermectina a dosis de 200 microgramos/kg en niños con&lt;br /&gt;escabiasis y larva migrans cutánea, en esta ultima pudiendo ser manejada a dosis múltiples. En ninguno se presentaron efectos secundarios.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Presentación en México: Caja con blister pack con 2 tabletas de 6 mg.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://gnathostomosis.blogspot.com/2009/05/tratamiento.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Dr. Ávila.)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9142173506272346708.post-5040342690398849122</guid><pubDate>Wed, 06 May 2009 17:24:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-09-19T15:59:56.372-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">DIAGNOSTICO DIFERENCIAL</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">GNATHOSTOMOSIS</category><title>DIAGNOSTICO DIFERENCIAL</title><description>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;El &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;diagnóstico diferencial clínico&lt;/span&gt; debe incluir larva migrans de tipo Ancylostoma, Fasciola hepática (en casos de posición de cuadrante superior derecho), Toxocara (que además del compromiso pulmonar puede producir una paniculitis migratoria) y la Sparganosis, una infección parásitaria debido a un céstodo de la familia Spirometra, la cual se presenta con mayor frecuencia como un nódulo subcutáneo fijo, aúnque también se ha descrito una forma migratoria. La diferenciación clínica con las celulitis y las paniculitis inflamatorias es obligatoria al igual que algunas reacciones medicamentosas peculiares. Cabe señalar, que las localizaciones de la cara semejan cuadros de angio-edema y existe la posibilidad teórica de obstrucción de las vías respiratorias al igual que la molestia en otras funciones cuando las lesiones se localizan alrededor de orificios naturales. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;El &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;diagnostico diferencial histológico&lt;/span&gt; debe incluir la Celulitis Eosinofílica (Wells), pseudogranuloma piógeno, foliculitis eosinofílica (O’Fuji), granuloma eosinofilico de la cara, hiperplasia angiolinfoide con eosinofília, síndrome hipereosinofílico y la fasceitis eosinofílica (Schulman). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial;&quot;&gt;Los &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;estudios inmunológicos&lt;/span&gt; han mostrado inmunogenicidad cruzada con Strongyloides stercolaris, Ancylostoma caninum, Toxocara canis, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichinella spiralis, Anisakis sp., Paragominus westermani, Fasciola sp., Echinococcus granulosus y con la larva de Angiostrongylus cantonensis, parásito de origen asiático por consumo del caracol de agua dulce.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://gnathostomosis.blogspot.com/2009/05/diagnostico-diferencial.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Dr. Ávila.)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9142173506272346708.post-7801541225980697449</guid><pubDate>Wed, 06 May 2009 17:23:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-09-19T15:58:48.485-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">DIAGNOSTICO</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">GNATHOSTOMOSIS</category><title>DIAGNOSTICO</title><description>&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;meta equiv=&quot;Content-Type&quot; 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	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:11.0pt; 	font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; 	mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; 	mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; 	mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; 	mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; 	mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; 	mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; 	mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; 	mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; font-family: trebuchet ms;&quot;&gt;Los edemas subcutáneos migratorios y recurrentes, acompañados de leucocitosis, eosinofília, y antecedentes epidemiológicos de consumo de pescado se pueden considerar patognomónicos en las zonas endémicas. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;El diagnóstico definitivo de la Gnathostomosis humana se confirma con la demostración parasitoscópica de la larva L3A, pero, dada la naturaleza migratoria del parásito, identificar al mismo, presenta conflictos. El parásito induce en el hospedero una respuesta inmune con la producción de anticuerpos específicos IgG e IgE y eosinofília. Esto ha hecho importante el desarrollo de métodos inmunológicos para establecer el diagnóstico a través de pruebas cutáneas, reacciones de doble inmunodifusión, hemaglutinación indirecta, inmunofluorescencia, ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) e inmunoelectrotransferencia (Western blot), que se han diseñado principalmente en Tailandia y Japón. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;En México, por su parte, se ha implementado la prueba de ELISA en la Unidad de Investigación en Salud Pública «Louis Pasteur» de la Facultad de Ciencias Químicas de la Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa en Culiacán, Sinaloa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Los antígenos que se han usado con mayor frecuencia en estas pruebas han sido extractos crudos de larvas L3A de &lt;i style=&quot;&quot;&gt;G. spinigerum&lt;/i&gt; y de adultos de &lt;i style=&quot;&quot;&gt;G. doloresi,&lt;/i&gt; ya que existe menor dificultad para obtenerlos en hospederos naturales. Esto es válido ya que las cuatro especies que ocasionan Gnathostomosis humana presentan un gran número de antígenos compartidos. Sin embargo en México, se utiliza a partir de 2009 el extracto crudo somático de &lt;i style=&quot;&quot;&gt;G. binucleatum, &lt;/i&gt;especie endémica en el país&lt;i style=&quot;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/i&gt;esperando sensibilidad y especificidad superiores al 95%, lo &lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;que ha reforzado su aplicación en el diagnóstico concreto de esta zoonosis.