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Hepatitis B Vaccination Reduces Liver Cancer in Children and Teenagers

noreply@blogger.com (Main Menu) — Sat, 07 Nov 2009 02:45:00 +0000

Implementation of vaccination program of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is universal in infants in the mid-1980s has resulted in a significant decline in the incidence hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among children and adolescents in Taiwan. That's according to a report published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute online edition of 16 September 2009.

Hepatitis B is a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma - a type of primary liver cancer - especially in endemic areas of chronic HBV infection, as occurred in many parts of Asia.

Mei-Hwei Chang and colleagues from Taiwan hepatomas Study Group to investigate whether prevention of HCC after the launch of the program is a universal HBV vaccine to newborns in Taiwan in July 1984 has passed through childhood, and to determine predictors of HCC in the cohort of vaccinated infants when the new born.

Implementation of vaccination program of hepatitis B virus (HBV) is universal in infants in the mid-1980s has resulted in a significant decline in the incidence hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) among children and adolescents in Taiwan. That's according to a report published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute online edition of 16 September 2009.

Hepatitis B is a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma - a type of primary liver cancer - especially in endemic areas of chronic HBV infection, as occurred in many parts of Asia.

Mei-Hwei Chang and colleagues from Taiwan hepatomas Study Group to investigate whether prevention of HCC after the launch of the program is a universal HBV vaccine to newborns in Taiwan in July 1984 has passed through childhood, and to determine predictors of HCC in the cohort of vaccinated infants when the new born.

The researchers used two national HCC list to collect data from 1958 patients aged six to 29 years old when they were diagnosed with liver cancer between 1983 and 2004. Researchers analyzed HCC incidence according to age and gender of the newborn cohort of vaccinated and unvaccinated using Poisson regression models.

In addition, medical records of 64 patients who developed HCC while 5,524,435 had been vaccinated and those without HCC who were born after the universal program began, compared to the characteristics of hepatitis B immunization in infants and status of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B antigen "e" (HBeAg) in the mother before birth.

Alcohol Inhibits HIV Plus Short-Term Memory

noreply@blogger.com (Main Menu) — Mon, 19 Oct 2009 15:17:00 +0000

HIV infection and alcohol drinking habits may cause short-term memory until doubled. That's according to new research findings.

The study, published in the internet version of the first edition of Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, found that more than half of HIV patients in the clinic is also a heavy alcohol drinker and they seemed more troubled by the short-term memory, while long-term memory was not affected.

"The results show that people are able to withhold information for a while, which gives the impression that still can remember the information, while scores of immediate memory is lower, suggesting that these difficulties associated with the ability to learn, or recognize, the information," the study authors Edith V. Sullivan, professor of psychiatric faculty and behavioral sciences at Stanford University School of Medicine said in a press release issued by the journal publisher.

Inability to learn can affect many aspects of a person's life, including routines to abide by the treatment that helps fight HIV, Sara Jo Nixon, professor of psychiatric faculty at the University of Florida said in a press release the same. Strategies to help these patients need to be applied, he added.

Air pollution causes appendicitis referred

noreply@blogger.com (Main Menu) — Thu, 15 Oct 2009 13:37:00 +0000

Current air pollution is associated with respiratory disease and cardiovascular disease. Recently, the researchers say that the dirty air you breathe can also cause appendicitis. This new study published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal October 5, 2009 found that cases of appendicitis increases when the quality of dirtier air.

Dr. G. Gilaad Kaplan, senior author of the study and assistant professor of medicine division gastroenterologist at the University of Calgary in Alberta says that it makes us think about the causes of appendicitis which may be associated with air pollution. Air pollution is a risk factor that can be modified. If this finding is confirmed and we are able to enact unddang to mengendalian better air pollution, cleaner air, then we can probably prevent more cases of appendicitis. Other experts warn that at this early point in this study, the effect is not so clear.

Dr F. Paul Buckley III, assistant professor of surgery at Texas A & M Health Science Center College of Medicine and a surgeon at Scott & White Healthcare Round Rock, Texas said that this provocative, but there's a big difference between linking a number of factors with the disease and prove that These factors may cause the disease, and this study failed to show cause and effect. Buckey doubt pollution reduction will reduce the incidence of appendicitis. No one really knows why appendicitis or inflammation of the appendix and the infection occurs.

Appendicitis cases rose significantly in the late 19th century and early 20th century, when industrialization in control. Case dropped in the middle and later part of last century, when the law enforced clean air. Meanwhile, according to study authors, the countries that recently experienced an increase in the level of industrialization conditions.

A prevailing theory is that the appendix occurs when the opening to the appendix, an organ such as a bag attached to the large intestine, was blocked. Specifically, some experts believe that fiber intake is lower among citizens of industrialized countries resulted in obstruction of the appendix by feces.

But that does not explain the incidence of appendicitis decreased in the second half of the 20th century, says Kaplan. Air pollution is linked to various health conditions, especially respiratory disease and heart disease, including heart attack and stroke.

Kaplan and his colleagues studied more than 5000 adults treated in hospital in Calgary with appendicitis between 1 April 1999 until the end of 2006. This data is cross referenced with the analysis of air pollutants in the week before hospitalization.

Kaplan said that they found individuals are more likely to come with appendicitis in the week with higher concentrations of air pollution, particularly ozone and nitrogen dioxide.

More cases of appendicitis occur during the warmest months in Canada (April to September, when people are more likely outside the home), and men seemed more affected by air pollution than women. It is not clear why there is this gender difference, the researchers said.

Kaplan theorized that inflammation may explain the link, if proven to exist, between air quality and appendicitis. "This is still speculative, but air pollution may trigger inflammatory appendicitis," he said. "We have a few more steps before we can make that statement. We need to confirm and repeat these findings." Kaplan and co-author of the study planned in various cities in Canada.

Last year, Forbes magazine rated as Calgary the cleanest city of the world and Baku, Azerbaijan, as the dirtiest.

Prevent Osteoporosis with Exercise

noreply@blogger.com (Main Menu) — Tue, 13 Oct 2009 03:58:00 +0000

While some activities are tested in relation to their ability to stimulate the growth of strong bones, runs scored results three times higher compared with walking and other exercises. Meanwhile, up the stairs and exercises with an exercise bike, almost no impact on anything.

