Consumed Consumer . org

Ubuntu Karmic Koala 9.10 multiboot install and post-install

2009-11-04T20:10:00.000-05:00

I will be writing this guide as I perform every step. Hopefully it will be helpful to you as well.
I was happy when the new Ubuntu came out, as I looked at this release as an excellent opportunity to revitalize an older multiboot machine which had collapsed under the near-failure of an overused and overtaxed hard drive.

1. Downloading and burning the ISO

This is straightforward. I grabbed the torrent or (did a direct download with my NAS, can't remember), then I burned the ISO. I can't remember what I used either, but if I did it on Windows, I used CDburnerXP.

2. Installing on top of existing partitions - reformat to ext4 /boot and / and keep /home ext3

Installing Linux is as simple as it can be, even on a multiboot machine like mine, with multiple partitions.
In fact, the new install, on top of a reinstall of Windows XP which screwed up everything has actually restored the proper multiboot menu. My Linux partitions consisted of an EXT2 boot partition of about 50 MB, which I reformatted into EXT 4 (not sure if it was a good idea, but I can reformat it back to EXT2 if it craps out on me again), I kept the /home partition as EXT2 or 3 (most likely 3, can't remember) and reformatted / to EXT4. Most "gurus" recommend keeping linux partitions on multiboot machines EXT2, but I disagree - except for home, I can't see myself messing with the other partitions at all. As expected, Linux recognized all the OSs, though the labelling wasn't terribly accurate - e.g., "Win XP" got named "Vista loader", though Windows 7 was correctly recognized and labelled (I guess it knows its main competitor). The first boot partition is the Windows XP which came with the machine, the second is a BSD flavour, the 3rd is Windows 7. The fourth partition is extended, containing everything Linux in logical partitions: /boot, /home, / and a swap at the very end.

3. Installing nVidia video drivers.

As usual, Ubuntu prompted me if I want version 176 or 96 of the proprietary drivers. If you're curious,
lspci | grep -i vidia -> NV34 [GeForce FX 5200].
I chose the recommended 176 and it didn't work the first time I tried, but it did the second or third time. The secret is not to panic. Computers are wondrous creatures, they need a bit of TLC before they yield to your will. Just don't give up.
The only time you're fsckd is when you have a video card other than nVidia. ATI is known for being a dick. That is, even their Windows drivers are screwed so your chances of getting it to work under Linux is much smaller than with nVidia. nV has its own problems, but they provide far better support than ATI.

When all else fails, trust your system to Envy-ng. This program helped me out of video driver hell and on computers with ATI I no longer try to figure out the drivers on my own, it's just impossible.

4. /home sweet /home

Since I kept my old /home and used the same user name, I was happy to see my old desktop restored as it was. I prefer simplicity on my computers, so I usually sacrifice eye-candy for stability. I prefer simple Gnome over the more polished and feature-rich KDE. As a result, I try to stay away from applications that start with K, sticking to the letter G.
AllTray, whose icon I kept in the tray, was not installed by default, so I got an error message. Same with Opera. I had to redo the networking shortcuts and reinstall the networked printer.
But other than that, as I reinstalled and started my applications, I was happy to see that all my settings had been preserved.

5. Installing software: Repos

One way to minimize re-installation headaches is to back-up the installed *.deb files, which can be found at /var/cache/apt/archives. Not having done that before, I have to start over again. To install software, first I need to enable a few additional repositories (online catalogs of free software). This is accomplished by going to System -> Administration -> Software Sources.

In the first tab, Ubuntu Software, I chose a server located in my country. Though I also have the option to let Ubuntu choose the fastest server for me through a series of tests (Other.. -> Select Best), I prefer not to do that, as it usually results in a server in Russia, which I simply don't trust.