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://gnathostomosis.blogspot.com/2009/05/diagnostico.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Dr. Ávila.)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9142173506272346708.post-3436387336132386347</guid><pubDate>Wed, 06 May 2009 17:22:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-05-10T16:40:39.532-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">ANATOMIA PATOLOGICA</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">GNATHOSTOMOSIS</category><title>ANATOMÍA PATOLOGICA</title><description>&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;La información sobre los mecanismos de interacción entre Gnathostoma y sus hospederos, es muy escasa. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;Se ha atribuido la patología causada por gnathostoma a dos factores:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A) Mecánico:&lt;/strong&gt; debido a la penetración de la larva impulsada por los movimientos del bulbo cefálico y la presencia de ganchos y espinas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;B) Enzimático:&lt;/strong&gt; dependiente de una hemolisina, una hialuronidasa, una proteasa (conocidos como “factor de difusión) y una sustancia semejante a la acetilcolina.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;Desde el punto de vista histológico Ollage-Torres y Ollage-Loaiza, describieron los cambios histológicos en las lesiones de algunos casos de gnathostomosis cutánea. En los &lt;strong&gt;dos primeros días&lt;/strong&gt;, la reacción inflamatoria presenta un &lt;strong&gt;infiltrado perivascular superficial y profundo constituido principalmente por linfocitos e histiocitos y muy pocos eosinófilos&lt;/strong&gt;. La epidermis presenta características normales. Del &lt;strong&gt;tercero al sexto día&lt;/strong&gt; de evolución, se observa una &lt;strong&gt;gran cantidad de eosinófilos localizados entre los adipocitos y los septos interlobulares&lt;/strong&gt;. También aparecen entre los eosinófilos algunos focos de células linfoides y zonas hemorrágicas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Del &lt;strong&gt;séptimo al décimo día&lt;/strong&gt;, &lt;strong&gt;el panículo adiposo se encuentra completamente infiltrado con eosinófilos y los linfocitos son escasos, los vasos sanguíneos se encuentran distendidos / congestionados y se observan grandes zonas hemorrágicas&lt;/strong&gt;. De acuerdo con estos autores, esta imagen es característica y diagnóstica de larva migrans por Gnathostoma y se conoce como &lt;strong&gt;paniculitis nodular migratoria eosinofílica&lt;/strong&gt;. Sin embargo otros autores no concuerdan con esta nomenclatura, ya que otras entidades nosológicas sobre todo de origen parasitario, comparten algunas de estas características histológicas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aparentemente las larvas L3A de Gnathostoma inducen principalmente una &lt;strong&gt;respuesta inmune tipo Th2&lt;/strong&gt; ya que esta subpoblación de linfocitos libera interleucinas como: IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13 y el factor estimulador de colonias granulocíticas y monocíticas (GM-CSF), activa linfocitos B, inducen la secreción de IgE y la generación y maduración de eosinófilos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:180%;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#003333;&quot;&gt;¿RESPUESTA INMUNE TH2?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Las &lt;strong&gt;células T de tipo 2&lt;/strong&gt; producen IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, e IL-13, entre otras, las cuales son responsables de una fuerte respuesta por anticuerpos e inhabilitan muchas de las funciones del macrófago; también inhiben el desarrollo de células Th1 y actividad de macrófagos, evitando así la tentativa de destruir grandes parásitos a través de la respuesta Th1 y de macrófagos, la cual puede ser dañina para el huésped. Así las células Th2 pueden ser consideradas como responsables para las respuestas del huésped independientes de fagocitosis.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Las células Th2 predominan durante las infestaciones por nemátodos gastrointestinales&lt;/strong&gt;, mientras que las respuestas Th1 preferentemente se desarrollan durante las infecciones por bacterias intracelulares.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://gnathostomosis.blogspot.com/2009/05/anatomia-patologica.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Dr. Ávila.)