But that does not mean we should leave the gym to walk and chose to run with reason to worry we will weaken bones, says Charles Milgrom, MD, associate professor of orthopedics from the Hebrew University Medical School in Jerusalem. "Insert ran for 60 seconds in the middle of our walk program, is sufficient to signal the bones to increase bone mass, added Charles.

We do need to "forge" our bones harder, suggested Robert Marcus, MD, director of the aging study unit at Stanford University Medical School. So, if we do not move your body start to step on our feet for walking. As we've become accustomed to running, insert the program also ran 60 seconds. If still seems difficult, begin by running for 10 seconds first, which then continued with the improvement bit by bit. With this strategy, we can feel the bone response better, Dr.Marcus added.

Hate running? We can choose other training alternatives, such as jumping, slapping his hand into the air, tennis, tai chi or aerobics that has a greater impact and provide variety in our regular program. The exercises were also able to make muscles stronger and maintain a better balance, so that we can prevent injury and reduce the risk of bone fractures.

Or want to try suggestions from Dr.Milgrom? Enough to vary our walking program with zig-zag method, or walk forward and suddenly step backwards feet. Because of these sudden changes that can help our bones become stronger. And to make our practice to get perfect results, always accompanied the exercise by consuming foods that have a high calcium content as hormone replacement therapy at menopause.

TB Vaccine Enters Clinical Trial Phase

noreply@blogger.com (Main Menu) — Sat, 10 Oct 2009 15:35:00 +0000

For the first time in 80 years, the vaccine tuberculosis (TB) has entered a new phase of clinical trials on its efficacy. Although the developers are optimistic about the result, the lung and TB experts warned that not too happy first.

TB vaccine, which was tested in Worcester, a distance of about one hour drive from Cape Town, developed by the South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative (SATVI), supported by the Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation (AERAS), an organization dedicated to HIV research / TB.

News about the trials of new TB vaccine announced in the International Conference on AIDS Society (IAS) to-5 on Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention of HIV in Cape Town, July 2009.

Clinical trials, when the drug would be tested in humans, consists of three stages or phases. Phase-I aim to see whether the drug is safe use in humans, and involve small groups of 20-50 volunteers.

Phase-II, which aims to see whether the drug works well, involving hundreds of volunteers, and is often divided into two subtahap. While Phase-IIa assess how well the drug works, Phase-IIb centered on measures to be given to patients so that drugs worked well.

Test the third and final phase is the assessment of the potential of certain new drugs. Phase III involves a number of volunteers more, sometimes up to thousands of people, which is divided into two groups: one group received the drug, another group given a placebo. Requires up to 20 years before the new drug would get a green light.

Successful drug through Phase-II study did not necessarily continue. In 2007, tests on the Phase-III microbicide gel aimed at preventing HIV infection in women was stopped after scientists found that more participants were infected with the gel users than the placebo group.

Development of TB vaccines will start eight years ago, and will be tested on more than 2,700 children during the next few years. "If everything goes according to plan, the vaccine will be available in 2016," said Jerry Sadoff, President and CEO AERAS.

One of the concerns raised by the community during the conference, is whether people in developing countries - the most burdened by tuberculosis - able to buy the vaccine. "The price of new vaccines will not change, and will reach approximately U.S. $ 8-10 cents per dose," Sadoff said. "The price is comparable to the price of the vaccine Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) today."

The reason behind the development of new TB vaccine for the current BCG vaccine is used, developed in the 1920s, proved to be ineffective to protect adults against TB bacteria. "BCG vaccine is to protect children against the development of severe active TB, but only until the age of 15 years. After that, people no longer protected, "said Harries. "The BCG is that we can not give a second dose after the first dose protection was gone."

In Africa, especially in adults and teenagers who develop TB, often due to HIV infection. People with HIV, because their immune systems are weakened, more vulnerable to TB. "It is estimated that people with HIV and are likely to develop TB 10% per year," Harries said. "People who are HIV-negative, and are likely to develop TB 10% for the rest of his life."

Based on the report Global TB Report 2009 by WHO, in 2007 there are 9.27 million new TB infections, and 1.7 million people worldwide - 456,000 of whom were also infected with HIV, died from TB.

In South Africa, one of the countries with the highest TB burden, from 461,000 cases recorded in 2007, 336,000 occurred among people with HIV. Among the 112,000 people who died from TB, 94,000 were HIV-positive.

Despite the magnitude of the problem of TB in Africa and other developing countries, scientists are just beginning to find a vaccine in about 8-9 years ago. "Once found, BCG proved effective in Europe, and the prevalence decreases rapidly," says Sadoff. "Therefore, people in Western countries think TB was defeated, so as not to create a new vaccine - even though in fact TB is vicious attack in the developing world, particularly among people with HIV," he added.

MDR-TB resistant to two of the best TB drugs, and XDR-TB resistant to most first-line drugs and second. In 90% cases of XDR-TB can be deadly. Both types of TB drug resistance may occur if non-compliant TB patients on first-line drugs, which must be used up to six months.

Is vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of MTCT?

noreply@blogger.com (Main Menu) — Wed, 07 Oct 2009 15:18:00 +0000

Based on research conducted in Tanzania and reported in the Journal of Infectious Diseases August 12, 2009 edition of the Internet version, the level of low vitamin D increase the odds ratio of HIV transmission from mother to child (mother-to-child transmission / MTCT) during pregnancy, childbirth , or breastfeeding.

Saurabh Mehta from the Harvard School of Public Health and colleagues conducted an analysis to examine the relationship observed between vitamin D levels with pregnancy outcome and infant mortality. In addition, vitamin D is well known as a spur bone health, a strong immune booster, researchers note, and can prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes, including MTCT. Several previous studies have suggested that vitamin D is enough to encourage growth and development of the fetus.

The study involved 884 pregnant women who are HIV-positive who participated in trials of vitamin supplementation in Tanzania. Approximately 80% have no symptoms of HIV disease, the mothers received vitamin supplements from 12 weeks gestational age, but not including vitamin D.

