<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7735125</id><updated>2024-11-01T10:41:58.777+00:00</updated><category term="Entrevistas"/><category term="SNS"/><category term="XIX GOV"/><category term="CSP"/><category term="HH"/><category term="Privados"/><category term="USA election"/><category term="Urgências"/><category term="ACF"/><category term="Sistemas de Informação"/><category term="OM"/><category term="Parcerias da Saúde"/><category term="Politica Nacional"/><category term="Crise do liberalismo"/><category term="Medicamento"/><category term="Mobilidade especial"/><category term="Paulo Macedo"/><category term="Troika"/><category term="BE"/><category term="EU em crise"/><category term="OE"/><category term="Avaliação dos HH"/><category term="França"/><category term="Imprensa"/><category term="NHS reform"/><category term="PPC"/><category term="Saudesa"/><category term="TM"/><category term="UE"/><category term="USA health reform"/><category term="cronicas"/><category term="cuidados continuados"/><category term="financiamento"/><category term="grupo parlamentar"/><category term="lancet"/><category term="legislativas 09"/><category term="taxas moderadoras"/><category term="Óscar Gaspar"/><title type='text'>Apontamentos SA</title><subtitle type='html'></subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://apontamentos.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default?redirect=false'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://apontamentos.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default?start-index=26&amp;max-results=25&amp;redirect=false'/><author><name>victor</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14764343066231484956</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>660</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7735125.post-2635252749071327572</id><published>2016-12-24T17:25:00.000+00:00</published><updated>2016-12-24T17:26:32.851+00:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Entrevistas"/><title type='text'>ACF, entrevista expresso 24.12.16</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Diz ser dos poucos médicos que lê assiduamente
os jornais económicos e por isso gosta de números. As contas que faz
permitem-lhe garantir como ministro da Saúde que o remédio para os males da Saúde
portuguesa não é&amp;nbsp;injectar&amp;nbsp;mais dinheiro, mas sim optar pela organização&amp;nbsp;cirúrgica do sistema, aquela que o seu antecessor, que admira, não fez. Quase
no fim do ano, revela que as contas vão bater certo com o que estava previsto e
que a partir de 2017 os portugueses vão ter mais e melhor cuidados: desde novas
instalações, exames atempados até médicos onde fazem falta.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O Tribunal de Contas concluiu que o Hospital
de Braga, gerido por privados, travou assistência a doentes por restrições
orçamentais, fazendo aumentar a lista de espera. É admissível?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Quando se fazem parcerias
público-privadas (PPP) parte-se do princípio que há uma partilha de risco. Se o
operador entende que sempre que há alterações das condições de procura esse
risco tem de ser reapreciado, então o Estado não beneficia nada com a partilha
de risco. É importante que os hospitais em regime de PPP tenham a noção de que
os termos dos contratos têm de ser assegurados, nomeadamente em tempos de
espera e em gestão de listas de acesso.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O relatório dá argumentos para renovar o
acordo?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Temos de ser muito rigorosos e sensatos.
Não estamos neste momento a analisar a PPP de Braga, só o contrato que se está
aproximar do fim e que é a PPP em Cascais. A realidade de Braga daqui por um
ano, quando a avaliação externa for feita, poderá ser diferente e até melhor do
que aquela que é hoje.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Já disse informalmente à Lusíadas Saúde que
iria abrir novo concurso para Cascais?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Transmiti informalmente ao presidente do
grupo que não estava no horizonte do Governo fazer negociação direta. Será
agora feita a notificação formal. Ao Governo caberá até ao final do ano tomar
uma decisão sobre se segue a recomendação do Ministério das Finanças de
concurso público ou se opta pela reintegração no Serviço Nacional de Saúde
(SNS).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Entre abrir concurso ou passar para gestão
para o SNS há uma grande distância. O que vai pesar mais na hora de decidir, a
pressão dos parceiros (BE), do PR ou a questão ideológica?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Está escrito no programa do Governo que
decidiríamos de acordo com a melhor evidência técnica, económica e clínica e é
isso que vamos fazer. Naturalmente, que teremos em conta aquilo que são as
opiniões políticas dos partidos que apoiam atualmente o Governo e a opinião que
tem o PR.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O próprio primeiro-ministro disse ao
Presidente que não tencionava acabar com as PPP na Saúde.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Vi isso no jornal, mas não estou
presente nas conversas do senhor primeiro-ministro com o senhor PR e nem me
atreveria a qualquer comentário.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O BE insiste muito no excesso de rendas na
Saúde e tem vindo a exigir poupanças. Partilha a ideia de que há
contratualização excessiva?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;É nossa linha de orientação política
reforçar o SNS na sua substância e em 2017 vamos criar os primeiros centros de
responsabilidade integrada, alterando profundamente os modelos de gestão intermédia
dos hospitais. No início de 2017 iremos lançar o primeiro Centro Integrado de
Diagnóstico e Terapêutica — um serviço com multivalências que responderá pela
plenitude de meios de diagnóstico e terapêutica e que visa o caminho
progressivo de menor dependência do SNS do exterior e de uma internalização
virtuosa. Vamos criar o primeiro centro no Hospital Pulido Valente, para
responder internamente à procura dos hospitais de Lisboa, e outros, e dos
centros de saúde, para que não estejam dependentes do serviço externo. Há
também o aumento da resolutividade dos centros de saúde, com a introdução de
saúde visual, oral...&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Como é que se faz quando os hospitais dizem
não ter equipamentos e médicos?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Desde que o Governo tomou posse, foram
feitas mais de 800 linhas de investimento. A ideia de que há falta de recursos
e de investimento tem razão de ser em muitos aspetos, mas tem de ser contrabalançada
com a realidade de que fecharemos o ano com mais de 3200 novos profissionais no
SNS. Em relação aos equipamentos, temos feito um esforço grande e temos em
pré-lançamento o maior investimento em hospitais novos e em reabilitação e
construção de centros de saúde.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Falhou o objetivo de reduzir a procura às
Urgências.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Não reduzimos como queríamos e temos de
investir mais na requalificação dos centros de saúde. Mas é paradoxal: fechamos
o ano com o maior número de médicos de família colocados de que há memória e
com a redução dos utentes sem médico.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O despacho publicado sobre o recurso
prioritário ao Instituto Português do Sangue e da Transplantação é uma questão
de princípio? Sabe-se que não tem capacidade para responder a todas as
necessidades.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O despacho é claramente uma questão de
princípio, de defesa do Estado de direito. É um gesto de grande determinação de
investir no instituto, inclusivamente na sua modernização, para que no ano que
vem possa assegurar o seu papel de regulador ativo, participante e atenuar as
dependências excessivas do Estado de agentes privados e também ajudar a regular
o mercado, à semelhança do que acontece em muitos outros países da Europa. No
despacho está dito que isto é também uma matéria de segurança nacional e de soberania
e além dos princípios há uma fortíssima determinação de pôr cobro a esta
fragilidade da relação dos privados com o Estado.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O PS apresentou uma proposta no âmbito do OE
para impor um desconto aos fornecedores do SNS que depois não avançou. Acompanhou-a?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Estava a ser difícil estabelecer acordos
com os fornecedores do SNS e apercebemo-nos que havia abertura para uma
negociação bilateral. Estamos muito satisfeitos porque ainda este mês teremos assinado
vários acordos, por exemplo com a União das Misericórdias e com a Associação de
Análises Clínicas. A proposta terá contribuído para que todos tenhamos percebido
que o diálogo é talvez a arma mais inteligente em qualquer negociação. Surgiu
um caminho melhor e só não recua quem não é inteligente.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O reequipamento pesado do SNS vai começar
por onde?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Pedimos às Administrações Regionais de
Saúde que fizessem até ao final do ano o levantamento das prioridades. Uma
parte dos investimentos será feita pela dotação dos hospitais, em muitos casos
com fundos comunitários e parcerias com as autarquias, no caso dos centros de
saúde. Será nas mais variadas áreas, mas sobretudo em tecnologia: equipamentos
de bloco operatório, TAC, ressonância, ecografia. E tudo com a novidade de os
contratos-programa para 2017 serem assinados em 2016 [sorriso]. Estamos
contentes porque é um processo de normalidade processual e de funcionamento das
instituições.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Deixe-nos contestá-lo sobre o regresso à
normalidade, a dívida aumentou.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Tem de analisar-se a dívida que é gerada
no próprio ano e os encargos que resultam do carry over. O Governo anterior
tinha a expectativa de encerrar o ano com menos €30 milhões e encerrou com menos
€372 milhões, e agora estamos, com o Ministério das Finanças, a fazer um
exercício para que a execução orçamental se aproxime das metas anunciadas às
instâncias internacionais.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Mas qual foi a dívida gerada pela sua
governação?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Estamos quase a chegar ao fim do ano e
recomendo alguma resistência na ansiedade. Posso, no entanto, adiantar que vai
estar dentro do que estava previsto.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Um efeito do despacho que publicou para
travar a despesa?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O despacho foi uma ‘tempestade num copo
de água’, semelhante a outros de outros anos para recomendar que não deve haver
assunção de encargos desnecessários. Estamos a chegar ao final do ano e o
despacho que em setembro foi anunciado como a hecatombe hoje já não é notícia.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Elogiou o anterior ministro mas disse que
foi uma oportunidade perdida.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Estão a confundir a apreciação de
políticas com a apreciação de pessoas. Conheço o dr. Paulo Macedo há muitos
anos e estará na Caixa Geral de Depósitos (CGD) provavelmente muito melhor do que
esteve na Saúde, porque é onde as suas competências se realizam melhor. É um
homem muito sério e responsável e o país ganha muito em tê-lo neste momento difícil
da CGD como presidente. Enquanto português, desejo-lhe o maior dos sucessos e a
maior das felicidades e, numa linguagem mais coloquial, creio que a CGD é mais
a praia dele.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Porquê?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Ele fez tudo o que pôde, fez algumas
escolhas com que não estive de acordo e não estou do ponto de vista das
políticas, mas imaginem o que seria eu como presidente da Galp ou das
Finanças... Um desastre. Sobre as políticas, as críticas que fiz, faço e mantenho.
Sobre a pessoa, é de grande qualidade, fará um excelente trabalho e servirá
muito bem o país como tem feito em outras ocasiões, nomeadamente na
Direção-Geral dos Impostos, onde sentimos todos os dias na nossa carteira a eficácia
do seu trabalho [risos].&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Quantos
precários existem na Saúde?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Talvez 10% do efetivo, cerca de 13 mil
pessoas, incluindo profissionais de saúde.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Qual é a previsão de entrada?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Face à dimensão de empregos que geramos,
cerca de 130 mil profissionais, não somos o pior sector. Sempre que os
hospitais têm necessidades permanentes e justificadas no seu quadro, a orientação
que está a ser dada é que façam os contratos a termo, porque os médicos e os enfermeiros
fazem falta ao sistema.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;A bastonária dos enfermeiros afirmou
conhecer uma unidade onde a falta de enfermeiros obrigou doentes a ficarem sem
comida e medicamentos durante dois dias.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Percebo que a senhora bastonária tenha a
legítima preocupação de fazer empregar mais enfermeiros, que fazem muita falta
ao SNS. Quanto ao caso concreto, tem de o transmitir de imediato às entidades,
porque não sabemos onde foi.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Os bastonários da Saúde pediram na semana
passada ao Presidente da República (PR) uma lei de investimentos plurianual. É
uma boa ideia?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Em abstrato, era uma boa ideia, mas era
importante que tivéssemos um discurso sensato. No conjunto da legislatura,
vamos assistir ao maior investimento na Saúde desde sempre: maior vaga de remodelação
e construção de centros de saúde, lançamento e construção de várias unidades hospitalares;
o maior investimento no lançamento e abertura de camas de cuidados continuados integrados,
além de investirmos fortemente nos recursos humanos. Portanto, não podemos
alimentar mitos e é um mito que os problemas da Saúde se resolvem com mais
dinheiro. 2016 era importante para a consolidação orçamental. À medida que os
anos se forem sucedendo essas questões vão perdendo sentido.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Iria acabar, por exemplo, com casos de
centros de saúde onde chove e outras condições inaceitáveis.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;No domínio da apreciação dos factos e da
boa fé, podemos dizer que aquele caso em 330 centros de saúde é irrelevante. Em
todas as instalações, sobretudo se são precárias, é natural que possa entrar água
quando chove muito. Mas uma coisa é verdade, não fomos nós que construímos
aquela instalação precária, que estamos a reparar, e vamos construir um novo
centro de saúde.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“&lt;b&gt;É
atrativo desafiar os detratores da ‘geringonça’”&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Tem na frase “na política é preciso ter
nervos de aço” um dos seus lemas para governar a Saúde e confessa que a
coincidência de pensamento com os partidos, sobretudo à esquerda, sobre a
defesa do Serviço Nacional de Saúde, tem-lhe facilitado a tarefa. Adalberto
Campos Fernandes garante que “se alguma vez existir uma rutura na sociedade
portuguesa, não será na Saúde”. Ainda assim, não resiste a deixar um recado aos
opositores: que contrariar o prognóstico de morte da ‘geringonça’ é um estímulo
diário. Para o médico e gestor, mais do que anunciar a vinda do Diabo, a
direita deve &amp;nbsp;dizer o que faria para
evitar que o demónio venha.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Que matérias têm sido mais difíceis de
dialogar à esquerda?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Tem sido relativamente fácil porque há
uma identidade grande. O PS é o partido fundador do SNS e é um ativo ao qual
está relacionado e que em nenhuma circunstância se quer demarcar. Portanto, o BE,
PCP e os Verdes têm em relação ao SNS posições que são, na sua esmagadora
maioria, coincidentes com as do PS. As parcerias público-privadas são um ponto
de eventual divergência, nas taxas moderadoras o PCP tem uma ideia mais
ambiciosa...&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Se o Governo fosse só PS as medidas seriam
diferentes?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Fui um dos redatores principais do
programa eleitoral do PS e depois do Programa do Governo, com outras pessoas,
nomeadamente com o professor Correia de Campos; e quando estávamos a fazê-lo não
tínhamos ideia de qual seria o resultado das eleições. A resposta está dada, se
tivéssemos de reescrever o programa da Saúde (sem PCP, BE e Verdes), iríamos
escrever exatamente o mesmo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;E no próximo vai voltar a baixar as taxas
moderadoras?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Vale a pena avaliar. Temos o maior
número de cidadãos isentos, vamos ver. Cada orçamento é uma realidade e há
muitas mais coisas em benefício das pessoas do que baixar taxas. Quando
discutimos isto não podemos isolar a questão da procura dos cuidados privados e
da relação de custooportunidade que o cidadão tem com a Saúde. Tem pouco tempo
e vai a uma Urgência, incluindo no privado, que também tido crescimentos
brutais. É one stop shopping.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Quando tomou posse, pensou que um ano depois
ainda estaria aqui?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[Risos] Essa é a pergunta a que respondo
sempre da mesma maneira. Quando entrámos, fomos confrontados com uma realidade
que tinha riscos porque era inédita e que foi exposta a uma barragem política
de que não há memória em Portugal, e não é fácil governar nestas condições. Por
um lado, temos de transmitir aos cidadãos confiança, solidez e
responsabilidade, e por outro debatemo-nos com uma crítica política permanente
que, sendo legítima, nalguns casos não é razoável. No final deste ano, as
piores previsões não se verificam e há um maior alinhamento entre o Governo e a
opinião pública, que não está a ser capturada pelos arautos da desgraça, que continuam
a falar cada vez mais sozinhos. Na política é preciso ter nervos de aço e isto
significa ser fiel aos princípios. Temos de ser muito verdadeiros com as pessoas.
Precisamos de tempo para chegar ao final da legislatura e para, na Saúde,
deixar o SNS melhor. As pessoas estão cansadas e o ruído paga pouco.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Fala com dirigentes do PSD e do CDS?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Falamos no Parlamento sempre que
necessário e informalmente. Não há nada estruturado mas muitas vezes há
iniciativas que são partilhadas e até votadas em conjunto. Se alguma vez vier a
existir uma rutura na sociedade portuguesa, não será na Saúde. E também não
será pela Saúde que o Diabo aparecerá [risos].&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;E fala com os partidos da ‘geringonça’?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;As vezes necessárias. Quando há um
acordo político e incidência parlamentar, o normal é que nos momentos-chave
haja conversas entre os partidos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;No Parlamento ou aqui no Ministério da Saúde?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;No Parlamento, que é o local certo para
essas conversas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Há algum risco de o Diabo aparecer?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Como tem dito o Presidente da República,
podemos olhar para os tempos que temos pela frente pelo lado do dark side ou do
brigth side of the moon e ter uma aproximação à realidade baseada num otimismo
voluntarista irresponsável ou num ceticismo negativista e deprimente. Nenhuma
coisa é boa. O Diabo no mundo poderá aparecer a qualquer instante e mais do que
anunciar a sua vinda, é importante que os atores políticos digam o que fariam
para evitar que o Diabo viesse.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Mas não sente que há um otimismo
voluntarista?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Não sinto.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Nem no episódio da Caixa Geral de Depósitos
(CGD)?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Recomendo um exercício que um amigo
economista fez há pouco tempo, revisitar as previsões macroeconómicas desde que
o Governo foi eleito até ao dia de hoje. Estamos a falar de crescimentos
negativos, de défices que se aproximavam dos 4% ou até a impossibilidade de os compromissos
internacionais serem assegurados. E, agora, vemos o FMI a rever posições, os economistas
da Bloomberg a fazerem reavaliações... Efetivamente, valia a pena acreditar
numa trajetória sustentável porque os sinais iam no sentido de que os objetivos
iam ser atingidos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Mas as previsões dos conselhos
macroeconómicos foram reavaliadas em baixo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Muito bem, mas no fundamental chegámos
ao final do ano com Portugal a cumprir, pela primeira vez desde há 42 anos, a
meta do défice. Para o sucesso do país vai contar a provável, e quase certa, saída
do procedimento por défice excessivo, a evolução do desemprego, que até a nós
surpreendeu; o crescimento do turismo...&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;E a economia?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Não foi tão boa como gostaríamos mas os
economistas da Bloomberg já falam em 1,3%, que é acima do previsto. É
fundamental que nos concentremos no essencial: a estabilização do sector
financeiro. Mais do que as questões processuais, complexas e que podiam ter sido
evitadas, é importante saber se o sistema financeiro português, a começar pela
CGD, entra numa fase de estabilização. É importante para o financiamento da
economia.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O PCP diz que os €8,5 mil milhões que
gastamos com a dívida chegariam para financiar o SNS. Partilha desta ideia?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Partilho que €8,5 mil milhões é quase o
orçamento do Serviço Nacional de Saúde.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Não partilha que seja feita uma renegociação
da dívida?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Creio que é uma matéria demasiado
sensível para que um país com a dimensão de Portugal possa tomar fora de um
quadro que tem de ser europeu. Temos responsabilidades que não se esgotam numa
legislatura e os governos têm de ponderar sobre essa matéria.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Quando olha para 2017, a ‘geringonça’ é uma
‘bomba-relógio’ que pode rebentar a qualquer momento?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Lembro-me da “crise do irrevogável”.
Qualquer solução política em qualquer parte do mundo é suscetível de romper,
basta que haja sobre matérias concretas uma diferença. Mas é esse o atrativo de
soluções como esta. É todos os dias desafiar os detratores da ‘geringonça’ de
que ela funciona. A questão não é conservar o poder, Portugal não se pode é dar
ao luxo de não ter soluções de quatro anos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Um bom ministro da Saúde precisa de ser mais
gestor ou saber de medicina (no seu caso tem ambas as competências)?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Precisa de ter bom senso, humildade e
também alguma intuição política.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Utiliza o serviço privado?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Não utilizo nem o privado nem o público,
porque felizmente não tenho tido necessidade nem tempo. A minha família utiliza
o SNS e pontualmente o sector privado.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;E tem seguro de saúde?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Não. A minha mulher trabalha numa
Unidade de Saúde Familiar e acaba por existir mais facilidade...&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;À portuguesa.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Sim, mas tudo dentro da legalidade
[risos]. Mas se tiver de utilizar um hospital privado ou social, faço-o sem
qualquer constrangimento. Não é aí que se vê a fidelidade de uma pessoa ou de
um político aos princípios, porque é sua obrigação defender o serviço público.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Semanário Expresso, 24.12.16&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/2635252749071327572'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/2635252749071327572'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://apontamentos.blogspot.com/2016/12/diz-ser-dos-poucos-medicos-que-le.html' title='ACF, entrevista expresso 24.12.16'/><author><name>victor</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14764343066231484956</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7735125.post-380301036872209112</id><published>2016-08-17T16:04:00.002+01:00</published><updated>2016-08-17T16:13:15.037+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ACF"/><title type='text'>ACF, entrevista à Sábado</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiWsPT32Pzthh_zJcPTzo5VIbx9xXsQlRTIedwHvG-1eAnyIJ5D1E9okbRh3ddu0lx94_evPWxKCCdgXLel_-UM-y_nUj5LbQtMKN-qwhva-TTVa0e991vt5EnipyAPIZWQqxE/s1600/acf+sabado+ago+16.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;160&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiWsPT32Pzthh_zJcPTzo5VIbx9xXsQlRTIedwHvG-1eAnyIJ5D1E9okbRh3ddu0lx94_evPWxKCCdgXLel_-UM-y_nUj5LbQtMKN-qwhva-TTVa0e991vt5EnipyAPIZWQqxE/s320/acf+sabado+ago+16.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #bf9000;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;CONVERSAS AO SOL MINISTRO
DA&amp;nbsp; SAÚDE HÁ ZONAS CINZENTAS ENTRE
PÚBLICO E PRIVADO&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Esteve na calha para
suceder a Correia de Campos no tempo de Sócrates Costa convenceu o a ser
ministro em poucas horas Adalberto Campos Fernandes 57 anos revela como a sua
vida mudou já não viaja para Nova Iorque e anuncia medidas para Setembro.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;Por Fernando Esteves e
Octávio Lousada Oliveira Fotos Alexandre Azevedo, Revista Sábado&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin-bottom: 4.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.5pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 14.5pt;&quot;&gt;Com vista para a Ponte 25
de Abril oTejo e Almda Adalberto Campos&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 14.5pt;&quot;&gt;Fernandes fez o diagnóstico ao seu ministério uma máquina responsável por 123
mil profissionais. No Bar Terraço do Centro Cultural de Belém falou durante 50
minutos de viagens da curiosidade pelo recorte patológico da personalidade de
dr House das zonas de fronteira entre público e privado e do jogo de equilíbrio
a que as esquerdas estão obrigadas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;color: #1d2129; font-family: &#39;trebuchet ms&#39;, sans-serif; line-height: 14.5pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;UM WORKAHOLIC APAIXONADO
POR NOVA IORQUE&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129; font-family: &#39;trebuchet ms&#39;, sans-serif; line-height: 14.5pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Desde que tomou posse não voltou a viajar em lazer. Berlim foi a última cidade
que visitou em turismo apesar de Nova Iorque ser o destino predilecto. Viciado
em trabalho diz despachar noite dentro sem pestanejar. Às 8h a agitação chega
via telemóvel. O cargo não lhe permite ter uma vida normal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Quantas
horas trabalha por dia?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Talvez 14 16 horas Gosto
muito de trabalhar e não é por estar no Governo que trabalho mais. Sou adicto
ao trabalho. Não me canso em sacrifício muitas vezes da minha equipa.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Leva
trabalho para casa?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Levo muito despacho
electrónico porque é frequente despachar noite dentro sem cansaço. Com esse
ritmo tem margem para desligar o telemóvel para ter tempo para si. As funções
são muito exigentes do ponto de vista de interacção com as equipas. Tenho
contado com a tolerância da família mas o telemóvel mesmo ao sábado domingo e durante
a noite nunca se desliga.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Em
férias consegue deixar de ler notícias abstrair se um pouco?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Não.(risos) Recebo o
clipplng todos os dias às 8h em ponto Quando recebo o toque no telemóvel leio o
e interajo com as equipas. Este tipo de missões não é compatível com uma vida
normal.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O
que mudou na gestão dos tempos livres desde que é ministro?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O sacrifício maior tem sido
a família e uma coisa que me dava muito prazer viajar&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Que
viagens fazia?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;A todo o lado. Gosto muito
de Nova Iorque. Da Europa tenho o hábito de fazer visitas de natureza turística
com a família mas também cultural e isso ficou perturbado. &amp;nbsp;A última que fiz nestas circunstâncias foi a
Berlim no ano passado onde visitei a exposição Van Gogh e o Museu Judaico. E a
praia é obrigatória. Há 30 40 anos que sou consumidor do Algarve. A família não
dispensa, vamos sempre uma duas semanas&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Tem
uma cidade de eleição?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Nova Iorque. Tem um Museu
de Arte Moderna fantástico, temos sempre coisas para fazer nunca nos cansamos. Se um dia pudesse escolher já aposentado gostaria de passar grandes temporadas
lá.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Via
alguma série relacionada com saúde?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Tinha muita curiosidade
pela personalidade do dr House que tem um recorte patológico mas que não deixa
de ser fascinante.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;UM
ANTECESSOR RIGOROSO COM OS NÚMEROS&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Esteve muito perto de
suceder a Correia de Campos mas diz nunca ter recebido o convite de Sócrates.
Costa convenceu-o. A Paulo Macedo reconhece vários méritos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Hesitou
quando António Costa o convidou para ministro?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Hesitei&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Porquê?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Tivemos uma conversa
bastante franca e a motivação do ponto de vista político era fortíssima mas havia
um constrangimento da vida familiar e pessoal. Mas foi uma hesitação fugaz não
demorou mais do que algumas horas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;E
não foi propriamente uma surpresa, não é?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Sei que o meu nome era
referido frequentemente mas na política muitas vezes os nomes são referidos
como forma de os queimar e de evitar que sejam convidados.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Houve
essa hipótese quando José Sócrates era primeiro ministro&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Provavelmente, admito, mas
nunca fui convidado&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Considera
que Paulo Macedo deixou a casa arrumada?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;No sector da saúde nenhum
ministro por muito boa vontade que tenha e por muito esforçado que seja
consegue deixar a casa totalmente arrumada. São dificuldades imensas do ponto de
vista orçamental e da organização&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O
que fez de bom e de mau?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Encontrei uma grande
orientação para a análise dos números a informação de gestão a transparência o
combate à fraude e embora com o apoio da troika um primeiro afrontamento às
rendas excessivas no sector do medicamento. O que correu menos bem foi a
capacidade de reformar&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;A
FRAUDE O MY SNS E AS ZONAS CINZENTAS&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Até ao fim do ano os
cidadãos poderão aceder ao histórico de relações com o SNS na Internet e em Setembro
haverá nova legislação para regular conflitos de interesse entre tratamentos
nos sectores público e privado.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Tem
sido doloroso resistir aos lóbis que se movem na saúde?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;É natural que quando há
dinheiro envolvido haja interesses que se exprimem de uma forma mais ou menos
organizada. Uma coisa garanto uma das melhores qualidades que a mim próprio
reconheço é ter nervos de aço. Permite me ter grande capacidade de resistir a
qualquer pressão menos adequada.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Em
janeiro foi criado o grupo de prevenção e luta contra a fraude no SNS Que
balanço faz?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Tem sido possível detectar
e muitas situações algumas que decorrem de falhas do sistema e outras em que
existem indícios de natureza criminal. E está a ser lançado o Centro de Controlo
e Monitorização do SNS que até ao fim do ano se vai ocupar de tudo o que sejam fluxos
financeiros públicos. Ao mesmo tempo iremos impor até ao fim do ano que a relação
com estes sectores nomeadamente o convencionado passe a ser totalmente desmaterializada.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Quanto
é que já foi recuperado?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Largas dezenas para não
dizer centenas de milhões de euros não tanto pela recuperação mas pela
sinalização e prevenção do risco de dinheiro mal gasto. É uma matéria que vamos
aprofundar e expor tudo o que envolva dinheiro público está acessível no portal
do SNS. E até ao fim do ano vamos ter acesso à conta de benefícios do cidadão na
sua relação com o SNS.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O
que é que isso quer dizer?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin-bottom: 4.5pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.5pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 14.5pt;&quot;&gt;O cidadão poderá ir ao
portal do SNS e ver os momentos de relação&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 14.5pt;&quot;&gt;com o SNS, medicamentos que comprou, episódios de urgência,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 14.5pt;&quot;&gt;consultas que teve. Através desta área a que podemos chamar o &quot;My&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 14.5pt;&quot;&gt;SNS&quot; terá informação detalhada sobre a relação com o sistema.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;background-color: white; line-height: 14.5pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Como
é que pretende fixar médicos no interior e no Algarve?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Estamos a preparar
legislação que será conhecida em Setembro, que introduza incentivos de fixação
mas também de mobilidade permitir que os médicos possam estar alguns anos em
Évora, Castelo Branco, Guarda, e ao fim desse período possam pedir mobilidade
.Serão incentivos não só materiais mas também de progressão na carreira.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;No
início de 2015 tínhamos mais de um milhão e 300 mil portugueses sem médico de
família. Quais são os dados agora?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Contamos no fim do ano
reduzir esse número em 400 500 mil. E acreditamos que no fim de 2017 estaremos
muito próximos da cobertura total de portugueses por médico de família.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Antes
de tomar posse disse que 10 por cento do orçamento da Saúde era desperdício. Já
descobriu onde é que andam esses 900 milhões de euros?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Estamos a ter um controlo
muito bom da despesa na execução orçamental e a gestão das instituições de
saúde é a primeira responsável . Agora a prescrição electrónica de meios
complementares de diagnóstico e terapêutica, por exemplo, pode ter um impacto
muito grande na despesa porque repetimos exames em grande quantidade .Portugal
é dos países da OCDE com maior número de ressonâncias magnéticas realizadas por
cada 100 mil habitantes.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Porque
praticamos uma Medicina tão defensiva&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Admito que seja em parte
Medicina defensiva mas também uma proliferação da oferta de cuidados, as duplas
e as terceiras coberturas. Está por resolver em Portugal uma relação que seja
saudável e transparente entre o sector público e o sector privado Há conflitos
de interesses e há zonas cinzentas que têm que ser aclaradas. Os doentes muitas vezes
são submetidos a exames ou cuidados a mais pelos piores motivos e em
contrapartida alguns daqueles que dependem apenas do SNS têm cuidados a menos.
Em Setembro teremos novidades sobre o instrumento legislativo que procura clarificar
as relações de fronteira.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Pondera
acabar com alguma das PPPs parceria público privadas na Saúde sendo que duas
Cascais e Braga acabam durante o seu mandato?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Pondero apenas e só cumprir
o programa do Governo que diz que as PPPs serão avaliadas por entidades
independentes e pelo Governo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Vai
ser preciso contratar mais enfermeiros com as 35 horas?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Ternos recrutado e
reforçado as instituições analisando as uma a uma. Mas as 35 horas nos
enfermeiros em trabalho por turno de fendem melhor a qualidade do trabalho.
Estamos a procurar recuperar o tempo perdido num quadro de responsabilidade
orçamental.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;O EQUILIBRISMO E AS
PRESSÕES DAS ESQUERDAS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Não se diz condicionado
pelas agendas de BE e PCP nem antevê a prescrição dos acordos. Deixa recados
aos profetas do apocalipse e salienta que as pessoas se sentem tratadas de
maneira diferente&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Antevê
um futuro auspicioso a este Governo cujo equilíbrio tanto se questiona?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Desde que tomámos posse
todos os dias fomos confrontados com cenários apocalípticos e os apóstolos da
desgraça têm visto contrariadas as suas premonições Acredito que a legislatura
vai acabar com normalidade.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Não
se revê na tese de que à primeira oportunidade BE ou PCP vão puxar o tapete ao
Governo?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Isso é pensar a política em
2015 como se pensava em 1978 1979 ou 1985. O mundo mudou e o pensamento
político e comportamento dos agentes políticos também.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Não
consta que o PCP tenha mudado muito nos últimos 30 anos&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Alguma coisa terá mudado.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Já
se sentiu condicionado na sua pasta pelo BE ou pelo PCP?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Em nenhum momento Temos um
diálogo muito positivo, muito franco, apesar de nem sempre termos os mesmos
pontos de vista. O Governo tomou posse para virar a página da austeridade&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin: 4.5pt 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Ainda
é plausível acreditar que isso não passou de retórica&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 14.5pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 4.5pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129; font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 14.5pt;&quot;&gt;Hoje
o País fala de repor direitos sociais rendimentos de proteger os mais pobres e
os mais carenciados num quadro em que as dificuldades económicas do País e da
Europa ainda se mantêm.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;color: #1d2129; font-family: &#39;trebuchet ms&#39;, sans-serif; line-height: 14.5pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;As pessoas estão a viver melhor do que
viviam há oito meses&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 14.5pt;&quot;&gt;Acredito que ainda não estão a viver nas condições que mereceriam e não sei
quando é que será possível garantirmos um nível de bem estar para todos nas
melhores condições ninguém diz que as dificuldades terminaram o que talvez as
pessoas sintam é que são tratadas de maneira diferente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1d2129;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/380301036872209112'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/380301036872209112'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://apontamentos.blogspot.com/2016/08/acf-entrevista-sabado.html' title='ACF, entrevista à Sábado'/><author><name>victor</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14764343066231484956</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiWsPT32Pzthh_zJcPTzo5VIbx9xXsQlRTIedwHvG-1eAnyIJ5D1E9okbRh3ddu0lx94_evPWxKCCdgXLel_-UM-y_nUj5LbQtMKN-qwhva-TTVa0e991vt5EnipyAPIZWQqxE/s72-c/acf+sabado+ago+16.jpg" height="72" width="72"/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7735125.post-1211367116553284379</id><published>2016-03-20T17:55:00.002+00:00</published><updated>2016-03-20T17:55:44.518+00:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Entrevistas"/><title type='text'>ACF, entrevista expresso 19.03.16</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj568LebOeWOUHEaZNnRBrqntsCglRbr22C2vVYG9CzUd6RYBoTWKVQKAZvl_Nu54Tk4lj2wSaN-aFnvUvjD6UbceYSXwFwZLFeiSL9lUflJ90JP4Y4ddBMrJHQLtndFV72EcK_/s1600/ACF+expresso+20.03.16.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj568LebOeWOUHEaZNnRBrqntsCglRbr22C2vVYG9CzUd6RYBoTWKVQKAZvl_Nu54Tk4lj2wSaN-aFnvUvjD6UbceYSXwFwZLFeiSL9lUflJ90JP4Y4ddBMrJHQLtndFV72EcK_/s320/ACF+expresso+20.03.16.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #bf9000;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;“Não
queremos um SNS para os pobres”&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Conhecido como o “eterno ministeriável” na Saúde,
Adalberto Campos Fernandes chegou ao cargo. Promete melhorar o Serviço Nacional
de Saúde (SNS) para tratar todos os portugueses e não apenas quem não pode
pagar assistência privada. O médico é armativo no diagnóstico sobre o que faz
falta nos cuidados, mas cauteloso no prognóstico de tratamento: prometer a
sustentabilidade do SNS é “imprudente”.&lt;span style=&quot;background: white; color: #141823;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: white; color: #141823;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Sucede a um dos melhores ministros do anterior
governo. Sente esse&amp;nbsp; peso?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Não. As circunstâncias e o contexto político que o Dr
Paulo Macedo teve de enfrentar e viveu são totalmente diferentes dos que estou
a viver.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Era
o contexto melhor?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Não, era um contexto diferente. A existência à época de
um acorde de assistência internacional – que permitia que o governo pudesse
aplicar medidas de grande restrição financeira com elevada aceitabilidade
social – torna o contexto diferente daquele em que procuramos iniciar a saída
da crise.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;O
anterior ministro era considerado de ‘boas contas’ , mas o défice foi superior
ao previsto.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Era
exagerada a imagem de bom gestor?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Não vim para a política para comentar a imagem dos meus
colegas. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Mas
ficou admirado com o défice de €229 milhões acima do previsto? &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Não fiquei admirado, fiquei preocupado. Reforcei a
minha convicção de que quando algum titular de um cargo político na Saúde
anuncia a sustentabilidade do SNS está a ser imprudente. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O
SNS é insustentável? &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O SNS será insustentável ou não em função daquilo que
forem as condições da economia do país e as opções políticas do Governo. E as
escolhas são sempre mais difíceis quando o contexto orçamental é restritivo.