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9142173506272346708.post-6670782653058631235</guid><pubDate>Wed, 06 May 2009 17:20:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-09-19T15:57:11.677-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">GNATHOSTOMOSIS</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">MANIFESTACIONES CLINICAS</category><title>MANIFESTACIONES CLINICAS</title><description>&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;meta equiv=&quot;Content-Type&quot; 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	mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; 	mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; 	mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Es importante señalar &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms; color: black; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;que en esta parasitosis no se presenta ataque al estado general severo, el paciente se&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms; color: black; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;encuentra generalmente afebril, conserva la actividad y el apetito y sólo ocasionalmente presenta un&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms; color: black; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;discreto malestar, aúnado a que la lesión cutánea desaparece y no retorna tras días, meses o años posteriores. Por lo anterior, es entendible que el paciente no le de importancia al&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms; color: black; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;padecimiento y no acuda al médico. Otras personas refieren que tienen la sensación de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms; color: black; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;que algo les “camina&quot; bajo la piel, situación que les preocupa y es el principal motivo por&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms; color: rgb(102, 102, 102); font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: trebuchet ms; color: black; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;el que acuden a recibir atención médica.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Cuando &lt;st1:personname productid=&quot;la larva L&quot; st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;la larva L&lt;/st1:personname&gt;3A, es ingerida en carne cruda o insuficientemente cocida de peces de agua dulce o carne de hospederos paraténicos, se libera en el estómago, perforando la pared y migrando hacia el hígado. En esa etapa, generalmente uno o dos días después de la ingestión, los pacientes pueden presentar fiebre, dolor epigástrico, náuseas y vómito;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; color: black;&quot;&gt;leucocitosis leve y aumento acentuado de&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; color: black;&quot;&gt;eosinófilos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Posteriormente, de &lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;3 ó 4 semanas hasta 3 años&lt;/span&gt;, la larva puede dirigirse a cualquier parte del cuerpo y la sintomatología dependerá de la zona afectada. Este proceso ocasiona un síndrome de larva migrans y las manifestaciones pueden ser cutáneas, oculares, neurológicas, viscerales o una combinación de ellas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 51, 51);&quot;&gt;MANIFESTACIONES CUTÁNEAS:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; probablemente son las más frecuentes y se han clasificado en cuatro variedades:&lt;strong&gt; inflamatoria, serpiginosa, pseudofurunculosa y mixta&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La variedad &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 51, 51);&quot;&gt;inflamatoria&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, es la más común y también es llamada profunda, se caracteriza por la &lt;strong&gt;aparición de edemas migratorios intermitentes, eritematosos, indurados, pruriginosos y con aumento de la temperatura local&lt;/strong&gt;. Al desaparecer el edema, con frecuencia queda una zona hemorrágica o placa pigmentada que desaparece en aproximadamente dos a cinco semanas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;En la variedad &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 51, 51);&quot;&gt;serpiginosa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; o superficial, se observan &lt;strong&gt;surcos poco sinuosos, eritematosos e indurados los cuales son más anchos en el extremo por donde avanza la larva&lt;/strong&gt;, ya que en esa área la reacción inflamatoria es más intensa.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;La forma &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 51, 51);&quot;&gt;pseudofurunculosa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; se manifiesta como &lt;strong&gt;pápula roja e indurada que en ocasiones muestra un centro de color pardo&lt;/strong&gt;, a través del cual la larva puede salir espontáneamente.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Algunos pacientes pueden presentar más de una de estas formas dermatológicas. Las lesiones generalmente son recurrentes en intervalos que van de una semana a varios años. Cuando la larva L3A migra hacia el &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 51, 51);&quot;&gt;OJO&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, puede causar &lt;strong&gt;dolor, equimosis, uveítis anterior aguda, aumento de la presión intraocular y hemorragias en la retina y el vítreo&lt;/strong&gt;; en ocasiones el daño puede conducir a la &lt;strong&gt;pérdida de la visión&lt;/strong&gt;. Las afecciones &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 51, 51);&quot;&gt;NEUROLÓGICAS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; del padecimiento han sido estudiadas principalmente en Tailandia; y se han encontrado como principales signos y síntomas: &lt;strong&gt;radiculomielitis, radiculomieloencefalitis, hemorragias subaracnoideas, cefalea intensa, deficiencias motoras y sensitivas en las extremidades, disfunción de los pares craneanos, pérdida de la conciencia, estado de coma y en seis pacientes sobrevino la muerte&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;En los casos de gnathostomosis &lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 51, 51);&quot;&gt;VISCERAL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;, la larva L3A puede migrar hacia &lt;strong&gt;pulmones, estómago, intestinos, endometrio o vías urinarias&lt;/strong&gt;. Cuando el parásito se encuentra en pulmones, el paciente puede presentar tos, dolor torácico, disnea, hemoptisis, neumotórax e hidroneumotórax. En algunos