Results

No relationship was observed between maternal vitamin D levels and poor pregnancy outcomes, including preterm delivery and babies born with low weight.
However, in multivariate analysis, women with low vitamin D levels (<32 ng / mL) 50% higher risk of transmitting HIV to her baby, which is determined at six weeks after birth.
Among the infants who remained uninfected at six weeks, the possibility of infants born to mothers with low vitamin D levels will be infected with HIV during breastfeeding is two times higher.
After 24 months of follow-up, babies born to mothers with low vitamin D levels overall 46% greater risk of contracting HIV.
MTCT increased as the level of vitamin D levels decreased, and mothers with the lowest vitamin D levels are most at risk.
Furthermore, babies born to mothers with low vitamin D levels, 61% greater risk of dying during follow-up.
Based on those findings, the study authors concluded that, "if proven efficacious in clinical trials at random, vitamin D supplements can be an inexpensive way to reduce the burden of HIV transmission and infant mortality, especially in resource-limited settings."

In discussion, the researchers argued that because vitamin D is known to support the development of the fetal immune system, infants born to mothers with vitamin D levels higher immune system may have a better so that they are more resistant to HIV infection.

Risk factors Deafness In Babies

noreply@blogger.com (Main Menu) — Tue, 06 Oct 2009 15:06:00 +0000

According to the Joint Am Comintte of infant Hearing Statement (1994) incidents occurred due to the emergence of deafness among others by:

• There is a family history of deafness

• There Torchs infections (Toxoplasma Rubella Cytomegalo Herpes simplex Siphilis) especially in the first trimester

• Low birth weight <1500 grams

• Hiperbilirubinemia (baby yellow)

• Asfiksia weight (Apgar skore 0 to 4 in the first minute, from 0 to 6 at five minutes

• Use ototoksik drugs (drugs that can damage the auditory system)

• Use of mechanical respirator (ventilator) are usually treated in the ICU> 5 days

• There is a syndrome associated with congenital deafness

• There are abnormalities found in the head neck

• bacterial meningitis (infection of the lining of the brain)

All the above disorders are risk factors of deafness.

1 if there is a risk factor then the possibility of deafness of 10 X, and if there is a risk factor then 3 potential deaf for 63 X

Psoriasis Associated with Cardiovascular Disease All

noreply@blogger.com (Main Menu) — Sat, 03 Oct 2009 11:21:00 +0000

Psoriasis is a chronic skin disease mediated immunity (immune-mediated disease). Pathophysiology of psoriasis is marked by an increase in antigen presentation, T-cell activation and cytokine T-helper cell type 1, which resulted in the formation of plaque, a thick red scaly. Psoriasis associated with an indication of systemic inflammation such as increased levels of CRP (C-reactive protein). Imunologik interference that occurs in patients with psoriasis is estimated to increase the risk of other diseases associated with disorders such imunologik. This may happen because the activation of T cells, cytokines, and increased systemic inflammation as an indication of CRP, which is associated with the process and ultimately artheroskelrosis associated with cardiovascular disease such as myocardial infarction.

In addition some other data indicate that patients with severe psoriasis are at increased risk of death and dying at a younger age compared with patients without psoriasis. Psoriasis can affect the quality of life, both in patients with severe and mild psoriasis.

A recent study shows that psoriasis associated with increased risk of cerebrovascular disease and PAP (peripheral arterial penyaktit). The results of the research published by dr. Srjdan Prodanovich and colleagues from the University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, in Florida, United States, in the journal Archives of Dermatology June 2009 edition.

Senior researcher who is also involved in this research, dr. Robert Kirsner, said that in recent years a lot of data that found an association between psoriasis with cardiovascular disease. dr. Robert Kirsner also said that this research is research which first reported the relationship between skin disease with other vascular diseases such as brain and legs. The study also showed an increased risk of stroke and increased occurrence of PAP in patients with psoriasis.

The experts in this study concluded 2 things: first, patients with psoriasis and doctors who treat patients with psoriasis need to know that people with psoriasis have a higher risk of vascular disease, and therefore have to undergo a screening examination (screening) of vascular disease, and get treatment if it is found in vascular disease; second, the data indicate that patients with psoriasis who were treated had decreased risk of cardiovascular disease.

In other words, do not provide therapy in patients with psoriasis is like not providing therapy for patients with hypertension or diabetes mellitus.

Dr. Srjdan Prodanovich and colleagues in this study examined the medical records of 3236 patients with psoriasis and 2500 patients who did not suffer from skin diseases. This involved patients are patients who seek treatment at the Miami Veterans Affairs Medical Center. The results memperlhatkan that psoriasis sufferers experience more likely to suffer from ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease and the PAP.

OR after a general adjustment, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and smoking.

Diagnosis Odds ratio

Artheriosklerosis 2:18
.78 Ischemic heart disease
Cerebrovascular disease 1.70
1.98 Peripheral Arterial Disease
All vascular disease 1.91

In addition to data above, the experts also mnemukan that psoriasis patients have a risk of higher mortality [OR 1.86] compared with controls. It is estimated associated with increased risk of certain cancers occur in people with psoriasis, such as lymphoma and leukemia.

The experts in this study provides recommendations for doctors who have patients with psoriasis in order to consider an increased risk of vascular disease in these patients. Also expected to dermatology specialists who already know this and cooperate with general practitioners or other specialists to treat psoriasis patients together, in connection with an increased risk of vascular disease in these patients with psoriasis.

Conclusion:

Research shows that psoriasis increases the risk of hypertension, diabetes and obesity. Psoriasisnya heavier, the higher the risk to suffer from obesity and diabetes mellitus.
In the case-control studies is known that psoriasis is accompanied with an increased risk of ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral arterial disease and increased overall mortality (overall mortality).

Wash hands 10 times a day can Avoiding Flu

noreply@blogger.com (Main Menu) — Thu, 01 Oct 2009 17:01:00 +0000

One study found that hygiene, masks, quarantine, all working to stop the spread of the virus. This study appears in the online edition of the journal BMJ 22 September 2009.

Medicines, personal hygiene, use of masks and quarantine, it helps prevent the spread of viral infections like flu. Currently, the researchers showed that the three latter strategy should be given more attention in the plan for a pandemic flu.