Outra coisa é saber se a insustentabilidade do SNS é justicada, porque há um
bem maior que é o serviço às pessoas. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Ter
um ‘buraco’ maior do que era esperado obrigou-o a mudar o quê? &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Obriga-nos a uma exigência redobrada em relação ao ciclo
político anterior. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;É
por isso que no orçamento da Saúde está prevista uma redução dos custos com
fornecimentos e serviços externos de €71 milhões? &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Podemos sempre pôr mais recursos, mas se não cuidarmos da
organização e dos modelos de gestão e de eciência estamos a prestar um pior
serviço com mais gastos. O nosso enfoque vai para medidas de organização
inovadoras, como a desmaterialização de processos, a receita sem papel, a
centralização das compras ou o registo de saúde eletrónico para evitar
duplicação de exames... &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Muitas
dessas medidas já existem. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Tudo o que existir e estiver bem feito deve ser
aprofundado. Não entendo que a herança política, ou a distinção da qualidade
das políticas, se faz pela armação de que o que estava feito até ao dia em que
entrei estava mal.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O
que é que estava bem feito?&lt;span style=&quot;background: white; color: #141823;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Há duas áreas que devem ser prosseguidas. A luta contra
fraude e a maior exigência na negociação com os fornecedores, não apenas
naquilo que tem que ver com descontos nos preços mas também na forma como
compramos, a negociação e aquisição centralizadas. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O
orçamento da Saúde derrapa muito devido à inovação, sobretudo em medicamentos.
Vai poupar nesta área? &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Uma das falhas do anterior governo foi ter levado longe
demais a compressão sobre a inovação terapêutica e ter de decidir em estado de
necessidade, perante a pressão dos doentes e da opinião pública. Temos de ter
uma estratégia para a inovação de qualidade, paga por ganhos de eciência e de
margem, e ser mais agressivos nos genéricos. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O
que significa ser mais agressivo? &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Signica que a taxa de mercado tem de aumentar. Criar
mecanismos do lado do cidadão para exigir na farmácia o medicamento mais
barato. Assinámos um compromisso com o sector para garantir estabilidade
jurídica e regulamentar e para alertar para a necessidade de que a
sustentabilidade do SNS não seja um problema só do Estado. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Muda
o pagamento às farmácias? &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Estamos a trabalhar para criar mecanismos que reabilitem
o sector. Muitas farmácias estão em grandes diculdades. Temos de as olhar como
um sector estratégico e encontrar um modelo que, salvaguardando a estabilidade
orçamental, crie mecanismos para que não quem tão dependentes da margem e
tenham outros lucros relacionados com a prestação do serviço ou até com o
aviamento de receitas médicas.&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: white; color: #141823;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: white; color: #141823;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;E quando é que isso avança?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background: white; color: #141823;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Até ao final de Abril.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;É
um problema difícil : O estado e o utente querem pagar menos e a farmácia quer receber
mais. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O que a farmácia quer é uma estabilidade mínima que
permita manter a subsistência da atividade. Estamos em processo negocial, mas
um dos mecanismos pode ser uma parte do pagamento pelos serviços e menor
dependência da margem. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;E quem é que paga? &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O modelo pode ser repartido entre o consumidor e o
Estado. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Em
dezembro os hospitais do SNS deviam às farmacêuticas €695 milhões... &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;As dívidas a fornecedores são um problema histórico que
resulta do subnanciamento endémico do SNS. Nunca os governos tiveram
capacidade de fazer uma dotação orçamental adequada. Como a despesa em Saúde
tem uma natureza moral mais aceitável, torna-se politicamente mais fácil um orçamento
reticativo. Estamos a ensaiar como deslocar o epicentro da doença para a
Saúde. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Este
ano quer menos 225 mil urgências. Porquê este número? &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Muitos doentes recorrem à Urgência por falta de respostas
e poderiam ser bem atendidos pelo médico de família. Com o reforço da aposta
nos cuidados primários, mais médicos de família, a vinda de aposentados e o
reforço da Linha Saúde 24, conseguiremos reter nos cuidados primários uma
população que hoje não tem alternativa. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Como
é que vai dar médico a todos? &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Este ano sairão 369 jovens especialistas e esperamos que
se reformem cerca de 180 médicos, ou seja, pela primeira vez temos um saldo
positivo. Juntamente com os reformados que aceitem regressar ao SNS,
acreditamos poder iniciar o caminho de reversão. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Como
é que se explica que não haja médicos que queiram ir para Sintra? &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;É incompreensível, de facto. No Interior entendemos que o
Estado tem de ser mais criativo nos incentivos e que podem ser de carreira,
nomeadamente créditos que permitam chegar ao grau seguinte mais depressa. É uma
matéria que tem de ser discutida com os sindicatos e que gostaríamos de fazer. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Foi
criada uma lista de centros de referência. Não são incompatíveis com a
descentralização?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
Não há soluções ótimas. Qualquer solução que vise a diferenciação e que
introduza, como desejamos, competição no SNS pela qualidade pode criar
desiquilibrios. Ninguém gostaria de ser operado a um tumor maligno raro por uma
equipa que num ano fez um caso &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Nessa
lista está a Cruz Vermelha Portuguesa , um privado ...&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Um dos pré-requisitos que impus foi que nem o ministro
nem o secretário de Estado tivessem interferência sobre o juízo técnico. Isso
seria o princípio do m deste modelo. A lista denida não é matéria política, é
matéria técnica e cientíca e todos os centros e cidadãos têm direito ao
escrutínio público. Também está a CUF e a Luz. Ninguém duvida de que este
ministério e este Governo têm como primado essencial e prioritário a defesa do
SNS e perceber que a sua qualicação passa por avaliação externa, competição e
transparência. Nenhum governo ousou fazer o que zemos com o portal do SNS, em
que estamos totalmente expostos àquilo que é o desempenho clínico, económico e
financeiro.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Mas
não vai levar ao desinvestimento nos outros hospitais? &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Estamos a falar de situações que têm uma baixa frequência
e algumas são mesmo raras. É nossa obrigação informar os cidadãos que um
centro, pelo seu desempenho, qualicações, experiência e características, tem
condições para ser uma referência. O que não signica que outros deixem de o
fazer. Temos de partilhar recursos, ciência e competência. Os meios são
exíguos, os recursos são escassos. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;A
liberdade de escolha de hospitais avança em abril? &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Chamar-lhe-ia livre acesso e circulação dentro do SNS.
Vamos dar a possibilidade de os médicos de família terem o leque de hospitais
da região com as melhores condições para oferecerem a consulta. Em regiões de
fronteira, trabalharemos para o utente poder ir a um hospital de outra
Administração Regional de Saúde. Os portugueses pagam o SNS através do seu
esforço fiscal e têm direito a ter as melhores respostas. Somos pobres , temos
escassez de meios e temos de partilhar os recursos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Os
Portugueses já suportam 32% dos custos directos . Vai reduzir este número?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Sim. A começar pela redução das taxas moderadoras. Será
dinheiro a menos que as famílias terão de pagar directamente do seu bolso. Uma
lista de espera inapropriada faz duas coisas igualmente graves: os pobres com a
doença não se tratam e os que são remediados procuram recorrer a uma prestação
privada. Isto é socialmente inaceitável e há claramente uma diferença
ideológica entre governos. É bom para a democracia, mas um ministro da Saúde
não é um contabilista da Saúde, é alguém que dene políticas e aplica-as. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Não
concorda que quem pode deve pagar a utilização do SNS? &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Geraria a maior das iniquidades. Portugal tem um modelo
de pré-pagamento fiscal. Grande parte dos portugueses não paga IRS, portanto
há uma parte que é solidária na contribuição antecipatória. A única coisa que
entendemos adequado é que no momento da utilização haja uma taxa igual para
todos, que não seja uma barreira. Quando um doente entra num hospital,
independentemente de ser muito rico ou muito pobre, é um doente. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Em
2015 os privados fizeram um milhão de consultas e de urgências. Melhorando o
acesso ao SNS será possível evitar a fuga de quem pode pagar? &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Isso ilustra a opção do anterior governo: alguma
consolidação orçamental, restrição nanceira, controlo da despesa e, com isso,
a saída de médicos muito qualicados para o sector privado. E os médicos levam
os doentes. Não foi por acaso que no ano passado o sector privado teve o maior
crescimento em financiamento, seguros e prestação, com uma explosão do número
de unidades abertas e de investimento. Não temos nada contra o desenvolvimento
do sector privado, o que temos contra é que exista uma relação entre público e
privado que é predadora do SNS. Vivemos em diculdades para conseguir reter já
não só os médicos diferenciados mas também alguns mais jovens que, frustrados
com as expectativas, a indiferenciação tecnológica e a degradação das condições
de trabalho; optam pelo privado. Tem de ser reposto o equilíbrio. Queremos
fazer a viagem ao contrário. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O
privado rege-se pela oferta e pela procura. Se fornece é porque as pessoas
procuram. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Não queremos um SNS para os pobres. Quando olhamos para o
mapeamento da oferta privada, não vemos grandes investimentos em
Trás-os-Montes, no Alentejo... Não quero um SNS pago pelos portugueses, com os
seus impostos, que obedeça a regras do mercado, porque é imperfeito . O SNS tem
uma dimensão nacional de equidade e cidadania e os privados uma dimensão que
visa o lucro e mais valias. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Vai
avaliar as *arcerias Público-Privadas?&lt;span style=&quot;background: white; color: #141823;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Está em curso, porque a primeira parceria público-privada,
Cascais, termina no final de 2018. Não haverá negociação direta. Estão a ser
feitos os trabalhos para demonstrar se o interesse público foi bem defendido.
Se tiver sido poderá ser equacionado um novo concurso público internacional,
senão caberá ao Estado equacionar a possibilidade de atuar. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Quem
vai fazer essa avaliação independente? &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;A Entidade Reguladora da Saúde. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O
que é a rede de cuidadores informais anunciada para 2017? &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Estamos a envelhecer mais depressa do que a média dos
países da Europa e a ter problemas como o abandono de idosos nos hospitais, a
falta de suporte familiar, sobretudo nos centros urbanos, e a incapacidade de
as famílias suportarem a dependência. É importante a reposição de rendimentos,
para que os idosos comprem medicamentos e cuidem da alimentação, e os centros
de saúde têm de ter maior presença no domicílio. Para o ano gostaríamos de
estabelecer incentivos à condição de cuidador informal. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Que
tipo de incentivos? &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Podem ser incentivos de natureza fiscal. É ilusório
pensar que se resolve o problema da dependência com a institucionalização,
muitas vezes não é desejável. Trata-se de densificar uma rede que já existe,
que nalguns pontos do país é escassa e frágil. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Ficou
surpreendido com as suspeitas de eutanásia no SNS? &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Fiquei surpreendido como pessoa e como ministro. Mesmo as
pessoas que em Portugal desejam que se legalize a eutanásia não ficariam
tranquilas se pensassem que, por absurdo, à margem total da lei e da ética
profissional se praticavam atos que não deviam ser praticados. Há um caminho a
fazer e que deve ser feito com elevação, serenidade e bom senso. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Como
votaria num referendo? &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Naturalmente que não vou dizer. Estaria a prestar um mau
serviço público. Tenho uma grande expectativa em conhecer as razões e em
assistir ao debate&lt;span style=&quot;background: white; color: #141823;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O
programa do Governo fala na prevenção, por exemplo para a alimentação saudável.
O que vai ser feito? &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Há já um protocolo com as indústrias do açúcar para
promover a redução do tamanho dos pacotes. É uma medida que sinaliza a
importância de fazermos escolhas adequadas. A saúde de cada um está muito nas
nossas mãos e esse investimento é muito custo-efetivo e começa pelos mais
novos. Vivemos tanto como os nórdicos, mas últimos dez anos são muito
determinados pela carga da doença. Não defendo uma sociedade proibicionista,
assética e isenta de liberdade individual, mas defendo uma sociedade
responsável e capaz de informar os riscos associados às escolhas. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Se
não tivesse qualquer constrangimento, o que mudaria na Saúde&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;? &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Faria tudo para que os portugueses considerassem a saúde
não apenas como um dever do Estado, mas como uma obrigação individual. Tornaria
os cidadãos muito mais exigentes com as respostas que nós atribuímos. Não
permitiria que em Portugal houvesse uma única pessoa, com indicação para aceder
a um qualquer nível de cuidados, que tivesse de estar à espera por não ter
rendimento. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Que
avaliação está a ser feita ao subsistema da ADSE? &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;A ADSE gera muita paixão política, muita notícia e
comentários. O Governo fará aquilo que está no seu programa para poder dizer se
continua. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;E
continua? &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Não vejo como não continuar. É paga pelas quotizações dos
próprios, o Estado já não tem nenhuma comparticipação e os sindicatos desejam
que continue. A partir do momento em que foi criado o SNS, deixou de ter
sentido um subsistema público a conviver com o sistema nacional e universal.
AADSE deveria ter terminado em 1979. Dizia-se que os privados eram financiados
pelo Estado indiretamente e essa questão deixou de existir, porque hoje os
fundos são exclusivamente quotizações dos trabalhadores. AADSE tem de ter
capacidade para uma estratégia de sustentabilidade e perceber que há fundos de
reserva a ser constituídos para prevenir o futuro, porque é, em certa medida,
um seguro público muito aberto, sem exclusões. AADSE é muita generosa na
amplitude das coberturas... &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Não
reduzirá as contribuições se continuar a dar lucro? &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Isso tem de ser discutido com os sindicatos, que têm um
papel determinante na definição das escolhas. Deve haver uma evolução
progressiva para uma associação mutualista, no sentido de que a ADSE tem fundos
exclusivamente dos trabalhadores, e o Estado não deve ter participação ativa.
Estamos na fase de avaliação e qualquer decisão será tomada em concertação com
o interesse dos&lt;span style=&quot;background: white; color: #141823;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;próprios
trabalhadores. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Faz sentido dar
benefícios a cônjuges e filhos até 30 anos? &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;É discutível. É uma proposta que decorre de estudos
atuariais produzidos pela ADSE por entender que tem que alargar a base de
quotizados. Na última década, a idade média agravou-se em oito anos e isso
significa mais encargos e menos sustentabilidade. Nós só temos uma preocupação:
garantir que há condições técnicas para a sustentabilidade, que os
trabalhadores têm uma palavra determinante no futuro da ADSE e que o Estado
português não financia através dos impostos duplas coberturas. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Os
privados podem utilizar tratamentos inovadores, por exemplo para o cancro,
aprovados só na Europa e os hospitais públicos têm de esperar pela aprovação do
Infarmed. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;É verdade e é uma das causas que podem levar à
insustentabilidade da ADSE. Estamos a criar condições para que haja um padrão
nacional, que a ADSE deve equacionar em vez de utilizar fármacos sem o
custo-efetividade demonstrado. Até ao final de junho haverá novidades sobre os
padrões de prescrição e as recomendações terapêuticas. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;João Vieira Pereira e Vera Lúcia Arreigoso, expresso 19.03.16&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/1211367116553284379'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/1211367116553284379'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://apontamentos.blogspot.com/2016/03/acf-entrevista-expresso-190316.html' title='ACF, entrevista expresso 19.03.16'/><author><name>victor</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14764343066231484956</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj568LebOeWOUHEaZNnRBrqntsCglRbr22C2vVYG9CzUd6RYBoTWKVQKAZvl_Nu54Tk4lj2wSaN-aFnvUvjD6UbceYSXwFwZLFeiSL9lUflJ90JP4Y4ddBMrJHQLtndFV72EcK_/s72-c/ACF+expresso+20.03.16.jpg" height="72" width="72"/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7735125.post-756707984025627429</id><published>2016-02-01T22:19:00.001+00:00</published><updated>2016-02-01T22:19:10.557+00:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Entrevistas"/><title type='text'>Sakellarides</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #bf9000;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Constantino Sakellarides,&amp;nbsp; quer
ajudar o ministro da Saúde a «manter o foco»&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;«Tempo Medicina» («TM»)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt; – &lt;b&gt;Porque foi chamado para consultor do ministro para as questões
estratégicas?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Constantino Sakellarides (CS) - Gostaria de fazer um apontamento prévio
para dizer que habitualmente há um Programa do Governo (PG) feito muito à
pressa e por pessoas que depois não são chamadas a executá-lo, o que é, à
partida, uma das causas de disfunção da nossa governação da Saúde.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Mas, desta vez, o Prof. Adalberto Campos Fernandes foi o coordenador do
Programa do Partido Socialista para a Saúde e, desta forma, este é o seu
programa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Depois, salientar que o Senhor ministro da Saúde é uma pessoa muito focada na
implementação e nos tempos e, portanto, é um fazedor por natureza.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Estamos, por isso, numa preocupação invulgar de implementar aquilo que está
escrito e prometido.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Não vamos olhar para as medidas de forma isolada, mas sim explicitar e realizar
um modelo de governação que articule as medidas nos seus diferentes níveis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;E se esta é uma preocupação do ministro, é natural que peça apoio técnico às
pessoas mobilizadas para o efeito.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;«TM»&lt;/i&gt;
- Quais as áreas a que será chamado, ou já foi, a dar conselhos. O que lhe pede
o ministro da Saúde?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;CS - Primeiro, que tenha uma atenção muito particular aos chamados programas
horizontais, como a literacia e autocuidados e a gestão da doença crónica.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Sabemos hoje que nas sociedades modernas o sistema só funciona se as pessoas
estiverem informadas e capacitadas para tomar decisões inteligentes em relação
à saúde e à forma como utilizam os serviços.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;A minha função é assegurar, por exemplo, que o programa de literacia para a
saúde, que está a ser desenhado e que vai ser apresentado em breve, é feito com
a cumplicidade e articulação dos outros elementos do PG e não é uma aventura
desgarrada, o que acontece habitualmente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Se este não estiver intimamente relacionado com os centros de saúde ou
hospitais, com o espaço de atendimento dos utentes ou com as pessoas que não
têm acesso à tecnologia mais avançada na net, não vale a pena tê-lo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Assegurar que é um programa real é uma operação complexa, mas a sua boa
execução e acompanhamento depende da qualidade estratégia, muita conversa e
inter-relação, foco e acompanhamento dos resultados.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;E isso tem que ser feito com competência, com alguém que conheça o sistema e as
pessoas para garantir que essas ligações são feitas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;«TM»&lt;/i&gt;
- E em relação à gestão da doença crónica?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;CS – Esse é outro programa com muita visibilidade no PG, pois os sistemas de
saúde tradicionalmente foram muito pensados em função da doença aguda. E a
verdade é que este não pode ser um programa vertical e paralelo ao resto.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Pretendemos criar transversalidade e assegurar que os programas de gestão de
doença crónica ou de literacia ajudam, dão rodas e impulsionam o
desenvolvimento de outras linhas. É isso que se chama consultoria
estratégica.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Outro aspeto, mais simples e instrumental, é assegurar que em relação aos
programas verticais e aos seus instrumentos, como o Portal da Saúde e os
sistemas de informação, haja um mecanismo interno que coordene a informação
antes de ela chegar ao topo, ao ministro e aos secretários de Estado, pois uma
decisão ótima precisa de uma informação cruzada.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;«TM»&lt;/i&gt;
- A que tipo de mecanismo se refere?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;CS – Temos de criar um caminho simples que assegure que os passos dados nesses
programas verticais são conhecidos pelos decisores verticais na tutela, de
forma a saberem exatamente o que está a acontecer e poderem fazer uma
interpretação informada dos dados.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Este é um mecanismo que se chama de suporte de análise estratégica. É uma
função complexa, com muito ruído, que exige paciência, conhecer as pessoas,
ouvi-las, de forma a ajudar o ministro a manter o foco.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.6667px; line-height: 16.8667px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;«As pessoas querem circular com
facilidade no SNS»&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;«TM»&lt;/i&gt;
- Que outros instrumentos permitem não perder o foco?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;CS - Esse foco é dado em grande parte pelo modelo de governação da saúde que
tem que ser atualizado em função dos conhecimentos e instrumentos de governação
atuais.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Queremos, por exemplo, olhar pela primeira vez para o processo de vida das
pessoas, em vez de olharmos de uma forma segmentada para os vários grupos
etários.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Se concentrarmos a nossa atenção no idoso, perdemos o processo de
envelhecimento e, se interessa apoiar a pessoa &amp;nbsp;quando está mais frágil,
interessa também perceber como é que pode lá chegar melhor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;O segundo aspeto é perceber que as pessoas querem circular com facilidade nos
vários tipos de cuidados do SNS e que os resultados no fim sejam bons.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;E, por vezes, os utentes passam calvários, especialmente em situações de doença
prolongada, em que esse trajeto é feito com grande incomodidade. A isto
chama-se cadeia de valor dos cuidados de saúde.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;E se há 20 anos não tínhamos instrumentos, hoje gerir o trajeto dos pacientes é
uma questão de organização virtual.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Já existem alguns instrumentos, como a Linha Saúde 24, as vias verdes, ou o
processo de saúde eletrónico que quando estiver implementado vai permitir que
acedam à minha informação clínica em qualquer ponto do País.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;O terceiro aspeto do modelo de governação da saúde é olhar para as tecnologias
de diagnóstico e tratamento vicejante.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Se essa tecnologia traz vantagens, também traz alguns problemas, como o seu
custo muitas vezes indevido.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Se podemos antecipar com três anos de antecedência a sua cadeia de valor e não
o fazemos, o conflito em relação ao seu financiamento e utilização é muito
maior.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Hoje não há razão nenhuma para não termos, em relação às tecnologias da saúde,
a sua cadeia explícita, ou seja, saber como é que se formou o preço, como é que
se financia, se a formação do preço e financiamento é justo, como é utilizada e
qual o impacto que tem na saúde das pessoas e como pode ser reavaliada.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;E este é um aspeto que estamos a caminho de desenvolver.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Por fim, o modelo deverá ter em conta o tipo de pessoas que somos (não somos
dinamarqueses) que condicionam o tipo de relações que podemos ter, o que
constrange ou favorece o trabalho das profissões da saúde.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Por exemplo, com a reforma dos CSP conseguimos uma organização avançada no
sistema público porque é um sistema centralizado, as pessoas têm acesso e
porque os profissionais se sentem bem.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Mas ainda é uma ilha e não funcionará se a nossa literacia não aumentar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;«TM»&lt;/i&gt;
- E como será feita toda a gestão deste processo de mudança de modelo de
governação?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;CS – A forma de lidar com o mundo de hoje é conhecer bem o que existe.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Temos por exemplo uma plétora de informações e aplicações para a educação para
a Saúde.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Estão na net, nos telemóveis e nos livros.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Mas não podemos acrescentar mais sem fazer um repositório do que existe,
trabalhar o que existe e depois, em termos estratégicos, inteligentemente e sem
gastar dinheiro, acrescentar três ou quatro elementos que possam ajudar tudo a
funcionar melhor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Será esta a lógica do programa de literacia e de gestão crónica da
doença.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;«TM»&lt;/i&gt;
- Quer dar alguns exemplos concretos?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;CS – O foco será, por exemplo, encontrar forma de atingir as pessoas que não
têm acesso à internet.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;É possível passar mensagens importantes às pessoas idosas que estão sentadas
numa sala de espera do centro de saúde, tais como as formas de prevenir as
quedas, que são um problema muito comum nos idosos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Em suma, estamos a tentar construir um modelo de governação da Saúde que permite
uma implementação mais eficaz do PG, através de uma visão do sistema de Saúde
que é atual e integradora, e num processo de mudança que é sensato, inovador
mas que não inventa aquilo que não é preciso inventar.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;«TM»&lt;/i&gt;
- Mas é também um modelo que vai ser muito trabalhoso e que vai precisar de
pessoas com muito empenho, vontade de fazer e autonomia nas lideranças.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;CS - Evidente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;É um modelo trabalhoso e sensível porque, no fundo, esta função “mete o nariz”
em tudo e tem que ser executada com muita sensatez. Para além disso não deve
ter grande protagonismo, mas ser sim de apoio, de análise e suporte
estratégico. Exemplo disso é o PG que pela primeira vez quer «uma nova ambição»
para a Saúde Pública.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;No entanto, por trás, tem de existir uma figura muito importante como são os
planos locais de saúde.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;«Há Planos Locais de Saúde que são um
horror»&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;«TM»&lt;/i&gt;
- Vão olhar para os programas do Ministério da Saúde de uma forma diferente?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;CS - Sim, claro.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Se formos à internet vemos que há Planos Locais de Saúde (PLS) razoáveis e
outros que são um horror.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Mas não há nada ou ninguém que diga que os planos não se fazem assim. Um
programa e um plano não podem ser feitos “à vontade do freguês”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Têm que obedecer a uma regra de boa prática e escolher os aspetos que são fundamentais
numa determinada zona. Depois, têm que ser conhecido pelas pessoas, porque de
outra forma são só um papel.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Temos que sair do papel para uma coisa que exista, que faça diferença na vida
das pessoas e seja avaliável como tal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;«TM»&lt;/i&gt;
- E como vão fazê-lo?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;CS - Há formas de assegurar que os planos e os programas obedecem a normas
certificadas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Se a Direção-Geral da Saúde emite um conjunto de normas sobre a forma de
utilizar medicamentos, porque é que não há normas para se aplicarem aos
programas para assegurar que têm impacto na realidade?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Claro que é uma tarefa difícil mas há um caminho a percorrer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;E o percorrer bem significa que se eu tiver um bom PLS da Região de Lisboa e
articulado com a Câmara Municipal, a literacia e a gestão das doenças crónicas
são aspetos que vão funcionar melhor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Esse caminho só se pode fazer com um modelo explícito e bem oleado e cuidado de
governação da Saúde.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Por seu turno, o mecanismo de contratualização não pode ser igualmente de um
papel que eu envio, é assinado e reenviado sem qualquer expetativa real do que
realmente se passa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Em suma, em os PLS têm de ser elaborados com base em normas para que seja
introduzido rigor no processo de contratualização.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;O modelo de governação não é uma coisa abstrata.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;É evidente que temos a resistência da nossa cultura, hábitos, ignorâncias,
dificuldades, ruídos, mas não podemos pensar no vazio.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;A intenção é que o PG não seja um esquema, mas tenha alguma coisa de
real.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;«TM»&lt;/i&gt;
- O Governo vai manter os programas prioritários para a Saúde com os mesmos
objetivos ou vai mudar a sua estratégia em algumas áreas? Sabemos que falhou,
por exemplo, a transição dos cuidados de saúde mental para a comunidade.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;CS - Essa é uma pergunta que terá de fazer ao Senhor ministro da Saúde.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;«TM»&lt;/i&gt;
Mas, terá uma opinião…&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;CS – Claro.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Há muitas coisas boas nos programas prioritários, no entanto, não são feitos de
forma a serem facilmente avaliados o que é uma contradição.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;A lógica inerente é que sejam avaliáveis &amp;nbsp;e de várias formas para podermos
aprender com eles.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Mas como não o são podemos ter várias opiniões, sem poder documentar qual a
mais válida.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;O primeiro pressuposto de um programa é que vai ter impacto em alguma coisa bem
definida para saber como funcionou e não basta publicar estatísticas ou números
sem juízo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;O que é que correu mal na desinstitucionalização dos doentes mentais para a
comunidade?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Precisamos de saber o que foi realmente e ter a garantia que nos próximos dois
anos vamos ter melhores resultados.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Soubemos, por exemplo, que a depressão aumentou durante a crise, mas soubemos
disso muito tarde, até porque era previsível que acontecesse.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;O que foi feito para o prever e evitar são perguntas simples com respostas
simples.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Existirem normas de boas práticas no planeamento significa que os documentos
deixam de passar de folhas de intenções e que não são avaliáveis nem respondem
às perguntas essenciais.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Sem colocar em causa tudo o que de bom é feito, os planos e os programas têm
que passar a ser verdadeiros planos e programas e penso que o Senhor ministro
também pensa assim.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Liberdade de escolha foi abandonada «por
simplicidade»&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;«TM»&lt;/i&gt;
- Outro imperativo do Programa do Governo para a Saúde é trazer verdadeiramente
o cidadão para o centro do sistema, dando-lhe liberdade de escolha.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;É um objetivo muito ambicioso pois terão de mudar as regras da contratualização
e as mentalidades. Como será posto em prática este conceito?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;CS - O Senhor ministro não disse que é fácil e por isso devemos começar a
experimentar com projetos-piloto, mas a liberdade de escolha é algo muito
importante porque é um princípio inscrito na lógica do SNS e que foi abandonado
por simplicidade.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;E se o sistema se deforma pela comodidade da gestão e não das pessoas que o
frequentam isso tem que ser tratado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Isto quer dizer que as instituições devem ir atrás do fluxo das pessoas e não o
contrário.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Se eu trabalho em Lisboa o dia inteiro prefiro ir ao centro de saúde mais próximo
do meu local de trabalho.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;É óbvio que se nos concentramos nos fluxos naturais das pessoas, nessa altura
temos que ter mecanismos de compensação. Ou seja o fluxo deve acompanhar os
recursos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Já outro mecanismo mais complexo é o acesso à informação, assegurando que está
disponível em qualquer local.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Há um conjunto de instrumento que têm de ser apurados para permitir isso.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;«TM»&lt;/i&gt;
- Como pensa ser possível resolver o axioma que existe na Saúde Pública que diz
que o único casamento que não se dissolve é o casamento entre a pobreza e a
doença, quando sabemos que o País não será mais rico?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;CS - Quando alguém desenha um programa de ajustamento externa e internamente, e
aqui a Europa tem enormes responsabilidades, fica obrigado a prever as
consequências na saúde das pessoas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Vamos continuar a ter dificuldades e vamos ter que prever qual será o estado de
saúde dos portugueses em função disso. Faz parte desse modelo de governação
explícito.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;«TM»&lt;/i&gt;
- O Prof. Constantino Sakellarides afirmou, durante uma reunião da Fundação
para a Saúde SNS, que «é difícil encontrar uma empresa de grandes dimensões que
dê menos importância ao seu capital humano que o SNS» e que «há uma indiferença
perante o facto de os melhores quadros saírem para o estrangeiro ou para o
setor privado, manifestando desencanto em relação às oportunidades e condições
de trabalho».&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;O que vai poder este Governo fazer neste
aspeto?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;CS - Neste momento as minhas funções não me permitem responder pois é uma
matéria que não é da minha responsabilidade. Se o fizesse usurpava o papel do
Senhor ministro.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;«TM»&lt;/i&gt;
- Mas para um bom e forte modelo de governação tem que haver uma valorização
dos profissionais de saúde, certo?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;CS - Sei apenas que o Senhor ministro comunga desta preocupação.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;«TM»&lt;/i&gt;
- O Ministério da Saúde já disse que está a «ensaiar modelos que incentivem a
fixação dos jovens médicos no interior, já este ano», tendo explicado que
poderá ser aplicado o incentivo da progressão da carreira mais rápida nesses
casos.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Não teme que os outros profissionais, sindicatos e mesmo a OM contestem a
medida?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;CS - É um aspeto da política de saúde que eu não acompanho, mas posso responder
ao argumento, sem me meter na política dos recursos humanos, que foi o mesmo
utilizado na reforma dos CSP, quando as pessoas escolheram evoluir do modelo de
USF A para o modelo B. É uma opção.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Sabemos que certas profissões são mais bem &amp;nbsp;remuneradas, que trabalhar no
sector privado representa algumas diferenças, que uma pessoa da Saúde Pública
ou um cirurgião ganham de forma diferente e eu não me posso queixar por não ter
sido cirurgião.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;«TM»&lt;/i&gt;
- Foi difundida a ideia da intenção do Ministério da Saúde em assinar com os
principais parceiros um compromisso para a sustentabilidade e desenvolvimento
do SNS para três anos.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;De que compromisso falamos, de um pacto para a Saúde?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;CS – Essa é uma questão puramente política.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;«TM»&lt;/i&gt;
- Mas que tem em vista uma estratégia de governação…&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;CS – O que posso dizer é que a ideia é que só podemos melhorar se houver
convergência.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Há interesses divergentes entre os atores sociais, mas procuramos os que são
convergentes para conseguir melhorar. É isso que o ministro procura.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;«TM»&lt;/i&gt;
- Como espera encontrar o setor da Saúde daqui a quatro anos?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;CS - Espero que esteja diferente e melhor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Como já disse, o ministro é muito focado, tem metas a atingir em várias fases
e, portanto, se esse foco for suportado por um bom modelo de governação que
potencie e faça articular em vez de competir e chocar os vários programas da
saúde, então vamos ter algum sucesso. Se não acreditássemos não estávamos
aqui.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;«Se a reforma dos CSP não for acelerada
é evidente que não há solução para nada&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;»&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;em style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;em style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;«TM» &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;- Fala-se muito na transferência dos cuidados hospitalares para os
cuidados de saúde primários. Como fazê-lo, sabendo que no interior do País se
fecharam serviços, se reduziram horários e os médicos continuam a não querer ir
mesmo com incentivos?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;CS – Se a reforma dos CSP não for acelerada para compensar o que foi atrasada,
é evidente que não há solução para nada.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;O fundamental é que o médico de família agarre os seus doentes e os referencie
quando precise.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Enquanto esse aspeto não atingir um certo nível em todo o território o sistema
é disfuncional.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;O que era para acontecer em oito anos, está em pouco mais de metade do País.
Depois, é evidente que em certos meios faz sentido que sejam determinadas
especialidades a deslocarem-se ao centro de saúde em vez do utente ao hospital.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Não faz sentido ter um cardiologista no centro de saúde a tempo inteiro, mas
pode dar consultas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Há muitas coisas que podem ser melhoradas, mas se não tivermos um bom sistema
de USF difundido por todo o País não há uma boa resposta boa para o resto.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Ministro «tem a intenção firme de
avançar com o Conselho Nacional de Saúde»&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;em style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;em style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;«TM» - &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;em style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Como olha para a sugestão já feita de criar O Conselho Nacional de
Saúde, que deve englobar grupos de todos os sectores da sociedade, uma «figura»
que está, aliás, consagrada na Lei de Bases da Saúde.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;CS - Não posso entrar em detalhes, mas sei que o Senhor ministro tem a intenção
firme de avançar com o Conselho Nacional de Saúde.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;O Portal do SNS pode ter um papel muito importante na transparência, mas o Conselho
Nacional, um órgão de difícil gestão, é uma experiência que tem de se aprender
a fazer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0070c0; font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Tempo de Medicina 31.02.16&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/756707984025627429'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/756707984025627429'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://apontamentos.blogspot.com/2016/02/sakellarides.html' title='Sakellarides'/><author><name>victor</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14764343066231484956</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7735125.post-1558373454805237183</id><published>2016-01-23T16:31:00.001+00:00</published><updated>2016-01-23T17:40:07.764+00:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ACF"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Entrevistas"/><title type='text'>Fernando Araújo, entrevista</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Dar um
médico de família a cada português é uma promessa que os cidadãos já se habituaram
a ouvir da boca de sucessivos ministros da Saúde e a constatar que, afinal, não
pode ser cumprida. Numa altura em que ainda há mais de um milhão de pessoas sem
médico de família, o secretário de Estado Adjunto e da Saúde, Fernando Araújo,
acredita que é possível, em quatro anos, dar uma equipa de família (não só
médico, mas também enfermeiro e secretário clínico) aos portugueses. A ideia
central é tirar pessoas e despesa dos hospitais para investir mais nos centros
de saúde, onde avançam nos próximos meses experiência-piloto com
oftalmologistas e dentistas. Tudo com quase o mesmo orçamento porque o buraco
financeiro encontrado no SNS é grande. Mas os cuidadores formais de idosos
dependentes em casa poderão vir a receber incentivos financeiros.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;- Todos os
ministros têm prometido dar um médico de família a cada português. Este Governo
vai conseguir cumprir esta promessa?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Não gostaria de me comprometer com uma data, mas dentro da legislatura é nosso
objectivo dar uma equipa de família à generalidade dos portugueses.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;- Mas isso
não é querer ir muito além quando há tanta gente ainda sem médico de família?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Temos um milhão e quarenta mil utentes sem médico de família. Há várias formas
diferentes para tentar ultrapassar [este problema] e uma está relacionada com a
colocação rápida de médicos de família depois do exame final. Neste momento os
médicos que terminam a especialidade têm de se candidatar a um ou mais
concursos. Isso significa um enorme atraso no processo. Por exemplo, os que
fizeram exame no ano passado em Outubro ainda não estão colocados nos centros
de saúde.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;trebuchet ms&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;trebuchet ms&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;- O que se
pretende fazer, então?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Queremos
fazer um concurso único a nível nacional em que conte apenas a nota final do
exame. Os médicos que realizem o exame com aproveitamento serão colocados logo
no mês a seguir.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;- Os
médicos do Norte podem vir a ser colocados no Sul?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Nos cuidados primários isso começará a ser mais frequente, já que no Norte
temos 98% da população coberta. As regiões mais problemáticas são Lisboa e o
Algarve, com mais de 20% de pessoas sem médico de família. Vamos é desenvolver
mecanismos de mobilidade.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;- Mas
também temos o problema dos médicos aposentados e dos emigrados.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Neste ano o que está previsto é que possam ir a exame final de especialidade
379 médicos de família, mas prevê-se que, pela idade, se reformem 230. Este ano
e o próximo são os mais críticos, depois deve estabilizar, é a altura de
inversão do ciclo. Até lá é muito importante sensibilizarmos estes médicos
aposentados. Vamos fazer uma proposta que seja suficientemente atractiva.