To enable additional repositories, I can either add them in the Other Software tab by clicking the add button, or I can use the new add-apt-repository command, which also takes care of the authentication. Here are the repos I added:

Opera

deb http://deb.opera.com/opera/ stable non-free

wget -O - http://deb.opera.com/archive.key | sudo apt-key add -
Wine

deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-wine/ppa/ubuntu karmic main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/ubuntu-wine/ppa/ubuntu karmic main

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys F9CB8DB0

sudo sh -c 'echo deb "http://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org sid main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list'
gpg --keyserver keys.gnupg.net --recv 886DDD89
gpg --export A3C4F0F979CAA22CDBA8F512EE8CBC9E886DDD89 | sudo apt-key add -
apt-get update && sudo apt-get install tor tor-geoipdb privoxy

deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/chromium-daily/ppa/ubuntu karmic main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/chromium-daily/ppa/ubuntu karmic main

sudo apt-key adv --recv-keys --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com 0xfbef0d696de1c72ba5a835fe5a9bf3bb4e5e17b5

x. NAS access

I have a NAS (networked-attached storage) unit which I use for all my storage needs. To access it under Windows, I first had to make sure that samba-fs was installed:
sudo apt-get install smbfs
Alternatively, you can use Synaptic from System -> Administration.
I did not back-up the programs to be installed, so I had to reinstall them. For some reason, there aren't many tutorials on accessing networked resources from Linux, but only on making resources available on your own linux machine. To share your files, you have to install samba and configure it as a server; to access shared resources, you have to install I don't have resources to share on my machine - my printer is attached to a dedicated printer server and my storage is also stand-alone.

First, edit your /etc/hosts file and give the Windows machine a name:

192.168.1.2 pootie

Next, install the samba and smbfs packages using your method of choice.

Create a directory where the share will appear on your local filesystem.

$ sudo mkdir /mnt/music

Edit /etc/fstab and add a line for the mount. Here "pootie" is the name of the machine and "music" is the name of the share.

//pootie/music /mnt/music cifs exec,credentials=/etc/cifspw 0 0

Create a password file /etc/cifspw with the login credentials for your Windows account.

username=Jason
password=ImNotGonnaTellYouThat

And secure the file:

$ sudo chmod 600 /etc/cifspw

Giddyup.

$ sudo mount -a

select:
wine
playonlinux
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Wine

http://ubuntuforums.org/archive/index.php/t-1026512.html
http://ubuntuforums.org/archive/index.php/t-968405.html
http://ubuntuforums.org/archive/index.php/t-1045877.html

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:chromium-daily

http://www.ubuntugeek.com/what-applications-or-tweaks-you-prefer-after-installing-ubuntu-9-10-karmic.html

https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+ppas

sudo sh -c 'echo deb "http://deb.torproject.org/torproject.org sid main" >> /etc/apt/sources.list'
gpg --keyserver keys.gnupg.net --recv 886DDD89
gpg --export A3C4F0F979CAA22CDBA8F512EE8CBC9E886DDD89 | sudo apt-key add -
apt-get update && sudo apt-get install tor tor-geoipdb privoxy

sudo gedit /etc/privoxy/config/

add at the end: forward-socks4a / localhost:9050 .

sudo /etc/init.d/tor start
sudo /etc/init.d/privoxy start

also alternative not rec: sudo add-apt-repository ppa:sevenmachines/tor

sudo apt-get install startupmanager

Synaptic Package Manager -> File -> Save Markings
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1057608
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list ~/sources.list.backup

According to section 6.4.9 of the Debian Reference Manual, the following will save both the list of packages installed and their debconf configuration:

Code:
# dpkg --get-selections "*" >myselections # or use \*
# debconf-get-selections > debconfsel.txt
and the following will reinstall and reconfigure them:

Code:
# dselect update
# debconf-set-selections < debconfsel.txt
# dpkg --set-selections <myselections
# apt-get -u dselect-upgrade # or dselect install

to avoid downloading all updates after a reinstall:
ubuntu stores downloaded packages in /var/cache/apt/archives
save these files and after a new installation copy them to the same location.
after that do a apt-get update and apt-get upgrade

sudo aptitude install firestarter krusader amsn ktorrent amarok devede k3b vlc ksnapshot netspeed audacity timer-applet convertall gtkhash bleachbit

install NTP support (System -> Administration -> Time and Date)
sudo apt-get install ntp
link install: apt:ntp

sudo apt-get install libdvdread4 followed by sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread4/install-css.sh