In an update of the study in 2007, Dr. Tom Jefferson of the Cochrane Acute Respiratory Infections Group in Rome, Italy, and colleagues reviewed the results of 59 studies that studied the effectiveness of strategies to reduce the spread of the virus germs that cause respiratory diseases such as flu and SARS. The researchers looked at studies that compared a number of strategies (quarantine / isolation, keeping sick people from healthy people through other methods, good hygiene) with other interventions, or do nothing.

Reviews found that wearing gloves, gowns and masks are effective, and so did wash their hands more than 10 times a day. This strategy is even more effective when people use more than one of them. Jefferson team also found that the highest-quality studies reported the spread of disease can be transmitted through cleanliness in the household and among young children.

The researchers found limited evidence that the mask type N95, which is not comfortable and expensive, is better than simple surgical masks. They also noted that it is unclear whether one needs to add to the antiseptic soap and water.

The researchers asked the national school program to promote hand washing and emphasize that gloves, gowns, masks and isolation of certain patients the right when there is a high risk of respiratory disease will spread.

Study authors concluded that more resources should be invested to learn what physical interventions are most effective, flexible and cost effective, to minimize the impact of acute respiratory tract infections.

Dronedarone Get FDA Approval for Treatment of Patients with Atrial fibrillation

noreply@blogger.com (Main Menu) — Thu, 01 Oct 2009 16:42:00 +0000

FDA (Food and Drug Administration) has approved the provision of dronedarone as a therapy for patients with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter, to reduce the risk of hospitalization due to after-care cardiovascular events.

This decision was made based on recommendations from FDA advisory panel for cardiovascular drugs and kidney (FDA Cardiovascular and Renal Drug Advisory Panel). Dronedarone considered as a safer drug than with Amiodarone, a drug that had been widely used as therapy for patients with atrial fibrillation.

Recommendations are given the FDA panel was made based on research results ATHENA (A Placebo Controlled, Double Blind, Parallel-arm, Trial to Assess the Efficacy of Donedarone 400 mg BID for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Hospitalization or Death from any Cause in Patients with Atrial fibrillation / Atrial Flutter). ATHENA research is led by dr. Stefan H. Hohnloser from JW Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany, and has been published in the New England Journal of Medicine. ATHENA study results showed that treatment with dronedarone reduce the risk of death from any cause or decreased risk for hospitalization for 24%, when compared with placebo. In addition, a decline in the incidence of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation, who received standard therapy, and getting dronedarone therapy.

Dronedarone contraindicated for patients with severe heart failure or for patients with heart failure with NYHA 2 or 3, with the dekompensasi hospitalization memerlukkan. Research Andromeda (Antiarrhytmic Trial with Dronedarone in Moderate to Severe Congestive Heart Failure Evaluating Morbidity Decrease) has ever done in quite some time ago showed that dronedarone may increase the risk of death in patients with heart failure are heavy, and ventricular dysfunction.

Further research needs to be done to find out with more certain about the effects of dronedarone on stroke events and more data to be collected about the impact on patients with heart failure.

Conclusion:

FDA (Food and Drug Administration) has approved the provision of dronedarone as a therapy for patients with atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter, to reduce the risk of hospitalization due to after-care cardiovascular events.
Dronedarone considered as a safer drug than with Amiodarone.
ATHENA study results showed that treatment with dronedarone reduce the risk of mortality due to all causes or hospitalization risk reduction of 24% compared to placebo and reduced the risk of stroke events.

The President's health care

noreply@blogger.com (Main Menu) — Fri, 25 Sep 2009 01:17:00 +0000

President Barack Obama's campaign for a health care overhaul is an intense installment in a long-running story
The basic issue, affordable health care for all Americans, has not changed. But possible solutions have not evolved either, in part because new proposals seldom build on old ones. Obama's broad, leave-the-details-to-Congress proposal has little in common with the 1,300-page measure President Bill Clinton couldn't even get to a vote in a Democratic Senate in 1993.

The Obama strategy was designed to avoid mistakes Clinton made in confronting Congress with a massive bill written in the White House under the management of Hillary Rodham Clinton and essentially telling the House and Senate to take it or leave it. Clinton threatened to veto any bill that did not deliver universal health care. He got nothing to veto.

Low vitamin D Increase Risk of Mother to Infant Transmission of HIV and Infant Mortality

noreply@blogger.com (Main Menu) — Fri, 25 Sep 2009 01:00:00 +0000

Low vitamin D in women associated with an increased risk of HIV transmission from mother to child (mother-to-child transmission of HIV / MTCT) and infant mortality. It was reported the researchers in the Journal of Infectious Diseases, online version.

"Increased risk of HIV infection or death at birth observed in babies born to mothers with low vitamin D levels at the beginning; level low vitamin D in mothers was also associated with HIV transmission through breastfeeding, and infant mortality is higher during follow-up , "wrote the researchers.

It is known that vitamin D levels may affect immune system function and that maternal vitamin D levels affect fetal growth. Furthermore, supplementation of vitamin D therapy showed an improvement of tuberculosis (TB), which is meaningful when associated with HIV because TB is the only one of the most important causes of illness and death with AIDS.

However, few studies examining the effects of vitamin D levels in pregnant women are HIV-positive and adverse outcome, including birth, MTCT, infant mortality during the early months of life, or the transmission of HIV due to breastfeeding.

Research on the use of vitamin D supplementation in pregnant women are HIV-positive people in Tanzania gives researchers the opportunity to assess the importance of maternal vitamin D levels of these results.

A total of 884 women who were included in the analysis of the researchers. The majority (80%) had asymptomatic HIV disease. Vitamin supplementation began between weeks 12 and 27 of gestation. However, the provision did not include vitamin D, vitamin levels are assessed at the beginning.

No relationship was found between vitamin D levels and poor pregnancy outcome such as premature birth, or babies born with low weight, or infants born with a small size compared to the age of the womb.

However, maternal vitamin D is low at the beginning (below 32 ng / ml), was associated with a 49% increased risk of fetal death or HIV infection at birth (CI: 95%; 7-109%), compared to infants of mothers with vitamin levels D is enough.

In addition, infants of mothers with vitamin D levels are low 50% greater risk of contracting HIV at six weeks compared to infants of mothers with vitamin D levels are normal (CI: 95%; 1,02-2,20).