Estamos actualmente a dialogar com as Finanças um novo modelo, que esperamos
possa ser incluído no Orcamento de Estado de 2016.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;- Mas isso
significa pagar mais, metade, a totalidade?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Ainda estamos a discutir com as Finanças. Se contratarmos metade destes 230
médicos aposentados, poderíamos dar cobertura a cerca de 200 mil utentes. Já
era um impulso enorme.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;- Afinal,
os médicos ganham pouco, muito ou mais ou menos?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Há aqui uma parte que também é mito. Os médicos que trabalham na privada e
ganham muito são casos pontuais. Na maior parte dos casos, mesmo na privada, os
ordenados são mais baixos, o preço por hora hoje está muito mais barato. No
final, em média, os profissionais, para a responsabilidade que possuem e o
trabalho que desempenham, deviam ganhar mais.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;- Ter mais
médicos de família não significa que as pessoas deixem de ir às urgências.
Aliás, os dados mostram que as pessoas estão a usar menos os centros de saúde.
Como se inverte esta situação?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;É preciso irmos para além dos médicos e dos enfermeiros. O modelo de USF
[Unidade de Saúde Familiar] é fundamental. Quando um médico está fora, o utente
sabe que terá lá outro profissional para o atender. Também queremos dar novas
valências. Já há nutricionistas, psicólogos, higienistas orais,
fisioterapeutas, nos centros de saúde, mas não em quantidade suficiente. Vamos
tentar aumentar o número de profissionais. A ideia é abrir a outras áreas diferentes
como a saúde oral, com o médico dentista. O cheque-dentista foi excelente, mas
não é suficiente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;- Isso não
vai implicar uma despesa enorme?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;A ideia é começar por um projecto-piloto. A estratégia passa por seleccionarmos
um conjunto de centros de saúde no Alentejo e Lisboa e fazermos com a OMD
[Ordem dos Médicos Dentistas] a selecção dos médicos e locais, os serviços a
prestar e os utentes abrangidos. Estamos muito voltados para os utentes mais
vulneráveis, com insuficiência económica e com patologias crónicas como a
oncológica e cardiovascular, a diabetes, por exemplo.&amp;nbsp;Queremos locais com
higienistas orais porque, mais do que fazer tratamentos, pretendemos apostar na
prevenção. A ideia é mais do que tratar as cáries. Esperamos que neste primeiro
semestre possa arrancar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;- É para
ser alargado a todo o país?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Isso já depende das condições económicas. Estamos a falar das populações mais
vulneráveis e em que as infecções da cavidade oral acabam por ter uma
repercussão na sua doença crónica. Também temos em cima da mesa um projecto na
área da saúde visual.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;- Já está
estruturado como na saúde oral?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Até pode ser mais rápido de implementar porque não tem tanto impacto do ponto
de vista económico. Vamos explorar duas questões. Aproveitar o rastreio da
retinopatia diabética que já realizamos em várias regiões e utilizar o mesmo
processo para efectuar o rastreio da doença macular e do glaucoma. A outra área
que nos motivou inicialmente foi a das crianças, com a ambliopia. A ideia é
começar aos dois anos de idade.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;- Prometeram
também baixar as taxas moderadoras. O que vai mudar e quando?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;As taxas moderadoras vão reduzir-se de uma forma expressiva. O mais fácil era
reduzir uma percentagem igual em todas as linhas mas isso acabaria por
desvirtuar a questão da moderação do consumo inapropriado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;- Mas se as
pessoas vão pouco aos centros de saúde faz sentido moderar esse consumo?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Temos de reduzir também de acordo com as condições económicas de que dispomos.
Estamos apostados em anular todos os casos que são referenciados, por doença
aguda, pela Linha Saúde 24 e pelos centros de saúde, onde nos cuidados
hospitalares os doentes pagavam os meios complementares de diagnóstico que
podiam ir até 50 euros. A ideia é que se o doente for orientado, por uma causa
urgente, a partir da Linha Saúde 24, não paga a taxa moderadora. Fica mesmo a
custo zero.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;- Mas em
geral, então, as pessoas vão continuar a pagar taxa moderadora nos centros de
saúde e hospitais?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;As taxas vão baixar. Na primeira consulta hospitalar está previsto que o doente
deixe de pagar. Se o médico de família enviou o doente para o hospital, então
este não paga. Nas seguintes já paga. A taxa moderadora será mais económica no
médico de família, 4,5 euros [actualmente é 5 euros] do que no hospital, 7
euros [actualmente a taxa para consulta de especialidade é de 7,75 euros] para
ajudar nesta orientação. No hospital de dia não se paga taxa no acto mas
paga-se nos exames de diagnóstico (até 25 euros) e a ideia é isentar
completamente esta linha. Também os dadores de sangue e os bombeiros ficarão
isentos. Prevemos que tudo entre em vigor em Abril.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;- Esta
diminuição é muito pouco expressiva, sobretudo nos centros de saúde, onde baixa
apenas 50 cêntimos.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;No global, vai representar este ano uma redução de entre 35 a 40 milhões de
euros, cerca de 20 a 25% do valor total das taxas moderadoras. Nas urgências
polivalentes, baixa-se de 20,6 euros para 18 euros e, nas médico-cirúgicas, de
18 para 16 euros. Nas urgências básicas, a diminuição é de 15,45 para 14 euros.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;- E quanto
ao transporte de doentes, em que o anterior ministro cortou um terço das
verbas, o que querem rever?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;O objectivo é ter mudanças até Abril, mas ainda estão a ser estudadas algumas
questões técnicas. Queremos fazer um alargamento dos doentes que têm isenção do
transporte, através de um diploma próprio, porque passa por alterar mesmo o
regulamento.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;- Os
hospitais vão ter o mesmo orçamento este ano, como disse Luís Marques Mendes?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;O orçamento será igual mas com um reforço para compensar as necessidades
decorrentes das alterações dos vencimentos e da questão das 35 horas. Mas nós
pretendemos é passar parte das atribuições dos hospitais para fora e trabalhar
para um aumento da eficiência.&amp;nbsp;O que queremos demonstrar é que é possível,
apesar de tudo, melhorar os cuidados de saúde com rigor e exigência económica.
A ideia é tentar governar de forma diferente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;- Mas isso
de cortar nas gorduras foi o que ouvimos ao longo dos últimos quatro anos.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Vamos provar que é possível fazer diferente. Comprimiu-se muito na área do
medicamento – e bem – e vamos manter isso e alargar mais, se possível. Não
queremos diminuir o esforço da indústria farmacêutica, que é relevante. De
resto, as alterações que foram feitas [pelo anterior Governo] foram na redução
dos ordenados, não são alterações estruturais. A questão das 35 horas vai levar
a um aumento de despesa nos salários e por isso vamos mesmo ter de fazer as
reformas estruturais há muito exigidas. Os hospitais irão ter um reforço
económico por causa da passagem das 40 para as 35 horas e da alteração dos
impostos. O problema maior está nos hospitais que têm turnos contínuos e onde
isto implica, por exemplo, ter mais um em cada sete [enfermeiros e auxiliares].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;- Quantos
enfermeiros vai ser necessário contratar?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Estão a ser feitos estudos. Nalguns casos, poderá haver aumento das horas
extra.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;- Qual é o
plano para as urgências ?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Achamos que não deve haver um modelo único. Sou muito favorável a modelos
mistos, com profissionais dedicados, com melhor remuneração pela penosidade,
complementados com outros médicos. O professor António Ferreira tem um modelo
muito interessante no [hospital] São João, em que o modelo é quase todo
dedicado [médicos que trabalham só na urgência].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;- Mas a
Ordem dos Médicos diz que eles ficam em burnont&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Conheço muitos colegas que gostam e que querem continuar a fazer só urgências.
Alguns dos quatro ou cinco novos Centros de Responsabilidade Integrada (CRI)
que pretendemos abrir este ano podem ser em serviços de urgência, com prémios
de desempenho. A ideia é que os médicos estejam em dedicação plena nos CRI, que
serão metástases benignas no SNS, como diz o ministro.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;- Este
Inverno, já há serviços de urgência em Lisboa em que os doentes com pulseira
amarela têm de esperar 12 horas.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Existe um plano de Inverno que já foi posto à prova no final de Dezembro e que
reconhecemos que nem sempre respondeu da melhor forma. O problema é que em
Lisboa foram fechadas muitas camas hospitalares, a redução terá sido superior à
que devia, para optimizar as questões económicas.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;- Há muitas
pessoas que dizem que foi um erro encerrar a maior parte dos Serviços de
Atendimento Permanentes (SAP) nos centros de saúde. Concorda?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Onde os SAP fecharam, a resposta é melhor. Há duas ou três explicações para
isto: no Norte há uma grande cobertura de médicos de família, uma rede de
cuidados continuados que começa a ser interessante e uma grande resposta dos
cuidados familiares; em Lisboa, há uma grande percentagem de utentes sem médico
de família, cuidados continuados menos desenvolvidos e a primeira porta aberta
é no hospital. Em Lisboa, também a questão do exercício privado (há mais na
capital) acaba por levar que mais recursos saiam.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;- Dizem que
querem apostar nos cuidados continuados e apoiar os cuidadores informais. O que
pretendem fazer em concreto?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Temos actualmente 7700 camas de cuidados continuados, ligeiramente mais de
metade do que era suposto (14 mil). Este ano, calculamos abrir mais 700. Agora,
muito mais do que abrir camas, queremos apostar nas equipas que vão ao
domicílio, discutir a figura do cuidador informal com a Segurança Social,
iniciar contactos para formar equipas conjuntas. Pretendemos ainda, nalguns
casos, ajudar a formar os cuidadores, levar enfermeiros e funcionários da
Segurança Social a casa das pessoas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;- A ideia é
dar apoio e formação. E&amp;nbsp; incentivos de outro tipo?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Eventualmente apoio financeiro, mas também outro tipo de respostas, para haver
mais abertura da família a ter as pessoas no seu lar e não se sentirem
abandonados. Na ligação aos cuidados continuados, o processo ainda é muito
moroso e burocrático e também teremos de intervir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;- Que tipo
de reformas vão avançar nos próximos anos?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Queremos ver se reduzimos em 10% as urgências hospitalares, nesta legislatura.
São 600 mil episódios de urgência e pagamos por cada um, em média, cerca de 80
euros. Serão 48 milhões por ano que iremos usar para apostar nos cuidados de
saúde primários.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;- E a
reforma hospitalar? Todos os ministros dizem que vão fazer uma reforma
hospitalar, mas isso implica medidas polémicas.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Certamente haverá medidas que não agradarão a todos. Veja-se aquele despacho do
Governo anterior que foi muito contestado [da reforma da rede hospitalar, que
implicava o fecho de vários serviços e desencadeou grande polémica]. É um
diploma que faz uma reforma estrutural, mas está no papel, nada aconteceu,
penso que funcionou apenas para a&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;font-family: &#39;trebuchet ms&#39;, sans-serif; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;troika&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;. Temos que pegar nisso e
discutir com cada hospital, o que poderá também levar à redução da despesa.
Poderá implicar fecho de serviços e abertura noutros locais. Como prioridades,
temos a oncologia e a rede cardiovascular.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;- Mas vai
ou não haver encerramento dasurgências&amp;nbsp;e blocos de partos, como no tempo do professor
Correia de Campos? Ele foi muito contestado por isso.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Tanto tinha razão que o que ele fechou não se voltou a abrir. As pessoas
reconhecem que a mudança foi para melhor. São reformas que na altura podem ser
polémicas mas depois acabam por ter reconhecidas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;- O que vão
fazer para diminuir os tempos de espera?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;No dia 1 de Fevereiro deve ser apresentado o novo portal do SNS, com dados
clínicos (como tempos de espera) e dados económicos. O médico de família,&amp;nbsp;
quando for marcar consulta, poderá ver com o doente se tem uma consulta de
dermatologia daqui a um mês numa instituição hospitalar, ou daqui a três meses
noutra, de forma a escolherem a que sirva melhor o interesse do utente e o
financiamento acompanhará o processo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;- Querem,
portanto, transpor para o SNS a ideia de que o doente é um cliente e a ideia da
liberdade de escolha?´&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Sim, temos de aproveitar a capacidade do SNS. A nossa diferença [em relação ao
Governo anterior] é que queremos liberdade de escolha mas dentro do SNS,
enquanto antes se pretendia privilegiar os sectores privado e social. A nossa
estratégia poderá levar a que uma parte do dinheiro gasto actualmente com
convencionados, e esta despesa andará no total por volta dos 800 milhões de
euros, fique no SNS. Há áreas em que o SNS tem capacidade de aumentar em muito
a sua resposta.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;- Todas
estas ideias implicam um aumento da despesa. Como está ó défice e a dívida do
SNS?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Isso será anunciado na próxima semana.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;- O
professor Correia de Campos chegou a dizer que a dívida deverá ascender a 1,5
mil milhões de euros.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;O que posso dizer é que os números que encontrámos no final de 2015 mostram não
o “milagre” de que falava o anterior Governo, mas valores longe do que tinha
sido previsto e orçamentado. O défice da saúde é muito superior ao que tem sido
divulgado, disparou. A estabilidade económica tão propalada não corresponde à
realidade.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;- Por que
razão é que decidiram travar o processo de entrega de hospitais às
misericórdias?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;As misericórdias têm uma história antiga com o SNS que queremos preservar. Nos
casos dos hospitais de Santo Tirso e de São João da Madeira, o que não
encontramos foi justificação da necessidade efectiva da transferência. A
segunda questão é que o preço de cada acto contratualizado foi o mesmo,
portanto, como é que resulta em menos 25% da despesa? Apenas devido à redução
dos actos. Quando entramos em funções, verificamos que os acordos tinham sido
homologados já com o Governo em gestão, sem nenhuma justificação. Consideramos,
pois, que esta é uma decisão nula.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;- E os
outros três casos dos hospitais que já foram transferidos?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Decidimos, com a União das Misericórdias, que nestes três casos vamos activar a
comissão de acompanhamento prevista, mas que ainda não tinha funcionado, e
vamos avaliar de forma transparente o que foi realizado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;- O caso do
Centro de Reabilitação de Gaia, que foi entregue à Misericórdia do&amp;nbsp; Porto,
como vai ficar?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Vamos abrir um concurso público, que era o que estava previsto.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000;&quot;&gt;JP, 23.01.16&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/1558373454805237183'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/1558373454805237183'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://apontamentos.blogspot.com/2016/01/fernando-araojo-entrevista.html' title='Fernando Araújo, entrevista'/><author><name>victor</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14764343066231484956</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7735125.post-2932878841498673461</id><published>2016-01-17T14:26:00.000+00:00</published><updated>2016-01-23T16:33:08.126+00:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ACF"/><title type='text'>Há um fantasma ...</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;Default&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #bf9000;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Que continua a
esvoaçar no Ministério da Saúde &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Default&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Ao longo dos anos as situações
contraditórias a nível das políticas governamentais de saúde têm-se sucedido,
assumindo muitas vezes formas inesperadas e até surpreendentes. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Default&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;As organizações dos
profissionais de saúde, apesar das adversidades dos processos políticos e das
medidas altamente lesivas dos interesses laborais, têm conseguido, nos aspectos
essenciais, enfrentar com determinação essas políticas e esses círculos de
interesses que acabam sempre por se adaptar às novas situações e aos novos
actores do Poder político. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Default&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Depois de 4 anos de obsessão
privatizadora e neoliberal por parte do anterior governo, onde as políticas
sociais foram erigidas como inimigos a abater e em que o Estado Social foi
duramente golpeado, esperava-se que o novo ciclo político e governativo abrisse
uma janela de esperança e se apresentasse, de forma decidida, para romper com
as anteriores políticas e com os anteriores actores, designadamente na área da
Saúde. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Default&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;A escolha do actual titular
ministerial desta área mereceu da minha parte um comentário público num jornal
diário, considerando-a uma opção infeliz, tanto mais que o actual governo se
apresentou como de esquerda e em ruptura com o passado governativo imediatamente
anterior. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Default&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Embora tenha sublinhado que a
minha opinião era de carácter exclusivamente pessoal e de a própria notícia ter
até salvaguardado esse aspecto, surge sempre alguém a considerar que sendo eu
um dirigente sindical é sempre difícil evitar que as declarações pessoais não
possam comprometer a organização sindical de que se é dirigente e que é sempre
difícil separar as opiniões pessoais das de dirigente. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Default&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;É óbvio que um cidadão por ser
dirigente sindical não passa a estar impedido de emitir as suas opiniões
pessoais, relegado para uma cidadania de 2ª classe e a não poder exercer o
livre pensamento e crítica. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Default&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Ao contrário daquilo que
durante vários anos foi apregoado à falta de outros argumentos credíveis, a
FNAM sempre foi uma organização plural com diversas sensibilidades e uma firme
adversária do pensamento único. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Default&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Independentemente das posições
que os órgãos dirigentes da FNAM tomarem, nunca aceitarei estar inibido em
expressar livremente as minhas opiniões. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Default&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;É neste contexto que não posso
deixar de abordar o recente discurso do Secretário de Estado Adjunto da Saúde,
Dr. Fernando Araújo, efectuado em 16/12/2015, na apresentação pública de 3
coordenadores para a reforma do SNS. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O discurso, não sendo extenso, contem diversas abordagens
habituais em quase todos os conteúdos programáticos de grande parte dos
governos, possui ideias genéricas sobre problemas há muito identificados e até
quantificados, mas existe um parágrafo que pela sua enorme gravidade
político-ideológica merece a elaboração deste artigo de opinião.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Default&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Ora, o referido parágrafo,
referindo uma das propostas ministeriais, diz o seguinte: &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;“Um Sistema
Integrado de Gestão do Acesso, que facilite o acesso e a liberdade de escolha
dos utentes no Serviço Nacional de Saúde, nomeadamente no que diz respeito a
áreas onde a espera ainda é significativa, criando e estimulando um mercado
interno no Serviço Nacional de Saúde“.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Default&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Lendo isto, a surpresa é total,
desde logo por ter sido proferido pelo referido secretário de estado que eu não
julgava rendido a este tipo de ideologia e, por outro lado, porque há largos
anos que não havia uma equipa ministerial da saúde que se apresentasse, sem
subterfúgios, numa lógica de recuperação político-ideológica da tralha dos
conceitos neoliberais mais fundamentalistas e radicais que foram desenvolvidos
durante a década de 1980 por Margareth Thatcher, na Grã-Bretanha, para
desencadear a destruição do respectivo Serviço Nacional de Saúde (NHS). &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Default&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Em 1989, o governo conservador
de Margaret Thatcher apresentou um documento orientador da reforma do sistema
de saúde com o título “Trabalhando para os doentes”. Este documento tornou-se
mais conhecido pela designação de “White Paper”. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Default&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Nas suas considerações gerais,
era afirmado que ele visava: o “fortalecimento do NHS”; “colocar o doente acima
de qualquer interesse”; “o governo mantém e não mudará os princípios sobre os
quais o NHS foi erigido”; o “NHS continuará aberto a todos e financiado pelas
contribuições fiscais”; e que “cada vez mais gente se dá conta de que nova
injecção de mais dinheiro não é, por si só, uma resposta”. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Default&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Como objectivos gerais foram
colocados os seguintes: “oferecer aos doentes, independentemente do seu lugar
de residência, melhores cuidados de saúde e maior possibilidade de escolha dos
serviços disponíveis”; “gerar maior satisfação e incentivos para os
profissionais do NHS que demonstrem responder satisfatoriamente às necessidades
e preferências dos doentes a seu cargo”. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Default&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Para permitir que os hospitais
que prestassem melhores serviços aos seus utentes tivessem acesso aos
investimentos financeiros de que necessitavam, o dinheiro para tratarem os
doentes poderia “cruzar” as então fronteiras administrativas entre os
distritos. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Default&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Nesse sentido, todos os
hospitais do NHS seriam livres de oferecer os seus serviços tanto ao sector
público como ao privado. Deste modo, o dinheiro acederia, diziam eles, com
maior fluidez onde fosse prestada a actividade assistencial e onde ela se
realizasse melhor (estas disposições definem o principio do “dinheiro que segue
o doente”). &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Default&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Entretanto, foram criados os
chamados orçamentos para os “group practices”,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;justificados como uma forma de
ajudar os médicos clínicos gerais a melhorarem a prestação de serviços aos seus
utentes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Os médicos clínicos gerais poderiam solicitar os seus
orçamentos ao NHS, que seriam por si administrados para comprarem directamente
aos hospitais que entendessem um pacote definido de serviços hospitalares para
os seus utentes.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Default&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O conceito nuclear deste “White
Paper” foi a separação das funções de prestador e financiador, nomeadamente
através da separação dos hospitais que prestam os serviços e das autoridades de
saúde e os clínicos gerais que lhes compravam esses serviços. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Default&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Em torno desta medida, foi
também argumentado que se os papéis estivessem separados, as agências
financiadoras teriam a possibilidade de efectuar um exame mais cuidadoso das
prioridades e necessidades dos doentes e das populações, e uma avaliação mais
cuidadosa e independente. Libertas das pressões imediatas de gerir hospitais e
das pressões políticas de interesses de grupos profissionais de saúde, poderiam
ser efectuadas avaliações mais críticas e tomadas decisões mais racionais. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Default&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Deste modo, e ainda segundo os
argumentos oficiais, as agências fornecedoras poderiam ficar aptas para
competirem umas com as outras pelos negócios das agências
financiadoras/compradoras. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Default&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;No essencial, a separação entre
compra e prestação era parte do modelo de reforma assente no “mercado interno”
necessário para introduzir a atribuição de recursos baseada na competição entre
prestadores e formalizado através de contratos, em que essa atribuição estaria
ligada, cada vez mais, ao volume de actividade e aos custos e menos aos gastos
históricos . &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Default&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O White Paper integrou todas as
concepções politicas e ideológicas da chamada “competição gerida” que é outro
dos chavões neoliberais da política privatizadora na saúde, num processo de
importação do modelo dos EUA. Aliás, é por demais elucidativo que o ideólogo da
competição gerida, o americano Alain Enthoven, intimamente ligado aos
interesses das HMO´s, tenha sido o responsável directo pela elaboração e
implementação do White Paper, acompanhado por uma numerosa equipa de largas
dezenas colaboradores do seu país. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Default&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;As questões que acabo de
referir não são meras análises especulativas, mas trata-se da enumeração de
factos concretos da conhecida e dramática situação de destruição do NHS
britânico ao longo das últimas décadas. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Default&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Como vimos, todos os argumentos
publicitários para procurar dissimular os verdadeiros objectivos destruidores
do NHS por Thatcher e evitar uma imediata contestação da respectiva opinião
pública, começavam logo por afirmar de forma altissonante que o seu governo
iria manter e não mudaria os princípios sobre os quais o NHS tinha sido erigido
e passados poucos anos a “demolição” furiosa desse mesmo NHS tinha sido
desencadeada, atingindo os seus aspectos mais basilares. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Default&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Também por cá, os inimigos do
Serviço Nacional de Saúde vão soletrando abundantemente a sigla SNS para melhor
dissimular o seus objectivos inconfessáveis de o esvaziarem e finalmente
decretarem o seu óbito. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O que é chocante é que um governo que se tornou possível por
um largo entendimento entre as várias componentes da esquerda portuguesa venha
recuperar ao fim de três décadas um conjunto de conceitos e um modelo que foram
responsáveis por uma acção ideológica e de múltiplas medidas políticas que
conduziram ao desastre aquele que foi durante largo tempo considerado
internacionalmente como o melhor serviço público de saúde e dotado dos melhores
indicadores.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Default&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Vir falar da livre escolha dos
doentes em abstracto e da criação do famigerado “mercado interno” é desde logo
uma garantia de que o SNS continuará a ser fustigado por políticas adversas e
que as perspectivas que começam a vislumbrar-se só podem causar a mais viva
inquietação aqueles que têm dedicado a sua intervenção cívica na defesa
dinâmica deste insubstituível direito constitucional. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Default&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;É que a defesa dinâmica do SNS
não é defender tudo o que está e como está, mas introduzir mecanismos concretos
e articulados para redinamizar a sua função social e humanista, encontrando
respostas sempre novas aos contínuos problemas novos que o vão desafiando na
sua missão civilizacional e de contributo para a coesão social. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Default&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Não será difícil adivinhar que
o “fantasma” da Thatcher que alguns governos anteriores, a começar pelo último,
tanto idolatraram conduzirá a muitos resultados possíveis, mas há um que
seguramente não visa assegurar: a defesa e a revitalização do SNS como
instrumento do direito geral, universal e tendencialmente gratuito à Saúde. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Default&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Resta saber como reagirão os
partidos e as organizações sociais à esquerda do actual governo, sendo certo
que com a existência já deste cartão de visita numa das áreas sociais mais
emblemáticas da nossa vida quotidiana não lhes será fácil coabitarem com a
negação das suas propostas na área da Saúde. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Default&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O “fantasma” neoliberal
continua a assombrar os corredores da Avª João Crisóstomo ? &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;Default&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Mário Jorge Neves,&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;trebuchet ms&amp;quot; , sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Médico e dirigente sindical&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/2932878841498673461'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/2932878841498673461'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://apontamentos.blogspot.com/2016/01/ha-um-fantasma.html' title='Há um fantasma ...'/><author><name>victor</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14764343066231484956</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7735125.post-7428368263171964090</id><published>2014-07-28T22:59:00.002+01:00</published><updated>2014-07-28T23:14:23.994+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Health-care expenditure</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #B2B2B2 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #B2B2B2 .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 4.0pt 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;h1 class=&quot;ja50-ce-title&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 1.25em; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;and health policy in the USA versus other OECD countries&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;border: none; line-height: 18pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The Lancet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Verdana, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #38761d;&quot;&gt;01 July 2014&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;border: none; line-height: 18pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;Summary&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;
has exceptional levels of health-care expenditure, but growth has slowed
dramatically in recent years, amidst major efforts to close the coverage gap
with other countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Development (OECD). We reviewed expenditure trends and key policies since 2000
in the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;
and five other high-spending OECD countries. Higher health-sector prices
explain much of the difference between the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; and other high-spending
countries, and price dynamics are largely responsible for the slowdown in
expenditure growth. Other high-spending countries did not face the same
coverage challenges, and could draw from a broader set of policies to keep
expenditure under control, but expenditure growth was similar to the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;. Tightening
Medicare and Medicaid price controls on plans and providers, and leveraging the
scale of the public programmes to increase efficiency in financing and care
delivery, might prevent a future economic recovery from offsetting the slowdown
in health sector prices and expenditure growth.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;This is the fifth in a &lt;strong&gt;Series&lt;/strong&gt; of five papers about the
health of Americans&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #B2B2B2 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #B2B2B2 .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 4.0pt 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;border: none; line-height: 18pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;Introduction&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;With a health expenditure per person of US$7212 in
2011, the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;
outspends all other countries by a wide margin. In this Series paper, we review
trends in health expenditure since 2000 in the USA and the five countries of
the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) with the
highest health expenditure as a proportion of gross domestic product (GDP):
Canada, France, Germany, the Netherlands, and Switzerland (hereafter referred
to as “other high-spending countries”). Additionally, we analyse a selection of
national health policies that contributed in a substantial way to shaping those
trends, particularly after the economic recession started in 2008. The
health-care systems of the countries examined have diverse sets of insurance
organisational structures and regulation of the health-care system, as well as
hospital and doctor payment systems. Contributions to health financing schemes
have been mostly voluntary so far in the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;, but are compulsory in all
other high-spending countries. This diversity makes comparisons somewhat
challenging, but it provides an opportunity to assess how different types of
health-care systems have responded to the economic downturn.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The analyses reported in this Series paper rely on
OECD&#39;s System of Health Accounts (SHA) data,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib1&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib1#bib1&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; which provide a systematic account of
financial flows through health systems, showing where money comes from, who
manages it, and how it is used. The 2013 release of OECD Health Data, in which
the latest SHA expenditure data were for 2011, was used in the analyses. A new
release, including expenditure data up to 2012, occurred at the same time as
the publication of this paper. Preliminary analyses of the newly released data
lend further support to the results of analyses we present. For the purpose of
making comparisons over time and across countries, we adjusted data for
inflation on the basis of general (economy-wide) price indexes,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib2&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib2#bib2&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; although some of the comparisons in
this paper are based on price levels specific to each country&#39;s health sector,
which will become more widely available in the future.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib3&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib3#bib3&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Finally, even if much policy attention
has been drawn to the large and persistent geographical variation in
health-care expenditure,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib4&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib4#bib4&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;4—6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; we focused our analysis at country
level. The use of more granular data would have made international comparisons
difficult,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib7&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib7#bib7&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; although we acknowledge that analyses
at a lower geographical level might provide additional information about the
possible causes of the trends observed. Data from OECD collections were
complemented by national sources and publications.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #B2B2B2 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #B2B2B2 .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 4.0pt 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;border: none; line-height: 18pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;Health expenditure levels&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;
has the highest total and public health expenditure per person, and share of
GDP spent on health care, of the countries examined. However, it has the lowest
public share of health expenditure, albeit increasing over time, providing
coverage for less than a third of the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;US&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; population (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-tbl1&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#tbl1#tbl1&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;table&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;).
Out-of-pocket (OOP) health expenditure per person is higher than in other
high-spending countries (except &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Switzerland&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;).
The OOP share of health expenditure has been decreasing, although a larger
proportion of the population than in comparator countries, at all income
levels, reported OOP expenses in excess of US$1000 in 2010&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 8.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib8#bib8&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;8&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr3o04232FB7YDfbQY-hY7VDHKPrA_r62DGhIRggchvACyqcdFMm4P-NMLKUCfP_sLCIq4OHTD3NB-Ml9NiI5Ut22XUuAKNVjMEkBK2WFnw8L31iE6qtgdLEu7_JA4viJ9PsUY/s1600/PIIS0140673614605717.si1.gif&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr3o04232FB7YDfbQY-hY7VDHKPrA_r62DGhIRggchvACyqcdFMm4P-NMLKUCfP_sLCIq4OHTD3NB-Ml9NiI5Ut22XUuAKNVjMEkBK2WFnw8L31iE6qtgdLEu7_JA4viJ9PsUY/s1600/PIIS0140673614605717.si1.gif&quot; height=&quot;640&quot; width=&quot;572&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(244, 244, 244); line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;Table&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;fig-link-span1&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140673614605717/table?tableid=tbl1&amp;amp;tableidtype=table_id&amp;amp;sectionType=green&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;Opens in a new browser window&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;Table image&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #00703b; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape
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 target=&quot;_blank&quot; title=&quot;&quot;Opens in a new browser window&quot;&quot; style=&#39;width:.75pt;
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  o:href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/images/clear.gif&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Opens in a new browser window&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;1&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/xavier/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.gif&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_i1025&quot; width=&quot;1&quot; /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(244, 244, 244); line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;Health expenditure in six countries of
the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(238, 238, 238); line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Key
messages&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(238, 238, 238); color: #404040; line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;The &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; ranks
     first in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)
     for health-care expenditure, but last for coverage&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(238, 238, 238); color: #404040; line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;Health price levels
     contribute the most to explaining the higher spending in the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;, and
     recent price dynamics largely explain declines in health expenditure
     growth&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(238, 238, 238); color: #404040; line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;During the period
     examined in this paper (2000—11), the USA prevented a substantial increase
     in the numbers of uninsured people from the economic downturn and
     population growth; at the same time, health-care expenditure growth rates
     fell in line with those of other high-spending OECD countries&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(238, 238, 238); color: #404040; line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;High and increasing
     rates of generic drug use, an important shift from inpatient to outpatient
     hospital care, along with some effective price control measures on plans
     and providers by Medicare and Medicaid, were some of the key factors
     responsible for the slowdown in health-care expenditure growth in the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(238, 238, 238); color: #404040; line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;Further scope exists
     for improvement, particularly in controlling the main driver of higher
     health-care expenditure in the USA (ie, health sector prices); the risk
     that a future sustained economic recovery, and the probable general price
     increases that would come with it, might offset the gains made in recent
     years is real, and should be anticipated&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The higher health spending reported in the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; is not
simply a result of the country&#39;s greater wealth or of the age structure of its
population. Even the larger prevalence of risk factors—including
obesity—explains only a small part of the reported differences.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib9#bib9&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b;&quot;&gt;9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; OECD Health Care Quality Indicators
show that the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;US&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;
health-care system is doing well in several areas (eg, cancer care), but less
well in others (particularly the primary care sector).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib10&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib10#bib10&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Overall, the quality of the care
provided does not seem to explain the higher health expenditure in the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib9&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib9#bib9&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;,
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib11&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib11#bib11&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;OECD work on comparative price levels in health
suggests that the prices, rather than volumes, of health services contribute
the most to explaining the higher &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;US&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; spending, in line with the
conclusions of scholarly work.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib12&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib12#bib12&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;12&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;,
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib13&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib13#bib13&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;13&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
In the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;, health sector
price levels are higher than in other high-spending countries (except &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Switzerland&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;),
whereas economy-wide price levels are the lowest. This finding means that a
large part of the differences reported in health expenditure per person between
the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;
and other high-spending countries can be explained by differences in health
sector price levels. When accounting for such differences, the gap between the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; and other
countries is substantially smaller than in comparisons adjusted for differences
in general price levels (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-fig1&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#fig1#fig1&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;figure 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;).
The latter are far more common, since health sector price indexes are not
widely available for international comparisons.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib14#bib14&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #00703b;&quot;&gt;14&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;,
&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #00703b;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib15#bib15&quot;&gt;15&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxu2cAOVD8o-m_0Mjhe1d5Rl72w1AQudfF7zxsaIULIoxhDJFkbcJHgxZRpiFK4m5HvgRVN-LadBAP-gwmwMYaUThC2_6luJASEK7VId0EphYlDFyKNd3N3GX3ch-9kBgraXqx/s1600/PIIS0140673614605717.gr1.lrg.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjxu2cAOVD8o-m_0Mjhe1d5Rl72w1AQudfF7zxsaIULIoxhDJFkbcJHgxZRpiFK4m5HvgRVN-LadBAP-gwmwMYaUThC2_6luJASEK7VId0EphYlDFyKNd3N3GX3ch-9kBgraXqx/s1600/PIIS0140673614605717.gr1.lrg.jpg&quot; height=&quot;323&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(244, 244, 244); line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(244, 244, 244); line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(244, 244, 244); line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;Figure 1&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(244, 244, 244); line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Health expenditure per person as a
proportion of &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;US&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;
expenditure, 2011&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(244, 244, 244); line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Values were estimated using general
price levels and health-specific price levels (&lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;=1). Data are from the
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Health Statistics 2013.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib14#bib14&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b;&quot;&gt;14&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; OECD=Organisation for Economic
Co-operation and Development.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Probable explanations for health price levels
exceeding general price levels in the USA include a more intense use of
health-related technologies,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib16&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib16#bib16&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;16&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;,
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib17&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib17#bib17&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;17&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;
low productivity,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib18&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib18#bib18&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;18—20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; decentralised price negotiations,
fragmentation in the insurance market,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib21&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib21#bib21&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;21—23&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; and a high level of provider
concentration.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib24#bib24&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b;&quot;&gt;24&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib25&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib25#bib25&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;
In a private insurance or provider model—as in the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Netherlands&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;
and &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Switzerland&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; (with
compulsory insurance coverage), and the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; (with voluntary insurance
coverage)—a high amount of choice is combined with weaker cost control. In
particular, the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;—excluding
Medicare—does not use a centralised authority to set health spending budgets or
negotiate prices with providers.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib24&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib24#bib24&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;24&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; A public-contract model&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib26&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib26#bib26&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;26&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;—as in &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Canada&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;,
&lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;France&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;, and &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Germany&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;—gives a
central authority (national government or social insurance administration) more
leverage over health-care providers, generally with lower administrative costs
than multiple-payer systems.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #B2B2B2 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #B2B2B2 .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 4.0pt 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;border: none; line-height: 18pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;Health expenditure trends&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Growth in health expenditure per person declined
sharply in the &lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;
from 2000 to 2011, after adjusting for inflation, and the start of the decline
predates the economic recession.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib27#bib27&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b;&quot;&gt;27&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-fig2&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#fig2#fig2&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;Figure 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; shows yearly growth rates in health
expenditure for the &lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;
and for all comparator countries combined, whereas &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-fig3&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#fig3#fig3&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;figure 3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
shows mean growth rates in individual countries. In the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;, spending
grew more than twice as fast as in comparator countries in the early 2000s, but
growth rates declined rapidly and fell to less than those of comparator countries
after 2007. Preliminary analyses of newly released 2012 data show that &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; and comparator countries had a small rebound
in health-care spending growth, with the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&#39;s spending growing less than
that of comparator countries. However, an equal growth rate still translates
into a larger absolute increase in spending in the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;. Public health expenditure
growth also declined substantially in the aftermath of the economic crisis,
apart from in &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Germany&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;.