casos la larva ha sido expulsada durante la expectoración. En el aparato digestivo, la enfermedad puede ser asintomática pero en ocasiones se puede formar un granuloma eosinofílico que ha sido confundido con apendicitis o carcinoma de colon. Los casos registrados de gnathostomosis en las vías genitourinarias son pocos y se han asociado con dolor, fiebre, hematuria, sangrado vaginal y cervicitis&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;margin: auto; visibility: visible; width: 460px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;embed style=&quot;width: 404px; height: 320px;&quot; name=&quot;filmstrip&quot; src=&quot;http://flash.picturetrail.com/pflicks/3/spflick.swf&quot; type=&quot;application/x-shockwave-flash&quot; quality=&quot;high&quot; flashvars=&quot;ql=2&amp;amp;src1=http://pic90.picturetrail.com/VOL2221/12080039/flicks/1/7089889&quot; wmode=&quot;transparent&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; allowscriptaccess=&quot;sameDomain&quot; align=&quot;middle&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; width=&quot;404&quot;&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://gnathostomosis.blogspot.com/2009/05/manifestaciones-clinicas.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Dr. Ávila.)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9142173506272346708.post-6213932478785502182</guid><pubDate>Wed, 06 May 2009 17:19:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-05-10T17:39:04.288-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">GNATHOSTOMOSIS</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">MORFOLOGIA</category><title>MORFOLOGÍA</title><description>&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#003333;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5GHt99IUIeYx2nzFK-lBFFbD613d8I4e2r7hx9AMovZ_4QMG5TVT6p_SFxvnEuq1bSPf2O-_Sw_4CJqC-QP1XqU4KTxelyaKa5HZsXXLtAyqacpKjULhPaxPIP9F-_3CkQ6IR0SCdhMo/s1600-h/Imagen3.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5334358485725699842&quot; style=&quot;FLOAT: right; MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 170px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 269px&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5GHt99IUIeYx2nzFK-lBFFbD613d8I4e2r7hx9AMovZ_4QMG5TVT6p_SFxvnEuq1bSPf2O-_Sw_4CJqC-QP1XqU4KTxelyaKa5HZsXXLtAyqacpKjULhPaxPIP9F-_3CkQ6IR0SCdhMo/s320/Imagen3.jpg&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#003333;&quot;&gt;ADULTOS:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; Los adultos presentan un cuerpo cilíndrico cuya longitud varía de acuerdo con la edad y el sexo, entre 1.5 y 3.3 cm para la hembra y de 1.2 a 3.0 cm para el macho. El extremo anterior está conformado por un bulbo cefálico con hileras concéntricas de ganchos y en su parte central tienen un par de labios que rodean una cavidad alargada. Sobre la superficie del cuerpo existen hileras de espinas cuticulares que varían en distribución, forma y tamaño dependiendo de la especie.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hacia la región caudal se encuentran los órganos genitales, los cuales están conformados por papilas de diferente forma y distribución. En el macho, esta porción se encuentra encorvada hacia la parte ventral y presenta dos espículas de diferente longitud que facilitan el proceso de copulación. El aparato reproductor de la hembra está formado por un doble útero que se comunica con una vagina verdadera en cuyo interior se observan huevos en diferentes etapas de maduración; éstos son expulsados al exterior a través de la vulva localizada en la parte media del cuerpo. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgezE6A7Yk2SKL6jxQT3fi6VqfjLVu5QnMdg7mVHjRT-_kgjmqgeoGwyucgGfFSp5BvQWCuOwRA9UXFUQgn5Y52Prr4AJ0X0kAB1g9WzbI3X-GpVA3aTdMAvKaEGV3NGFSANgaUPi5h3hM/s1600-h/Imagen2.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5334357756381071906&quot; style=&quot;FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 133px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 100px&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgezE6A7Yk2SKL6jxQT3fi6VqfjLVu5QnMdg7mVHjRT-_kgjmqgeoGwyucgGfFSp5BvQWCuOwRA9UXFUQgn5Y52Prr4AJ0X0kAB1g9WzbI3X-GpVA3aTdMAvKaEGV3NGFSANgaUPi5h3hM/s320/Imagen2.png&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#003333;&quot;&gt;HUEVOS:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; Los huevos fertilizados son ovalados, de color amarillo o café claro, miden aproximadamente 70 x 40 um están rodeados de una pared gruesa con uno o dos bulbos polares.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#003333;&quot;&gt;LARVAS:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; Las larvas L3A que parasitan a hospederos intermediarios, paraténicos y al hombre, son gusanos de cuerpo cilíndrico y extremos redondeados de 3 a 4.7 mm de longitud. En la porción anterior, presentan un bulbo cefálico en el que sobresalen tres o cuatro hileras transversales de ganchos y en la parte frontal de esta misma estructura, aparece una cavidad de forma oblonga rodeada por dos labios voluminosos que muestran un par de papilas cada uno. Al igual que los parásitos adultos, en el interior del bulbo cefálico, se encuentran cuatro&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEil7OvnyoTvJSu2wBRP5mvhIFZ-6HeT98LjGOdMQ1QH259Vr60aIxgAK62tCXujF0eHPWkjTENG1ITkDNZq5cdp69tWhO_DoG7NBy8Rxki2VnokKIp7PbA7N05P59rZgohx0pku_-1t32Y/s1600-h/Larva+2001.