After 24 months of follow-up, 30% of infants were HIV-positive. Infants of mothers with vitamin D levels are not sufficient, the HIV-negative at the age of six weeks twice as much risk of contracting HIV from the mother during breastfeeding than infants of mothers with vitamin D levels are sufficient (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 2, 03; CI: 95%; 1,08-3,82).

Overall MTCT rates after 24 months was 46% higher in infants of mothers with vitamin D levels are not enough, compared to infants of mothers with vitamin D levels are normal.

Further analysis by the researchers showed that women with the lowest vitamin D levels are at greatest risk of MTCT (P = 0.01), and the risk decreases as the level of vitamin D in the mother increases.

Finally, the researchers found that low vitamin D in the mother increases the risk of infant mortality during follow-up.

"Vitamin D is known to support the development of the fetal immune system; immune system is stronger perhaps more resistant to HIV infection and may explain the observed decrease in MTCT," commented the researchers.

The researchers continued, "these findings may also be associated with opportunistic infections and diseases less during follow-up and the result is a decrease in mortality. In addition, more and more evidence supporting the role of vitamin D to fight TB infection; TB is one of the major killer of HIV infected population. "

The researchers concluded that if giving vitamin D supplements have proved effective in the study, giving vitamin D "will prove to be a way that is quite simple and inexpensive way to reduce infant mortality and help to prevent MTCT is used in conjunction with HAART."

Response of hepatitis C treatment can be estimated with a genetic test

noreply@blogger.com (Main Menu) — Thu, 24 Sep 2009 15:49:00 +0000

The researchers found genes that can predict response to treatment of hepatitis C with interferon and ribavirin pegilasi. It was reported the researchers in the online edition of the journal Nature. According to the researchers, high knowledge of the parent genotype in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the future may become an important element for making clinical decisions about when to begin treatment.

There are an estimated 170 million people infected with HCV worldwide. Treatments that can eradicate the HCV infection is available, but can cause side effects and not always successful. Therefore, required a better understanding of the factors associated with response to HCV therapy.

The researchers studied human genes support the efficacy of HCV treatment. Study sample involved 1137 people infected with HCV genotype-1 (HCV type the most difficult to treat). There, patients were included in the IDEAL study, clinical trials examining the safety and effectiveness of interferon therapy for pegilasi HCV infection.

The researchers found that certain genes are most closely associated with sustained virologic response to treatment. The relationship was most obvious in people of European descent, with patients who have a gene that has a significantly increased chance of treatment response to anti-HCV than patients who did not have the gene (odds ratio [OR], 7.3; CI: 95%; 5 .1 to 10, 4). Genes that also increase the chance of success in the treatment of African Americans and Hispanics, but with a lower level than in whites.

Furthermore, the researchers found that the gene was more associated with treatment response in Americans of European descent than HCV RNA at the beginning or liver fibrosis, a general predictor of HCV treatment response. However, the European Americans and Hispanic descent, two common risk factors is a better guide to treatment response than the presence of genes.

The researchers argue that the discovery of genes that can explain the response to HCV therapy is better observed in white patients than African-Americans.

Some anti-HCV drugs currently being developed. The drug was included PI, and the researchers noted that research is needed to examine whether the gene also affects the response to drugs of this class. The researchers also argued that research should be conducted to determine whether genes play a role in the response to therapy in patients infected with different HCV genotypes.

As the gene also appears associated with eradication of HCV by nature and also the response to treatment, there was the impression "may be the result of genes involved in controlling HCV naturally." The study involved people infected with HCV only, so that still needs to be observed if the genes can predict response to treatment in patients coinfected with HIV / HCV.

Overcoming Insomnia

noreply@blogger.com (Main Menu) — Wed, 23 Sep 2009 14:59:00 +0000

Insomnia can be defined as a condition where a person having difficulty sleeping or can not sleep well. Average everyone has experienced insomnia once in his life. There are even more extreme mentions 30 - 50% of the population experiencing insomnia.
Insomnia can affect all age groups. However, the incidence of insomnia increases with age. This may be caused by the stress that often descend those older. In addition, women more often said to suffer from insomnia than men.
Here are some tips you can do to reduce the attacks of insomnia.

1. Exercise regularly. Some studies say that regular exercise can help people who experience problems with sleep. Exercise should be done in the morning and not a few minutes before sleep. With exercise, your health becomes more optimal, so the body can fight stress that comes with the better.
2. Avoid eating and drinking too much before bed. Foods that too much will cause stomach discomfort, while drinking too much will cause your back often to urinate. Of course the situation will disturb your sleep kenyenyakan.
3. Sleep in a comfortable environment. At bedtime, turn off the lights, turn off the menimbulan it sounds, make sure you are comfortable with the temperature of your sleeping room. Keep the clock of your eyes because it can make you anxious because of not able to sleep while the clock so late.
4. Reduce the drink which are stimulants or who makes you awake like tea, coffee. alcohol and cigarettes. This drink will cause you to wake up which of course you do not need if you want to sleep.
5. Makananlah snacks that contain little carbohydrates before bed, when available, add a glass of warm milk.

1. Exercise regularly. Some studies say that regular exercise can help people who experience problems with sleep. Exercise should be done in the morning and not a few minutes before sleep. With exercise, your health becomes more optimal, so the body can fight stress that comes with the better.
2. Avoid eating and drinking too much before bed. Foods that too much will cause stomach discomfort, while drinking too much will cause your back often to urinate. Of course the situation will disturb your sleep kenyenyakan.
3. Sleep in a comfortable environment. At bedtime, turn off the lights, turn off the menimbulan it sounds, make sure you are comfortable with the temperature of your sleeping room. Keep the clock of your eyes because it can make you anxious because of not able to sleep while the clock so late.
4. Reduce the drink which are stimulants or who makes you awake like tea, coffee. alcohol and cigarettes. This drink will cause you to wake up which of course you do not need if you want to sleep.
5. Makananlah snacks that contain little carbohydrates before bed, when available, add a glass of warm milk.

benefits grapes

noreply@blogger.com (Main Menu) — Mon, 21 Sep 2009 10:31:00 +0000

wine down this Start hypertension dlm format PDF Print this page Send this page to your friends via E-mail

Consumption of wine may help lower blood pressure and improve heart function in lab rats. Mitchell Seymour of Cardioprotein Research Laboratory, University of Michigan, United States, assessing the effects of ordinary grapes on rats with hypertension when given a salty diet.