ubuntu-restricted-extras create-resources chromium-browser parcellite pitivi istanbul jokosher audacity bleachbit timer-applet wine wbar wbarconf gnunet-gtk skype ekiga gizmo5 vlc ntp gwibber tor tor-geoipdb unetbootin backintime-gnome gparted stellarium picasa kino avidemux dia wink? k9copy ffmpeg winff xterm devede dvdauthor qdvdauthor ripperx gnucash kompozer p7zip-full etherape grsync partimage putty chkrootkit rkhunter nmap nmapfe

codeweavers
playonlinux

OSS flash:
sudo apt-get purge flashplugin-installer nspluginwrapper
APT Line: ppa:gnash/ppa

sudo apt-get install mozilla-plugin-gnash

gaming
playdeb.net
http://whdb.com/2008/top-25-linux-games-for-2008/
http://rangit.com/software/top-8-linux-games-of-2007/
http://ubuntu-gamers-arena.org/

PouetChess, pokerTH, KsirK, TORCS, Pingus, Frozen Bubble, Vdrift, Alien Arena, Tremulous, Sauerbraten, Nexuiz, UrbanTerror, PrBoom

eyecandy

picasa
http://picasa.google.com/linux/download.html#picasa27
http://picasa.google.com/linux/faq.html

Google Earth gives you an annotated eagle's eye view of our planet. This is a free proprietary package (you must accept the license to use this package).
sudo apt-get install googleearth-package
make-googleearth-package --force
Doubleclick on the resulting .deb file.
-- or --

To install the latest Linux binary, download and save the GoogleEarthLinux.bin package from Google Earth downloads. Then install:
chmod +x GoogleEarthLinux.bin
./GoogleEarthLinux.bin

Run:
Applications -> Internet -> Google Earth 3D planet viewer

You should turn off the Google Earth -> View -> Atmosphere setting, or you might see clouds everywhere and the ground won't show up.

mediacenter
moovida (elisa)
boxee
miro

security
sd4l.sourcforge.net as opposed to truecrypt
clamtk
http://www.ubuntu-unleashed.com/2008/06/top-security-tools-in-ubuntu.html
bacula

downloading
lottanzb
linuxdcpp

cinelerra
http://cinelerra.org/getting_cinelerra.php#ubuntu

ffmpeg
ffmpeg -i nameofvideoclip.flv -ab 160k -ac 2 -ar 44100 -vn nameoffile.mp3
ffmpeg -i samplevideo.flv outputvideo.mp4

webcam
(big PITA) http://www.ubuntu-unleashed.com/2008/06/top-security-tools-in-ubuntu.html
https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Webcam
http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=983574
EasyCam2: https://help.ubuntu.com/community/EasyCam
Lucview
camorama

CBC radio - http://www.cbc.ca/listen/index.html
http://www.cbc.ca/livemedia/cbcr1-toronto.m3u
http://www.cbc.ca/livemedia/cbcr2-toronto.m3u

http://www.cbc.ca/radio2/includes-content/player_components/(none)
mms://a860.l961636859.c9616.g.lm.akamaistream.net/D/860/9616/v0001/reflector:36859
http://radio3.cbc.ca/nmcradio/webradio.m3u

Sources / More info: http://www.webupd8.org/2009/09/how-to-install-tor-in-ubuntu-debian.html
https://wiki.torproject.org/noreply/TheOnionRouter/TorFAQ#SocksListenAddress
https://launchpad.net/~sevenmachines/+archive/tor
http://industriousone.com/mounting-windows-shares-linux

[tags][/tags]

Links for 2009-11-02 [del.icio.us]

2009-11-03T00:00:00-08:00

Kissing was developed 'to spread germs' - Telegraph
vIV21qj0
Best Cordless Screwdriver - Stick Driver Comparison Test - Popular Mechanics
dewalt comes out second to ridgid, followed by makita

Links for 2009-10-30 [del.icio.us]

2009-10-31T00:00:00-07:00

Consumed Consumer . org
I recently had an ISP service interruption at home, leaving me without a working Internet connection for a few hours. I used my iPhone to tether into my 3G connection, did a few speed tests, and wondered how it compared to my regular (cable modem) internet connection. Here are the test results.