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5334358248959067122&quot; style=&quot;FLOAT: right; MARGIN: 0px 0px 10px 10px; WIDTH: 210px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 206px&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEil7OvnyoTvJSu2wBRP5mvhIFZ-6HeT98LjGOdMQ1QH259Vr60aIxgAK62tCXujF0eHPWkjTENG1ITkDNZq5cdp69tWhO_DoG7NBy8Rxki2VnokKIp7PbA7N05P59rZgohx0pku_-1t32Y/s320/Larva+2001.jpg&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; cámaras huecas llamadas bayonetas que se comunican de manera independiente con cuatro sacos cervicales en forma de maza o clava, que cuelgan libremente en el seudoceloma y contiene un material líquido. El esófago que continúa de la boca, se comunica con el intestino, el cual termina en un poro anal, hacia la región ventral del cuerpo.La superficie de las larvas, al igual que en los adultos, presenta hileras de espinas cuticulares que se hacen más escasas a medida que se alejan del bulbo cefálico.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;En ocasiones, cuando las larvas L3A se aíslan del tejido muscular esquelético de aves ictiófagas, adoptan una forma semicircular y se observan cubiertas de tejido fibroso translúcido, a través del cual se identifica claramente el intestino.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://gnathostomosis.blogspot.com/2009/05/morfologia.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Dr. Ávila.)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5GHt99IUIeYx2nzFK-lBFFbD613d8I4e2r7hx9AMovZ_4QMG5TVT6p_SFxvnEuq1bSPf2O-_Sw_4CJqC-QP1XqU4KTxelyaKa5HZsXXLtAyqacpKjULhPaxPIP9F-_3CkQ6IR0SCdhMo/s72-c/Imagen3.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9142173506272346708.post-2885156498390553231</guid><pubDate>Wed, 06 May 2009 17:17:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-05-09T22:53:49.093-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">CICLO BIOLOGICO</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">GNATHOSTOMOSIS</category><title>CICLO BIOLÓGICO</title><description>&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;El ciclo biológico de los nematodos del género Gnathostoma es complejo e involucra diferentes hospederos definitivos: mamíferos silvestres o domésticos; intermediarios: diversas especies de crustáceos y peces de agua dulce y paraténicos: aves ictiófagas, anfibios y reptiles. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;El ciclo más conocido es el de G. spinigerum y fue descrito por Prommas y Daensvang entre 1933 y 1937, es el único ciclo que se conoce con detalle; el de las otras especies solo se tienen datos incompletos. Los parásitos adultos se alojan en el estómago o esófago de gatos, perros, marsupiales, porciónidos y cerdos, entre otros,Los adultos de G. spinigerum, se localizan en cavidades formadas por células hiperplásicas infiltradas por un exudado inflamatorio en la mucosa gástrica de perros, tigres, gatos, mapaches y tlacuaches. Estas cavidades son ocupadas por gusanos de ambos sexos. Las hembras liberan huevos fertilizados que son eliminados con las heces del hospedero. Cuando los huevos fertilizados son depositados en cuerpos de agua dulce como ríos, lagos, presas o diques, con temperaturas entre 24 y 28 C, inician su desarrollo diferenciándose hacia una forma conocida como larva de primer estadio (L1), la cual sufre una muda y se transforma en una larva L2. La L2 es una larva rhabditoide que eclosiona del huevo a través de un opérculo, y se mueve libremente en el agua. En este proceso, que dura aproximadamente 7 días, la larva es ingerida por pequeños crustáceos (copépodos) de los géneros Cyclops, Eucyclops, Mesocyclops, Tropocyclops y Acantocyclops.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;En un periodo 7 a 10 días, la larva L2 se transforma a larva L3 temprana (L3T) en el hemocele de los copépodos infectados que sirven de alimento a diversas especies de peces dulceacuícolas. En el estómago de los peces, se libera la larva L3T, que perfora la pared y migra hacia el tejido muscular esquelético donde se enquista y transforma en larva L3 de estadio avanzado (L3A).Los peces infectados con larva L3A pueden ser depredados por vertebrados como ranas y culebras así como aves ictiófagas o mamíferos que no son hospederos naturales del parásito.Es importante señalar que la larva L3A es la forma que parasita al hombre, siendo éste un hospedero accidental que adquiere la enfermedad cuando consume carne infectada de pescado cruda o insuficientemente cocida en platillos como “cebiche”, “sushi” y “sashimi”. El ciclo biológico se completa cuando los segundos hospederos intermediarios o paraténicos son ingeridos por los hospederos definitivos en los que la larva L3A se transforma en parásito adulto.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;embed style=&quot;WIDTH: 474px; HEIGHT: 395px&quot; name=&quot;shimmer_tiles&quot; align=&quot;middle&quot; src=&quot;http://flash.picturetrail.com/pflicks/3/spflick.swf&quot; width=&quot;474&quot; height=&quot;395&quot; type=&quot;application/x-shockwave-flash&quot; allowscriptaccess=&quot;sameDomain&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#000000&quot; wmode=&quot;transparent&quot; flashvars=&quot;ql=2&amp;amp;src1=http://pic90.picturetrail.com/VOL2221/12080039/flicks/1/7086536&quot; quality=&quot;high&quot;&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ciclo de Vida.&lt;/strong&gt; Diaz Camacho y Col.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/p&gt;</description><link>http://gnathostomosis.blogspot.com/2009/05/ciclo-biologico.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Dr. Ávila.)