Some rats were given powdered diet of red wine, green and purple as well as high-salt diet. Others were given grape powder and low-salt diet. "The powder contains the same nutrients in fresh grapes," Seymour said, as quoted by Reuters.

After 18 weeks, mice with a diet of wine, low blood pressure, better heart function, inflammation and signs of heart muscle damage is less than rats that were given salt without wine.

Dr. Steven Bolling of the University of Michigan, adding that the flavonoids found in wine have an effect on blood pressure. In another study, flavonoids showed benefits for the heart. The recommended servings for men 15 grains a day. dee

Depression can Affect Cancer Patient Life Expectancy

noreply@blogger.com (Main Menu) — Mon, 21 Sep 2009 10:16:00 +0000

Mood depression is often experienced by patients suffering from a chronic disease, particularly cancer. Given that the psychological condition of the problem only experienced by most cancer patients are depressed. Ever reported incidence of depression in patients with breast ca by 60%. The prevalence of depression has increased in line with the progression of the disease and symptoms.

A survey ever conducted suggests that the patient had cancer and oncologists believe depression mood can affect the progression of cancer. But there is no valid evidence to that effect. A meta-analysis study that will be submitted latest below evaluate the extent of symptoms and disorders affecting the progression of major depression and life expectancy of cancer patients. Summarized the following:
Study: (Satin. Jillian R, Linden. W, Phillips, Melanie J)
Method: The study meta-analysis
Primary Objectives: assess the impact of depression (including depressive disorders and depressive symptoms) to the progression and mortality of cancer patients.
Results:
Found 5 article (n = 2097) that assess the impact of depression on cancer recurrence (publications between 1992 - 2008)
Risk Ratio symptoms of depression to cancer progression of 1.23 (95% Confidence Interval [CI], 0.85 to 1.77, p = 0.275).

* Found 27 observational studies (n = 9417) that assess the impact of depression on mortality (publications between the years 1990 to 2009). Type of cancer: breast ca, lung ca, ca brain, melanoma, malignant hematology, and so on.
* Risk ratio of increase in depression symptoms mortality of 1.25 (95% CI, 1.12 to 1.40, p <0.01).
* Risk ratio of minor depression / major of the increased mortality of 1.39 (95% CI, 1.10 to 1.89, p = 0.03).
* The impact of depression on mortality seen in the research - research with the monitoring time for 5 years or less (p = 0.001) and in the 5 years (p = 0.024).
* After adjusting for other prognosis factors, depression was still significantly increased mortality prognosis factor.

Conclusion:
Depression is a predictor of mortality, but not progression, of cancer patients. The relationship was statistically significant but relatively small magnitude. The impact of depression on mortality still seen after adjustment, thus indicating a causal role of depression.

Cancer and Mood Depression

Mechanism psychophysiology of depression with cancer journey disregulasi axis includes the hypothalamic - pituitary - adrenal, especially the diurnal variation of cortisol and melatonin. Depression conditions also affect the immune components that can affect life expectancy. In addition, the state of depression also adversely affect patient compliance with medication.

An animal study showed the onset of symptoms / behavioral depression / anxiety in mice with mammary ca. An increase in cytokine production in the hippocampus and proinflamasi which induces symptoms of peripheral / depressive behavior. Corticosterone levels, which inhibit the cytokine signal delivery, having suppression.

State of depression, either because the tumor directly and psychological impact, it is often the case and needed separate attention, either by the family and clinicians. In addition to an adverse impact on quality of life, compliance with therapy, was from a meta-analysis of studies on depression negatively impact a patient's life expectancy (although the impact is relatively small).

Symptoms of Cervical Cancer

noreply@blogger.com (Main Menu) — Fri, 18 Sep 2009 23:47:00 +0000

Symptoms of cervical cancer. In developing countries like Indonesia, cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths. In the world, every two minutes a woman dies of cervical cancer. So, no longer look at the threat of this disease in one eye. Here are 13 things you must know about cervical cancer.

1. What is cervical cancer?
Cervical cancer or cervical cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the cervical region. That is, part of the uterus that lies at the bottom, which opens to the vagina. Starting from the cervix, if it has entered an advanced stage, this cancer can spread to other organs throughout the body.

2. How dangerous this disease?
World Health Organization (WHO) stated, the current cervical cancer ranked top among the various types of cancer that causes death in women in the world. In Indonesia, every year more than 15,000 detected cases of cervical cancer, and approximately 8000 of these cases end in death. According to WHO, Indonesia is a country with the number of cervical cancer patients the highest in the world. Why be so dangerous? The reason, cervical cancer appears as an enemy in a blanket. It was difficult to detect until the disease has reached an advanced stage.

3. What causes it?
Cervical cancer caused by HPV (Human Papilloma Virus). This virus has more than 100 types, where most of them are harmless and will disappear by itself. HPV virus types that cause cervical cancer and the most fatal consequence is the HPV virus types 16 and 18. However, other than caused by the HPV virus, abnormal cells on the cervix can also grow due to exposure to radiation or chemical pollution that occurred in the long term.

4. How transmission?
HPV transmission can occur through sexual relations, mainly to do with changing partners. This virus transmission can occur either by transmission through genital to genital, oral to genital, or manually to the genital. Therefore, the use of condoms during intercourse is not too powerful to prevent transmission of HPV virus. Because, not only transmitted through the fluid, the virus can move through the touch of skin.

5. What are the symptoms?
In the early stages, this disease does not cause symptoms are easily observed. That's why, you are sexually active are highly recommended to do a pap smear test every two years. Physical symptoms of this disease is generally only experienced by advanced stage cancer patients. Namely, the emergence of pain and bleeding during sexual intercourse (contact bleeding), excessive discharge and abnormal bleeding outside the menstrual cycle, and the drastic weight loss. If the cancer has spread to the pelvis, the patient will suffer from back pain complaints, difficulties in urination, and kidney enlargement.

healthy exercise of the diabetes

noreply@blogger.com (Main Menu) — Thu, 17 Sep 2009 15:37:00 +0000

The exercise was conducted for two weeks. They were also given a sweet solution every day. Apparently their sugar levels remain normal. According penelitia laruta glucose PAdalah usually raise blood sugar levels above normal.