Quick look at tethering speeds on Fido Rogers using iPhone

2009-10-30T12:46:00.001-04:00

I recently had an ISP service interruption at home, leaving me without a working Internet connection for a few hours. I used my iPhone to tether into my 3G connection, did a few speed tests, and wondered how it compared to my regular (cable modem) internet connection. Here are the test results.

I tested my connection speed using only two websites (linked in Sources). I have also run a few iPhone apps that are freely downloadable: Speedtest by Xtreme Labs, SpeedTest.net, CISCO GIST Speed Test and CheckTubes. Of all, Ookla’s Speedtest.net had the best interface and most consistent results across various platforms. I also used dslreports as it is very simple and not flash-based.

Ookla also offers a new PingTest, and here’s the result, obtained today:

Some very small adjustments caused very large discrepancies in results, so please do not take this first batch of tests as gospel!

Cable

	IE 8.0.6001.18702	Firefox 3.5.30729	Opera 10.00.1750	Chromium 4.0.222.5 (28709)	QTWeb 2.5.081	Safari 4.0.3 (531.9.1)	iPhone w
SpeedTest d/l Mb/s, u/l Mb/s, ping ms	2.51, 0.30, 148 link	6.62, 0.30, 142 link	3.12, 0.28,162 link	4.14, 0.51, 38 link	4.57, 0.27, 150 link	2.19, 0.39, 39 link	441,487, 2086
dslreports http://www.dslreports.com/mspeed?t=1&s=1024	1016 kbit/sec 0.167s latency 8.226s	1254 kbit/sec 0.201s latency 6.672s	1534 kbit/sec 0.173s latency 5.513s	1444 kbit/sec 0.128s latency 5.798s	1826 kbit/sec 0.208s latency 4.662s d/l	1529 kbit/sec 0.052s latency 5.407s d/l	537 kbit/sec 0.095s latency 15.35s d/l
SpeedTest 3G teethering	2.38, 0.27, 244 link	2.26, 0.30, 226 link	2.39, 0.30, 279 link	stalled	p.b: 1.6, 0.30, 188 link	2.38, 0.28, 117 link	5.43, 0.252, 223
dslreports 3G teethering	978 kbit/sec 0.331s latency 8.7s	902 kbit/sec 0.362s latency 9.395s	880 kbit/sec 0.378s latency 9.648s	1208 kbit/sec 0.342s latency 7.101s	1077 kbit/sec 0.613s latency 8.109s pb: 1114 kbit/sec 0.344s latency 7.694s	888 kbit/sec 0.187s latency 9.363s	1553 kbit/sec 0.354s latency 5.626 s

iPhone teethering required teethering to be enabled on the iPhone first. I only tested via the USB, though I will soon be testing via BlueTooth as well. I expect BT to yield slower results.

	iPhone E	iPhone 3G
SpeedTest d/l kbps, u/l kbps, ping ms	75, 0, 715	5430, 252, 223
dslreports	108 kbit/sec 0.384s latency 75.615 s	1553 kbit/sec 0.354s latency 5.626 s
CISCO GIST		432 kbps
Xtreme Labs	195 kbps 26kbps 5219 ms	3270 kbps 273 kbps 236 ms

This is only my first attempt, so the methodology will eventually improve and hopefully the results will have a smaller delta, which right now seems to be very high due to poor “ritualization” .

The results seem to indicate a download speed around 4 Mbps using speedtest.net and around 1500 kbps using dslreports. The download speed on 3G was around 2.38 Mbps on the tethered computer and a whopping 5.43 Mbps on the iPhone. dslReports indicated a download speed around 900 kbps over 3G. The upload speed was consistent across all platforms / tests / browsers at around 300 kbps.

Subsequent testing will be published in the spreadsheet that can be found below, in Sources. To use teethering on Fido, you have to subscribe to a plan higher than 500 MB / month. I do subscribe to such a plan and find that my usage is far below 500 MB, so I will most likely downgrade soon. This could make it impossible to tether, though there are instructions on the ‘net suggesting that it is still possible

You have to go to the link below, in custom-profile, and then choose your provider. I have not tried either one, so I do not know if they work – use at your own risk. You then should ensure that the profile is installed by going from your home-screen to Settings > General. Scroll to the bottom and tap “Profile”. You should see the “rogers_com.mobile” profile. In case you were wondering, here’s what they contain.