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9142173506272346708.post-7681796105280682629</guid><pubDate>Wed, 06 May 2009 17:15:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-05-10T00:00:20.858-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">GNATHOSTOMOSIS</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">HOSPEDEROS NATURALES E INTERMEDIARIOS</category><title>HOSPEDEROS NATURALES E INTERMEDIARIOS</title><description>&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;En lo concerniente a la identificación de hospederos definitivos y especies de Gnathostoma en México, Caballero y Caballero en 1958 encontró tres parásitos adultos en &lt;strong&gt;tlacuache (Diedlphis marsupialis) &lt;/strong&gt;capturado en Jaltenango, Chiapas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Posteriormente, Ortiz Villaseñor y col. en 1990, identificaron por primera vez en México, a G. procyonis parasitando el estómago de &lt;strong&gt;tlacuaches (Didelphis virginiana)&lt;/strong&gt; capturados en Tepoztlán y Cuernavaca en el estado de Morelos. En el año siguiente Almeyda describió una nueva especie, G. binucleatum, encontrada en &lt;strong&gt;félidos silvestres (Felis pardalis y Felis catus)&lt;/strong&gt; procedentes de la cuenca del río Papaloapan en Oaxaca-Veracruz y en esta misma área se identificó a G. turgidum en un tlacuache de una especie no identificada en Tlacotalpan, Veracruz, en 1994 se informó sobre el hallazgo de Gnathostoma procyonis aislado de un &lt;strong&gt;mapache (Porción lotor).&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:Arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;En relación con los hospederos intermediarios, Lamothe y col. describieron en Temazcal, Oaxaca, una zona endémica para gnathostomosis, en la que larvas L3A, parasitan al menos cuatro especies de peces de agua dulce: &lt;strong&gt;Petenia splendida (“mojarra tenhuayaca”), Cichalsoma urophthalmus (“castarrica”), Cichlasoma gadovii (“mojarra criolla”) y Oreochromis ssp (“mojarra tilapia”)&lt;/strong&gt;. En esta misma región, también se encontraron fungiendo como hospederos paraténicos a nueve especies de aves ictiófagas, cuatro de anfibios, y seis de reptiles.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;En Sinaloa, Díaz y col. ademas de los anteriores encontraron otras especies de peces de agua dulce como: &lt;strong&gt;Arius guatemalensis “Chihuil”, Gobiomorus sp “Machuro” o “Abomo”, Dormitator latifrons “Puyeque”, Cichlasoma beani “Mojarra nativa”, Eleotris picta “Mera” o “Vieja de Río”&lt;/strong&gt; y el pez de agua salada: &lt;strong&gt;Centropomus nigrescens “Róbalo”&lt;/strong&gt;, asimismo han identificado diez especies de aves ictiófagas que son hospederos paraténicos de Gnathostoma spp: &lt;strong&gt;Pelecanus erythrorhynchos (Pelícano), Pelecanus occidentales (Pelícano gris), Ardea herodias (Garza ceniza), Phalacrocorax olivaceus (Pato negro), Cochlearius cochlearius (Garza cucharón), Egretta thula (Garza dedos dorados), Anhinga anhinga (Flechador negro), Egretta alba (Garza blanca), Nycticorax nycticorax (Garza negra) y Phalacrocorax auritas (Cormorán doble cresta)&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;DISPLAY: block; WIDTH: 380px; TEXT-ALIGN: center&quot;&gt;&lt;embed style=&quot;WIDTH: 407px; HEIGHT: 189px&quot; pluginspage=&quot;http://www.macromedia.com/go/getflashplayer&quot; align=&quot;middle&quot; src=&quot;http://assets.bubbleshare.com/swfs/slider.swf?20081205191222&quot; width=&quot;407&quot; height=&quot;189&quot; type=&quot;application/x-shockwave-flash&quot; quality=&quot;high&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot; allowscriptaccess=&quot;always&quot; flashvars=&quot;rss_feed=http://www.bubbleshare.com/rss/591350.dc6d7bbee36/feed.xml&quot;&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;DISPLAY: block;font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:9;&quot;  &gt;BubbleShare: &lt;a style=&quot;FONT-SIZE: 100%&quot; href=&quot;http://www.bubbleshare.com/&quot;&gt;Share photos&lt;/a&gt; - &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;Play some &lt;a href=&quot;http://resources.kaboose.com/games/&quot;&gt;Online Games&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://gnathostomosis.blogspot.com/2009/05/hospederos-naturales-e-intermediarios.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Dr. Ávila.)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9142173506272346708.post-7234510731431385550</guid><pubDate>Wed, 06 May 2009 17:11:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-09-19T15:54:41.280-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">EPIDEMIOLOGIA</category><title>DISTRIBUCIÓN GEOGRÁFICA</title><description>&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;meta equiv=&quot;Content-Type&quot; 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priority=&quot;35&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;caption&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;10&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Title&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;1&quot; name=&quot;Default Paragraph Font&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;11&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Subtitle&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;22&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Strong&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;20&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Emphasis&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;0&quot; name=&quot;Normal (Web)&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;59&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Table Grid&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Placeholder Text&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;1&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;No Spacing&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;60&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Shading&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Grid&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;64&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;60&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;64&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Revision&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;34&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;List