Public expenditure grew fastest in the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;, at a mean of more than 4% per
year, mostly due to an increased number of people being covered by public
programmes. Public expenditure per insured person in the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; rose by
about 1%, on average, during the study period.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4q69PwgzbMXRLNHKlCyT2T_z3CxYk5ZZD1bTScxtcdFdbSKciqzYkFUBnllVaVZ0GtYbtN-xTGJIbeZGo5P7errwXCl0TAxFSUS36JkAIl3P3fDe9ySc-IsyZ5Pdo51nmtctA/s1600/PIIS0140673614605717.gr2.lrg.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj4q69PwgzbMXRLNHKlCyT2T_z3CxYk5ZZD1bTScxtcdFdbSKciqzYkFUBnllVaVZ0GtYbtN-xTGJIbeZGo5P7errwXCl0TAxFSUS36JkAIl3P3fDe9ySc-IsyZ5Pdo51nmtctA/s1600/PIIS0140673614605717.gr2.lrg.jpg&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(244, 244, 244); line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(244, 244, 244); line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;Figure 2&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(244, 244, 244); line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Mean health expenditure growth per
person (in real terms) across selected OECD countries, 2002—11&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(244, 244, 244); line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Data are from the Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development Health Statistics 2013.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib14#bib14&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b;&quot;&gt;14&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; *The health expenditure increase
recorded in 2009, affecting all expenditure components (eg, inpatient curative
care, long-term care, and prescription drugs), might be partly the lagged
effect of previous economic growth. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;OECD=Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(244, 244, 244); line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha_N7Vx7PwAmJlWib8V2mdoox42ltFug5sFBL_f3hApPsFN0tU0QfZBN6tMcuYSjNgweCczAEb5i96VNmq0Kds9SHhWLZ9OtRUes_UhsXCtpkgzKrY7gWbrgYMj8Vo5slASOAb/s1600/PIIS0140673614605717.gr3.lrg.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha_N7Vx7PwAmJlWib8V2mdoox42ltFug5sFBL_f3hApPsFN0tU0QfZBN6tMcuYSjNgweCczAEb5i96VNmq0Kds9SHhWLZ9OtRUes_UhsXCtpkgzKrY7gWbrgYMj8Vo5slASOAb/s1600/PIIS0140673614605717.gr3.lrg.jpg&quot; height=&quot;323&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(244, 244, 244); line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(244, 244, 244); line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(244, 244, 244); line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;Figure 3&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(244, 244, 244); line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Mean health expenditure growth per
person (in real terms) across selected OECD countries, 2001—11&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(244, 244, 244); line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;*Due to a break in time series, the
average growth rate relates to 2007—09. Data are from the Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development Health Statistics 2013.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib14#bib14&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b;&quot;&gt;14&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; OECD=Organisation for Economic
Co-operation and Development.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #B2B2B2 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #B2B2B2 .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 4.0pt 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;border: none; line-height: 18pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;Key policy changes in the study period&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;We analysed key policies and policy changes in the &lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;
and other high-spending countries in three areas—coverage, prescription drugs,
and hospital inpatient care—to provide information about the factors and forces
that have driven the reported deceleration in health expenditure.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib28&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib28#bib28&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;28&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Important policy changes have been made
in these areas in recent years, with substantial effects on health expenditure
in the countries of interest. Changes occurred also in other areas (eg,
ambulatory care), not covered in this paper.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Coverage&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;
has the largest proportion of the population without health-care coverage in
the OECD area. The number of people who were uninsured increased dramatically
from 36·6 million to almost 50 million from 2000 to 2010, mainly as a result of
the economic downturn and unprecedented levels of immigration. The statistics
show a 1·3 million drop in 2011, although more data are needed before this
trend reversal can be interpreted as true. Most of the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;US&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; population
is covered by employer-sponsored insurance (ESI) plans (170·1 million in 2011).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib29#bib29&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b;&quot;&gt;29&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; The numbers of ESI beneficiaries
declined by 6·5% between 2000 and 2011, with 11·8 million fewer people covered.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib30&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib30#bib30&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;30&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; However, the public programme Medicaid
typically operates as a buffer at times of recession and growth of
unemployment, absorbing roughly a fifth of those who lose their ESI.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib27&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib27#bib27&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;27&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; A range of US Government policies in
the late 1990s and 2000s have expanded coverage and have contributed to
countering the effects of the economic downturn and international migration.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib31&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib31#bib31&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;31&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Medicaid took on an additional 20
million beneficiaries from 2000 to 2011: a 60% increase. The State Children&#39;s
Health Insurance Program (SCHIP), introduced in 1999 to provide coverage to
children in low-income families, and renewed in 2009 (CHIPRA), progressively
expanded to cover 5·7 million beneficiaries in 2011, contributing decisively to
an overall 93% coverage of children in the USA.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib32&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib32#bib32&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;32&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; The coverage shift from ESI to Medicaid
and SCHIP contributed to a reduction in health expenditure growth, partly due
to a slightly younger age profile of those who gained coverage, relative to
those who lost it, and partly because the average expenditure per non-disabled
child and adult Medicaid beneficiary was 10% lower than that for private health
insurance in 2011, and the average growth rate in expenditure per beneficiary
was 1·8% for Medicaid versus 2·7% for ESI in 2007—11 (OECD estimates are based
on published data&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib29#bib29&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b;&quot;&gt;29&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib33&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib33#bib33&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;33&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;).
States with decreasing revenues and competing priorities were aggressively
containing Medicaid costs,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib34&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib34#bib34&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;34&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; including through a shift to managed
care.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib35&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib35#bib35&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;35&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;In 2009, a federal subsidy was introduced under the
American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, covering 65% of health insurance
premiums for up to 15 months for workers who became unemployed to maintain
their employer-sponsored health insurance (COBRA). The subsidy was offered up
to May, 2010, with $3·7 billion paid out to mostly middle-class beneficiaries.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib36&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib36#bib36&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;36—38&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Further major expansions of coverage arose from the
2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA), which has caused and
still causes much political, legal, and ideological debate in the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;. Although
the most important insurance reforms are scheduled to happen in 2014, the ACA
has already had an effect. Young adults aged 26 years or younger can be covered
by their parents&#39; insurance policies, with over 2 million young adults gaining
coverage through this provision.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib39&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib39#bib39&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;39&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;,
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib40&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib40#bib40&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;40&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
Seven states used the ACA option to expand Medicaid earlier, with visible
effects on coverage.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Coverage issues were addressed in several
high-spending countries during the study period, but to a far lesser extent
than in the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;,
because those countries already had virtually universal coverage. In fact, some
of those countries adopted measures to restrict the scope of their health
coverage as a way to cope with increasingly tight fiscal constraints.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;In Germany, the 2009 Statutory Health Insurance
Competition Strengthening Act made health insurance compulsory for all (less
than 1% were previously uninsured) and required private insurers to offer at
least a basic benefit package, broadly equivalent to the statutory package.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib41&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib41#bib41&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;41&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; 16% of the population are privately
covered for basic health insurance, whereas the rest are covered by the
statutory insurance programme funded through income-related contributions. In
2006, the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Netherlands&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;
introduced a new universal health insurance scheme, replacing a dual system of
public and private insurance. The scheme is partly financed by income-related
payroll contributions into a Health Insurance Fund, and partly by a flat-rate
nominal premium to competing health insurance funds.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib42&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib42#bib42&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;42&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;In Switzerland, individuals purchase health insurance
from competing funds, with means-tested subsidies for lower-income households,
whereas universal coverage is provided in France through different social
health insurance funds, with the main one—Caisse Nationale de l&#39;Assurance Maladie
des Travailleurs Salariés, or CNAMTS—covering about 80% of the population (all
salaried workers and their families, and the unemployed and the poorest fringes
of the population). In &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;France&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;,
the national benefit package is generous in scope, but involves copayments, for
which nearly the entire population (96% in 2010) resorts to complementary
insurance.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;A tax-funded health-care system ensures universal
coverage in &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Canada&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;.
The administration and delivery of health-care services are the responsibility
of each province or territory, according to the Canada Health Act, passed in
1985 and amended several times thereafter. Covered health-care services include
primary health care and care in hospitals.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib43&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib43#bib43&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;43&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Most provincial and territorial
governments fund a range of additional services.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Several measures are used to limit the scope of the
health coverage in high-spending countries. &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Switzerland&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; has a deductible of
CHF300 ($323·92), although people can choose lower premiums and higher
deductibles (up to CHF2500 [$2699]).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib44&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib44#bib44&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;44&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; In the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Netherlands&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;, the current deductible
is EUR€350 (up from €150 in 2009) and, after the crisis, charges for specific
services (eg, in-vitro fertilisation, physiotherapy, and some mental health
services) were introduced or increased and the coverage of care outside the
European Union was removed.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib45#bib45&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b;&quot;&gt;45&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; In &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;France&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;, in 2008—10, private
voluntary health insurance stopped reimbursing new user charges for
prescription drugs, physician visits, and ambulance transport; statutory health
insurance copayments for patients not following agreed medical pathways were
increased and reimbursement rates for specific medicines and medical procedures
were reduced.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib45&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib45#bib45&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;45&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Pharmaceutical expenditure&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Measures to contain expenditure on pharmaceuticals
were introduced and intensified in the aftermath of the crisis. Expenditure
growth rates fell sharply in all six countries, and became negative, with the
exception of &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;France&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;,
between 2009 and 2011 (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-fig4&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#fig4#fig4&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;figure 4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;).
In the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;,
this happened despite a continuing sustained growth in pharmaceutical prices
(4·2% in 2011).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib29#bib29&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b;&quot;&gt;29&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Price levels have been historically
higher in the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;
than in other OECD countries because few barriers to market entry exist after
US Food and Drug Administration approval, and less price regulation occurs.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbcxBHKQA1e6Et0k1h3IzyVwD8HZ8ucK4a66SL5pzcCAZK-z3kpDGVY1BuM3_p8cWSgnQZp9rjPAv0Fa1nvFU6QB9iEnjVeS0jspD-_fyI4RK23oknqiIKyH-tiRJOIRtbbWlA/s1600/PIIS0140673614605717.gr4.lrg.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgbcxBHKQA1e6Et0k1h3IzyVwD8HZ8ucK4a66SL5pzcCAZK-z3kpDGVY1BuM3_p8cWSgnQZp9rjPAv0Fa1nvFU6QB9iEnjVeS0jspD-_fyI4RK23oknqiIKyH-tiRJOIRtbbWlA/s1600/PIIS0140673614605717.gr4.lrg.jpg&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(244, 244, 244); line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(244, 244, 244); line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(244, 244, 244); line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;Figure 4&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(244, 244, 244); line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;Pharmaceutical expenditure per person
(in real terms at 2005 &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;US&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;$
PPP) across selected OECD countries, 2000—11&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(244, 244, 244); line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Data are from the Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development Health Statistics 2013.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib14#bib14&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b;&quot;&gt;14&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; PPP=purchasing power parity.
OECD=Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Medicare Part D, a voluntary outpatient drug benefit
programme, was introduced in 2006, amounting to the largest expansion of
Medicare since its establishment. The programme subsidises participating
private prescription drug plans. Drug prices are established through a
negotiation of rebates between individual plans and drug manufacturers. By law,
central price negotiations are not allowed within Medicare, whereas they are
possible in Medicaid. Rebates negotiated by Part D plans (11·5% on average)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib46&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib46#bib46&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;46&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; were substantially lower than statutory
Medicaid rebates for the same branded drugs (minimum of 15·1%, increased to
23·1% in 2010).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib47&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib47#bib47&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;47&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;,
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib48&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib48#bib48&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;48&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
However, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services is required under the
ACA to establish a “coverage gap discount program”, through which branded drug
manufacturers provide a 50% discount on covered drugs purchased by Medicare
beneficiaries beyond an initial expenditure limit and up to a catastrophic
coverage threshold (a so-called doughnut hole).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib49&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib49#bib49&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;49&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;,
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib50&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib50#bib50&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;50&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The introduction of Part D resulted in a slight
increase in average drug utilisation and a decrease in average OOP
expenditures. Coverage genuinely increased, but many beneficiaries were simply
shifted across different types of insurance (mainly from Medicaid and private
plans). Part D beneficiaries increased from 24·5 million in 2006 to 31·5
million in 2011, and the share of prescription drug expenditure financed by
Medicare increased from 1·9% in 2005 to 24·2% in 2011, whereas the share
financed by Medicaid decreased from 17·7% to 7·2% during the same period.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib51&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib51#bib51&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;51&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Additionally, some evidence suggests
that the increase in coverage offset costs elsewhere in the health system, and
thus potentially decreased spending downstream.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib52&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib52#bib52&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;52&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Average spending per Part D beneficiary grew by 2·1%
from 2007 to 2009, and 0·5% from 2009 to 2011. Growth in pharmaceutical
expenditure by private plans and OOP payments fell even more, to negative
levels, partly because of the shift towards Medicare of several relatively more
expensive elderly patients. An increase in the generic dispensing rate from 61%
to 77% in the 5-year period is probably a major factor in Part D
expenditure-growth decline.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib53#bib53&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b;&quot;&gt;53&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; All insurers continued to encourage the
use of generics through tiered benefit plans offering lower copayments or other
discounts.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib54#bib54&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b;&quot;&gt;54&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Part D plans had less success at
controlling price inflation for branded and innovative drugs, partly due to the
lack of a systematic approach to assessing comparative effectiveness and
cost-effectiveness.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib55&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib55#bib55&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;55&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;,
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib56&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib56#bib56&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;56&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Other high-spending countries were subject to similar
inflationary pressures linked with technological innovation in the
pharmaceutical sector, but not to the pressures generated by expansions of
coverage. Despite this, and despite a broader availability of incisive
cost-control approaches in more centralised systems, the expenditure outcomes
were not substantially different from those reported in the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;. Countries&#39;
efforts to rein in pharmaceutical expenditure focused on lowering prices and
redefining reimbursement rules.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Since 2006, Swiss authorities undertook three waves of
price revisions based on international price benchmarking. In 2010, &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Germany&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;
introduced a price freeze on reimbursable medicines, predicted to generate
savings of up to €2·2 billion.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib57&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib57#bib57&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;57&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Additionally, pharmaceutical companies&#39;
rebates to Sickness Funds were increased from 6% to 16% for
non-reference-priced drugs. In the same year, &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;France&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; capped the prices of
innovative drugs at around €50&amp;nbsp;000 per patient per year.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Several countries implemented reference pricing or
generic price link systems, setting maximum prices or lowering existing ones
for generic products. For instance, several provinces in &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Canada&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; introduced price caps on generics of
between 25% (&lt;st1:state w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Ontario&lt;/st1:state&gt;) and 56% (&lt;st1:state w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Alberta&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:state&gt;) of the prices
of corresponding branded products (originator prices).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib58&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib58#bib58&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;58&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; As of April, 2013, &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Canada&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&#39;s
provinces and territories capped the prices of six widely prescribed generic
drugs at 18% of their branded equivalents.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib59&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib59#bib59&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;59&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;France&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; limits the price of generics
to a share of the originator&#39;s price, which increased from 30% in 2003 to 60%
in 2012, and introduced reference pricing in 2003 for various categories of
products. A generic price link has existed also in &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Switzerland&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; since 2008, aimed at
encouraging generic entry into the market.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Financial incentives for consumers using generics were
introduced in &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Switzerland&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;
in 2005. In &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;France&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;,
media campaigns have been used since 2003 to increase confidence in the use of
generics and, in 2006, a 70% generic prescribing target for the 20 most
expensive medications was agreed with pharmacists. In 2009, financial
incentives were introduced for family doctors.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib60&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib60#bib60&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;60&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; In &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Germany&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;, generic provision by
pharmacists was mandated in 2002, unless opposed by the prescriber.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib61&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib61#bib61&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;61&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Canada&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; also probably benefited from
increased generic penetration, despite higher prices for generics.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib62&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib62#bib62&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;62&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Copayments were raised in several countries. In &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;France&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;, a fixed copayment of €0·50 for each
medicine pack (up to €50 per year) was introduced in 2008, whereas &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Switzerland&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;
introduced an increased copayment for branded drugs with cheaper therapeutic
equivalents in 2005. In the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Netherlands&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;,
the insurance deductible applying to all health-care services, including
pharmaceuticals, has escalated since 2009. Two-thirds of the Canadian
population obtain drug coverage through voluntary (except for &lt;st1:state w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Quebec&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:state&gt;) private health insurance plans. Each
drug plan, public or private, defines its own formulary, as well as the types
and levels of copayments.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;In all countries, except &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;France&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;, OOP payments decreased
slightly as a share of total pharmaceutical expenditure in 2000—09. In the
following 2 years, OOP payments increased in &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Canada&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;
(1·7%), &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Germany&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; (1·6%), &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;France&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; (0·9%), and the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Netherlands&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; (0·3%) and decreased in &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Switzerland&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; (−0·7%) and the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; (−1·8%).
Decreases in OOP expenditure might be partly a result of non-adherence to
treatment in high-cost-sharing environments.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib63&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib63#bib63&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;63&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Hospital care&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;On average, hospital care accounts for about 31% of
total health expenditure in comparator countries in 2011, and 33·4% in the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;—twice as
much as prescription drugs. Hospital expenditure growth decreased after 2009,
except in &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Germany&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;
(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-fig5&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#fig5#fig5&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;figure 5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;);
however, it remained positive throughout, and was higher than in other
health-care compartments.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcCyckqt7K_xasAxKpUfNf0UXDCU2ubQMJ8_08cL7m98ExErUm5hZtu98coM5wXprr3A1QWRkoV1OAAIxurEVymnK_gzjg9M_6x4Dn3ppG0gDTEdqvmxNILWbRioNsSJvhM1ON/s1600/PIIS0140673614605717.gr5.lrg.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcCyckqt7K_xasAxKpUfNf0UXDCU2ubQMJ8_08cL7m98ExErUm5hZtu98coM5wXprr3A1QWRkoV1OAAIxurEVymnK_gzjg9M_6x4Dn3ppG0gDTEdqvmxNILWbRioNsSJvhM1ON/s1600/PIIS0140673614605717.gr5.lrg.jpg&quot; height=&quot;324&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(244, 244, 244); line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;Figure 5&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Mean hospital expenditure growth per
person (in real terms) across selected OECD countries, 2004—11&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: rgb(244, 244, 244); line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Data are from the Organisation for
Economic Co-operation and Development Health Statistics 2013.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib14&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib14#bib14&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;14&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; OECD=Organisation for Economic
Co-operation and Development.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;In the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;,
most hospital care expenditure is channelled through public programmes. The
proportion covered by public programmes decreased slightly between 2000 and
2009 and stabilised at 51% thereafter.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib29&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib29#bib29&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;29&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; In the period 2000—09, the growth rate
for private plans was 5·9%. This rate declined to 4·6% in 2010 and 2·1% in
2011, possibly as an early effect of the ACA provisions extending coverage for
young people up to age 26 years.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib54&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib54#bib54&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;54&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Medicare and Medicaid had substantially
lower growth rates (2·2% and 0·6%, respectively, in 2000—09), declining to
negative levels in 2010—11.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib64#bib64&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b;&quot;&gt;64&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Growth in Medicaid was especially low
because of the enrolment of generally healthier, lower-cost children and
adults, and because of provider rate restrictions that have been imposed by
states for the past few years.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Among other factors, a reduction in hospital input
price inflation and wage growth brought about by the recession contributed to a
slower expenditure growth.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib53&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib53#bib53&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;53&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; A progressive shift from inpatient to
outpatient care was a further major factor. In the Medicare programme,
inpatient admissions fell from 214 to 190 per 1000 enrollees between 2000 and
2011, whereas enrollees receiving outpatient care increased from 690 to 742 per
1000 in the same period.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib64&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib64#bib64&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;64&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; These changes probably increased the
average complexity of cases treated on an outpatient basis, with a more rapid
growth of outpatient, relative to inpatient, expenditures per enrollee (7·7% &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt;
2%, respectively, in 2000—09, and 3·6% &lt;i&gt;vs&lt;/i&gt; 0·2% in 2010—11). However, the
net effect was an overall decline in the growth of expenditure for hospital
services. Since 2002, growth in Medicare physician and health professional
payments overshot Sustainable Growth Rate (SGR) targets, calling for cutbacks
in reimbursement rates. Congress regularly deferred cutbacks, providing for no
(in most years), or slight (up to 2·2%), updates in the period 2003—13.
Cutbacks might never be applied, but SGR targets probably contributed to
forestalling excessive cost growth. Medicare physician fees are substantially
lower than those offered by private insurance plans, and further cuts might
deter physicians from offering their services to Medicare patients. The
stagnation in physician fees might also contribute to explaining the increasing
volumes of outpatient activity to substitute for inpatient care.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The hospital sector has been the target of cost
containment strategies based on the setting of budgets and the application of
direct controls on the supply of health care&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib65&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib65#bib65&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;65&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; in other high-spending countries. &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;France&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;, &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Germany&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;,
the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Netherlands&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;, and &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Switzerland&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; moved towards activity-based
hospital payment systems during the study period, whereas &lt;st1:state w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;British
 Columbia&lt;/st1:state&gt;, &lt;st1:state w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Alberta&lt;/st1:state&gt;, and &lt;st1:state w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Ontario&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:state&gt; experimented
with activity-based funding policies, with the aim of increasing volumes for
specific surgical procedures (eg, hip and knee replacement, cataract surgery).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib66&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib66#bib66&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;66&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Some countries adopted global budget
systems, in which fixed payments per hospital (eg, &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Germany&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;)
or for all hospitals (eg, &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Netherlands&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;)
are negotiated for target levels of activity.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;In Germany, funding based on diagnosis-related groups
(DRGs) was introduced in 2003—04, whereby hospitals negotiate yearly contracts
with sickness funds, detailing service volumes and a proportionate reduction in
DRG reimbursement rates applicable if activity exceeds negotiated volumes.
Hospitals are legally required to budget prospectively; however, three of four
hospitals are estimated to not finalise contracts until late in the budget
year,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib67&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib67#bib67&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;67&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; which might make this mechanism for
controlling expenditure less effective than it could be, as shown by higher and
more rapidly rising hospital activity volumes than in comparator countries.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;A hospital payment system based on a
diagnosis-treatment combination system was introduced in the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Netherlands&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; in
2005. A fixed, centrally determined price is set for 30% of diagnosis-treatment
combinations (Part A), with the remaining 70% (Part B) being left to volume and
price negotiations between health insurers and hospitals. Regulated competition
in the hospital sector led to a concentrated market of general hospitals and
proliferation of private clinics, often affiliated with hospitals and financed
only through Part B.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib68&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib68#bib68&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;68&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; To limit the effect on expenditure of
the volume increase resulting from the above changes, a global budget was set
across the entire hospital sector, whereby if hospital expenditure increased by
more than 2·5%, excess expenditure would be clawed back according to turnover.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;A DRG-based prospective reimbursement scheme for
inpatient hospital care was introduced in &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Switzerland&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; in 2012. DRG-cost
weights are applied throughout &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Switzerland&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;,
whereas the base rate (price) is negotiated between hospitals and insurance
companies and validated by cantons (the member states of the federal state of &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Switzerland&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;). A
DRG system is also used as the basis of hospital payments in &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;France&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; since
2004—05. The overall financing of the hospital sector occurs within a global
budgetary envelope for health (and hospitals as a subcomponent) set every year
by the government to limit the expenditure of health insurance funds.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Prospective payment systems were exported from the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; to several of the comparator countries, but
the &lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;
can now learn from the experience of later adopters.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib69&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib69#bib69&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;69&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; For instance, in the later-adopting
countries, DRGs typically include physician fees (unlike in the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;), and prices are mostly set centrally, with
more opportunities for expenditure control than in parts of the &lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;US&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;
health-care system (typically private plans).&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #B2B2B2 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #B2B2B2 .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 4.0pt 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;border: none; line-height: 18pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;Discussion&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;
ranks first in the OECD for health-care expenditure, but last for coverage.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib10#bib10&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; Since 2000, the country made major
progress in coverage (with more to come as the ACA takes full effect). At the
same time, health expenditure growth was kept in line with other high-spending
OECD countries, partly an effect of government policies, partly of market
forces. A retrenchment, rather than expansion, of coverage was on other high-spending
countries&#39; policy agendas, as they faced the grim consequences of a severe
economic recession and fiscal crisis, with accumulating public debt. Many
countries cut their health-care budgets, applied strict cost-control measures,
froze salaries and drug prices, cut any possible fringes off their benefit
packages, and increased copayments. The effect was an unprecedented zero growth
in health-care expenditure in the OECD area in 2010—11. Expenditure kept
growing in the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;,
in line with other high-spending countries, even in 2010—11, albeit at a
reduced rate.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Higher health sector prices explain much of the
difference between the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;
and other high-spending countries. And price dynamics explain, to a large
extent, how the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;
managed to contain health-care expenditure growth at levels similar to those of
other countries. No conclusive evidence exists as to what parts of the slowdown
in expenditure growth in the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;
might be attributed to the economic cycle and to structural changes. However,
the slowdown began well before the economic downturn, and continued throughout
the economic recovery.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib70&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib70#bib70&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;70—73&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; This slowdown was paralleled, and at
least partly caused, by a small but important reduction in health sector price
inflation rates, which declined from 3% in 2000 to 2·8% in 2009 and 2·1% in
2011, eventually closing the gap with general price inflation.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;We examined three key areas of health policy and
assessed recent changes that are likely to have contributed to health
expenditure and coverage trends in the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; and other high-spending OECD
countries. A sustained decline in the numbers of people covered by ESI was
partly offset by a substantial expansion in coverage through the main public
programmes, particularly Medicaid/SCHIP, and by other measures described. The
increasing trend in the numbers of uninsured people was finally reversed in
2011, with a 1·3 million drop, and with the expectation of further major
reductions after the full implementation of ACA,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib74&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib74#bib74&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;74&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; whereas high-spending countries mostly
adopted measures to adjust aspects of their universal coverage to meet
increasing fiscal constraints.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Pharmaceutical expenditure growth declined to similar
extents in the countries examined, contributing to overall declines in
health-care expenditure growth. The containment of pharmaceutical expenditure
was especially challenging in the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;, because an important expansion
of coverage occurred during the study period with the introduction of Medicare
Part D. A high rate of generic drug penetration, along with copayments and
deductibles, helped to control expenditure growth. Additionally, comparator
countries were able to use a broader range of central measures to keep
expenditure growth under control, including reference pricing systems, tight
price negotiations with manufacturers, and price freezes.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Expenditure on hospital services grew more than other
categories of health-care expenditure, although rates declined steadily over
the study period in all of the countries examined. An important shift from
inpatient to outpatient hospital care contributed to such decline in the USA,
where a slowdown in price inflation for hospital inputs and a reduced or no
growth in physician reimbursement rates were additional strong contributors.
Several of the other high-spending countries examined introduced prospective
payment systems (long after the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;),
along with volume negotiations and global budgets. Despite some possible
initial inefficiencies (eg, an increase in admissions in &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Germany&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;,
possibly due to late volume negotiations), these policies contributed to
decreasing rates of inpatient expenditure growth.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;
is an outlier in the scenery of OECD health-care systems, for its staggering
levels of expenditure, the extent of fragmentation of its system and the sheer
complexity of its administration, the power of vested interests, and the large
number of people left without adequate health insurance coverage. However,
during the period examined in this paper, characterised by a long and severe
recession with a fluctuating economy and employment rates, differences in
growth rates between the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;
and other high-spending countries were substantially reduced. Great efforts
have been made to sustain coverage and lift the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; from the bottom of the OECD
coverage league table. Efforts have also been made to contain further growth in
health-care expenditure, with rates falling in line with those of other
high-spending OECD countries. This progress is no reason for complacency, and
more and bigger efforts are needed in the years to come, particularly in
controlling the main driver of higher health-care expenditure in the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;—ie, health
sector prices. The risk that a future sustained economic recovery, and the
probable general price increases that would come with it, might offset the gains
made in recent years is real and should be anticipated. Medicare and Medicaid
price controls on plans and providers, such as adjustments in payments to
Medicare Advantage managed care plans,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib54#bib54&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b;&quot;&gt;54&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; or DRG base rate adjustments to account
for expected productivity growth in the general economy,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib75&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib75#bib75&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;75&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; could be tightened further and
extended, particularly for pharmaceutical products and physician fees, without
resorting to measures affecting service use, which would restrict choice or
coverage. More daring measures could be used in the hospital sector, such as
all-payer fees negotiated at state level (eg, Maryland&#39;s Health Service Cost
Review Commission),&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib76&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib76#bib76&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;76&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; global budgets,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib77&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib77#bib77&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;77—80&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; and reference prices,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib81#bib81&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b;&quot;&gt;81&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; although these would involve major
changes in the US health-care market approach. Examples of effective measures
are available from other countries, which might bring the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; further in line, in terms of both
health-care expenditure and coverage, notwithstanding the relatively smaller
effect of policy changes in the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;USA&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;,
in view of the different relation between insurance or financing and delivery
systems. Changes gradually introduced towards the end of the study period,
which will probably affect expenditure growth in the future, include bundled
payments,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib82&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib82#bib82&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;82&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; reference prices for hospital care,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib81&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib81#bib81&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;81&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; and the introduction of Accountable
Care Organisations to realign provider incentives, with a potential for quality
improvement, in addition to cost containment.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib83&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib83#bib83&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;83&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt; However, more evidence is needed about
the complex causal pathways that link health-care expenditure and use with
health outcomes, to avoid possible detrimental effects on population health
from tightened controls on health-care expenditure.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib9#bib9&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b;&quot;&gt;9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;back-bib84&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#bib84#bib84&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-sup&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;84&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;Contributors&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;LL and FS conceived the study. LL and AB retrieved the
data and did the analyses. All authors contributed to the interpretation of
findings and to the writing of the paper.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;Declaration of interests&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;We declare no competing interests. The opinions expressed
in the paper are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily
reflect those of the OECD or its member countries.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;Acknowledgments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;The authors would like to thank Robin Osborne and
Cathy Schoen from The Commonwealth Fund, Ankit Kumar and Divya Srivastava from
the OECD Health Division, and three anonymous referees for their comments on an
early version of this manuscript.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #B2B2B2 1.0pt; border: none; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #B2B2B2 .75pt; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 0cm 0cm 4.0pt 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;border: none; line-height: 18pt; padding: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 15.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;References&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib1#back-bib1&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-collaboration&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Organisation
for Economic Co-operation and Development&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;A system of health accounts&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:city w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;Paris&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;: OECD Publishing, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2000&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib2#back-bib2&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Morgan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Astolfi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;R&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;Health spending growth at zero. Which countries, which
sectors are more affected? OECD Health Working Papers number 60&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:city w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;Paris&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;: OECD Publishing, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib3#back-bib3&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-collaboration&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Eurostat
and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;Eurostat-OECD methodological manual
on purchasing power parities&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;Luxembourg&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;: Publications Office of the European Union, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib4#back-bib4&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-collaboration&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Medicare
Payment Advisory Commission&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Report
to the Congress: regional variation in medical service use—January 2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.medpac.gov/documents/Jan11_RegionalVariation_report.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;http://www.medpac.gov/documents/Jan11_RegionalVariation_report.pdf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-comment&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;(accessed
July 1, 2013). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib5#back-bib5&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Zhang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Y&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Baik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;SH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Fendrick&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;AM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Baicker&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;K&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Comparing local and regional variation
in health care spending&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;N Engl J Med&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-volume-nr&quot;&gt;367&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-pages&quot;&gt;1724-1731&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&amp;amp;cmd=Search&amp;amp;term=N%20Engl%20J%20Med%5bJour%5d+AND+367%5bVolume%5d+AND+1724%5bpage%5d&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;PubMed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib6#back-bib6&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-collaboration&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Institute
of Medicine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Variation in health care spending.