Timmons recommended that every person doing intensive exercise every day. Besides sports jogging can do is cycling fast or running up the stairs two times a week.
Special Diabetics aged 20 to 40 years, recommended Gradually increasing physical activity under medical supervision. "The key we are better 7.5-minute workout routine each day rather than running for 30 minutes but only once a year," he said / Reuters / itz

For every parent health of their children is the most important concern

noreply@blogger.com (Main Menu) — Wed, 16 Sep 2009 15:21:00 +0000

For every parent health of their children is the most important concern. Children are very choosy when it comes to eating nutritious food. They get attracted more towards junk foods like burgers, chocolates, ice creams, and chips etc. that never contribute in the nutritional intake but in fact cause bad impact on their health.

Parents normally get convinced by their children and get them all the things to eat whatever they demand not concerning much about their effects. And similarly children also are not aware of what they should eat and what they should not.

In the present modern society mostly people do not have a healthy lifestyle and thus they are getting more prone to diseases.
As the childhood age is the actual age of growth and development and thus in this age essential nutrients are very important for the body.
Lack of such nutrients can abrupt the proper growth of the body and may lead to certain diseases sooner or later. That is why parents need to take special care when it comes to the health of their children.
Taking care of health does not mean that it results in overweight of their children by increasing their diets or underweight children by reduction in the required amount of diet in fear of obesity.
Children should be given required amount of essential nutrients that is healthy diet.
For that they should follow diet-health-weight chart or nutrition chart strictly. The dieting program should be monitored by a physician. The pediatrician will guide you in controlling the eating habits of the child and will prescribe the healthy diet, which is very much essential for the growth of the child. Pediatricians and nutritionists are of great help in chalking out the healthy meal plan, which is liked by both parents as well as children.

Tips that parents can follow at home:

* Avoid bringing junk foods to home.

* Instead of giving chips, give your child crackers and peanut butter.

* In place of dry fruits, offer fruit roll-ups.

* Instead of offering ice cream, give them frozen yogurt. .

* Be little bit creative with vegetables, like mash the cauliflower like potatoes, add cheese to broccoli, and provide ketchup with pinto beans.

* Have stock of cereals, which are rich in fibers instead of sweet cereals.

* Replace high fat cookies with vanilla wafers, animal crackers, graham crackers and fig cookies.

Test Indicates presence of troponin New Faster Heart Attack

noreply@blogger.com (Main Menu) — Mon, 14 Sep 2009 10:36:00 +0000

According to two studies, blood tests ultra-sensitive new can quickly detect when the heart muscle to die of a heart attack, even from the time the patient arrived at the emergency room. Two of the tests made by Roche AG, one by Siemens AG and one made by Abbott. All four new test is Architect troponin I (Abbott), High-Sensitive troponin T (Roche), troponin I (Roche) and troponin I Ultra (Siemens).

With older tests, it could be a sign bebrapa hours before cardiac troponin levels appear in the blood chemistry, delaying diagnosis and treatment. But the study found that this new test to work faster and more accurate.

Around 15 million people show up in emergency rooms in the U.S. and Europe each year with symptoms of heart attack, also known as myocardial infarction.

Quick test can save time, billions of dollars and many lives by speeding up treatment or to help physicians quickly determine whether a heart attack do not cause symptoms in patients.

Dr Tobias Reichlin from the University Hospital Basel in Switzerland, and colleagues write in one of two reports published in the New England Journal of Medicine that the cost savings associated with an increased initial diagnostic accuracy may be very large.

Electrocardiogram, which measures electrical activity of the heart, and cardiac troponin tests, which seek the release of proteins unique to the heart, is the best way to measure a heart attack. But this can take several hours for troponin to enter into the blood at levels high enough to be measured.

New studies, both conducted in Europe, designed to see whether the new generation troponin detector sensitive enough to be used more quickly.

Reichlin group studied 718 patients and found that the four ultrasensitif troponin detection devices, better than the Roche test equipment on the 123 older people who really suffer a heart attack.

Very High Accuracy

All four tests to determine the exact heart attacks in at least 94 percent of cases, compared with standard tests are accurate Roche 90 percent of the time. The researchers concluded that this test can substantially improve the early diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction, especially in patients with chest pain onset.

The second study, conducted at three medical centers of Germany, Siemens test study and found comparable results. Siemens parties not involved in this test. But the team, led by Dr. Keller Till from Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz, cautioned that other research is needed to see whether the diagnosis was quickly translated into better outcomes for heart attack patients.

Corticosteroids may Lighten Sore Throat

noreply@blogger.com (Main Menu) — Fri, 11 Sep 2009 03:33:00 +0000

The researchers say that the speed of a single dose of quick relieve symptoms but should be reserved for the worst cases. A new study shows that a single dose of corticosteroids, given together with antibiotics, can reduce the pain of severe sore throat faster and more effective than antibiotics alone. This report published in the online edition of BMJ August 7, 2009.

Researcher Dr Carl Heneghan, deputy director of the Center for Evidence-Based Medicine at the University of Oxford UK, said that the people who get a sore throat, a single dose of oral steroids effective in relieving pain in 24 and 48 hours. Dr. Heneghan menakankan that this treatment is not recommended for mild sore throat, which will disappear by itself. If you appear in the ER and you have really experienced severe tonsilitas and you experience pain at all, additional treatment is to take one dose of corticosteroids, he explained.

Corticosteroids reduce pain by reducing inflammation and is usually prescribed for conditions such as asthma and shortness of breath. According to British researchers, its use as a pain reliever for sore throat can help reduce the need for antibiotics, which are often overused and helps create resistant bacteria.

For this study, groups of eight experiments Heneghan analyze the effectiveness of corticosteroids compared with placebo in adults or children with severe sore throat. In total, the study included 743 patients, 369 of whom are children.

The researchers found that patients given an antibiotic corticosteroid appears three times as many who reported no pain 24 hours after treatment compared with patients given antibiotics and placebo.

After two days of this effect is less clear, which indicates that only one dose of corticosteroids needed, according to the researchers. In addition, corticosteroids also reduce the time required to remove the sense of saki about six hours.