Paragraph&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;29&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Quote&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;30&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Intense Quote&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 1&quot;&gt; 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name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;64&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;60&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&quot;&gt; 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name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;60&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;64&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot;&gt; 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name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; 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	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-priority:99; 	mso-style-qformat:yes; 	mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;; 	mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0cm; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:11.0pt; 	font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; 	mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; 	mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; 	mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; 	mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; 	mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; 	mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; 	mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; 	mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Gnathostomosis tiene una amplia distribución a nivel mundial y el nemátodo se localiza en organismos carnívoros en prácticamente todo el planeta, se reportan casos en varios países como causa de enfermedad en el hombre, pero la mayor casuística es en el continente asiático, en países como Tailandia, Japón, China,&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; color: black;&quot;&gt;Singapur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;India,&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; color: black;&quot;&gt;Indonesia, Vietnam, Filipinas y Java,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; entre otros.&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; color: black;&quot;&gt;n América se han reportado casos en México, Ecuador, Brasil y Argentina.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; color: black;&quot;&gt;Casos aislados se han presentado en otras naciones, generalmente importados de zonas endémicas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;En México los principales estados afectados son &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; color: black;&quot;&gt;Sinaloa, Nayarit, Guerrero, Oaxaca, Tamaulipas y Veracruz y se han reportado algunos casos en Distrito Federal, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; color: black;&quot;&gt;Jalisco, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; color: black;&quot;&gt;Yucatán, Tabasco y Baja California Norte, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;con predominancia del tipo de manifestación cutánea inflamatoria seguida de las formas visceral y neurológica encontradas principalmente en Asia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Arial&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://gnathostomosis.blogspot.com/2009/05/distribucion-geografica.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Dr. Ávila.)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9142173506272346708.post-9119000163038139512</guid><pubDate>Wed, 06 May 2009 17:07:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-05-10T16:46:01.666-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">GNATHOSTOMOSIS</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">TAXONOMIA</category><title>TAXONOMIA</title><description>&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;Actualmente se reconocen 13 especies de Gnathostoma de las cuales únicamente cinco se han asociado con parasitosis humana en Asia: &lt;strong&gt;G. hispidum, G. malaysiae, G. doloresi, G. nipponicum y G. spinigerum.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;La última especie descrita &lt;strong&gt;G. binucleatum&lt;/strong&gt; fue establecida por Almeyda en (1991) con base en parásitos adultos localizados en nódulos gástricos en un ocelote (Leopardus pardalis) en Oaxaca, México. &lt;strong&gt;Considerando a este nemátodo endémico y como responsable de la gnatostomosis humana en México.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:180%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#003333;&quot;&gt;CLASIFICACIÓN TAXONOMICA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Phylum:&lt;/strong&gt; Nemathelminthes&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Clase:&lt;/strong&gt; Nematoda (Rudolphi, 1808)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Orden:&lt;/strong&gt; Eunematoda (Ward, 1916)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Superfamilia Spiruroidea&lt;/strong&gt; (Railliet y Henry, 1915)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Familia:&lt;/strong&gt; Gnathostomidae (Railliet, 1895)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Subfamilia:&lt;/strong&gt; Gnathostominae (Baylis y Lane, 1920)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Género:&lt;/strong&gt; Gnathostoma (Owen, 1836)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</description><link>http://gnathostomosis.blogspot.com/2009/05/taxonomia.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Dr. Ávila.)