Target decision making, not geography (2013)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=18393&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;http://www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=18393&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-comment&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;(accessed
July 29, 2013). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib7#back-bib7&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Forde&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;I&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Morgan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:city w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Klazinga&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:state w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;NS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:state&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Resolving the challenges in the international
comparison of health systems: the must do&#39;s and the trade-offs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Health Policy&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-volume-nr&quot;&gt;112&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-pages&quot;&gt;4-8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&amp;amp;cmd=Search&amp;amp;term=Health%20Policy%5bJour%5d+AND+112%5bVolume%5d+AND+4%5bpage%5d&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;PubMed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib8#back-bib8&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Schoen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Osborn&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;R&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Squires&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Doty&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;MM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Pierson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;R&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Applebaum&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;S&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;How health insurance design affects
access to care and costs, by income, in eleven countries&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Health Aff (Millwood)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-volume-nr&quot;&gt;29&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-pages&quot;&gt;2323-2334&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&amp;amp;cmd=Search&amp;amp;term=Health%20Aff%20(Millwood)%5bJour%5d+AND+29%5bVolume%5d+AND+2323%5bpage%5d&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;PubMed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib9#back-bib9&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-collaboration&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;National
Research Council and &lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:placetype w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Institute&lt;/st1:placetype&gt;
 of &lt;st1:placename w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Medicine&lt;/st1:placename&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;U.S.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt; health in international perspective: shorter lives,
poorer health&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:city w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;Washington&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;, &lt;st1:state w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;DC&lt;/st1:state&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;: The National Academies Press, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib10#back-bib10&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-collaboration&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Organisation
for Economic Co-operation and Development&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;Health at a glance&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:city w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;Paris&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;: OECD Publishing, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib11#back-bib11&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;11&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Docteur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Berenson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;RA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;How does the quality of &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;U.S.&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; health
care compare internationally? Timely analysis of immediate health policy
issues, August 2009&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.urban.org/uploadedpdf/411947_ushealthcare_quality.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;http://www.urban.org/uploadedpdf/411947_ushealthcare_quality.pdf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-comment&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;(accessed
July 29, 2013). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib12#back-bib12&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;12&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;st1:city w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Anderson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;GF&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Reinhardt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;UE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Hussey&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;PS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Petrosyan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;It&#39;s the prices, stupid: why the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;United States&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;
is so different from other countries&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Health Aff (Millwood)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2003&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-volume-nr&quot;&gt;22&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-pages&quot;&gt;89-105&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&amp;amp;cmd=Search&amp;amp;term=Health%20Aff%20(Millwood)%5bJour%5d+AND+22%5bVolume%5d+AND+89%5bpage%5d&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;PubMed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib13#back-bib13&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;13&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Squires&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;DA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;Explaining high health care spending in the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;United States&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;:
an international comparison of supply, utilisation, prices, and quality&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:city w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;New York&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;, &lt;st1:state w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;NY&lt;/st1:state&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;: Commonwealth Fund, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib14#back-bib14&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;14&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-collaboration&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Organisation
for Economic Co-operation and Development&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;OECD health statistics&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/health-data-en&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/health-data-en&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-comment&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;(accessed
Dec 20, 2013). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib15#back-bib15&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;15&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Koechlin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;F&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Lorenzoni&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Schreyer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;P&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;Comparing price levels of hospital services across
countries: results of pilot study. OECD Health Working Papers number 53&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:city w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;Paris&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;: OECD Publishing, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib16#back-bib16&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;16&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Smith&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;S&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Newhouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;JP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Freeland&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;MS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Income, insurance, and technology: why
does health spending outpace economic growth?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Health Aff (Millwood)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2009&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-volume-nr&quot;&gt;28&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-pages&quot;&gt;1276-1284&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&amp;amp;cmd=Search&amp;amp;term=Health%20Aff%20(Millwood)%5bJour%5d+AND+28%5bVolume%5d+AND+1276%5bpage%5d&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;PubMed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib17#back-bib17&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;17&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Chandra&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Skinner&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;J&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;Technology growth and expenditure growth in health care&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:city w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;Cambridge&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;: National Bureau of Economic Research, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib18#back-bib18&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;18&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Hartwig&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;J&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;What drives health care
expenditure?—Baumol&#39;s model of ‘unbalanced growth’ revisited&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;J Health Econ&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2008&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-volume-nr&quot;&gt;27&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-pages&quot;&gt;603-623&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&amp;amp;cmd=Search&amp;amp;term=J%20Health%20Econ%5bJour%5d+AND+27%5bVolume%5d+AND+603%5bpage%5d&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;PubMed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib19#back-bib19&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;19&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Harper&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;MJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Khandrika&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;B&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Kinoshita&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;R&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Rosenthal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;S&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Nonmanufacturing industry
contributions to multifactor productivity, 1987—2006&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Mon Labor Rev&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-volume-nr&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-pages&quot;&gt;16-31&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&amp;amp;cmd=Search&amp;amp;term=Mon%20Labor%20Rev%5bJour%5d+AND+1%5bVolume%5d+AND+16%5bpage%5d&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;PubMed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib20#back-bib20&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;20&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Kocher&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;R&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Sahni&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;NR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Rethinking health care labor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;N Engl J Med&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-volume-nr&quot;&gt;365&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-pages&quot;&gt;1370-1372&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&amp;amp;cmd=Search&amp;amp;term=N%20Engl%20J%20Med%5bJour%5d+AND+365%5bVolume%5d+AND+1370%5bpage%5d&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;PubMed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib21#back-bib21&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;21&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:city w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Moriya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:state w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;AS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:state&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Vogt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;WB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Gaynor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;M&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Hospital prices and market structure
in the hospital and insurance industries&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Health Econ Policy Law&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-volume-nr&quot;&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-pages&quot;&gt;459-479&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&amp;amp;cmd=Search&amp;amp;term=Health%20Econ%20Policy%20Law%5bJour%5d+AND+5%5bVolume%5d+AND+459%5bpage%5d&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;PubMed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib22#back-bib22&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;22&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Melnick&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;GA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Shen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;YC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Wu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;VY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;The increased concentration of health
plan markets can benefit consumers through lower hospital prices&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Health Aff (Millwood)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-volume-nr&quot;&gt;30&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-pages&quot;&gt;1728-1733&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&amp;amp;cmd=Search&amp;amp;term=Health%20Aff%20(Millwood)%5bJour%5d+AND+30%5bVolume%5d+AND+1728%5bpage%5d&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;PubMed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib23#back-bib23&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;23&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;McKellar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;MR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Naimer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;S&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Landrum&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;MB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Gibson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;TB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Chandra&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Chernew&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;M&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Insurer market structure and variation
in commercial health care spending&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Health Serv Res&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;10.1111/1475-6773.12131.
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-comment&quot;&gt;published online Dec 5. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&amp;amp;cmd=Search&amp;amp;term=10.1111/1475-6773.12131%5bDoi%5d&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;PubMed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib24#back-bib24&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;24&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;White&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Health care spending growth: how
different is the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;United
  States&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; from the rest of the OECD?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Health Aff (Millwood)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2007&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-volume-nr&quot;&gt;26&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-pages&quot;&gt;154-161&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&amp;amp;cmd=Search&amp;amp;term=Health%20Aff%20(Millwood)%5bJour%5d+AND+26%5bVolume%5d+AND+154%5bpage%5d&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;PubMed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib25#back-bib25&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Berenson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;RA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Ginsburg&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;PB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Christianson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;JB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Yee&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;T&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;The growing power of some providers to
win steep payment increases from insurers suggests policy remedies may be
needed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Health
Aff (Millwood)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-volume-nr&quot;&gt;31&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-pages&quot;&gt;973-981&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&amp;amp;cmd=Search&amp;amp;term=Health%20Aff%20(Millwood)%5bJour%5d+AND+31%5bVolume%5d+AND+973%5bpage%5d&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;PubMed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib26#back-bib26&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;26&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Docteur&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Oxley&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;H&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;Health-system reform: lessons from experience. In:
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. The OECD health
project: towards high-performing health systems&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;.
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:city w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;Paris&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;: OECD Publishing, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2004&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib27#back-bib27&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;27&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Holahan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;J&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;McMorrow&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;S&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;ACA implementation—monitoring and tracking: what drove
the recent slowdown in health spending growth and can it continue?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:city w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;Washington&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;, &lt;st1:state w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;DC&lt;/st1:state&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;: Urban Institute, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib28#back-bib28&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;28&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Bradford&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;JW&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Knott&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;DG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Levine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;EH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Zemmel&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;RW&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;Accounting for the cost of US health care: pre-reform
trends and the impact of the recession&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:city w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;Washington&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;, &lt;st1:state w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;DC&lt;/st1:state&gt;: &lt;st1:placename w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;McKinsey&lt;/st1:placename&gt; &lt;st1:placetype w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Center&lt;/st1:placetype&gt;
for &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;US&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;
Health System Reform, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib29#back-bib29&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;29&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-collaboration&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Centers
for Medicare and Medicaid Services&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;National health statistics 2013&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/NationalHealthExpendData/Downloads/tables.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;http://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/NationalHealthExpendData/Downloads/tables.pdf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-comment&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;(accessed
July 15, 2013). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib30#back-bib30&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;30&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;DeNavas-Walt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Proctor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;BD&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Smith&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;JC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;Income, poverty, and health insurance coverage in the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;United States&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;:
2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:city w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;Washington&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;, &lt;st1:state w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;DC&lt;/st1:state&gt;: &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;US&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; Census &lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:city w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Bureau&lt;/st1:city&gt;,
 &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;US&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt; Government
Printing Office, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib31#back-bib31&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;31&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Rowland&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Health care and Medicaid—weathering
the recession&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;N
Engl J Med&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2009&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-volume-nr&quot;&gt;360&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-pages&quot;&gt;1273-1276&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&amp;amp;cmd=Search&amp;amp;term=N%20Engl%20J%20Med%5bJour%5d+AND+360%5bVolume%5d+AND+1273%5bpage%5d&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;PubMed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib32#back-bib32&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;32&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-collaboration&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Department
of Health and Human Services&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;Connecting kids to coverage: steady growth, new
innovation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:city w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;Washington&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;, &lt;st1:state w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;DC&lt;/st1:state&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;: Department of Health and Human Services, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib33#back-bib33&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;33&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Young&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;K&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Garfield&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;R&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Clemans-Cope&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Lawton&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Holahan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;J&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;Enrollment-driven expenditure growth: Medicaid spending
during the economic downturn, FY 2007—2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:city w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;Washington&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;, &lt;st1:state w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;DC&lt;/st1:state&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;: Henry J Kaiser Family Foundation, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib34#back-bib34&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;34&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Holahan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;J&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;McMorrow&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;S&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Medicare and Medicaid spending trends
and the deficit debate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;N Engl J Med&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-volume-nr&quot;&gt;367&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-pages&quot;&gt;393-395&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&amp;amp;cmd=Search&amp;amp;term=N%20Engl%20J%20Med%5bJour%5d+AND+367%5bVolume%5d+AND+393%5bpage%5d&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;PubMed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib35#back-bib35&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;35&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Iglehart&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;JK&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Desperately seeking savings: states
shift more Medicaid enrollees to managed care&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Health Aff (Millwood)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-volume-nr&quot;&gt;30&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-pages&quot;&gt;1627-1629&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&amp;amp;cmd=Search&amp;amp;term=Health%20Aff%20(Millwood)%5bJour%5d+AND+30%5bVolume%5d+AND+1627%5bpage%5d&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;PubMed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib36#back-bib36&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;36&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-collaboration&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Henry
J Kaiser Family Foundation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;The extension of the COBRA subsidy: an update&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:city w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;Washington&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;, &lt;st1:state w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;DC&lt;/st1:state&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;: Henry J Kaiser Family Foundation, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib37#back-bib37&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;37&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-collaboration&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;US&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-collaboration&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; Treasury Department&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-authors&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-collaboration&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Office of Economic Policy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;COBRA insurance coverage since the
recovery act: results from new survey data&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/economic-policy/Documents/cobra%20final%20report.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/economic-policy/Documents/cobra%20final%20report.pdf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-comment&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;(accessed July 31, 2013). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib38#back-bib38&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;38&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://recovery.gov/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;Recovery.gov&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;. Tax benefit program. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.recovery.gov/arra/transparency/fundingoverview/Pages/taxbenefits-details.aspx#COBRA&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;http://www.recovery.gov/arra/transparency/fundingoverview/Pages/taxbenefits-details.aspx#COBRA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; (accessed July 31, 2013).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib39#back-bib39&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;39&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-collaboration&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Henry
J Kaiser Family Foundation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;The Affordable Care Act three years post-enactment&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:city w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;Washington&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;, &lt;st1:state w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;DC&lt;/st1:state&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;: Henry J Kaiser Family Foundation, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib40#back-bib40&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;40&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Mulcahy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Harris&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;K&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Finegold&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;K&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Kellermann&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Edelman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Sommers&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;BD&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Insurance coverage of emergency care
for young adults under health reform&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;N Engl J Med&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-volume-nr&quot;&gt;368&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-pages&quot;&gt;2105-2112&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&amp;amp;cmd=Search&amp;amp;term=N%20Engl%20J%20Med%5bJour%5d+AND+368%5bVolume%5d+AND+2105%5bpage%5d&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;PubMed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib41#back-bib41&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;41&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Paris&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;V&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Devaux&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;M&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Wei&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;Health systems institutional characteristics: a survey
of 29 OECD countries. OECD Health Working Papers number 50&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:city w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;Paris&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;: OECD Publishing, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib42#back-bib42&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;42&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Schäfer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;W&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Kroneman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;M&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Boerma&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;W&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-authors&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, et al&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;The &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Netherlands&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;: health system review&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Health Syst Transit&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-volume-nr&quot;&gt;12&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-pages&quot;&gt;v-xxvii&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-comment&quot;&gt;1—228. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&amp;amp;cmd=Search&amp;amp;term=Health%20Syst%20Transit%5bJour%5d+AND+12%5bVolume%5d+AND+v%5bpage%5d&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;PubMed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib43#back-bib43&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;43&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-collaboration&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Health
&lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Canada&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Canada&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; Health Act&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hcs-sss/medi-assur/cha-lcs/index-eng.php&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/hcs-sss/medi-assur/cha-lcs/index-eng.php&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-comment&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;(accessed
Aug 1, 2013). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib44#back-bib44&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;44&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Leu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;RE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Rutten&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;FFH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Brouwer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;W&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Matter&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;P&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Rutschi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;The Swiss and Dutch health insurance systems: universal
coverage and regulated competitive insurance markets&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:city w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;New York&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;, &lt;st1:state w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;NY&lt;/st1:state&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;: The Commonwealth Fund, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2009&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib45#back-bib45&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;45&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Mladovsky&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;P&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Srivastava&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Cylus&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;J&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-authors&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, et al&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;Health policy responses to the financial crisis in
Europe. Policy summary 5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:city w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;Copenhagen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;: World Health Organisation Regional Office for &lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Europe&lt;/st1:place&gt; and European Observatory on Health Systems and
Policies, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;.
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib46#back-bib46&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;46&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-collaboration&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;The
Boards of Trustees&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-authors&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:placename w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-collaboration&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Federal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:placename&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-collaboration&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;st1:placetype w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Hospital&lt;/st1:placetype&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-collaboration&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; Insurance and Federal
Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Funds&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;2013 annual report&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:city w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;Washington&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;, &lt;st1:state w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;DC&lt;/st1:state&gt;: Boards of
Trustees of the &lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:placename w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Federal&lt;/st1:placename&gt;
 &lt;st1:placetype w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Hospital&lt;/st1:placetype&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt; Insurance and
Federal Supplementary Medical Insurance Trust Funds, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib47#back-bib47&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;47&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-collaboration&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Department
of Health and Human Services&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;Higher rebates for brand-name drugs result in lower
costs for Medicaid compared to Medicare Part D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;.
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;Washington, DC: Office of the Inspector
General, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib48#back-bib48&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;48&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://medicaid.gov/&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;Medicaid.gov&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;. Medicaid Drug Rebate Program. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.medicaid.gov/Medicaid-CHIP-Program-Information/By-Topics/Benefits/Prescription-Drugs/Medicaid-Drug-Rebate-Program.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;http://www.medicaid.gov/Medicaid-CHIP-Program-Information/By-Topics/Benefits/Prescription-Drugs/Medicaid-Drug-Rebate-Program.html&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; (accessed Jan 10, 2014).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib49#back-bib49&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;49&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Zhang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Y&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Donohue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;JM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Newhouse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;JP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Lave&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;JR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;The effects of the coverage gap on
drug spending: a closer look at Medicare Part D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;.
&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Health Aff (Millwood)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2009&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-volume-nr&quot;&gt;28&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-pages&quot;&gt;w317-w325&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&amp;amp;cmd=Search&amp;amp;term=Health%20Aff%20(Millwood)%5bJour%5d+AND+28%5bVolume%5d+AND+w317%5bpage%5d&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;PubMed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib50#back-bib50&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;50&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Shrank&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;WH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Choudhry&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;NK&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Time to fill the doughnuts—health care
reform and Medicare Part D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;N Engl J Med&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-volume-nr&quot;&gt;364&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-pages&quot;&gt;598-601&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&amp;amp;cmd=Search&amp;amp;term=N%20Engl%20J%20Med%5bJour%5d+AND+364%5bVolume%5d+AND+598%5bpage%5d&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;PubMed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib51#back-bib51&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;51&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Polinski&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;JM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Kilabuk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;E&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Schneeweiss&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;S&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Brennan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;T&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Shrank&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;WH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Changes in drug use and out-of-pocket
costs associated with Medicare Part D implementation: a systematic review&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;J Am Geriatr Soc&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-volume-nr&quot;&gt;58&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-pages&quot;&gt;1764-1779&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&amp;amp;cmd=Search&amp;amp;term=J%20Am%20Geriatr%20Soc%5bJour%5d+AND+58%5bVolume%5d+AND+1764%5bpage%5d&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;PubMed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib52#back-bib52&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;52&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;McWilliams&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;JM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Zaslavsky&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;AM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Huskamp&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;HA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Implementation of Medicare Part D and
nondrug medical spending for elderly adults with limited prior drug coverage&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;JAMA&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-volume-nr&quot;&gt;306&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-pages&quot;&gt;402-409&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&amp;amp;cmd=Search&amp;amp;term=JAMA%5bJour%5d+AND+306%5bVolume%5d+AND+402%5bpage%5d&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;PubMed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib53#back-bib53&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;53&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-collaboration&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Medicare
Payment Advisory Commission&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;Report to the Congress; Medicare payment policy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:city w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;Washington&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;, &lt;st1:state w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;DC&lt;/st1:state&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;: Medicare Payment Advisory Commission, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib54#back-bib54&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;54&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Hartman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;M&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Martin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;AB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Benson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;J&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Catlin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-collaboration&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;for the National Health
Expenditure Accounts Team&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;National
health spending in 2011: overall growth remains low, but some payers and
services show signs of acceleration&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Health Aff (Millwood)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-volume-nr&quot;&gt;32&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-pages&quot;&gt;87-99&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&amp;amp;cmd=Search&amp;amp;term=Health%20Aff%20(Millwood)%5bJour%5d+AND+32%5bVolume%5d+AND+87%5bpage%5d&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;PubMed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib55#back-bib55&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;55&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Cohen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;J&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Malins&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Shahpurwala&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Z&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Compared to &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;US&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;
practice, evidence-based reviews in &lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Europe&lt;/st1:place&gt;
appear to lead to lower prices for some drugs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Health Aff (Millwood)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-volume-nr&quot;&gt;32&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-pages&quot;&gt;762-770&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&amp;amp;cmd=Search&amp;amp;term=Health%20Aff%20(Millwood)%5bJour%5d+AND+32%5bVolume%5d+AND+762%5bpage%5d&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;PubMed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib56#back-bib56&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;56&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Mason&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Drummond&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;M&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Ramsey&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;S&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Campbell&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;J&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Raisch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Comparison of anticancer drug coverage
decisions in the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;United States&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;
and &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;United Kingdom&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;:
does the evidence support the rhetoric?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;J Clin Oncol&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2010&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-volume-nr&quot;&gt;28&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-pages&quot;&gt;3234-3238&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&amp;amp;cmd=Search&amp;amp;term=J%20Clin%20Oncol%5bJour%5d+AND+28%5bVolume%5d+AND+3234%5bpage%5d&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;PubMed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib57#back-bib57&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;57&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Ognyanova&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Zentner&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Busse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;R&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Pharmaceutical reform 2010 in &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Germany&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;:
striking a balance between innovation and affordability&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Eurohealth (Lond)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-volume-nr&quot;&gt;17&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-pages&quot;&gt;11-13&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&amp;amp;cmd=Search&amp;amp;term=Eurohealth%20(Lond)%5bJour%5d+AND+17%5bVolume%5d+AND+11%5bpage%5d&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;PubMed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib58#back-bib58&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;58&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Anis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Harvard&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;S&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Marra&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Ontario&#39;s plunging price-caps on
generics: deeper dives may drown some drugs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Open Med&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-volume-nr&quot;&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-pages&quot;&gt;e149-e152&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&amp;amp;cmd=Search&amp;amp;term=Open%20Med%5bJour%5d+AND+5%5bVolume%5d+AND+e149%5bpage%5d&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;PubMed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib59#back-bib59&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;59&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Law&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;MR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Ystma&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Morgan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;SG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;The short-term impact of &lt;st1:state w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Ontario&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:state&gt;&#39;s generic
pricing reforms&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;PLoS
One&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-volume-nr&quot;&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-pages&quot;&gt;e23030&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&amp;amp;cmd=Search&amp;amp;term=PLoS%20One%5bJour%5d+AND+6%5bVolume%5d+AND+e23030%5bpage%5d&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;PubMed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib60#back-bib60&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #00703b;&quot;&gt;60&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-collaboration&quot;&gt;Commission
des comptes de la sécurité sociale&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;Les comptes de la sécurité sociale: resultats 2009,
previsions 2010&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.sante.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/ccss201006.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;http://www.sante.gouv.fr/IMG/pdf/ccss201006.pdf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-comment&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;(accessed
Sept 1, 2013). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib61#back-bib61&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;61&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Busse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;R&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Riesberg&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;Health care systems in transition: &lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Germany&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:city w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;Copenhagen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;: World Health Organisation Regional Office for &lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Europe&lt;/st1:place&gt; and European Observatory on Health Systems and
Policies, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2004&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;.
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib62#back-bib62&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;62&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-collaboration&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;National
Prescription Drug Utilization Information System&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;.
&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;Analytical snapshot: international generic price
comparison&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:city w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;Ottawa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;:
Patented Medicine Prices Review &lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:city w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Board&lt;/st1:city&gt;,
 &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Canada&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib63#back-bib63&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;63&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Sinnott&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;SJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Buckley&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;O&#39;Riordan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Bradley&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Whelton&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;H&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;The effect of copayments for
prescriptions on adherence to prescription medicines in publicly insured
populations; a systematic review and meta-analysis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;PLoS One&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-volume-nr&quot;&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-pages&quot;&gt;e64914&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&amp;amp;cmd=Search&amp;amp;term=PLoS%20One%5bJour%5d+AND+8%5bVolume%5d+AND+e64914%5bpage%5d&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;PubMed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib64#back-bib64&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;64&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-collaboration&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Centers
for Medicare and Medicaid Services&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Medicare and Medicaid statistical
supplement&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/MedicareMedicaidStatSupp/index.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;http://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/MedicareMedicaidStatSupp/index.html&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-comment&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;(accessed
Sept 9, 2013). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib65#back-bib65&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;65&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Stabile&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;M&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Thomson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;S&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Allin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;S&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-authors&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, et al&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Health care cost containment
strategies used in four other high-income countries hold lessons for the United
States&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Health
Aff (Millwood)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-volume-nr&quot;&gt;32&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-pages&quot;&gt;643-652&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&amp;amp;cmd=Search&amp;amp;term=Health%20Aff%20(Millwood)%5bJour%5d+AND+32%5bVolume%5d+AND+643%5bpage%5d&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;PubMed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib66#back-bib66&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;66&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Sutherland&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;JM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;Hospital payment mechanisms: an overview and options
for &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Canada&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:city w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;Ottawa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;, &lt;st1:state w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;ON&lt;/st1:state&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;: Canadian Health Services Research Foundation, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib67#back-bib67&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;67&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-collaboration&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Organisation
for Economic Co-operation and Development Health Division&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Managing hospital volumes: &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Germany&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; and
experiences from OECD countries&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.oecd.org/els/health-systems/ManagingHospitalVolumes_Germanyand%20ExperiencesfromOECDCountries.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;http://www.oecd.org/els/health-systems/ManagingHospitalVolumes_Germanyand%20ExperiencesfromOECDCountries.pdf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-comment&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;(accessed
July 15, 2013). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib68#back-bib68&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;68&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Douven&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;R&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Mocking&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;R&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Mosca&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;I&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;The effect of physician fees and density differences on
regional variation in hospital treatments (NZa Research Paper, 2012-01)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:city w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;Utrecht&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;: Nederlandse Zorgautoriteit, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib69#back-bib69&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;69&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Quentin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;W&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Scheller-Kreinsen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;D&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Blümel&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;M&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Geissler&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Busse&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;R&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Hospital payment based on
diagnosis-related groups differs in Europe and holds lessons for the United
States&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Health
Aff (Millwood)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-volume-nr&quot;&gt;32&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-pages&quot;&gt;713-723&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&amp;amp;cmd=Search&amp;amp;term=Health%20Aff%20(Millwood)%5bJour%5d+AND+32%5bVolume%5d+AND+713%5bpage%5d&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;PubMed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib70#back-bib70&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;70&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; Chandra A, Holmes J, Skinner J. Is this
time different? The slowdown in healthcare spending. Final conference draft to
be presented at the Panel on Economic Activity; Sept 19—20, 2013.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib71#back-bib71&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;71&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Ryu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;AJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Gibson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;TB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;McKellar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;MR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Chernew&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;ME&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;The slowdown in health care spending
in 2009—11 reflected factors other than the weak economy and thus may persist&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Health Aff (Millwood)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-volume-nr&quot;&gt;32&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-pages&quot;&gt;835-840&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&amp;amp;cmd=Search&amp;amp;term=Health%20Aff%20(Millwood)%5bJour%5d+AND+32%5bVolume%5d+AND+835%5bpage%5d&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;PubMed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib72#back-bib72&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;72&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Cutler&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;DM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Sahni&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;NR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;If slow rate of health care spending
growth persists, projections may be off by $770 billion&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Health Aff (Millwood)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-volume-nr&quot;&gt;32&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-pages&quot;&gt;841-850&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&amp;amp;cmd=Search&amp;amp;term=Health%20Aff%20(Millwood)%5bJour%5d+AND+32%5bVolume%5d+AND+841%5bpage%5d&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;PubMed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib73#back-bib73&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;73&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Martin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;AB&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Hartman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;M&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Whittle&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;L&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Catlin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-collaboration&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;the National Health Expenditure
Accounts Team&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;National health spending in 2012: rate
of health spending growth remained low for the fourth consecutive year&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Health Aff (Millwood)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2014&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-volume-nr&quot;&gt;33&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-pages&quot;&gt;67-77&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&amp;amp;cmd=Search&amp;amp;term=Health%20Aff%20(Millwood)%5bJour%5d+AND+33%5bVolume%5d+AND+67%5bpage%5d&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;PubMed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib74#back-bib74&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;74&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-collaboration&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Congressional
Budget Office&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;CBO&#39;s May, 2013, estimate of the
effects of the affordable care act on health insurance coverage&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.cbo.gov/sites/default/files/cbofiles/attachments/43900-2013-05-ACA.pdf&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333;&quot;&gt;http://www.cbo.gov/sites/default/files/cbofiles/attachments/43900-2013-05-ACA.pdf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-comment&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;(accessed July 29, 2013). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib75#back-bib75&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;75&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-collaboration&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Department
of Health and Human Services&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;Federal register&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:city w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;Baltimore&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:city&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;, &lt;st1:state w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;MD&lt;/st1:state&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;: Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib76#back-bib76&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;76&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Murray&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;R&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Setting hospital rates to control
costs and boost quality: the &lt;st1:state w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;Maryland&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:state&gt;
experience&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Health
Aff (Millwood)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2009&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-volume-nr&quot;&gt;28&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-pages&quot;&gt;1395-1405&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&amp;amp;cmd=Search&amp;amp;term=Health%20Aff%20(Millwood)%5bJour%5d+AND+28%5bVolume%5d+AND+1395%5bpage%5d&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;PubMed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib77#back-bib77&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;77&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;White&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;J&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;The 2010 &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;US&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt; health care reform: approaching
and avoiding how other countries finance health care&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Health Econ Policy Law&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-volume-nr&quot;&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-pages&quot;&gt;289-315&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&amp;amp;cmd=Search&amp;amp;term=Health%20Econ%20Policy%20Law%5bJour%5d+AND+8%5bVolume%5d+AND+289%5bpage%5d&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;PubMed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib78#back-bib78&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;78&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Marmor&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;T&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Oberlander&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;J&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;The patchwork: health reform, American
style&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Soc Sci
Med&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-volume-nr&quot;&gt;72&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-pages&quot;&gt;125-128&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&amp;amp;cmd=Search&amp;amp;term=Soc%20Sci%20Med%5bJour%5d+AND+72%5bVolume%5d+AND+125%5bpage%5d&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;PubMed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib79#back-bib79&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;79&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Oberlander&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;J&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Throwing darts: Americans&#39; elusive
search for health care cost control&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;J Health Polit Policy Law&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-volume-nr&quot;&gt;36&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-pages&quot;&gt;477-484&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&amp;amp;cmd=Search&amp;amp;term=J%20Health%20Polit%20Policy%20Law%5bJour%5d+AND+36%5bVolume%5d+AND+477%5bpage%5d&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;PubMed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib80#back-bib80&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;80&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Reinhardt&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;UE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;The many different prices paid to
providers and the flawed theory of cost shifting: is it time for a more rational
all-payer system?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Health Aff (Millwood)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2011&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-volume-nr&quot;&gt;30&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-pages&quot;&gt;2125-2133&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&amp;amp;cmd=Search&amp;amp;term=Health%20Aff%20(Millwood)%5bJour%5d+AND+30%5bVolume%5d+AND+2125%5bpage%5d&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;PubMed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib81#back-bib81&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;81&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Robinson&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;JC&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Brown&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;TT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Increases in consumer cost sharing
redirect patient volumes and reduce hospital prices for orthopedic surgery&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Health Aff (Millwood)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-volume-nr&quot;&gt;32&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-pages&quot;&gt;1392-1397&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&amp;amp;cmd=Search&amp;amp;term=Health%20Aff%20(Millwood)%5bJour%5d+AND+32%5bVolume%5d+AND+1392%5bpage%5d&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;PubMed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib82#back-bib82&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;82&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Mechanic&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;R&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Tompkins&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Lessons learned preparing for Medicare
bundled payments&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;N
Engl J Med&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2012&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-volume-nr&quot;&gt;367&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-pages&quot;&gt;1873-1875&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&amp;amp;cmd=Search&amp;amp;term=N%20Engl%20J%20Med%5bJour%5d+AND+367%5bVolume%5d+AND+1873%5bpage%5d&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;PubMed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 18pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib83#back-bib83&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;83&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Lewis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;VA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Colla&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;CH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Carluzzo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;KL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Kler&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;SE&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Fisher&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;ES&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-contribution&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Accountable Care Organizations in the &lt;st1:country-region w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;United States&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:country-region&gt;:
market and demographic factors associated with formation&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Health Serv Res&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-volume-nr&quot;&gt;48&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-issue&quot;&gt;: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-pages&quot;&gt;1840-1858&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?db=pubmed&amp;amp;cmd=Search&amp;amp;term=Health%20Serv%20Res%5bJour%5d+AND+48%5bVolume%5d+AND+1840%5bpage%5d&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #333333; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;PubMed&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(14)60571-7/fulltext?_eventId=login#back-bib84#back-bib84&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #00703b; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt;84&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-GB;&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Levine&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;M&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-surname&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;Melinda&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-ce-given-name&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;B&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot;&gt;. &lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-maintitle&quot;&gt;Why has growth in spending for fee-for-service Medicare
slowed?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-publisher&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;Washington, DC: Congressional Budget Office, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-date&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;ja50-sb-host&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;.