Fido profile:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
    <dict>
        <key>PayloadUUID</key>
        <string>B9C43C00-CDBA-4BCC-9427-7697D11B63CE</string>

<key>PayloadDisplayName</key>
<string>fido_com.mobileconfig</string>

<key>PayloadDescription</key>
<string>Enable Tethering</string>

<key>PayloadOrganization</key>
<string></string>

<key>PayloadVersion</key>
<integer>1</integer>

<key>PayloadType</key>
<string>Configuration</string>

        <key>PayloadContent</key>
        <array>
            <dict>
                <key>PayloadUUID</key>
                <string>71234C7A-412B-416E-8270-D5F1F5A77D3A</string>

<key>PayloadDisplayName</key>
<string>Advanced Settings</string>

<key>PayloadDescription</key>
<string>Provides customization of carrier Access Point Name.</string>

<key>PayloadOrganization</key>
<string></string>

<key>PayloadVersion</key>
<integer>1</integer>

<key>PayloadIdentifier</key>
<string>.apn</string>

                <key>PayloadContent</key>
                <array>
                    <dict>
                        <key>DefaultsDomainName</key>
                        <string>com.apple.managedCarrier</string>

                        <key>DefaultsData</key>
                        <dict>
                            <key>apns</key>
                            <array>
                                <dict>
                                    <key>apn</key>
                                    <string>internet.fido.ca</string>

<key>username</key>
<string>fido</string>

                                    <key>password</key>
                                    <data>Zmlkbw==</data>
                                    <key>type-mask</key>
                                    <integer>-4</integer>

</dict>
</array>

</dict>

</dict>
</array>

<key>PayloadType</key>
<string>com.apple.apn.managed</string>

</dict>
</array>

</dict>
</plist>

Rogers profile:

<key>PayloadDisplayName</key>
<string>rogers_com.mobileconfig</string>

<key>PayloadDescription</key>
<string>Profile description.</string>

<key>PayloadOrganization</key>
<string></string>

<key>PayloadVersion</key>
<integer>1</integer>

<key>PayloadType</key>
<string>Configuration</string>

        <key>PayloadContent</key>
        <array>
            <dict>
                <key>PayloadUUID</key>
                <string>F951E0F9-E323-4A34-A303-AF6B1649D2ED</string>

<key>PayloadDisplayName</key>
<string>Advanced Settings</string>

<key>PayloadDescription</key>
<string>Provides customization of carrier Access Point Name.</string>

<key>PayloadOrganization</key>
<string></string>

<key>PayloadVersion</key>
<integer>1</integer>

<key>PayloadIdentifier</key>
<string>.apn</string>

                <key>PayloadContent</key>
                <array>
                    <dict>
                        <key>DefaultsDomainName</key>
                        <string>com.apple.managedCarrier</string>

                        <key>DefaultsData</key>
                        <dict>
                            <key>apns</key>
                            <array>
                                <dict>
                                    <key>apn</key>
                                    <string>internet.com</string>

<key>username</key>
<string>wapuser1</string>

                                    <key>password</key>
                                    <data>d2Fw</data>
                                     <key>type-mask</key>
                                    <integer>-4</integer>

</dict>
</array>

</dict>

</dict>
</array>

<key>PayloadType</key>
<string>com.apple.apn.managed</string>

</dict>
</array>

</dict>
</plist>

Sources / More info: speedtest.net, dslreports, custom-profile, instr-0, instr-1

Consumed Consumer, speedtest, download, d/l, u/l, upload, download speed

Links for 2009-10-22 [del.icio.us]

2009-10-23T00:00:00-07:00

Unemployment claims falling faster than in half of past recessions - Credit Writedowns
The current fall in unemployment claims is very much in line with what we have seen in recessions over the previous 40 years
Markets and values: Competition builds trust | vox - Research-based policy analysis and commentary from leading economists
Culture and economy symbiosis / interrelations: evidence that more competitive markets raise employees’ trust levels. That suggests that competitive markets build the values that support them.
SAT Scores and Family Income - Economix Blog - NYTimes.com
the rich get better SAT scores
The trouble with private schools | Free exchange | Economist.com
rather than enjoy the tax benefits of charities, private schools should pay a higher than normal rate, so as to encourage good students to enroll in public schools, thereby pushing those schools toward the good school equilibrium.
Non-traditional names linked to teacher discrimination - The Local
name discrimination in germany