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-9142173506272346708.post-6757615500927182309</guid><pubDate>Wed, 06 May 2009 17:01:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2009-09-19T15:51:14.374-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">GNATHOSTOMOSIS</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">INTRODUCCION</category><title>GNATHOSTOMOSIS</title><description>&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;La &lt;strong&gt;gnatostomosis&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;meta equiv=&quot;Content-Type&quot; 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priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;64&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;60&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;64&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Revision&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;34&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;List Paragraph&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;29&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Quote&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;30&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Intense Quote&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 1&quot;&gt; 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name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;64&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;60&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&quot;&gt; 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name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;60&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;64&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot;&gt; 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name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;60&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;64&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;19&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;21&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Intense Emphasis&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;31&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;32&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;33&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Book Title&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;37&quot; name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;39&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Font Definitions */  @font-face 	{font-family:SimSun; 	panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1; 	mso-font-alt:宋体; 	mso-font-charset:134; 	mso-generic-font-family:auto; 	mso-font-pitch:variable; 	mso-font-signature:3 680460288 22 0 262145 0;} @font-face 	{font-family:&quot;Cambria Math&quot;; 	panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; 	mso-font-charset:0; 	mso-generic-font-family:roman; 	mso-font-pitch:variable; 	mso-font-signature:-1610611985 1107304683 0 0 159 0;} @font-face 	{font-family:Tahoma; 	panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4; 	mso-font-charset:0; 	mso-generic-font-family:swiss; 	mso-font-pitch:variable; 	mso-font-signature:-520082689 -1073717157 41 0 66047 0;} @font-face 	{font-family:&quot;\@SimSun&quot;; 	panose-1:2 1 6 0 3 1 1 1 1 1; 	mso-font-charset:134; 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	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-priority:99; 	mso-style-qformat:yes; 	mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;; 	mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0cm; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:11.0pt; 	font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; 	mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; 	mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; 	mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; 	mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; 	mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; 	mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; 	mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; 	mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;&lt;b  style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot; lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;พยาธิตัวจี้ด&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;) es una zoonosis endemica de los continentes Asiático y Americano. La enfermedad es causada por nemátodos espirúridos del género &lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;Gnathostoma&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:arial;&quot;&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La gnatostomosis humana, también conocida como &lt;strong&gt;larva migrans, edema de Yang-Tsé, Choko-Fuschu Tua ó edema subcutáneo migratorio&lt;/strong&gt;, se adquiere por la ingestión de carne cruda o mal cocida de peces de agua dulce o salobre infectados con &lt;strong&gt;larvas LA3&lt;/strong&gt; (tercer estadio avanzado) en tejido muscular esquelético, preparados en forma de “cebiche”, “callos”, “tlalos”, o por platillos orientales como el “sushi” o “sashimi”. En el hombre las larvas del tercer estadio avanzado no alcanzan su fase adulta y se comportan como una larva de migración mixta (síndrome de larva migratoria), llamado paniculitis nodular migratoria eosinofílica, caracterizado clínicamente por producir manifestaciones &lt;strong&gt;cutáneas, oculares, viscerales y neurológicas&lt;/strong&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;En la actualidad esta parasitosis representa un problema de salud pública en &lt;strong&gt;México&lt;/strong&gt;, ya que se ha registrado en más de &lt;strong&gt;16 estados&lt;/strong&gt; del país, con más de &lt;strong&gt;9000 casos&lt;/strong&gt; de gnatostomosis humana.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</description><link>http://gnathostomosis.blogspot.com/2009/05/gnathostomosis.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Dr. Ávila.)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item></channel></rss>