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #404040; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/7428368263171964090'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/7428368263171964090'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://apontamentos.blogspot.com/2014/07/health-care-expenditure.html' title='Health-care expenditure'/><author><name>victor</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14764343066231484956</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgr3o04232FB7YDfbQY-hY7VDHKPrA_r62DGhIRggchvACyqcdFMm4P-NMLKUCfP_sLCIq4OHTD3NB-Ml9NiI5Ut22XUuAKNVjMEkBK2WFnw8L31iE6qtgdLEu7_JA4viJ9PsUY/s72-c/PIIS0140673614605717.si1.gif" height="72" width="72"/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7735125.post-1847149464595825954</id><published>2014-07-27T13:30:00.002+01:00</published><updated>2014-07-27T13:32:21.116+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Entrevistas"/><title type='text'>&quot;O Gestor tem de ser criativo...</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7gpCVxpH3fYYNDBkDAbgv91TnHIr6nyjtTuzHZa8FXpzIxGjzusyTlQXeIGkpWNfXGOAtpH295BnJvYOTVi_A4Ga17aMXNsaCpHmacokFTaneInmNgA2rZ8RG0pdj_Ad-UWj6/s1600-h/Sakellarides+GH.gif&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7gpCVxpH3fYYNDBkDAbgv91TnHIr6nyjtTuzHZa8FXpzIxGjzusyTlQXeIGkpWNfXGOAtpH295BnJvYOTVi_A4Ga17aMXNsaCpHmacokFTaneInmNgA2rZ8RG0pdj_Ad-UWj6/s400/Sakellarides+GH.gif&quot; id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5309128884083632258&quot; style=&quot;cursor: hand; float: left; height: 400px; margin: 0px 10px 10px 0px; width: 335px;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc9933;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;e empreendedor. Não pode ser só técnico”&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Faltava uma entrevista na GH. A desta edição, a &lt;span style=&quot;color: #000099;&quot;&gt;Constantino Sakellarides&lt;/span&gt;, director da Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (ENSP). Como se esperava, a entrevista ao Professor não foi apenas uma entrevista. Foi uma viagem pelo mundo global dos sistemas sociais, onde a “Saúde para todos corresponde a uma das principais conquistas dos últimos cem anos”. Ficam também recados para diferentes protagonistas do sector e a certeza de que é necessário adaptar os planos à crise actual, porque “há famílias que só comem uma refeição por dia, e mal. A crise é muitíssimo séria e vai durar”.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Gestão Hospitalar (GH)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt; – &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;O Serviço Nacional de Saúde (SNS) faz, em Setembro, 30 anos. Não vou pedir uma análise exaustiva mas, se compararmos os anos de 1976 e de 2009, o que poderemos dizer relativamente à evolução do SNS?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000099;&quot;&gt;Constantino Sakellarides (CS)&lt;/span&gt; – Bom, 30 anos é uma boa idade! Há já alguma maturidade mas ainda existe suficiente juventude para que seja possível reconduzir-se na vida. É nessa perspectiva que gostava de colocar o Serviço Nacional de Saúde. O SNS do ano 2000 não pode ser o mesmo do da década de setenta, é óbvio! Pode manter os seus serviços básicos (aliás, deve mantê-los e ser um esteio do sistema de protecção social do país) mas precisa de evoluir de acordo com tudo o que acontece à sua volta.&lt;br /&gt;Relativamente ao passado, não há duvida nenhuma de que o SNS prestou um enorme serviço à população portuguesa. Proporcionou uma rede de serviços públicos de Saúde que cobre todo o território nacional; deu às profissões da Saúde condições de desenvolvimento; passou a ser um grande empregador do País; contribui para o seu desenvolvimento, de várias formas; tem algum papel na melhoria dos índices de Saúde a nível nacional (não o papel exclusivo, mas considerável) e, portanto, podemos dizer que o balanço do SNS é extremamente positivo, considerando que tem uma carga genética difícil. Temos de reconhecer que Serviço Nacional de Saúde nasceu num período de grande crise económica mundial, numa altura em que, no País, se deu uma alteração política radical, com muitas incertezas – num período de descolonização complexo – e, portanto temos de pensar bem que carga genética, ou congénita, é que tudo isso acarreta.&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;GH&lt;/span&gt; – &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Isso para dizer o quê Professor?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000099;&quot;&gt;CS&lt;/span&gt; – Para dizer que o futuro do SNS depende, em parte, da análise que se faz do seu passado. E esse balanço para justo e tem de ser feito de forma rigorosa.&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;GH&lt;/span&gt; – &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Ainda não foi feito?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000099;&quot;&gt;CS&lt;/span&gt; – Está incompleto. O que se fez foi muito pela rama. Para que o Serviço Nacional de Saúde funcione, realmente, é necessário existir uma classe média suficientemente disponível e capaz, em termos económicos, para pagar os seus gastos e os daqueles que não o podem fazer (cerca de 20 por cento da população portuguesa).&lt;br /&gt;E para pagar o quê, concretamente? Os ordenados que os profissionais devem ter; as infra-estruturas materiais e as tecnologias. Ora bem, muitas destas coisas não existiam na década de 70 – as tecnologias, por exemplo. Foram conquistadas aos poucos. Quando as pessoas dizem hoje que há um desequilíbrio financeiro no SNS não reparam que o problema não é de hoje: o SNS nasceu assim! E se não houver a tal classe média que estabiliza a situação, e que pode pagar pelos que não podem, o problema financeiro vai-se colocar…&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;GH&lt;/span&gt; – &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Professor, deixe-me ver se entendi: na sua opinião, o problema da Saúde em Portugal, e do SNS em particular, não passa por situações de desorganização e de gestão, mas por não existir uma classe média estruturada e resolvida, em termos sociais?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000099;&quot;&gt;CS &lt;/span&gt;– Não é só isso, até porque a questão é interactiva, mas também. Há vários aspectos a ter em conta, e não nos podemos esquecer que a classe média portuguesa tem sido altamente generosa… tem aguentado isto tudo!&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;GH&lt;/span&gt; – &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tem dado o que tem e o que não tem!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000099;&quot;&gt;CS&lt;/span&gt; – Isso mesmo. Agora, para continuar a ser generosa é necessário que a solução que lhe é apresentada lhe interesse. Se verificar que não lhe serve, torna-se menos disponível para ajudar. E aqui há um aspecto que é fundamental: talvez que a maior conquista civilizacional dos últimos 100 anos tenha sido a possibilidade de se atingir aquele patamar em que se consegue ter um sistema de saúde para todos. Isto é formidável e parece que poucos dão atenção a esta conquista. Um Estado que atingiu a maturidade e criou um sistema de Saúde para todos é extraordinário e isso vale todos os esforços. Estamos a falar de se passar de uma situação de grande desigualdade para uma coisa concreta, e essencial, que é a Saúde para todos. Não estamos a falar dos sapatos da Imelda Marcos…&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;GH&lt;/span&gt; – &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Em termos teóricos é difícil não concordar com a análise que faz e com a necessidade de se olhar mais longe. Mas acha que quem vai para a política, ou é chamado para ocupar cargos determinantes no sector da Saúde, tem tempo, disponibilidade, capacidade, e apoio de retaguarda que lhe permita pensar nesta necessidade?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000099;&quot;&gt;CS&lt;/span&gt; – Partilho pouco a pessoalização do poder. As coisas são vistas dessa maneira mas não funcionam assim, até porque o poder pessoal de um ministro é muito relativo. Ele depende, e muito, da sociedade em que está inserido, bem como do Governo e da rede social que o apoia. A visão jornalística que muitas vezes se tem das coisas – e que é, regra geral, simplificadora – é muito perigosa e desinteressante.O patamar de que falei, de Saúde para todos, implica uma situação de boa governança – que não se traduz por bom governo mas por qualidade dos sistemas sociais – que passa por ter 3 ou 4 características específicas e que são a inclusão; a transparência, a responsabilização e a optimização. Se não conseguirmos evoluir, gastamos recursos e não teremos bons resultados. Dou-lhe um exemplo: Quando vem de carro, pela A 5, para Lisboa, sai na CRIL para entrar na Segunda Circular. Há uma fila compacta na entrada e – acontece muito – há sempre pessoas que vão passando à frente de todos. Ou seja, se há quem queira estabelecer uma ordem de convivência existem outros que não querem saber disso. Agora a pergunta: quais são os carros que, regra geral, ultrapassam os que estão na fila? Os melhores: os BMW’s, os Mercedes, etc… não são os “carochinhas”. Esses ficam lá, à espera. E agora você diz-me, “mas isso não tem nada a ver com o sistema de Saúde !”. Errado. Esta atitude tem tudo a ver com o sistema de saúde.&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;GH&lt;/span&gt; – &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Tem de explicar Professor!&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000099;&quot;&gt;CS&lt;/span&gt; – E explico. Vamos falar dos Cuidados de Saúde Primários (CSP). O que tem de interessante e importante a reforma dos CSP? Ora bem, o que se está a passar, neste domínio, representa um corte profundo com o que existia. As pessoas são atendidas de outra forma; têm outro tipo de acesso e, portanto, as relações entre as pessoas e os profissionais de saúde mudou! Além disso, e no terreno, os profissionais, entre eles, trabalham de outra forma, são cooperantes, substituem-se. Num domínio mais institucional o que temos? Uma situação contratual com a tutela, que lhes dá mais autonomia com mais responsabilidade&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;GH&lt;/span&gt; – &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;E podem ser melhor remunerados&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000099;&quot;&gt;CS&lt;/span&gt; – Evidente. Mas o que aqui é fundameno tal é a mudança registada a vários níveis. Uma mudança nos comportamentos e nas relações.&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GH&lt;/span&gt; – &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;É verdade. Hoje o doente pode telefonar para o seu médico de família…&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000099;&quot;&gt;CS&lt;/span&gt; – Mudou. Não tem nada a ver com o que existia até aqui. A relação entre os diferentes actores – o médico, o doente, a tutela e mesmo entre os próprios profissionais de saúde (clínico, enfermeiro, administrativo, etc… – alterou-se radicalmente. Registou-se uma ruptura extraordinária que implicou também uma mudança de análise, a vários níveis.&lt;br /&gt;Ora bem, se o que eu vejo na CRIL se mantiver, a reforma vai ter imensas dificuldades em concretizar-se porque as pessoas não estão disponíveis para assumir, numa escala suficiente, as relações necessárias para estabilizar.&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;GH&lt;/span&gt; – &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Estão mais preocupados com eles…&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000099;&quot;&gt;CS&lt;/span&gt; – …do que com o colectivo! Ora a transição das relações que anteriormente descrevi, que implica – ao nível das ARS, dos ministérios e mesmo a nível político – um salto qualitativo, acaba por não dar certo se os senhores dos BMW´s não entenderem que têm de permanecer na fila e esperar. O SNS tem dois sistemas de protecção social que continuam a ser importantes: o da solidariedade e o da Previdência. Se as pessoas não comungam destes princípios na sua pratica diária vão distanciar-se do que é compatível com a evolução do SNS do século XXI.&lt;br /&gt;Como pode ver, o problema do SNS não é um problema de ministros, nem sequer dos políticos, mas da própria sociedade portuguesa que reflecte as nossas limitações e os nossos sucessos.&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;GH&lt;/span&gt; – &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Numa sociedade mais evoluída o seu pensamento é valido, mas tenho dúvidas que, a breve prazo e em Portugal, se consiga chegar a esse estádio. Vou dar-lhe como exemplo, a tão falada questão do encerramento das maternidades que acabou por ser um dos motivos da demissão do Professor Correia de Campos. Tratou-se de um acto de um político, mal entendido pela população – dependendo sempre de quem faz a análise, obviamente. De acordo com o que me disse, esta situação deveria ter sido pensada por todos e todos deveriam estar disponíveis para uma colaboração estreita. Não será uma utopia?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000099;&quot;&gt;CS&lt;/span&gt; – Temos de ser socialmente funcionais. A situação de que falou não correu mal por ter sido levada a cabo pelo Professor Correia de Campos. Repare: os governos tendem a gerir por dossiers (o dossier das urgências; o dossier dos CSP; o dossier das maternidades, etc.). Os ministros sentem que têm de tomar medidas de acordo com esses dossiers para as coisas avançarem, e agora vejamos o que faltou no caso que apresentou. Várias coisas. O ideal teria sido que se tivessem feito as alterações com base no ordenamento local e consertar o encerramento de uma coisa com a abertura de outra. Pode fechar-se uma maternidade se se abrir um centro de saúde, por exemplo. Se isto não acontece e se aquela zona é invadida por dossiers verticais, a disfunção é natural.&lt;br /&gt;O local vai impor-se de alguma forma. O local não pode dizer: “não quero que feche!”, mas pode consertar o plano e dizer “senhor ministro achamos que pode fechar a maternidade se abrir um SAP”. Nesse processo, houve alguns locais tentaram fazer isso, apesar de nem tudo ter corrido bem. Como pode ver, a articulação é muito importante quando estão em causa situações em que há actores e interesses diferenciados.&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;GH&lt;/span&gt; – &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Teria toda a lógica que assim fosse. Mas porque é que Portugal não conseguiu ainda estabelecer um envolvimento entre as Autarquias e o sector da Saúde?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000099;&quot;&gt;CS&lt;/span&gt; – É um dos nossos pontos fracos, sem dúvida!&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;GH&lt;/span&gt; – &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Há munícipes inteligentes. Será que eles não se importam com a Saúde da população do respectivo Concelho?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000099;&quot;&gt;CS&lt;/span&gt; – Não é que não se importem. O que os autarcas temem é de se envolverem na Saúde e estalarem os orçamentos. Os autarcas sabem o que está a acontecer, conhecem a realidade, os medos deles é que lhes transfiram responsabilidades – em serviços de saúde e noutros – e que essa responsabilidade acaba com os recursos financeiros da autarquia. Agora, é evidente que os chamamos serviços de proximidade – e que incluem os cuidados na comunidade, os cuidados de saúde pública, os cuidados de saúde familiar, a promoção da saúde, etc… – não podem deixar as autarquias de fora. Quando iniciamos os processos de contratualização, em 1996, um dos locais onde começamos, por razões meramente circunstanciais, foi no Hospital Amadora-Sintra. Era um hospital complicado de gerir e pensámos que a contratualização era urgente. A primeira pessoa com quem falei foi com o presidente da Câmara da Amadora, a quem pedi para indicar uma pessoa da autarquia, sem ser político, para acompanhar todo o processo da contratualização. Foi acordado que seria alguém ligado aos serviços do consumidor pois as pessoas que ouvem mais e que podiam apresentar o ponto de vista do utente e do consumidor. Não podemos esquecer que um dos problemas do SNS é que foi um serviço concebido sob o ponto de vista da oferta, nascendo cego sob o ponto de vista da procura.&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;GH&lt;/span&gt; – &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Há algum país europeu, que tenha conseguido fazer evoluir o respectivo serviço publico de saúde, tendo em conta essas condicionantes?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000099;&quot;&gt;CS&lt;/span&gt; – Como disse há pouco, os serviços de saúde são os reflexos das sociedades. No sentido de equilibrar melhor o pensamento da oferta e da procura, os nórdicos têm uma enorme vantagem, porque os respectivos serviços de saúde são geridos a nível local. Mas temos de perceber também que esses países são federações de poder local e, portanto, estão naturalmente favorecidos. Eles não inventaram isso, foi acontecendo assim.&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GH&lt;/span&gt; – &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;O SNS português é o reflexo do povo que somos?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000099;&quot;&gt;CS&lt;/span&gt; – Ah! Sem dúvida nenhuma! E nós temos de ter uma relação carinhosa com isso! Somos como aquele retrato, onde não se dá para alterar nada.&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;GH&lt;/span&gt; – &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Há também um fenómeno curioso que gostaria que analisasse. Existem hoje cerca de dois milhões de pessoas com acesso aos hospitais privados, devido aos seguros. Se nos reportarmos às Urgências vemos que o tempo médio de espera para atendimento é já idêntico ao dos hospitais públicos. Porquê?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000099;&quot;&gt;CS&lt;/span&gt; – O País é o mesmo, não é? As diferenciações não estão nas características intrínsecas entre o público e o privado. Vou exemplificar. O público tem uma grande desvantagem na medida em que tem de estar aberto todos os dias, para toda a gente e para todas as doenças. O público não pode dizer “eu não faço hérnias”, ou “eu não faço cataratas porque não me convém”, ou “eu não quero ter urgências”, etc.&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;GH&lt;/span&gt; – &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Não pode seleccionar?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000099;&quot;&gt;CS&lt;/span&gt; – Não pode seleccionar nem locais, nem horas, nem pessoas, nem patologias. Tem que fazer tudo.&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;GH&lt;/span&gt; – &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;E deve continuar assim?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000099;&quot;&gt;CS&lt;/span&gt; – Deve continuar assim – mal fora se não continuasse. Agora, as pessoas têm que perceber que há um preço a pagar por isto. As pessoas têm que entender que o público não foi criado para competir com o privado; o público nasceu para responder às necessidades básicas das pessoas.&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;GH&lt;/span&gt; – &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Mas há públicos que querem competir…&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000099;&quot;&gt;CS&lt;/span&gt; – Está bem… se estão a perder clientes! Mas isso não é a questão. O privado é complementar – estou a falar do privado lucrativo, porque também há o privado não lucrativo. O privado lucrativo tem accionistas que têm que zelar pelo seu dinheiro e, portanto, querem tirar mais-valias. E não há nada de errado nisso, o mundo funciona assim! Ora, continuando neste raciocínio, o privado pode dizer: “vou abrir este serviço e esta especialidade porque me interessa”. E não há qualquer problema. Não vejo nenhum mal em uma grávida dizer que quer ter o seu bebe numa maternidade privada, porque quer fazer o parto com aquele médico. O privado assegura isso…&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;GH&lt;/span&gt; – &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Liberdade de escolha.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000099;&quot;&gt;CS&lt;/span&gt; – Mas outra pessoa pode dizer: “eu vou para o público porque me sinto mais segura. Pode não ser o meu médico a fazer-me o parto, mas eu confio na equipa”. Se eu quiser um quarto privado, com televisão com todos os canais e de alta resolução, não acho mal desde que pague. Mas se eu quero cuidados de qualidade quando preciso deles, a sociedade deve dar-me essa possibilidade sem pagamentos extra.&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;GH&lt;/span&gt; – &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Concorda com a opinião da ministra Ana Jorge, quando ela diz que os bebés&lt;br /&gt;prematuros não devem permanecer nos privados?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000099;&quot;&gt;CS&lt;/span&gt; – Ela como pediatra sabe melhor isso do que eu. Com a ministra posso discutir com a pediatra não! Em todo o caso julgo que há aqui um problema. A garantia da qualidade deve ser igual para todos. Se existe um serviço de pediatra que não é idóneo, então deve ser fechado.&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;GH&lt;/span&gt; – &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Aí, as instituições também têm responsabilidades.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000099;&quot;&gt;CS&lt;/span&gt; – Exactamente, mas todos sabemos que a nossa sociedade aceita mal os processos de Acreditação e, depois, queixa-se! Os que protestam contra o serviço público e as funções da regulação são os mesmos que abrem, depois, estas coisas pouco idóneas! Volto ao ponto: é este patamar de aceitar regras sociais – sempre, não só quando nos convém! – que caracteriza a sociedade que é capaz de ter aquele serviço de Saúde para todos e com qualidade&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;GH&lt;/span&gt; – &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Vamos falar da crise e do SNS. Que reflexos é que esta crise global pode ter na vida dos portugueses e na sua Saúde?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000099;&quot;&gt;CS&lt;/span&gt; – Esta crise é a mais séria da nossa geração. É durável; não vai desaparecer em seis meses. Serão, pelo menos, dois anos muito duros. É uma crise que vai trazer repercussões sociais tremendas – aliás já estão à vista – sendo a principal o desemprego, com o consequente mal-estar, individual e social. Há portanto que dar uma resposta à crise para bem das pessoas, e temos de o fazer de tal forma que, quando sairmos da crise, estejamos bem.&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;GH&lt;/span&gt; – &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;É uma atitude que cada Estado pode resolver por ele, ou estamos todos reféns dos EUA e temos de esperar para nos levantarmos?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000099;&quot;&gt;CS&lt;/span&gt; – Há vários níveis. É evidente que ficamos condicionados, mas não completamente. Entrámos na crise e vamos sair dela. A forma como entrámos na crise, está directamente ligada à forma como vamos sair e temos de pensar noutra coisa que é muito importante: temos de equacionar a maneira de aproveitar a crise. É aí que está a nossa responsabilidade&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;GH&lt;/span&gt; – &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Porquê?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000099;&quot;&gt;CS&lt;/span&gt; – Primeiro, hoje há famílias que comem uma refeição por dia. E má. E esta mancha está a aumentar. Então, e não somos capazes de fazer nada em relação a isto? Temos de fazer e nota-se muita resistência, da parte das instituições, em mudar os seus planos e as suas regras. Fico preocupado, mesmo irritado, ao ver instituições que apresentam planos de acção para o corrente ano sem terem em atenção a situação em que se está a viver. Os seus programas são praticamente iguais aos anos anteriores. As pessoas são muito resistentes à mudança e não querem ver que tudo está diferente. Este fenómeno agudo de contextualização não está a ser feito de forma correcta. Relativamente à alimentação, é evidente que a Saúde não dá de comer, mas o sistema de saúde é a ramificação mais próxima; é o primeiro sector a detectar esses problemas e se nós conseguirmos fazer uma ligação directa entre as periferias, que identificam as coisas, com as respostas correctas, acabamos por ganhar tempo. Outro ponto: se eu comer uma refeição por dia, o que devo comer? Temos várias escolhas e devemos falar às pessoas sobre isso. É preciso pensar e articular. E temos de questionar ainda se vamos deixar ficar as coisas como estão ou se vamos intervir? Eu acho que temos de intervir. A questão alimentar, a questão dos comportamentos ligados à saúde mental – violência, depressão, alcoolismo – a questão do acesso aos medicamentos, são os assuntos mais básicos a que urge dar resposta, de uma forma integral. Se ligarmos as redes sociais com as autarquias e com os hospitais, por exemplo, podemos sair da crise com o trabalho da integração minimamente resolvido. E esse trabalho de integração não só minimizou alguns aspectos da crise como nos abriu portas para sair dela.&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;GH&lt;/span&gt; – &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Temos condições para isso?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000099;&quot;&gt;CS &lt;/span&gt;– Se quisermos, temos. Mas tem de ser já; no próximo mês.&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;GH&lt;/span&gt; – &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;Está optimista?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;CS – Sou bem-disposto por natureza, optimista nem sempre. A situação é muitíssimo séria e temos de reconhecer que temos de mudar de planos.&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;GH&lt;/span&gt; – &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;E aí entra outra questão importante. O senhor é director de uma escola que forma administradores hospitalares – a Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública – os seus alunos estão preparados para dar a volta a estes fenómenos e para pensar que nos hospitais não se deve ver apenas a parte mas o todo?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000099;&quot;&gt;CS&lt;/span&gt; – A resposta devia ser que estão. Deixe-me recuar para analisar este fenómeno. Sabe qual é a maior dor de uma pessoa que ensina? É quando os alunos deixam a escola e seis meses depois voltam e dizem: “Não nos deixam!”… A minha resposta é, “faltou alguma coisa”. Se me dizem isso é porque faltou alguma coisa. Aceito que me digam que é difícil, mas não aceito que me digam que não conseguem. Hoje, a Saúde Pública é uma mistura de Ciência com empreendedorismo e o gestor público não tem que ser só um técnico; não tem que ser apenas uma pessoa informada, com base no melhor conhecimento disponível, tem que ser um empreendedor. Um empreendedor é caracterizado por três ou quatro coisas importantes, a primeira das quais é a imaginação. Se eu tenho um problema tenho de pensar em soluções. Mas se eu não estiver disponível para participar nesta actividade, de criar novas respostas, não estou em condições de ser empreendedor. Depois tenho de saber aceitar o risco. Quando sou empreendedor e venho com uma ideia nova – que pode resolver problemas antigos – arrisco-me a ficar mal, mas tenho de correr o risco. No comércio o risco é fechar a loja, aqui é pintar a cara de preto. O que não se pode é pensar que, no mundo actual, se pode levar o pacote prontinho para aplicar no exterior e já está. Resumindo: se alguma coisa tem faltado é maior incidência no empreendedorismo público. Tem de haver imaginação e risco. O mundo é duro, e é preciso reconhecer isso, mas não vale de nada dizer que é duro. Qual é a diferença entre o empreendedorismo público e o privado? O sector público cria bem-estar e o privado cria riqueza, a fórmula ideal é unir o bem-estar com a riqueza&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;GH&lt;/span&gt; – &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;A falta de dignificação da carreira de gestor público, pode ser a base para esse problema?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000099;&quot;&gt;CS&lt;/span&gt; – Que falta de dignificação da carreira?! Arranjam-me cada uma!&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;GH&lt;/span&gt; – &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;A carreira, na administração pública, não é importante?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000099;&quot;&gt;CS&lt;/span&gt; – Também é, mas o problema não é a dignificação da carreira. É lógico que pode ser sempre melhor e reconheço que se perdeu algum terreno, mas também há pessoas que são contra as carreiras porque pensam que elas são cimento. As carreiras não foram feitas para ser cimento, mas sim para dar aos cidadãos garantias de qualidade no processo. Foram criadas para não haver estagnação; para que se evolua; se vá mais longe.&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #990000;&quot;&gt;GH&lt;/span&gt; – &lt;strong&gt;&lt;em&gt;O senhor é um óptimo entrevistado, porque possibilita colocar na mesa as duas vertentes, uma vez que é médico de Saúde Pública e responsável por uma escola que forma gestores hospitalares. Em toda essa questão onde coloca o clínico? Qual o papel do médico nos tempos que correm?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000099;&quot;&gt;CS&lt;/span&gt; – Há vários desafios. Hoje, a Medicina Biomédica faz com que cada um seja diferente do outro. Eu tenho um bom amigo médico, que é turco e que trabalhou comigo na Organização Mundial de Saúde, e que nos últimos sete anos investiu num Centro de Genómica de Saúde Pública! Este centro, que é privado, faz o perfil comportamental e genético de uma pessoa e é capaz de lhe dizer “a senhora pode fumar porque o seu problema, no futuro, não vai ser o cancro do pulmão mas a osteoporose”. Já viu a maravilha? Estamos nesse caminho e, portanto, cada vez mais cada um de nós tem a possibilidade de gerir, à sua maneira, a informação sobre a sua saúde. A prática médica do futuro tem muito a ver com a evolução tecnologia, o conhecimento, a ética e também com a capacidade dos cidadãos para gerir a informação que têm ao seu alcance. Como percebe, isto vai alterar a prática clínica como é vista hoje. As organizações de saúde, por seu lado, têm que estar preparadas, têm que ser mais flexíveis, mais inteligentes. Ao mesmo tempo, os profissionais de saúde, que sonharam sempre serem independentes e ter o seu consultório próprio, têm que pensar em mudar essa vontade. Essa concepção paroquial que todos temos – porque todos nascemos numa paróquia com uma praça e uma igreja e que é uma noção do mundo muito quentinha – acaba por não estar adequada ao que se pretende. É impossível, dentro deste conceito, não fazer parte de grandes organizações. Hoje em dia é impossível seguir as pessoas, ao longo dos anos, sem articular vários sectores e locais. Agora vamos olhar para Portugal. O meu entusiasmo, crónico, pelos Cuidados de Saúde Primários, é porque julgo que encontrámos o modelo. Ou seja, aquilo que está a nascer, com grandes dificuldades, tem as características que salientei. As pessoas fazem parte de uma organização, de forma personalizada, negociada, articulada, que não tem uma estrutura demasiado comercial apesar de se aproximar muito daquilo que as pessoas julgam que é privado. Penso que neste caso, os médicos, principalmente os líderes, sabem que tem uma solução em mãos. Por enquanto pode ser imperfeita e incompleta mas há uma solução e não é teórica; está no terreno. Nos hospitais ainda não chegámos ao mesmo nível. As pessoas ainda não sentem que existe uma solução e eu ainda não percebi porque é que não foi possível avançar nesse sentido. Já me explicaram várias vezes mas eu ainda não entendi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Marina Caldas&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000;&quot;&gt;, GH n.º 41&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Curriculum Vitae:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #000099;&quot;&gt;Constantino Sakellarides&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;&gt; Licenciado em Medicina pela Universidade de Lisboa em 1967&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000;&quot;&gt;- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Mestre em Epidemiologia, pela Escola Nacional Saúde Pública em 1972&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;&gt;- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;&gt;Doutor em Saúde Pública pela Escola Nacional Saúde Pública em 1975&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000;&quot;&gt;- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Foi médico rural, delegado de saúde e assistente universitário em Moçambique (1967-1971)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000;&quot;&gt;- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Foi director do centro de Saúde Sofia Abecassis, em Lisboa, primeira experiência de Cuidados de Saúde Primários em meio urbano no país (1975-1981)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: 85%;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000;&quot;&gt;- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Colaborou com a Organização Mundial de Saúde, como consultor (1981-1983)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000;&quot;&gt;- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Foi o primeiro director académico da Escola Andaluza de Saúde Pública, Granada, Espanha&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000;&quot;&gt;- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Exerceu funções de coordenador de programas de cooperação da OMS com os países europeus (1987-90)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000;&quot;&gt;- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Desempenhou o cargo de director para as Politicas e os Serviços de Saúde da OMS/ Região Europeia (1991-1996)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000;&quot;&gt;- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Foi presidente do Conselho de Administração da ARS da Região de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo (1996/7)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000;&quot;&gt;- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Foi Director Geral da Saúde&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000;&quot;&gt;- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Coordenou o Observatório Português de Sistemas de Saúde&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000;&quot;&gt;- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Foi membro do Think Tank da OMS/Europa (2003) para a revisão da Estratégia Europeia da Saúde&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000;&quot;&gt;- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Foi condecorado com a Medalha de Ouro de Serviços Distintos do Ministério da saúde&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000;&quot;&gt;- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Professor catedrático em Politicas e Administração de Saúde, da Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública (ENSP), Universidade Nova de Lisboa &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 85%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;- Presidente Conselho Científico e membro do conselho directivo da ENSP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif; font-size: 85%;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000;&quot;&gt;- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Presidente Associação Portuguesa para a Promoção da Saúde&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #cc0000;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt; É actualmente Director da ENSP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/1847149464595825954'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/1847149464595825954'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://apontamentos.blogspot.com/2009/03/o-gestor-tem-de-ser-criativo.html' title='&quot;O Gestor tem de ser criativo...'/><author><name>victor</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14764343066231484956</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7gpCVxpH3fYYNDBkDAbgv91TnHIr6nyjtTuzHZa8FXpzIxGjzusyTlQXeIGkpWNfXGOAtpH295BnJvYOTVi_A4Ga17aMXNsaCpHmacokFTaneInmNgA2rZ8RG0pdj_Ad-UWj6/s72-c/Sakellarides+GH.gif" height="72" width="72"/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7735125.post-4117227556275160013</id><published>2014-07-27T13:30:00.001+01:00</published><updated>2014-07-27T13:34:16.897+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Entrevistas"/><title type='text'>João Carvalho das Neves na hora da despedida</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-yPzj63DqyzSTkQvF1VDZBRmQiPZRCu19sFJmM7Yie2exBYCmy9KVs3vuPycZAN04ZqV2Fgza5rqMeug2XGyIETj8nXT4hw1QSRLzBDR5mMTGqPXyHySoTHC91R7-JlNnV4-2/s1600/joaocarvalhodasneves.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-yPzj63DqyzSTkQvF1VDZBRmQiPZRCu19sFJmM7Yie2exBYCmy9KVs3vuPycZAN04ZqV2Fgza5rqMeug2XGyIETj8nXT4hw1QSRLzBDR5mMTGqPXyHySoTHC91R7-JlNnV4-2/s1600/joaocarvalhodasneves.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #bf9000;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;João Carvalho das Neves, Presidente da ACSS&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Défice na Saúde pode
ser eliminado já este ano&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;A eliminação do défice no sector da saúde, atingindo o &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;equilíbrio
operacional&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; — o que significa as receitas do ano serem suficientes para
cobrir as despesas — pode ser atingido já em 2014, antecipando a meta prevista
para 2015. Quem o diz é João Carvalho das Neves, presidente da Administração
Central do Sistema de Saúde (ACSS), entidade responsável pela gestão dos
recursos do Ministério da Saúde e do Serviço Nacional de Saúde (SNS): &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;“Estamos
a procurar antecipar. Estamos a trabalhar e a ter reuniões com os hospitais no
sentido de minimizar o défice e ver se, no conjunto, conseguimos já em 2014
atingir o equilíbrio”.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Em causa estão os hospitais EPE (entidade pública
empresarial), que em 2013 registaram um défice de €151 milhões. Já o conjunto
das entidades do sector da saúde englobadas na administração pública alcançou
um saldo positivo de €39 milhões. Tudo somado, o défice no ano passado foi de
€112 milhões. Números muito diferentes dos que encontrou quando assumiu a
presidência da ACSS, no verão de 2011, a convite do ministro Paulo Macedo, nota
João Carvalho das Neves: “As contas apresentavam um défice muito grande, de
€833 milhões em 2010, repartidos entre €626 milhões das entidades da
administração pública e €207 milhões dos hospitais EPE”.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Nesse ano, “o financiamento do Orçamento do Estado era de
€8,8 mil milhões e tem vindo a descer. Em 2013, foi de 7,8 mil milhões”. Ou
seja, “a diminuição do défice foi conseguida com uma redução do financiamento
de mil milhões”. Em 2014, o financiamento voltou a diminuir, em €300 milhões.
Valor que vai ser reposto. “Não se pode cortar sistematicamente na receita e
querer estar em equilíbrio. É preciso dosear”, justifica João Carvalho das
Neves.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;EXCEÇÃO À LEI DOS COMPROMISSOS&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“A redução da despesa não significou redução da atividade”,
garante o gestor, indicando que o número de consultas e de intervenções
cirúrgicas programadas “tem-se mantido estável”. Afasta também um cenário de
falta de medicamentos nos hospitais. “Não há paragem de serviço e como há
hospitais onde as receitas não dão para as despesas todas, alguns têm aumentado
a dívida”. Em xeque fica a lei dos compromissos. “E não houve consequências
para os administradores. Conhecemos as situações, são reportadas à
Direção-Geral do Orçamento e procuramos com as administrações encontrar
soluções, nomeadamente com alguns reforços”.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Qual foi, então, o segredo para reduzir a despesa?&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; “O preço
baixou”, responde Carvalho das Neves. Os cortes salariais na função pública e
“a redução das horas extraordinárias em quantidade — devido a melhor
organização dos hospitais e dos cuidados primários — e em preço” foram
cruciais. Tal como a aposta na prescrição “por substância ativa e não por
marca, que levou a um aumento significativo dos genéricos, que são mais
baratos”.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Houve ainda “uma redução de preços significativa nos
medicamentos e nas análises clínicas e imagiologia”. E que gerou muitas queixas
das associações do sector. João Carvalho das Neves é perentório: “Ao longo de
muitos anos, a indústria farmacêutica e as farmácias viveram com rentabilidades
acima do normal. Agora, há um ajustamento, e há empresas que estão em condições
de o fazer e outras não. O sistema de saúde não tem de existir para viabilizar
as farmácias, que têm de ser eficientes, como qualquer empresa.”&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O gestor também destaca o reforço do controlo. A começar
pelos medicamentos, graças ao centro de conferência de faturas, que permite um
conhecimento exato do consumo e da prescrição e combater a fraude. Mas, também,
do controlo de gestão. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Foram identificados os 15 hospitais com
maior risco&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; — com destaque para a região de Lisboa — e logo a partir de
outubro de 2011 “passaram a ter reuniões mensais connosco, para analisar as
contas e a atividade”.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;REPENSAR O SISTEMA&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;A redução da despesa tem sido feita “procurando manter o SNS
nos termos em que está”, diz João Carvalho das Neves. Mas, defende que é
preciso ir mais longe: “&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;A questão que devemos discutir, todos os
portugueses e não só os políticos, é a sustentabilidade do SNS, porque é
financiado através de impostos”.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Até porque, “&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;já estamos com um nível de
despesa em relação ao PIB um bocadinho abaixo da média da OCDE, à volta dos
4,5%.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Para reduzir mais é necessário refletir sobre que mudanças são
necessárias introduzir no SNS”, argumenta, salientando que as tendências na
saúde — como o envelhecimento populacional e a inovação nos produtos e equipamentos
— são todas de aumento de custos. A que se junta “um aumento do consumo dos
medicamentos”.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;A liberdade de escolha pelos utentes do centro de saúde ou
do hospital onde querem ser tratados é uma das transformações que o gestor
gostaria de ver avançar, porque “iria pressionar para uma melhor performance.
Sobretudo, se a receita das entidades fosse função dos serviços prestados, por
exemplo, o número de utentes geridos”, aponta João Carvalho das Neves. Contudo,
reconhece que “essa é uma questão política. Na ACSS cabe-nos implementar as
orientações que são dadas do ponto de vista político”.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;NOVA PPP PODE AVANÇAR ESTE ANO&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Falando sobre as as parcerias público-privadas (PPP) na
Saúde, João Carvalho das Neves diz que é “suspeito”, porque é favorável à
gestão privada. &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;“A PPP dá flexibilidade à gestão e o facto de haver um contrato muito
detalhado permite aos Estado controlar e exigir”.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; Além disso, &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;“os
custos são mais baixos na ordem dos 20%”,&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt; frisa. Por isso, faz um
balanço “positivo” destes projetos (hospitais de Braga, Loures, Cascais e Vila
franca de Xira).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Quanto ao futuro Hospital de Todos os Santos, o gestor
garante que “não houve um braço de ferro com a troika” em relação a este
projeto, mas “uma política que parou todas as PPP”. Agora, “creio que até ao final
do ano será lançado o concurso e que será em regime de PPP para a construção”,
revela João Carvalho das Neves. Sobre o facto da PPP se cingir à construção e
não incluir a gestão clínica, como acontece nas outras parcerias, argumenta que
tal se “deverá às dificuldades de integrar sete unidades (Santa Marta,
Estefânia, São José, Capuchos, Desterro, Curry Cabral e Maternidade Alfredo da
Costa) no novo hospital. Aliás, por isso, sou a favor de uma integração
faseada”.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“Positivo” é também o balanço que faz do trabalho com a
troika. A ACSS foi responsável por muitas das medidas definidas para a área da
Saúde e “o pronto de situação foi sempre feito e é isso que deve ser feito
quando se gere uma empresa, ou seja, avaliar se os progressos foram atingidos”.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394;&quot;&gt;Semanário Expresso, 27.07.14&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #bf9000;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;PERFIL&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Nome &lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;João Carvalho das Neves&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Cargo Presidente da Administração Central do Sistema de
Saúde (ACSS), entidade que gere os recursos financeiros e humanos do Ministério
da Saúde e do Serviço Nacional de Saúde (SNS) e as instalações e equipamentos
do SNS&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Carreira É professor catedrático em Gestão (finanças e
controlo) no Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão. Foi administrador
executivo do BPN (2008) e presidente executivo da Sociedade Lusa de Negócios
(2008-2009) na equipa de Miguel Cadilhe, onde coordenou as auditorias ao grupo
e liderou as áreas financeira e do controlo de gestão. Foi gestor judicial
(1993-1998) responsável pelos planos de reestruturação da Torralta, da TVI e do
Casino-Hotel de Tróia&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Projetos O mandato de três anos na ACSS termina no final de
julho e pretende regressar ao sector privado, em áreas como a Saúde
(aproveitando os conhecimentos e know-how adquiridos à frente da ACSS) ou
financeira (onde tem larga experiência)&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Hóbis é praticante de judo (4º dan), chi-kung, shiatsu e
mindfulness, trazendo para a gestão os ensinamentos das artes marciais.
Interessa-se pela cultura oriental e pela cozinha vegetariana&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/4117227556275160013'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/4117227556275160013'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://apontamentos.blogspot.com/2014/07/joao-carvalho-das-neves-na-hora-da.html' title='João Carvalho das Neves na hora da despedida'/><author><name>victor</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14764343066231484956</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi-yPzj63DqyzSTkQvF1VDZBRmQiPZRCu19sFJmM7Yie2exBYCmy9KVs3vuPycZAN04ZqV2Fgza5rqMeug2XGyIETj8nXT4hw1QSRLzBDR5mMTGqPXyHySoTHC91R7-JlNnV4-2/s72-c/joaocarvalhodasneves.jpg" height="72" width="72"/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7735125.post-3360792805281087806</id><published>2013-05-25T00:34:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2013-05-25T00:35:01.078+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="CSP"/><title type='text'>5.º Encontro das USF </title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #bf9000;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;«A situação actual é paradoxal»&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O presidente da USF-AN, Bernardo Vilas Boas, &amp;nbsp;considera que o momento actual da
reforma dos cuidados de saúde primários «é paradoxal», tendo em conta as
«ameaças» e obstáculos» que a mesma tem vivido nos últimos tempos. E recorreu a
conclusões de estudos recentes para demonstrar o descontentamento dos
profissionais com a situação. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O último dia do 5.º Encontro Nacional das USF, realizado
entre 9 e 11 de Maio, em Lisboa, ficou marcado pelo discurso de encerramento
proferido pelo presidente da Unidades de Saúde Familiar — Associação Nacional
(USF-AN), Bernardo Vilas Boas. O responsável analisou o momento presente da
reforma dos cuidados de saúde primários (CSP), com base em estudos também
divulgados no mesmo dia, e considerou que «a situação actual é paradoxal».