Tim Heneghan noted that significant pain was observed only in adult patients and not in children who received corticosteroids. In addition, the researchers found that pain medication other no difference in the results of research. "What we do not know is: Are corticosteroid replace antibiotics?" "That's the topic of research we want to do next," Heneghan said.

Dr. Julie Wei, an assistant professor of Otolaryngology at the University of Kansas Medical Center, agrees that the steroid works well in relieving sore throat pain is severe, but he warned that antibiotics are no substitute for corticosteroids, which treat the infection, not pain. "The use of steroids should not substitute for antibiotics," said Wei.

Single-dose steroid use is a common practice, said Wei. "For example, all child patients who undergo tonsillectomy and adenoidektomi get a single dose of intravenous kortikostreroid at surgery, because steroids are anti-nausea and anti-vomiting medication most potent that we have," he said.

Single-dose steroid also helps improve the eating and drinking, and feel good, said Wei. "Also, people in the emergency room or the children admitted to the throat abscess usually get a dose of steroids if they experience severe pain or difficulty opening their mouths because of inflammation. ENT experts have suggested this unusual," he added. "The point is, corticosteroids are commonly used in anesthesia, ER, etc., but does not replace antibiotics," said Wei.

Avoid Eye Strain When Using Computers

noreply@blogger.com (Main Menu) — Thu, 10 Sep 2009 15:46:00 +0000

If you spend most of your weekday sitting in front of a video display terminal, you've probably noticed that using a computer can be a pain in the neck, the eyes and almost every other part of your body!

It's no wonder computers cause eye strain. Studies have shown that computer users tend to stare at a glowing screen without blinking for much longer periods than do people who use typewriters. This is why many people using computers experience dry eye problems. In addition, computer screens reflect a great deal of glare - from windows, overhead lights and even the user's own bright clothing. Finally, many computer users sit practically face-to-face with the monitor.
Whether you spend every day or only a few hours a week using a computer, there are steps you can (and should) take to reduce the physical strains from computer use.

Steps to follow, when using a computer:
• Have a thorough eye examination. While everyone should have their eyes checked once a year, annual eye exams are especially important for computer users.
• Follow the "20/20 rule." Keep your face at least 20 inches from the screen and pause every 20 minutes or so to look around the room, so your eyes can focus on distant objects. Regular eye exercise helps prevent eye strain.
• Place all materials you are working with at the same distance as the screen. This reduces strain of your eyes and neck.
• Make sure you have a glare screen, which should block glare without making the characters on the monitor appear fuzzy. Also if possible, move or adjust the computer screen to avoid reflections from windows or indoor lights.
• Sit on a stable, comfortable, adjustable chair. If it is possible to put the keyboard a few inches below the desktop, for example, with an adjustable table, or by using a center drawer of a desk for a pullout keyboard rest, do so. This will keep your arms at a more comfortable angle.

• Place computer monitor at a 35-degree angle below your eyes. This reduces incidence of Dry Eye.
• Use preservative-free artificial tears intermittently when on the computer if your eyes get red and irritated. Much of computer fatigue is caused by Dry Eye.
• Finally, take periodic breaks from the computer during the day, walk around and do some non-computer tasks for about 15 minutes every two or three hours.

Yoga for good health

noreply@blogger.com (Main Menu) — Wed, 09 Sep 2009 12:33:00 +0000

This section provides you with various articles related Yoga and other technics to manage your daily life.
This section provides you with informative articles on Yoga. Simple technics and tips to maintain good health. Before starting to work on Yoga, one has to understand yoga better. For attaining a healthy life, physical excercises, yoga technics need to be practiced with utmost care. These should however be practiced under the supervision of a trained person.

You can find Helpful articles on Yoga, easy to follow yoga Tips and Technics. Introduction to Yoga and its benefits to attain healthy life. Simple and easy to follow physical excercises help you in your daily routine.
Articles for stress relief and eye strain below gives you easy to follow tips and technics to overcome stress and also treat your eyes. These technics result in stress relief and treatment to your eyes.

How to cope with flu

noreply@blogger.com (Main Menu) — Mon, 07 Sep 2009 15:47:00 +0000

A new study from England showed that healthy adults tend to survive better during flu season by getting a flu shot than giving antiviral drugs to make them feel better. The study published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases, August 8, 2009 edition.

The research team led by Dr Jane Burch found that Tamiflu (oseltamivir), a flu drug made by Roche, and Relenza (zanamivir), which is made by GlaxoSmithKline, will relieve symptoms faster no more than a day than no drug at all.

Although the researchers did not compare the benefits of the vaccine with superior antiviral drugs, vaccination is known to have preventive benefits. Some are correct at the time where there is a "match" between vaccine and circulating influenza viruses. Thus, more people are eligible to be vaccinated (which is more suitable choices for healthy adults).

National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) UK asked Burch, at the University of York, and his team to review 26 scientific studies to determine the effectiveness of oseltamivir and zanamivir as a treatment for adults in the seasonal flu. NICE is responsible for assessing drugs reimbursed by the state health service. Flu-like symptoms disappear within a half up to one day earlier than those not given drugs.

With results like that, Burch and colleagues wrote that the treatment with the drug seems to be the most appropriate thing for the action. They believe that a better policy for a healthy adult is to extend the recommendation that all healthy adults can get it. In fact, these findings may be relevant to pandemic influenza A (H1N1) is currently happening.

As a result of this work, NICE now recommends using antiviral treatment for influenza in people deemed at risk. This includes people aged 65 or older, and anyone older than 6 months with a serious health condition, such as chronic disease that affects the lungs, heart, liver, or kidney disease, and diabetes or people with suppressed immune systems .

Their main concern is to reduce the risk of complications associated with influenza, such as pneumonia or eksaebarsi of other diseases, although studies have not shown such benefits.

In addition to vaccination, the team from Burch register approach may be more effective than starting treatment an antiviral drug once in a sick person. This includes the people who had the flu, the vaccine began to give the drug immediately and make drugs freely available vaccines. They also suggested that family physicians have rapid diagnostic flu test. Thus, the patient will not be treated with drugs that do not will have an effect if they do not have the flu.