Links for 2009-10-18 [del.icio.us]

2009-10-19T00:00:00-07:00

2D Boy: Games
Awesome game - sale ends October 19
The 50 Most Stylish Men of the Past 50 Years: Style: GQ
Men style-models

Links for 2009-10-17 [del.icio.us]

2009-10-18T00:00:00-07:00

Consumed Consumer . org: World of Goo PWYC
World of Goo, a PC / Linux / Mac game from an independent developer, can be purchased for whatever you think it's worth as part of their 1 Year Anniversary!

World of Goo PWYC

2009-10-17T01:00:00.000-04:00

World of Goo, a PC / Linux / Mac game from an independent developer, can be purchased for whatever you think it's worth as part of their 1 Year Anniversary!

According to their website,

World of Goo is a physics based puzzle / construction game. The millions of Goo Balls who live in the beautiful World of Goo don't know that they are in a game, or that they are extremely delicious.

A few reviews:

"This isn’t just the small matter of being one of the best games of the year, it’s also the emergence of a stellar new talent in gaming... a game that constantly reinvents itself, reimagining the possibilities, evolving and throwing out surprise after surprise."
full review at Rock Paper Shotgun

"easily the best WiiWare game to date and, perhaps, one of the best this generation"
full review at NintendoWorldReport

"A game so utterly charming, so pregnant with charisma, and so simple in concept, that it belongs in another era."
full review at Eurogamer

"brilliant, stunning, and ridiculously fun ... World of Goo is so good that it oftentimes feels like a title developed internally at Nintendo"
full review at IGN

"The comedy is implemented in bucket-loads, parodying the power of cynical marketing and the corrupt exploits of major corporations... and at this point I struggle to find a way to put into words how a puzzle game can explore so many themes. It's just incredible."
full review at The Dead Pixel Post

    "I honestly don’t know where to begin on this one. This game is so startlingly brilliant on so many levels that it’s difficult to say ‘oh yeah that’s the stand out thing’ and then begin with that."
full review at Poisoned Sponge

    "I myself gasped at a few points at the sheer brilliance of what I saw in front of my eyes. Words cannot describe how good this game is."
full review by Chris Evans

    "Not only is World of Goo easily the best WiiWare release to date, it's also proof that you don't need a large development team or millions of dollars to create an outstanding video game. In an era of video gaming where style is often emphasized over substance, it's refreshing to see a title like World of Goo that somehow manages to feature an abundance of both."
full review at WiiWare World

    "Before long, you're actually building your way out of a creature's stomach. First you've got to make a raft on the sea of his digestive juices, obviously ... ingenious and heart-warming."
full preview with PC Gamer

Buy it NOW either for you or as a gift for that antisocial special someone in your life! This won’t last long…

Sources / More info: 2d-boy-world-of-goo, metacritic-world-of-goo, yt-wog-walkthrough, yt-trailers

Consumed Consumer, promotion, sale, PWYC, game, gaming, gift, pay-what-you-canada

Links for 2009-10-02 [del.icio.us]

2009-10-03T00:00:00-07:00

Best of Toronto Nuit Blanche 2009 - Overheard in Hogtown
Nuit Blanche is a fantastic event for the art lover, but much like TIFF, it requires preparation. And that can be a daunting task. We’ll make it simple for you, courtesy of Martini Boys.

Links for 2009-09-28 [del.icio.us]

2009-09-29T00:00:00-07:00

Consumed Consumer . org: Disabling Zip or Compressed Folders and Thumbnails in Windows XP, Vista or 7
One of the most annoying "features" in Windows is the "Compressed Folders" feature, where Zip files are displayed as folders. While this may be nice for some, most users accumulate a large number of zip files in a folder, making it unviewable in Windows Explorer. We look at how to get rid of it.