«Quando o País mais precisa de eficiência, que as USF e os CSP protagonizam,
não se compreende que 2012 tenha sido o ano em que houve menor investimento nas
USF, maiores ameaças e maiores obstáculos ao desenvolvimento da reforma dos
CSP, e que esta tendência se tenha agravado nos primeiros quatro meses de
2013», afirmou. Para o médico, «estas hesitações são ainda mais difíceis de
entender, considerando que a troika recomenda a implementação das USF, em
particular as que têm um regime retributivo sensível ao desempenho, e que
existe um vasto consenso em todos os partidos políticos representados na AR,
nos sindicatos, ordens e associações profissionais a favor do desenvolvimento
da reforma dos CSP». &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Bernardo Vilas Boas reforçou o seu discurso recorrendo aos
resultados de dois estudos de investigação divulgados no encontro nesse mesmo
dia. Um deles foi o estudo «Momento Actual», que tem vindo a ser levado a cabo
anualmente e que mais uma vez foi apresentado por André Biscaia, médico de
família na USF Marginal. Entre as conclusões obtidas destacam-se a
«insatisfação crescente» com o que se está a viver actualmente em termos de
CSP, sendo que os coordenadores de USF insatisfeitos já são mais de 60%,
enquanto em 2009 esta percentagem correspondia exactamente aos coordenadores
satisfeitos. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Expectativas traídas &lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Tendo em conta que o estudo do «Momento Actual» demonstra
que a evolução para modelo B é desejada e constitui um objectivo para cerca de
80% das USF modelo A, Bernardo Vilas Boas não hesita em considerar que a
recente legislação neste âmbito «trai as justas expectativas das equipas». &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;No mesmo estudo, 51,5% dos coordenadores das USF afirmam-se
insatisfeitos com a actuação actual do Ministério da Saúde. «Naturalmente
porque esperavam dele a confiança, a aposta, o investimento, o compromisso e o
cumprimento que não têm acontecido», justificou o responsável. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Outra investigação de que Bernardo Vilas Boas se socorreu foi
a apresentada por José Luís Biscaia, médico de família na USF S. Julião da
Figueira, intitulada «Estudo comparativo das USF e UCSP». Considerado pelo
presidente da USF-AN como «um marco importante em relação à transparência e
análise de informação», este estudo resultou de uma parceria «inédita» com a
Administração Central dos Sistemas de Saúde (ACSS), que, segundo os
responsáveis do estudo, facultou o acesso a toda a informação solicitada para a
elaboração do mesmo. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;«O estudo de avaliação das UCSP e das USF demonstra
inequivocamente que as USF, em particular as USF modelo B, produzem mais e
melhor, diminuem custos, diminuem despesa e geram eficiência», afirmou Bernardo
Vilas Boas. Assim, nas suas palavras, «não se compreende que os ministérios da
Saúde e das Finanças compactuem com situações como a da USF de Albufeira que
aguarda há mais de um ano pela progressão a modelo B. Da mesma forma, no Norte,
há oito USF com parecer favorável em 2013, que aguardam pela passagem a modelo
B, sem qualquer previsão sobre quando tal acontecerá». &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Motivos da estagnação &lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Mas afinal, porque é que «não fomos mais longe» na reforma
dos CSP? A resposta à pergunta de Bernardo Vilas Boas é encontrada também nas
conclusões do estudo «Momento Actual», o qual permite identificar três grandes
razões: sistemas de informação, recursos humanos e contratualização. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Em relação aos sistemas de informação, o médico de família
lembrou que «os factos, ao longo destes sete anos, demonstram que não houve,
neste domínio, decisão política coerente com a reforma». «Foi dada prioridade
ao investimento em soluções de apoio à gestão intermédia e central, em
detrimento das soluções operacionais de apoio à decisão clínica e de gestão»,
afirmou. E considerou mesmo «surpreendente» que «não tenham existido os meios
necessários para implementar uma aplicação operacional robusta e
tecnologicamente actualizada para substituir o SAM/SAPE/SINUS, mas tenham
existido meios para a concepção de duas ferramentas — o SIARS e o MIM@UF — que
servem prioritariamente necessidades e prioridades da administração intermédia
e central». &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Já em relação à contratualização, o clínico criticou que se
estejam continuamente a elevar os objectivos, já que «não estão demonstradas as
vantagens de colocar sempre metas mais elevadas, e é eticamente discutível a
pressão dos profissionais sobre os cidadãos, para conseguir cumprir metas
desajustadas, sem evidência de ganhos clínicos, quando comparadas com
resultados internacionais. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Será que se trata de uma parceria win-win?» &lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Numa sessão em que os aplausos foram muitos quando o tema
era a motivação que todos os profissionais sentem por se verem envolvidos num
modelo organizacional como o das USF, houve um momento em que o entusiasmo foi
refreado. Esse momento aconteceu quando João Bilhim, presidente da Comissão de
Recrutamento e Selecção para a Administração Pública, foi convidado a comentar
as conclusões dos estudos apresentados. Referindo-se à estranheza referida
pelos diversos oradores pelo facto de o Governo não estar a apostar mais num
modelo que já provou ser vantajoso, o economista frisou que «todo o negócio,
para ser um bom negócio, tem de ser uma parceria win-win». «Se a parceria é bem
feita, então, todos querem avançar. Por isso, interrogo-me: Será que se trata
de uma parceria win-win?», questionou sem esconder um tom irónico. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Ainda assim, e aludindo ao facto de que um dos objectivos do
encontro passava por encontrar «um modelo positivo para o futuro», João Bilhim
não hesitou em considerar que tal já foi encontrado. «Esse modelo positivo já
vocês têm», afirmou, apontando o «grande activo» que é «o trabalho com as
pessoas, as equipas». &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Desmotivação dos profissionais &lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Para Bernardo Vilas Boas, um dos motivos da desmotivação dos
profissionais das USF — cifrada em 35% de insatisfação no estudo apresentado
por André Biscaia — prende-se com «a criação de racionais e de percentis
baseados em dados dos anos anteriores e a imposição de metas de indicadores,
com base nos mesmos», já que se revelam «metas que se tornam progressivamente
inatingíveis». Neste contexto, o especialista de Medicina Geral e Familiar
salientou que «os resultados devem ter em conta a população, a prevalência de
doenças, os recursos em saúde e socioeconómicos, criando clusters de USF, com
uma avaliação multidimensional, comparáveis entre si. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Por outro lado, o presidente da USF-AN referiu-se aos
recursos humanos das USF, os quais são «em muitos casos precários», pelo que
«exigem uma nova política, baseada no estímulo material e espiritual».
«Acreditar nas pessoas deve ser o princípio», afirmou, acrescentando que «o
controlo baseado na desconfiança e no medo, autoritário e arbitrário, não faz
qualquer sentido». &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Apesar de admitir que «a situação de precariedade dos
profissionais nas USF, em particular enfermeiros e secretários clínicos,
evoluiu positivamente», o dirigente garantiu que a Associação irá continuar «a
lutar pela estabilidade das equipas e pelo fim dos contratos a termo». &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Bons resultados das USF e BI destas unidades &lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Ao apresentar o «Estudo comparativo das USF e UCSP», José
Luís Biscaia deu a conhecer um projecto que está a ser desenvolvido pela
USF-AN, denominado «portal BI das USF». O objectivo é, como o próprio nome
indica, disponibilizar online toda a informação que caracteriza cada uma das
USF existentes no País, permitindo «perceber a evolução dos indicadores e até
levar a cabo processos benchmarking entre USF», referiu o médico. Acima de tudo,
pretende-se que seja «um dispositivo de conhecimento e de melhoria contínua»,
favorecendo a «transparência e a prestação de contas». &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;A apresentação do portal (que ainda não está acessível)
fez-se com os dados obtidos com o estudo que comparou as USF com as UCSP e
deixou os presentes convencidos. Embora não fosse possível à assistência
retirar dados numéricos da apresentação, deu para, através da demonstração
gráfica, perceber a evolução positiva dos indicadores por parte das USF. De
acordo com José Luís Biscaia, «fica claro nestes resultados que o modelo
organizacional USF tem mais oferta, garante mais acesso, produz mais e melhores
resultados e é inequívoco que é mais eficiente». Por outro lado, salientou que
as USF modelo B são as que apresentam «maior qualidade organizacional e
complexidade ao nível da contratualização, devido ao sistema retributivo misto
ligado ao desempenho». &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Por tudo isto, o médico de família frisou que as USF são o
«motor» da reforma dos CSP. «Importa perceber que os CSP em Portugal, apesar de
tudo, têm tido uma evolução globalmente positiva e a marca USF e o modelo B são
factores de sustentabilidade». Até porque, justificou, «a vantagem é que nós,
todos nós, sabemos do negócio». &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Baixa taxa de respostas &lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Ao apresentar as conclusões do estudo «Momento Actual»,
André Biscaia chamou a atenção para um aspecto menos positivo e que se prende
com as baixas taxas de resposta. Com efeito, no questionário dirigido a
coordenadores de USF, este valor cifrou-se em 41%, tendo vindo a descer desde
que o estudo começou a ser realizado. «Os coordenadores têm de ser as pessoas
mais motivadas dentro das USF e devem ver estes estudos quase como
obrigatórios», sublinhou, recordando que «estas respostas são pontos de
argumentação fortíssimos, mas serão tanto mais fortes quanto mais fortes forem
também as respostas». &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Programa da USF-AN para 2013-2016 &lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;No final do dia 10 de Maio realizou-se a assembleia
eleitoral da USF-AN para o próximo triénio. A Lista A, encabeçada por Bernardo
Vilas Boas, foi eleita por 126 votos num total de 129 votos. No discurso de
encerramento, o presidente reeleito apresentou a linha estratégica da
Associação para 2013-2016, assumindo que o programa «compreende enormes
desafios». «Realizá-los requer uma organização forte e flexível, com
funcionamento diversificado e divergente, uma rede de comunicação e partilha,
de concepção e de acção cada vez mais participadas, em que todos tenham
consciência do seu papel e das prioridades colectivas», referiu. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Além dos diversos compromissos assumidos pela organização,
Bernardo Vilas Boas explicou que a USF-AN continuará a defender e propor o
«início de funções a curto prazo de todas as USF que têm candidaturas com
parecer técnico favorável», bem como a «evolução imediata para modelo B, com homologação
pelos conselhos directivos das administrações regionais de saúde, de todas as
USF que têm parecer técnico favorável». &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Entre os restantes compromissos da USF-AN contam-se o «fim
da situação de contratos precários dos profissionais das USF»; «existência de
«sistemas de informação com ferramentas de ajuda à decisão e governação clínica
e de saúde»; «aperfeiçoamento do processo de contratualização e respeito pelos
seus princípios fundamentais»; «acesso fácil das USF à acreditação, desde que
cumpram critérios base definidos»; «revisão do DL n.º 298/2007 das USF e da
Portaria dos incentivos, que conduza a uma situação mais justa, equilibrada e
avançada, com total respeito pela negociação sindical»; «implementação da
autonomia gestionária dos Aces prevista no DL n.º 28/2008»; «nomeação de
directores executivos para os Aces com base em critérios de competência e de
coerência com a reforma» e «responsabilização, avaliação e adopção de práticas
transparentes na administração de saúde». &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394;&quot;&gt;Tempo de Medicina&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/3360792805281087806'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/3360792805281087806'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://apontamentos.blogspot.com/2013/05/5-encontro-das-usf.html' title='5.º Encontro das USF '/><author><name>victor</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14764343066231484956</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7735125.post-4941886355425553959</id><published>2013-05-22T23:58:00.001+01:00</published><updated>2013-05-23T00:07:41.437+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Entrevistas"/><title type='text'>Manuel Teixeira, entrevista ao JN</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Os hospitais do SNS terão de
reduzir custos em pelo menos 268 milhões de euros em dois anos. As poupanças
potenciais são da ordem dos 500 milhões.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d;&quot;&gt;O &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.acss.min-saude.pt/Portals/0/Relat%C3%B3rio%20de%20benchmarking_2012.pdf&quot;&gt;relatório de ‘benchmarking’&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;aponta para a existência de poupanças potenciais da ordem dos 500 milhões de
euros no conjunto dos hospitais do SNS. O secretário de Estado da Saúde afirma,
em entrevista, que nem todas essas poupanças são capturáveis. Mas o objectivo é
equilibrar os resultados operacionais em dois anos.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394;&quot;&gt;Jornal de Negócios:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d;&quot;&gt; O que é que o Governo
vai fazer com o relatório sobre os indicadores de referência dos hospitais do
SNS?&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Manuel Teixeira:&lt;/b&gt; Esse trabalho insere-se numa estratégia de reforço dos modelos de governação
dos hospitais EPE [Entidades Públicas Empresariais], aquilo que designamos como
reforma hospitalar. É um instrumento de gestão para cada hospital e para o
universo hospitalar. Serve ainda para aumentar a transparência para os
cidadãos. À medida que este instrumento for evoluindo, em particular com mais
indicadores de qualidade, os cidadãos podem saber qual o tipo de instituição
que frequentam.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Qual é a vantagem se não
há liberdade de escolha? &amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Mas uma das estratégias do Governo é fazer a síntese entre a liberdade de
escolha e a referenciação. Aliás, na consulta a tempo e horas, uma das
alterações que o Governo fez recentemente foi obrigar os centros de saúde a
informar o tempo de espera, para consulta, em cada um dos hospitais, para que o
cidadão possa fazer uma escolha informada. Paulatinamente e de maneira que seja
compatível com a organização do nosso SNS, esse princípio de liberdade de
escolha pode ser utilizável no sistema.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O relatório é um retrato
dos hospitais do SNS. É uma fotografia positiva? &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Como acontece com um retrato, dá-nos boas notícias. As nossas instituições
aparecem bem em vários indicadores, menos bem noutros. As boas notícias são,
por exemplo, na qualidade. A taxa de reinternamento em 30 dias, que quando é
muito elevada revela que as pessoas tiveram altas precoces, está nos 10%, em
média. O que compara muito bem em termos internacionais. Nos EUA essa taxa é de
20%. Também comparamos bem nas taxas de cirurgia em ambulatória, que é bastante
elevada em Portugal.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;E quais são os que
comparamos mal?&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Comparamos menos bem na demora média. Há aqui progressos que podem ser feitos.
Em relação ao acesso é possível fazer progressos nas consultas, assim como na
cirurgia. Mas mesmo nestes casos há uma boa notícia: podemos melhorar, quer no
acesso quer na qualidade, e mesmo assim aumentar a eficiência dos hospitais,
fazer isto com menos custos. Este relatório prova isso de forma cristalina.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Comparamos bem a nível
internacional nos indicadores económico-financeiros?&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Os nossos custos por doente-padrão são bons indicadores, ainda que esta
metodologia não permita comparações simples. E quando nós comparamos as nossas
instituições entre si, por grupos homogéneos, verificamos que há espaço para os
hospitais diminuírem custos. Claro que não é possível capturar, na totalidade,
essa poupança potencial.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A poupança potencial
identificada é de 508 milhões de euros. Quanto é que é possível capturar? &amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Não é possível atingir essa poupança na totalidade, desde logo porque acontece
em todas as áreas. É impossível colocar a fraude fiscal em zero. Por outro
lado, por questões conceptuais: parte dessas poupanças potenciais derivam da
metodologia. Isto acontece nos hospitais que estão na fronteira dos grupos
homogéneos, que têm obviamente custos unitários mais altos que os do seu grupo
porque estão mais próximo dos mais complexos. Mas pelo facto de se pertencer ao
grupo mais complexo, o &quot;E&quot;, isso não significa que aumente a dificuldade
de poupança. Quando comparamos o hospital de São João com os do seu grupo, a
informação que retiramos é que existe ali um potencial de poupança capturável.
É impossível não haver. É uma indicação boa para a gestão interna dos hospitais
e macro.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Destes 500 milhões de
euros, quanto é capturável? &amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Confesso que não consigo dizer, tendo em conta o conjunto de razões que tentei
transmitir. O plano estratégico tem de garantir que o conjunto dos hospitais
EPE equilibra as contas no final de 2015. Neste momento, de acordo com dados
provisórios, porque os hospitais ainda não fecharam contas na totalidade,
aparece aí um resultado operacional negativo de 268 milhões de euros. Pelo
menos é necessário capturar poupanças de custos que permitam reequilibrar [as
contas].&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;O hospital que apresenta
uma poupança potencial mais significativa é o Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa
Norte. Vai merecer uma atenção especial? &amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Todos merecem uma atenção especial, em particular aqueles onde parece haver
indícios muito claros de que existem poupanças potenciais a serem capturadas. O
Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Norte é um dos casos. No âmbito do planeamento
estratégico, estamos a fazer esse exercício, bem como no âmbito do contrato de
gestão, que faz o vínculo entre a gestão e o Estado. E estamos a ver, de forma
muito pormenorizada, o que é possível fazer.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Esta é a fase de
identificar quais são as poupanças capturáveis? &amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Exacto. Quando estamos a fazer planeamento estratégico e definição do contrato
de gestão, aquilo que procuramos é tentar encontrar valores realistas que a
gestão possa atingir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Já fecharam alguns
desses contratos de gestão? &amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Fechámos poucos. O planeamento estratégico tem datas. E este estará apenas
fechado e validado pelas ARS e pela ACSS em Junho.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Qual é a consequência do
incumprimento deste contrato? &amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Pode levar a que a tutela considere que a gestão não é capaz de cumprir aqueles
objectivos, pelo que tem de ser destituída.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pode identificar três
medidas para reforçar ou melhorar em termos gerais a eficiência, a qualidade, o
acesso nos hospitais? &amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Por exemplo, em relação à qualidade. Uma questão muitíssimo importante é a da
infecção hospitalar. Um hospital que tenha elevado índice de infecção
hospitalar acaba por ter internamentos com demoras muito elevadas, o que também
aumenta os custos. Cada hospital tem nesta altura uma comissão nomeada relativa
à infecção hospitalar. Outra medida importante é a dos registos clínicos, a
plataforma de dados em saúde, que permite aumentar a eficiência. Depois,
obviamente, a própria reestruturação da oferta hospitalar, que está a ser
estudada e implementada.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;A reestruturação está
relacionada com o encerramento de algumas entidades? &amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Não a vemos tanto assim. Não quer dizer que não possa acontecer. Veja no caso
de Coimbra onde agora só há uma urgência aberta. Há também evoluções em relação
à própria urgência metropolitana. É reorganização no sentido de oferecer
melhores cuidados à população, mas sendo eficiente, utilizando menos recursos.
Não temos nenhuma paixão por encerrar hospitais. Encerra-se apenas se for
inútil e se prejudicar de facto a população, se não introduzir nenhum valor em
relação à rede de cuidados.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Manuel Teixeira, Jornal de
Negócios 16.05.13&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/4941886355425553959'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/4941886355425553959'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://apontamentos.blogspot.com/2013/05/manuel-teixeira-entrevista-ao-jn.html' title='Manuel Teixeira, entrevista ao JN'/><author><name>victor</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14764343066231484956</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7735125.post-8279062472131315954</id><published>2013-05-02T23:37:00.001+01:00</published><updated>2013-05-02T23:44:11.994+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Entrevistas"/><title type='text'>Thomas Herndon</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg92uLUj3VmFc8yfXe_ERkOBTdzwIUn9vRgxfnKqM0172ue9DViVj4nYCl_i2_w-DJ5gAPEVPZiWWY-Z7vHjhXLTjqKTfPoaIoHfFu5xI7l3mE9NEYny3R5BTPZgApR_tviW0_a/s1600/Thomas+Herndon+02.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg92uLUj3VmFc8yfXe_ERkOBTdzwIUn9vRgxfnKqM0172ue9DViVj4nYCl_i2_w-DJ5gAPEVPZiWWY-Z7vHjhXLTjqKTfPoaIoHfFu5xI7l3mE9NEYny3R5BTPZgApR_tviW0_a/s200/Thomas+Herndon+02.jpg&quot; width=&quot;150&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Responsável pela crítica ao trabalho de Rogoff e Reinhart sobre
o impacto da dívida no crescimento económico, Thomas Herndon é o novo herói dos
keynesianos. Leia a entrevista com Thomas Herndon.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;O Negócios apanhou Thomas
Herndon na viagem de regresso a Massachusetts, depois de um salto a Nova Iorque
para gravar um episódio do Colbert Report, programa satírico, da mesma equipa
que faz o Daily Show, de Jon Stewart. Nada mau para um estudante de economia de
28 anos e de quem, até há 15 dias, nunca ninguém tinha ouvido falar. A sua
crítica ao estudo de Rogoff e Reinhart lançou-o para o estrelato académico.
Hoje, uma pesquisa pelo seu nome dá origem a mais de oito milhões de
resultados. O dobro do Nobel da Economia Joseph Stiglitz, por exemplo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;Em poucos dias a sua
vida mudou drasticamente.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;Sim, foi exactamente isso. A resposta dos media tem sido fantástica. Um
furacão. Mas estou contente por as pessoas estarem a dar atenção a isto, porque
é um assunto muito importante, que afecta imensas pessoas em todo o mundo...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;Quando escreveu o seu
artigo, esperava esta reacção?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;Nunca. Não havia maneira de antecipar isto. Era um &quot;paper&quot; de
replicação de econometria, não pensei que o mundo inteiro ficasse tão fascinado
com ele. Sabia que era um tópico importante, principalmente entre os
economistas, que era uma descoberta importante e que haveria alguma resposta
dos media. Mas nada próximo disto.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;Pode explicar o
processo?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;Todos os semestres temos de fazer replicações para a cadeira de econometria.
Passei um semestre e meio a tentar replicar os resultados [do &quot;paper&quot;
de Rogoff e Reinhart] utilizando as fontes de informação publicamente
disponíveis. Não consegui. Inicialmente, quando não estava a conseguir chegar à
média deles, achei que tinha provavelmente cometido um erro. No entanto, à
medida que o tempo passou e eu revi, vi e revi novamente o meu trabalho,
cheguei à conclusão que não tinha sido eu a cometer o erro e que deveria haver
algo de muito errado com o estudo deles. Contudo, só quando recebi a folha de
Excel é que consegui identificar rapidamente os erros.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;Qual foi a reacção de
Rogoff e Reinhart (R-R) quando lhes pediu a folha de Excel?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;Os primeiros emails que enviei não obtiveram resposta. Só quando a data de
publicação do &quot;paper&quot; se começou a aproximar e eu lhes disse que
gostava de ver a folha de Excel para ter a certeza que não tinha cometido
nenhum erro é que eles me disseram ‘aqui está a folha de Excel, não tivemos
tempo de olhar para as tuas perguntas, mas está aí tudo de forma muito clara,
estás à vontade para publicar os resultados que tens’.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;Qual foi a primeira
coisa que lhe passou pela cabeça quando viu o erro de Excel?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;Não queria acreditar nos meus olhos. Achava que tinha de haver outra
explicação. ‘Devo estar a ler isto mal.’ Não havia maneira de eles terem
cometido um erro de cálculo tão básico. A primeira coisa que fiz foi pedir à
minha namorada para ver se eu estava a ler mal. Ela é investigadora de
sociologia, trabalha com muitos dados, é perspicaz e muito atenta a pormenores.
Ela disse-me ‘não Tom, não acho que estejas a ler mal, tens de mandar isto aos
teus professores imediatamente’.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;Nessa altura
apercebeu-se que estava a destruir um dos pilares teóricos da estratégia de
austeridade?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;Quer dizer... Eu já estava bastante céptico em relação aos argumentos de R-R e
havia outras críticas dentro do meio ao estudo deles. Mas nós conseguimos ter
provas conclusivas. Sabia que estávamos a documentar todos os erros do
&quot;paper&quot; e que não havia maneira de eles manterem as suas conclusões.
Tínhamos refutado completamente o argumento deles e sabíamos que, se as pessoas
ouvissem, teria impacto nas políticas.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;As atenções centraram-se
no erro de Excel, mas os outros erros metodológicos não foram mais importantes?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;Quantitativamente sim, eles tiveram mais impacto. O engraçado é que nenhum dos
erros, por eles próprios, teriam sido suficientes para criar aquela média
negativa, mas todos juntos já foi possível. A exclusão de dados e o sistema de
pesos, que tornou a média muito sensível a outliers [valores atípicos], tiveram
um impacto maior que o erro de Excel.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;Apesar das fragilidades
do paper de R-R, admite que existe uma relação entre uma dívida elevada e um
crescimento mais lento? Acha que a relação funciona ao contrário?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;Essa é precisamente a minha posição. Daí ter escolhido o paper de R-R: achava
que eles tinham identificado a causalidade ao contrário. Existe uma relação
entre dívida e crescimento, mas é um crescimento baixo que provoca uma dívida
mais elevada.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;Leu a resposta de R-R?&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;Fiquei muito insatisfeito com a resposta. Existem imensas razões plausíveis
para omitir dados num estudo ou encontrar métodos alternativos para construir a
média. O problema é que eles não justificaram ou descreveram o que fizeram.
Qualquer investigador externo que tentasse replicar o estudo não conseguia
chegar às mesmas conclusões. Não defendemos que houve intenções malévolas, mas
as decisões metodológicas devem ser justificadas por escrito. É assim que a
ciência funciona.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;Mas se for utilizada a
mediana os resultados deles não são consistentes com os vossos?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;Não achamos que essa interpretação seja correcta. Paul Krugman teve a melhor
resposta a isso: são maçãs e laranjas, certo? Não podes varrer os teus maus
resultados para debaixo de um tapete, apontando para os resultados onde não
cometeste um erro grosseiro. Além disso, eles não dizem nada sobre a segunda
parte do nosso &quot;paper&quot;, onde nós rejeitamos claramente o limite dos
90%. Mostramos que as diferenças de crescimento não são estatisticamente
significativas e que a correlação negativa que eles observam vai enfraquecendo
à medida que nos aproximamos do presente. Aliás, no período mais recente, entre
2009 e 2010, a média de crescimento para países com mais de 90% de dívida foi
mais elevada do que para os que tinham dívidas entre 60% e 90%.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;Agora que a poeira já
assentou um pouco, acha que os erros de R-R foram intencionais?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;Nós optámos por não falar sobre isso. Na resposta de R-R, eles dizem que nós os
acusamos de serem desonestos, mas não foi isso que fizemos. Simplesmente
documentámos todos os erros que observámos. É muito difícil falar sobre as
intenções de alguém, mas eu gostava realmente de saber. Como se pode explicar
tudo isto? Adorava saber. É algo acerca do qual me tenho questionado. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-GB&quot; style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;Deixou-me perplexo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;Qual foi o verdadeiro
impacto do estudo de Rogoff e Reinhart (R-R)?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;É difícil dizer. Como economista, claro que gostamos de pensar que o nosso
&quot;paper&quot; afecta políticas e muda a opinião das pessoas. A verdade é
que aquele número – 90% – era o mais citado por responsáveis políticos em todo
o mundo e pelos media. Nesse aspecto teve um papel importante para justificar
políticas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;Ter uma dívida pública
de 90% do PIB não é excessivo para um país?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;Ninguém quer ter uma dívida elevada e ninguém defende isso. Mas tem de se olhar
para as circunstâncias concretas de um país. O endividamento público tem um
papel importante a desempenhar nas políticas. Quando se olha para as
circunstâncias actuais que envolvem os EUA e outras economias avançadas –
recessão, taxas de juro baixas e desemprego elevado – estão reunidas
precisamente as condições em que se esperaria que o endividamento público
pudesse ter efeitos muito positivos. São essas as políticas de que precisamos.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;Na Europa, e em
específico em Portugal, estão a decorrer duros programas de austeridade. Que
opinião tem sobre essa estratégia?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;As políticas de austeridade têm neste momento um grande impacto negativo, quase
sem obterem resultados positivos. É muito contraprodutivo e causa dor e
sofrimento desnecessário a muitas pessoas em todo o mundo.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;Não existe mérito na
tentativa de equilibrar das contas públicas?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;Nas actuais circunstâncias, acho que a austeridade é contra produtiva e, como
faz a economia contrair, torna o problema da dívida ainda pior. É exactamente a
coisa errada a fazer.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;O vosso estudo vai mudar
alguma coisa?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;É difícil para mim prever o futuro. Nunca pensei que o &quot;paper&quot; se
tornasse tão popular. Ainda assim, parece haver já indicações de algum impacto.
Por exemplo, o economista conservador John Taylor escreveu que não gostou das
[nossas] conclusões, mas apontava que no G20 eles omitiram metas de dívida,
citando o nosso estudo. Fico contente por ter contribuído para isso e espero
continuar a desempenhar algum tipo de papel.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;Tornou-se uma espécie de
herói para os keynesianos.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;Recebi muitas palavras simpáticas de outros membros da profissão e isso faz-me
sentir bem. Essa parte do herói já não sei... tento apenas trabalhar e ajudar a
minha comunidade. Custa-me ver as pessoas a sofrerem com políticas de
austeridade. Se eu puder mudar isso, é o que quero fazer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;Imagino que agora esteja
muito ocupado com entrevistas, mas o que espera fazer depois?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;O meu próximo objectivo é terminar todos os trabalhos deste semestre. Ainda
estou em aulas, tenho um exame de microeconomia muito difícil para fazer e um
problema terrível de séries históricas para resolver. Durante o Verão acho que
vou regressar ao paper de R-R. O objectivo inicial era replicar os resultados e
depois aplicar técnicas estatísticas mais avançadas para explorar a questão da
causalidade. Nunca o chegámos a fazer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;Vê-se a trabalhar em
política?&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;Se puder trabalhar em políticas no futuro, acho que gostaria disso. Mas se
significar ser conselheiro de um político, não sei se quero isso... Em geral,
ensinar, investigar e políticas públicas é o que gosto mais.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 10.5pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394;&quot;&gt;Jornal de Negócios 02.05.13&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2d2d2d;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; margin-bottom: 12pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/8279062472131315954'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/8279062472131315954'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://apontamentos.blogspot.com/2013/05/thomas-herndon.html' title='Thomas Herndon'/><author><name>victor</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14764343066231484956</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg92uLUj3VmFc8yfXe_ERkOBTdzwIUn9vRgxfnKqM0172ue9DViVj4nYCl_i2_w-DJ5gAPEVPZiWWY-Z7vHjhXLTjqKTfPoaIoHfFu5xI7l3mE9NEYny3R5BTPZgApR_tviW0_a/s72-c/Thomas+Herndon+02.jpg" height="72" width="72"/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7735125.post-8689079550411745952</id><published>2013-04-29T21:51:00.002+01:00</published><updated>2013-04-29T21:51:43.717+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Politica Nacional"/><title type='text'>Mais cortes na área social</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7sOJKvMDzAiu4ymqli7FRTvrMMaiMpEEktCVzKq43qRbMOoRwkfBiWGLytEZHNvBoOec7Z7H6gFRTFDZukU5964QhK2DlId2x9bQ87bq8n0Ro7lpVqFY3_s8wrLVg5ODBTrdb/s1600/OE+2013+jp+25.04.13.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7sOJKvMDzAiu4ymqli7FRTvrMMaiMpEEktCVzKq43qRbMOoRwkfBiWGLytEZHNvBoOec7Z7H6gFRTFDZukU5964QhK2DlId2x9bQ87bq8n0Ro7lpVqFY3_s8wrLVg5ODBTrdb/s1600/OE+2013+jp+25.04.13.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;crete361&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O Orçamento que já
não o é e os mitos da despesa pública&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;É difícil comentar a execução de um Orçamento que já não o é. O Orçamento
do Estado (OE) 2013,&amp;nbsp;terá que ser substantivamente alterado pelo Orçamento rectificativo. O
objectivo para o défice orçamental aumentou para 5,5% do PIB, é preciso
considerar o aumento das despesas com pensões e salários da função pública para
acomodar as decisões de inconstitucionalidade do Tribunal Constitucional, bem
como compensar os cortes previstos nos subsídios de doença e desemprego que
também foram considerados inconstitucionais.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;crete361&quot;&gt;Para além disto, as receitas fiscais foram estimadas num cenário de recessão
de 1%, quando ele agora&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;é de 2,3%. Em suma, o rectificativo que aí vem não é apenas uma pequena
rectificação, mas uma&amp;nbsp;alteração com impacto nos grandes agregados orçamentais.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;crete361&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;De qualquer modo, o OE2013 é a base que temos e é importante
compreendê-lo para se perceber coisas tão diferentes como estas: que margem de manobra
tem (ou não tem) o Governo após as decisões do TC? Em que falamos quando referimos
“reforma do Estado”?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;crete361&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;A &lt;b&gt;figura &lt;/b&gt;(acima) apresenta a estrutura da despesa (consolidada) da administração
central e Segurança Social (AC+SS) orçamentada no OE, isto, é onde se retiraram
apenas as transferências para a administração regional e local. A despesa com
pensões e as despesas com pessoal representam 50% desta despesa.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;crete361&quot;&gt;Aqui a margem de manobra do Governo reduziu-se drasticamente com o
acórdão. Ao não poder&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;mexer em salários, o Governo mexerá porventura no emprego público, o que
é muito pior.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;crete361&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Adicione-se agora as despesas na aquisição de serviços na área da saúde
(medicamentos, meios auxiliares de diagnóstico, aquisição de serviços a
hospitais empresarializados, etc.), as outras prestações sociais (desemprego, RSI,
CSI) e as transferências para as instituições particulares de solidariedade
social (da SS), que são quem assegura a esmagadora maioria de lares de idosos
deste país, e chegamos a 66,4% da despesa. Por fim, adicionem-se os juros da
dívida e estamos em mais de três quartos da despesa (77,6%). Desta, em 27,6 pontos
percentuais poderá haver poupanças, mas são difíceis e terão elevados custos
sociais, em particular nas áreas da saúde e da Segurança Social.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;crete361&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Há outra leitura dos dados que espero que contribua para acabar com um primeiro
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394;&quot;&gt;mito em torno da “reforma do Estado”, do “peso do Estado” e das suas
“gorduras”.&lt;/span&gt; Da despesa consolidada da AC+SS, só cerca de um terço (38%)
corresponde a despesas com actividades do Estado. É a soma de pessoal, aquisição
de serviços (incluindo transferências para hospitais EPE) e do investimento.
&lt;b&gt;Cerca de dois terços (62%) não tem nada a ver com “gorduras”, “peso” ou “máquina
do Estado”.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;b&gt;São verbas que constituem despesa, mas “saem” sob a forma de
pensões, outras prestações sociais, juros, subsídios, transferências para IPSS,
etc.&lt;/b&gt; Isto nada tem a ver com o peso da “máquina” do Estado.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;crete361&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Outro mito é o de que se pode &lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763;&quot;&gt;cortar facilmente na aquisição de bens e
serviços&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt; Pode-se cortar algo, mas os dados mostram que &lt;b&gt;mais de metade desta é
na Saúde, e portanto é difícil cortar naquela sem haver cortes nesta.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;crete361&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;É preciso encontrar novos caminhos, mas não será nada fácil...&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;crete361&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;crete361&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;P.S&lt;/b&gt;. – No 25 de Abril de 1974, estávamos cheios de alegria e de esperança.
Hoje, apesar de todos os progressos económicos e nos direitos individuais e
sociais, estamos muito apreensivos e vivemos sob protectorado. Deixo aqui
fragmento de um poema de Jorge Luis Borges (Aprendiendo)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;crete361&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“Con el tiempo aprendes a construir todos tus caminos en el hoy, porque
el sendero del mañana no existe.”&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;crete361&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Análise, Paulo Trigo Pereira JP 25.04.13&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/8689079550411745952'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/8689079550411745952'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://apontamentos.blogspot.com/2013/04/mais-cortes-na-area-social.html' title='Mais cortes na área social'/><author><name>victor</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14764343066231484956</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7sOJKvMDzAiu4ymqli7FRTvrMMaiMpEEktCVzKq43qRbMOoRwkfBiWGLytEZHNvBoOec7Z7H6gFRTFDZukU5964QhK2DlId2x9bQ87bq8n0Ro7lpVqFY3_s8wrLVg5ODBTrdb/s72-c/OE+2013+jp+25.04.13.jpg" height="72" width="72"/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7735125.post-2429100058026996257</id><published>2013-03-06T23:01:00.001+00:00</published><updated>2013-03-06T23:01:38.061+00:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="HH"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Paulo Macedo"/><title type='text'>CMI, carta aberta ao ministro da saúde</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Excelentíssimos Senhores&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;- Ministro da Saúde&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;- Secretário de Estado Adjunto do Ministro da Saúde&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;- Secretário de Estado da Saúde&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;- Conselho Diretivo da ARS Norte&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;- Presidente da Câmara Municipal do Porto&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;- Presidente da Câmara Municipal de Vila Nova de Gaia&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;C/C a Prof Correia de Campos e Dra. Ana Jorge&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763;&quot;&gt;Assunto:&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #bf9000;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Construção do “Centro Materno-Infantil” e do
“Centro de Reabilitação do Norte” versus “Falta de planeamento” e “Total
descoordenação”&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Senhor Ministro da Saúde&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Vossa Excelência, no passado dia 20 de Fevereiro, em sessão
pública nas instalações conjuntas da Faculdade de Medicina do Porto/Hospital S.
João, declarou que a construção do “Centro Materno Infantil do Norte”,
integrado no Centro Hospitalar do Porto, e do “Centro de Reabilitação do Norte”
denotam “falta de planeamento” e uma “total descoordenação”, como foi
sobejamente divulgado nos media.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Com esta afirmação pública, Vossa Excelência pode ter
conseguido um sonoro “soundbyte” tão útil na trica politiqueira, mas demonstrou
desconhecer por completo todo o processo que foi percorrido até ser aprovada a
proposta de construção dos dois equipamentos, a isenção técnica (e até politico
partidária) colocada no estudo e caracterização das necessidades em saúde da
população da Região Norte, no brio metodológico utilizado para especificar e
quantificar as razões técnicas, financeiras e de ganhos em saúde que
justificaram tais projetos e respetivos investimentos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Com aquelas afirmações conseguiu Vossa Excelência, também e
de forma algo gratuita (embora estamos convictos que sem essa intenção), pôr em
causa o bom nome de dezenas de profissionais de saúde, quer na perspetiva
cívica, de cidadania desinteressada, da prática de valores como a “causa
pública” em como se empenharam na análise e estudo dos temas e na produção e
aprovação dos seus relatórios (sem qualquer retribuição pecuniária), quer ainda
na sua competência técnico científica específica, que, na maior parte dos
casos, resulta de um longo percurso profissional reconhecido como de excelência
pelo seus pares e pelos seus doentes.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Conscientes de que possuímos um profundo conhecimento dos
dois equipamentos de saúde, decorrente dos vários anos em que assumimos
responsabilidades públicas pelos serviços de saúde da região Norte, de que
conhecemos os detalhes do processo, do percurso até à sua aprovação e início de
construção, de que conhecemos as pessoas e instituições que foram ouvidas e que
emitiram opinião ou pareceres, vimos informar Vossa Excelência que,
naturalmente, estamos ao seu dispor para lhe facultar todas as informações,
contribuindo, assim, para que se evitem afirmações como aquelas que Vossa
Excelência proferiu no Porto, que, por nada terem a ver com a verdade dos
factos, não são úteis a rigorosas e necessárias “Políticas de Saúde”, a uma
sadia, custo-eficiente e custo-efectiva “Administração Pública” e à promoção do
indispensável envolvimento dos profissionais de saúde e dos cidadãos na vida e
no desenvolvimento sustentado do SNS e da sociedade.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Desde já podemos afirmar que a metodologia de trabalho
adotado teve como preocupação:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1.&lt;/b&gt; Primeiro que tudo, identificar corretamente as
necessidades em saúde da população não satisfeitas, à altura, com o rigor que o
método científico e o conhecimento em “Planeamento em saúde” permitem. Na
consecução deste objetivo foi solicitada a colaboração direta de diversos
profissionais de saúde, escolhidos entre os mais experientes, como foram
convidadas a emitir parecer entidades tais como: as Direções dos Colégios das
especialidades médicas envolvidas, as respetivas Sociedades Científicas, as
Ordens Profissionais dos médicos e dos enfermeiros e as Comissões Nacionais
formais do Ministério da Saúde, como a da “Saúde da Mulher e Neonatal e a da
Criança e do Adolescente” ou os Serviços do Planeamento da própria
Direcção-Geral da Saúde, que mais tarde foram incorporados na ACSS.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;2.&lt;/b&gt; Conhecer e caracterizar a realidade e os problemas dos
serviços de saúde envolvidos (recursos humanos, materiais e financeiros
existentes, capacidade instalada, produção, evolução da procura e da oferta,
eficiência, qualidade e diferenciação dos cuidados que asseguravam, etc.), daí
que, no caso do CMIN – Centro Materno Infantil do Norte, foram, desde o
primeiro momento, envolvidos e comprometidos os elementos dos CA das três
instituições: Hospital Maria Pia, Hospital Santo António e Maternidade Júlio
Diniz, cujas reuniões foram lideradas por elementos do próprio CA/CD da ARS do
Norte. Não é por acaso que aquelas três instituições foram integradas no
“Centro Hospitalar do Porto” (CHP) e o CMIN passará a integrar, num único
equipamento, os serviços de consulta externa, internamento e cuidados
intensivos de obstetrícia, ginecologia, pediatria e neonatologia que se
encontravam duplicados pelos três hospitais. Lembramos que o CMIN faz parte de
uma vasta estratégia de reforma hospitalar da Região Norte, levada a cabo nos
últimos anos, que permite a prestação de melhores cuidados de saúde, com melhor
acesso e com redução da despesa operacional. Comunicamos, ainda, que o Hospital
Maria Pia já encerrou as suas instalações, o que, em conjunto com a resolução da
duplicação e triplicação de serviços e recursos atrás descrita, através da
unificação e redimensionamento daqueles serviços já operada pelo CHP, permitiu
à Região Norte poupar imensas verbas ao erário público e contribuir para a
sustentabilidade do SNS.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;3.&lt;/b&gt; Identificar, caracterizar e quantificar os cuidados de
saúde que fazia falta prestar, o modo de os prestar de acordo com o “estado da
arte”, à altura, a estrutura, os circuitos, os espaços, os equipamentos e os
recursos humanos mínimos mas necessários para garantir a prestação de cuidados
e os ganhos em saúde que faziam falta à população da região Norte. Enfim, a
preocupação em recolher a informação indispensável para a elaboração do
respetivo “Programa Funcional”, ao cálculo do “Impacto financeiro” e da
sustentabilidade do investimento e à elaboração do “Caderno de encargos” para a
abertura dos concursos para a execução do projeto e para a construção. Até
aqui, e passe a imodéstia, se demonstra como a ARSN desenvolveu todos os passos
dos processos com manifesto rigor de gestão (tirando partido de serviços que
adquiriu ao Instituto Superior Técnico), em como a ARSN conseguiu realizar
todos os concursos sem uma única impugnação e com total respeito dos prazos e
dos custos de adjudicação em coerência com os previstos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;4.&lt;/b&gt; Conhecer a expectativa da população, através da audição
das opiniões de personalidades que estavam ou haviam estado envolvidos na
discussão de um dado equipamento, ou que haviam manifestado a sua opinião nos
media, ou, até, colocando em discussão pública a proposta final, antes da sua
remessa à tutela para aprovação, prática que não era nada habitual nos
processos do Ministério da Saúde.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;No que concerne especificamente ao CMIN, de salientar que
foram estudadas de forma cuidada, as necessidades em saúde em
Ginecologia/Obstetrícia e Pediatria atuais e para o futuro (integrando a
perspetiva da evolução demográfica, com a redução da natalidade e a inversão da
imigração), bem como a oferta hospitalar existente e a que estava já prevista
ser construída, tendo sido dada uma atenção especial à discussão alargada e à
transparência dos processos. Vale a pena sublinhar a audição de cerca de 100
especialistas na matéria, ao longo de dezenas de reuniões, o envio para parecer
a mais de vinte entidades, a abertura à discussão pública através da sua
colocação na Internet (pela primeira vez em Portugal, num processo deste tipo)
e a incorporação dos contributos recebidos. Pensámos que se tratou de um
processo de planeamento sério, exigente e rigoroso, mas acima de tudo, avaliado
externamente de forma muito pormenorizada.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;De notar que o processo do CMIN e em função de todo o
histórico de mais de 30 anos de discussão, deverá ter sido o processo da
construção de uma unidade hospitalar mais auditado em Portugal, nomeadamente
pelas sucessivas avaliações do Tribunal de Contas, Ordem dos Médicos, Ordem dos
Enfermeiros, Colégios de Especialidade da OM, Sociedades Cientificas,
Administração Central dos Serviços de Saúde, Direcção-Geral da Saúde, Comissão
Nacional da Saúde Materna e Neonatal, Comissão Nacional da Criança e do
Adolescente, Comissão Regional da Saúde Materna, Neonatal, da Criança e do
Adolescente, Administração Regional de Saúde do Norte, Comissão de Coordenação
e Desenvolvimento da Região Norte, Junta Metropolitana do Porto, Câmara
Municipal do Porto, Conselhos de Administração e Serviços Clínicos dos
Hospitais de S. João, Santo António, Maternidade Júlio Dinis, Hospital Maria
Pia, Vila Nova de Gaia e Matosinhos, Escolas Médicas da Universidade do Porto e
do Minho (Faculdade de Medicina do Porto, Escola de Ciências Biomédicas Abel
Salazar e Escola de Ciências de Saúde da Universidade do Minho), Grupos
Parlamentares, e até, pela Comissão Parlamentar da Saúde da Assembleia da
República, tendo existido reuniões com todas estas entidades, submissão de
documentos e obtenção de pareceres, sugestões e aprovações. Sem esquecer a
divulgação pública de todos os documentos, o que trouxe pela primeira vez
nestes processos o contributo muito válido da sociedade civil, permitindo
melhorar o projeto, bem como pelo escrutínio de uma atenta comunicação social
que acompanhou todo o processo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Estranha-se que, aparentemente, toda esta avaliação positiva
das entidades e especialistas seja colocada em causa, baseada numa análise que
não é pública, mas que acontece num período em que se vislumbra uma grave crise
no sector da saúde privada no Porto, estando muitos blocos de parto e áreas de
atendimento infantil encerradas, apesar de terem sido construídas recentemente,
apostando numa degradação real do SNS para poderem ter resultados positivos do
seu investimento.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Desculpe-nos uma sugestão, acompanhado de uma boa dose de
provocação, porque é que Vossa Excelência não cancela a construção do mega
projeto do “Joãozinho” que, à revelia de qualquer exercício de planeamento do
Ministério da Saúde, mesmo depois de ser pública a decisão ministerial
(anterior à entrada em funções dos subscritores deste oficio) de que o CMIN não
iria ser construído no Hospital S. João, se tem mantido na agenda dos media
para a obtenção de financiadores, aliás, projeto cuja construção ainda não
começou?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;No que diz respeito ao Centro de Reabilitação do Norte
(CRN), de notar que o mesmo integra a Rede de Referenciação Hospitalar (RRH) de
Medicina Física e Reabilitação, elaborada pela Direcção-Geral da Saúde e
aprovada pela Secretária de Estado Adjunta e da Saúde em 2002 (e nunca revogada
ou alterada, pelo que presumimos se mantenha em vigor), que estabelecia a
necessidade de existirem 4 centros de reabilitação do país (Norte, Centro,
Lisboa e Algarve), sendo que 3 avançaram e apenas o do norte (que deveria servir
37% da população do país) teve ‘dificuldades’ em ser criado, só sendo possível
em 2006, através do Despacho do Sr. Ministro da Saúde.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Nesse documento, estão expressas de forma clara as razões da
sua justificação, sugerindo-se ao Senhor Ministro uma leitura atenta: “A
criação de um centro de reabilitação na região Norte visa colmatar uma
importante lacuna na rede nacional de cuidados de reabilitação, prevista na
rede de referenciação hospitalar de medicina física e de reabilitação, por
todos considerado indispensável, mas nunca implementado. As estruturas
existentes de medicina física e de reabilitação na região Norte do País são
manifestamente insuficientes para responder às necessidades, nomeadamente no
que concerne aos meios e instalações, e particularmente no que respeita à
escassez do número de camas de internamento/ reabilitação.“&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Acrescentamos nós, agora, e para um cabal esclarecimento,
que os tratamentos prestados num “Centro Regional de Reabilitação” não são, nem
devem ser, iguais aos que são assegurados pelos Serviços de Medicina e
Reabilitação dos hospitais, muito menos aos que são prestados nas clínicas
convencionadas com privados ou com o sector social. Na área da Medicina Física
e Reabilitação o SNS entrega aos convencionados grande parte da prestação
destes cuidados aos doentes. O Ministério da Saúde, que tanto apregoa, e bem, o
aproveitamento da capacidade instalada no SNS, não terá problemas com a
supletividade do CRN e a rentabilização dos serviços existentes no Norte, se
proceder à avaliação das convenções nesta área e cessar as mesmas com as
clínicas cuja prestação não satisfaça critérios de qualidade.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Relativamente à conceção do projeto do CRN, várias dezenas
de profissionais, entre médicos de várias especialidades, nomeadamente: fisiatria,
ortopedia e traumatologia, neurologia, neurocirurgia, reumatologia, medicina
interna, radiologia e pediatria, enfermeiros de reabilitação, os técnicos de
fisioterapia, de terapia ocupacional e da terapia da fala, docentes da
Faculdade de Medicina do Porto e da Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do
Porto, economistas e gestores, participaram na elaboração da estratégia que
garantisse a resposta em cuidados de Medicina Física e Reabilitação às
necessidades em saúde da população da região Norte, bem como participaram na
definição do respetivo “Plano Funcional” do CRN, projeto que foi amplamente
divulgado e aberto de forma transparente à discussão pública&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;De notar, que apesar da RRH de 2002 estabelecer que o CRN
deveria ter 190 camas, o grupo de trabalho entendeu, já na altura, face às
necessidades dos utentes e às condições económicas do país, que o mesmo deveria
ter apenas 100 camas, tendo os estudos de viabilidade económico-financeira
efetuados por entidades externas idóneas, claramente demonstrado o seu
equilíbrio económico-financeiro em termos gestionários.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;No entanto, se nos permite uma sugestão, e se realmente
pensa o que afirmou, que as camas do CRN são aditivas, sendo semelhantes a
qualquer cama de internamento hospitalar, pensámos que o Senhor Ministro deve
ser coerente e de imediato mandar revogar o protocolo com o Centro de
Reabilitação de Alcoitão, pois existe um número exagerado de camas hospitalares
na região de Lisboa e Vale do Tejo, que podem facilmente acomodar estes
doentes. Ou será que um doente tetraplégico ou com uma doença neuro
degenerativa de Lisboa deve ter um centro de reabilitação para efetuar uma
recuperação adequada e no Norte o mesmo tipo de doente tem de ir para sua casa,
negando-se-lhe esse tipo de cuidados?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Esperemos, sinceramente, que esta tomada pública de decisão
do Senhor Ministro nada tenha a ver com os falados propósitos de ser cedida a
gestão do CRN a uma Misericórdia, eventualmente por ajuste direto, desvirtuando
todo o racional e o trabalho efetuado e nessa altura transformando realmente o
CRN em ‘normais camas hospitalares’, que serão cedidas sem nenhum custo de
investimento a uma entidade do sector social, mantendo-se a lacuna neste tipo
de cuidados na região norte.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;De sublinhar que as obras estão a ser financiadas por fundos
europeus, tendo sido alvo de uma especial fiscalização por se tratar de
elevados investimentos, nomeadamente em termos de avaliação das necessidades em
saúde, da sua inserção na rede hospitalar da região norte, bem como dos planos
de negócios que visavam a sua autossustentabilidade, tendo em ambos os casos
merecida a aprovação das instâncias europeias.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Obviamente, que os processos, relativos a estes dois
equipamentos, detêm imensos detalhes, pormenores técnicos e de metodologia, que
ficaram devidamente arquivados na ARSN quando cessamos funções e que Vossa
Excelência deveria conhecer. Contudo, dado o seu volume e a previsível e
limitada disponibilidade de Vossa Excelência para ler todas aquelas páginas,
mais uma vez manifestamos a nossa disponibilidade para lhe darmos a conhecer os
procedimentos e razões de ser das referidas instituições, que sabemos serem
objeto de inúmeros interesses, que devem ter chegado ao conhecimento de Vossa
Excelência com manifesta deturpação e manipulação dos factos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Por último, de notar que, após a fundamentação exigente e
bem fundamentada que foi construída pelos técnicos, a decisão foi,
naturalmente, politica, tendo sido tomada, em ambos os casos, pelo ex-Ministro
da Saúde, Prof. Dr. Correia de Campos. A forma como as afirmações foram
produzidas, parece demonstrar que a avaliação que o Senhor Ministro da Saúde
faz do seu antecessor, será de alguém impreparado, que não avaliava os
processos e que tomou decisões insensatas, o que não corresponde minimamente à
realidade.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Em conclusão, esperava-se do Senhor Ministro da Saúde, um
conhecimento profundo dos dossiers, uma insensibilidade aos interesses de
grupos privados ou do sector social, e uma ausência de populismo, numa área tão
critica e tão afetada pela austeridade em Portugal.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Infelizmente o imediatismo, a falta de avaliação dos
processos e a ausência de decisões na reforma hospitalar, por parte do atual
ministério da saúde, parecem ceder aos interesses privados e do sector social
nesta área, com nítido prejuízo dos doentes.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Com os nossos melhores cumprimentos,&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Alcindo Maciel Barbosa&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;António Pimenta Marinho&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Fernando Araujo&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Filomena Cardoso&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Isabel Oliveira e Silva&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Luís Porto Gomes&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Manuela Rodrigues Correia&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Suzete Gonçalves&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;(Carta pública assinada por todos os ex-elementos dos CA/CD
da ARSN de 2005 a 2011)&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;2013-02-25&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/2429100058026996257'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/2429100058026996257'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://apontamentos.blogspot.com/2013/03/cmi-carta-aberta-ao-ministro-da-saude.html' title='CMI, carta aberta ao ministro da saúde'/><author><name>victor</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14764343066231484956</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7735125.post-6102446541321050224</id><published>2013-02-17T13:09:00.001+00:00</published><updated>2013-02-17T13:15:23.942+00:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Entrevistas"/><title type='text'>Isabel Vaz, entrevista expresso 16.02.13</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiucS96iP4ALsekpmux_ZhbMPif3tQ47IScZiha7-OgOfuYPLQ2XlhP7TYfTnWuuibE_4XJGMsbvogpMeAuIPpObjEsRVDMJdFeVx4KYOnRk0Or18xfiVUkA0v3iuZxczxhRQWZ/s1600/isabel+vaz+expresso+16.02.13.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiucS96iP4ALsekpmux_ZhbMPif3tQ47IScZiha7-OgOfuYPLQ2XlhP7TYfTnWuuibE_4XJGMsbvogpMeAuIPpObjEsRVDMJdFeVx4KYOnRk0Or18xfiVUkA0v3iuZxczxhRQWZ/s1600/isabel+vaz+expresso+16.02.13.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #bf9000;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;“Acabar com a ADSE seria ceder ao lóbi dos prestadores
públicos”&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Isabel Vaz, Presidente
da Espírito Santo Saúde&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;O Hospital Beatriz
Ângelo, em Loures, comemora hoje um ano de&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;actividade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;numa cerimónia em que será
homenageado o presidente cessante da Câmara de Loures, Carlos Teixeira, pela
dedicação ao&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;projecto&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; Isabel Vaz, presidente da Espírito Santo Saúde (ESS), diz
que esta parceria público-privada (PPP) prova que é possível reformar o Estado.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, em Loures, faz um ano.
Qual o balanço?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;A ESS está muito
orgulhosa do Hospital Beatriz Ângelo (HBA) porque todos os prazos foram
cumpridos — em dois anos construímos e abrimos ao público o hospital — e,
durante o primeiro ano, conseguimos reunir um corpo clínico fantástico, graças
aos hospitais de Lisboa que formaram os médicos e enfermeiros. Do ponto de
vista financeiro crescemos menos do que estávamos à espera porque não houve a
reorganização hospitalar prevista. Abriram 470 camas novas em Loures e não
aconteceu nada em Lisboa. Quanto ficaram abaixo dos&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;objectivos&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; Cerca de 20%.
Enquanto operadores de longo prazo — somos corredores de maratona e não dos cem
metros — achamos que foi bom ter sido assim porque deu tempo ao corpo clínico,
formado por médicos e enfermeiros e mais de 15 hospitais, para consolidar o
novo modelo de governação clínica que é diferente dos outros hospitais do
Serviço Nacional de Saúde (SNS), e que já tínhamos em prática no Hospital da
Luz. O único serviço que não teve esta sorte foi a urgência, abrimos em pleno
pico da gripe... Hoje é já um hospital com uma vivência clínica intensa, com
protocolos com as duas faculdades de medicina de Lisboa (acolhe mais de 500
estudantes). E a&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;actividade&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; Fizemos cerca de 129 mil consultas, 5800 cirurgias,
1580 partos, 135.500 urgências e demos 14.100 altas de internamento. A partir
de setembro o hospital começou a aumentar a produção e, neste momento, face a
períodos homólogos está a crescer em consultas a 60%, em cirurgias 38%, os
partos 15% e as urgências 20%. Mais, temos um EBITDA (resultados antes de
juros, impostos, amortizações e depreciações) positivo em janeiro. A procura
está lá, ou seja, o drama da ausência de reestruturação hospitalar não é para
mim mas para os grandes hospitais de Lisboa, nomeadamente o Santa Maria, que já
está a perder doentes.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Em julho de 2011 dizia que queria que Loures fosse
uma PPP exemplar. Foi o que aconteceu?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Num momento em que se
discute a sustentabilidade do SNS e a reforma hospitalar, podemos ser o
benchmarking para outros. O nosso lema é “medicina de equipa” e conseguimos um
microcosmos de pessoas que mudaram a maneira de pensar, de trabalhar e que
testaram um novo modelo de gestão. Essa é a grande inovação e é o que o país
precisa: fazer diferente. Não podemos repetir a receita do passado e esperar, com
uma grande fé, que agora resulte. Surpreendeu-a? Esse é o ADN da ESS. Podem
dizer que funciona porque é o sector privado, mas resultou com pessoas do
funcionalismo público, com uma boa liderança e motivação. O Hospital Beatriz
Ângelo é a prova de que é possível reformar o Estado.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;A falta de dinheiro é uma forte condicionante.
Ainda é possível ganhar eficiência e poupar no SNS?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Há, pelo menos, sete
ministros que ouço dizer que é possível tornar o sistema mais eficiente. Não é
verdade com o atual modelo. Já se provou, nos últimos 30 anos, que não é
possível gerir com o dinheiro que se tem.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O que pensa do trabalho do Ministério da Saúde?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Na&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;actuação&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;externa, de
lidar com os grandes interesses privados, farmacêuticas, farmácias, prestadores
privados, o ministro da Saúde, Paulo Macedo, tem sido exemplar. Teve capacidade
de exigir ao sector privado que reformule o seu funcionamento e isso está a
acontecer. Tenho pena que esta mesma pressão não esteja a acontecer
internamente. O Ministério poupou porque cortou dois ordenados à função pública
e fê-lo de forma transversal, com um corte cego. Isto resolve um problema
orçamental no curto prazo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;O Ministério da Saúde foi obrigado a cumprir as&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;directrizes&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;do Governo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Claro, mas esta é uma
medida para o curto prazo. O ministro das Finanças está a gerir um programa de
ajustamento e não está à frente dos outros ministérios. Enquanto estes não lhe
disserem como se irão reestruturar e trabalhar de forma diferente, fazer mais
com menos, a única hipótese que ele tem é fazer cortes cegos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O ministro das Finanças tem poder a mais na
reestruturação do Estado?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Não, o poder do
ministro das Finanças só é a mais se os ministérios não fizerem o seu trabalho.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Porquê a incapacidade do Ministério da Saúde de&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;actuar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;a nível interno?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O Estado não tem
capacidade de fazer isso a si próprio por isso devia privatizar. A única coisa
que não pode privatizar é a função soberana de garantir o acesso de todos à
saúde e isso faz-se através do financiamento, via impostos. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Está desiludida com Paulo Macedo?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Não. Passaram apenas
dois anos e acho que tem tido posições de bastante coragem face a interesses
complicados, não só a indústria farmacêutica. Pela primeira vez avançou a
prescrição por DCI (substância&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;activa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; que também tinha a resistência de
médicos. Mas a sensação que dá é que só estão a discutir a reforma do Estado
por imposição da troika! Parece que mal se desaperte a tarraxa vamos logo sair
dos eixos. Se antecipássemos as reformas fazíamo-las à luz da nossa cultura.
Assim, sujeitamo-nos a que qualquer pateta mande bocas sobre Portugal! E isso
acontece porque nos demitimos de traçar o nosso destino. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;É essa a sua grande desilusão? &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Entristece-me. Temos de
assumir que esta reforma tem de ser feita, que temos de viver com o que
produzimos e isto é transversal a todos os partidos políticos. Temos de ser nós
a tomar a dianteira e a assumir o nosso futuro.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Os €4 mil milhões de corte na despesa que irão
também reflectir-se na saúde podem vir a comprometer o SNS?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Se se continuar numa
lógica de cortes cegos, nos salários, por exemplo, sim. Com uma estratégia
profunda de reorganização dos serviços ao nível da sua concentração e também
com a criação de centros de excelência. Por enquanto, o SNS não está a ser&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;afectado&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Como comenta a possibilidade de extinção da ADSE (a&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;protecção&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;na saúde dos funcionários públicos)?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;A ESS tem interesses
brutais nesse tema, como todos sabem. No curto prazo seria um desastre
orçamental porque, em 2011, a ADSE representou na rede privada €490 milhões dos
quais 65% financiados pelos beneficiários, e este valor teria de ser gasto pelo
Estado na mesma. No longo prazo, é também um grande disparate, é ceder a mais
um interesse do lóbi prestador público, que está aflito de doentes. Neste
momento a ADSE dá liberdade de escolha entre público e privado. Porque é que os
portugueses em geral não exigem isso aos políticos e permitem nivelar por
baixo, numa guerra intestina&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;contra os funcionários públicos?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #bf9000;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;“Políticos
com elevação não incitam ao ódio entre público e privado”&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Isabel Vaz lamenta que
se demonize a gestão privada no sector da saúde. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Persiste o preconceito face ao privado? &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Há muito ódio dos
funcionários do privado em relação aos do sector público e vice-versa. E os
políticos de verdadeira elevação não utilizam isso como arma política,
reconstroem galvanizando um povo inteiro. Há um grande mito na saúde de que não
pode ser um negócio. O lucro na saúde não é mais do que a remuneração de um
determinado capital que foi investido, ou a remuneração pela gestão. Se as
pernas da gestão forem sempre cortadas, isso significa que outros vão receber
rendas excessivas. Há um interesse por parte de quem tem as rendas excessivas,
sejam médicos, enfermeiros, indústria farmacêutica ou fabricantes de
dispositivos em manter a má gestão.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Não há reconhecimento do Estado pela iniciativa
privada?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Ao fim de dez anos como
gestora estou cansada, mas vamos continuar a lutar mesmo com ferramentas
gastas. Por muito que façamos bem, nunca é suficiente. A verdade é que também
deste Ministério não há qualquer reconhecimento em relação às parcerias, no
sentido de equacionarem fazer mais ou utilizarem-nas como exemplo. No fundo, se
perdemos dinheiro somos uns atrasados mentais que gerem pior do que o Estado,
se ganharmos não fazemos mais do que a nossa obrigação. Assusta-me imenso
quando o Ministério da Saúde utiliza frases como “as parcerias são muito boas
para o Estado, os privados é que estão muito atrapalhados”. As parcerias para
resultarem têm de ser boas para todas as partes.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Foi o ministro Paulo Macedo que o disse.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Foi um dia em que ele
me deixou bastante triste, não estava à espera. Foi uma frase infeliz, até
porque acho que o Paulo Macedo não é assim, uma pessoa que vem do privado e um
bom gestor sabe que as coisas não funcionam assim. É a tal pressão política em
que cai bem dizer mal dos privados e fomentar este ódio. O sucesso de uma boa
gestão depende de todos os stakeholders estarem bem. Isso é que é elevação na
gestão e nos políticos, e algo que eu não vejo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Como vê a venda pela CGD dos Hospitais Privados de
Portugal (HPP) à Amil, empresa agora de capital americano?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;A HPP já era um
concorrente forte e passámos a ter um concorrente internacional com o qual
provavelmente irei aprender e me irá retirar da minha zona de conforto, o que é
bom.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Também estiveram no concurso, perderam por uma
questão de preço?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Tínhamos uma proposta
financeiramente pior e condições diferentes para ficar com algumas unidades do
grupo, nomeadamente o Hospital de Cascais. O Estado decidiu bem, pela melhor
proposta. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Quais são os próximos investimentos? &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O grupo faturou €341
milhões em 2012, mais 25% face ao ano anterior. Se isolarmos o sector privado
(€290 milhões) da PPP (Beatriz Ângelo) o crescimento é de 6%, e o Hospital da
Luz (em Lisboa) subiu 7%, com um volume de negócios de €126,5 milhões. Temos um
grande plano de expansão da Luz, que também é um hospital de ensino e está a
precisar de ser ampliado em 35%, a que se somará a criação de um grande centro
de formação. Precisamos de aumentar a vertente assistencial e consolidar também
a atividade de investigação e ensino — nesse âmbito temos várias parcerias
internacionais. E temos muitos pedidos de economias emergentes (Brasil,
Colômbia, Venezuela, Norte de África, China) para exportar o nosso modelo de
gestão. Estamos com muitos projetos de investigação ao nível de novos sistemas
de informação clínicos. Isto vai muito além do turismo de saúde. Os portugueses
têm capacidade inventiva para dar.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #376092; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;Entrevista de&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #376092; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;Ana&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #376092; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 18px;&quot;&gt;Sofia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Santos e Pedro Lima, fotos de Jorge Simão,
caderno económico Semanário Expresso de &amp;nbsp;16.02.13&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Privatizar a Saúde&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Nunca defenderia a
privatização de todos os hospitais. Os grandes devem continuar do Estado e nos
restantes passava-se o risco operacional para os outros. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Reforma Hospitalar&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Só vejo grupos de
estudo. Dois anos e não há plano para a reestruturação. O Santa Maria está numa
situação castastrófica, é o maior do país, além das responsabilidades de
ensino. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Taxas moderadoras&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Estamos no limite tendo
em conta os salários e a subida dos impostos. Convém não esquecer que 50% das
pessoas estão isentas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Dívidas a fornecedores&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;No Hospital Beatriz
Angelo somo obrigados a pagar as dívidas&amp;nbsp;
até 90 dias senão temos multa. E se fosse assim em todos os outros
hospitais do SNS?&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/6102446541321050224'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/6102446541321050224'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://apontamentos.blogspot.com/2013/02/isabel-vaz-entrevista-expresso-160213.html' title='Isabel Vaz, entrevista expresso 16.02.13'/><author><name>victor</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14764343066231484956</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiucS96iP4ALsekpmux_ZhbMPif3tQ47IScZiha7-OgOfuYPLQ2XlhP7TYfTnWuuibE_4XJGMsbvogpMeAuIPpObjEsRVDMJdFeVx4KYOnRk0Or18xfiVUkA0v3iuZxczxhRQWZ/s72-c/isabel+vaz+expresso+16.02.13.jpg" height="72" width="72"/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7735125.post-6515928375722472854</id><published>2013-01-12T20:55:00.000+00:00</published><updated>2013-01-12T20:55:01.634+00:00</updated><title type='text'>Medicamentos, restrições de distribuição</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #bf9000;&quot;&gt;António Diniz confirma queixas de utentes, ONG e sociedades
científicas&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;«Houve ruptura de stocks [de medicamentos anti retrovíricos]
numa percentagem significativa de hospitais»&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;«É verdade que houve rupturas pontuais de stocks nos
hospitais» de medicamentos anti retrovíricos, confirmou hoje o director do
Programa Nacional para a Infecção VIH/sida (PNIVS), numa audição na Comissão
Parlamentar de Saúde (CPS), a requerimento do Bloco de Esquerda. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;António Diniz, que está nesta altura a elaborar, a pedido do
Ministério da Saúde, um relatório sobre o ponto de situação, e que foi
solicitado no seguimento de denúncias por parte de utentes, de organizações
não-governamentais (ONG) e de sociedades científicas, desvendou aos deputados
algumas das considerações do documento. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;«Confirma-se que houve ruptura de stocks numa percentagem
significativa de hospitais e que houve várias situações, na maioria dos
hospitais, em que as pessoas tiveram que levantar a medicação com uma
periodicidade inferior a 30 dias», adiantou o responsável. Independentemente do
possível eco do relatório, para António Diniz esta é, desde logo, uma situação
que «não é aceitável»: «Nós não podemos estar a dizer às pessoas
sistematicamente que a adesão é um elemento fundamental do tratamento e depois,
a seguir, nós próprios estarmos a dificultar essa adesão, convidando-as a vir
com periodicidades que foram, em alguns casos, inferiores a uma semana», defendeu.
&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Nesse sentido, informou, «vai ser tomada uma decisão sobre
como é que os hospitais devem proceder em relação a estas situações». Não
revelando quando nem como será tratada a questão, o director do PNIVS
reconheceu que «todos» terão que se «sentar para analisar quais as razões que
levaram a que isso acontecesse». &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;No entanto, voltou a frisar, «independentemente das razões,
o resultado final não foi bom e nós não podemos voltar a repeti-lo». Na sua
opinião, a situação não pode ser resolvida «pontualmente», ma sim «com uma
decisão central e que abranja os vários hospitais, com a indicação clara dos
caminhos que podem ser seguidos e das alternativas que têm de ser criadas». &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Teresa Mendes, Tempo Medicina, 9 de Janeiro de 2013&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif; line-height: 36px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #bf9000;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Restrições nos medicamentos afectam cancro, hepatite C e artrite reumatóide&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/o:p&gt;Há doentes que vêem negado o tratamento, outros que o
recebem a conta-gotas ou fora do prazo. Médicos e associações dizem que o
ministério não pode alegar desconhecimento&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;A Autoridade Nacional do Medicamento (Infarmed) continua a
garantir que não há limitação de fármacos nos hospitais portugueses. Porém, os
exemplos concretos de doentes com dificuldades de acesso à medicação prescrita
sucedem-se e são, desde há muito, alvo de denúncias aos diferentes organismos
da tutela, por parte das associações que representam os doentes e, esta semana,
pela voz do bastonário da Ordem dos Médicos (OM), José Manuel Silva. São casos
de medicamentos para a artrite reumatóide, para a esclerose múltipla, para
determinados cancros (como o melanoma e o cancro da próstata), e antivirais
para a hepatite C.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;As denúncias são apresentadas por associações de doentes,
mas também por médicos. Dado o encaminhamento que lhes é feito, o bastonário
sustenta que o Ministério da Saúde não pode alegar que as desconhece. A
presidente da ANDAR (Associação Nacional dos Doentes com Artrite Reumatóide),
Arsisete Saraiva, concorda. “As queixas dos doentes estão a aumentar e eu
própria as reenvio para o Infarmed, para os secretários de Estado da Saúde,
bastonário, Direcção-Geral da Saúde, Comissão Parlamentar da Saúde... Todos
sabem”, garante.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Arsisete aponta casos: “O Hospital de Braga negou o
tratamento a uma doente e só o disponibilizou quando íamos denunciar a
situação. O Hospital de Faro, durante o mês de Dezembro, não deu medicamentos
biológicos a ninguém e, noutros casos, há hospitais a violar as embalagens do
medicamento para darem apenas uma toma ao doente”.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Joana Pereira, uma ex-técnica de tanatologia forense de 34
anos a residir em Esposende, diz ter esperado um ano até que o Hospital de
Braga lhe fornecesse o Rituximab para a artrite reumatóide. “Apresentei duas
queixas no livro de reclamações, estava a desesperar porque tinha tido reacções
negativas aos outros tratamentos, aquele era o único que me permitia ter uma
vida normal. E, nesse período, senti um agravamento enorme dos sintomas”, lembra.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Esta doente conta que o problema foi resolvido no preciso
dia em que se dirigia a Lisboa para um colóquio promovido pela ANDAR em que a
sua situação iria ser denunciada. “Já estava a caminho de Lisboa quando recebi
uma chamada a dizerem-me que não precisava de ir porque o tratamento me seria
fornecido”.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Este episódio ocorreu em Junho passado. “Há dois meses,
voltei a receber uma chamada do hospital a dizer: ‘Joana, não venha ao
hospital, porque a medicação foi novamente negada’. Liguei para a associação e
resolveram-me o problema, mas vivo com medo que me recusem a medicação ou que
não ma dêem atempadamente, porque sem tratamento, a doença avança de forma
brutal”. Ao PÚBLICO, o Hospital de Braga garante que a doente, que tinha sido
transferida de Ponte de Lima, apenas foi integrada no Hospital de Braga em
Junho de 2012. E que o medicamento lhe foi disponibilizado a 25 desse mês. “É
mentira”, retorque Joana. “Estive um ano à espera”.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;M., uma empregada de escritório de 54 anos que reside em
Braga, toma Humira, um medicamento injectável para a artrite reumatóide, mas
neste momento não tem garantias de aceder ao fármaco que, duas vezes por mês,
recolhe na farmácia do Hospital de Braga. “No passado dia 3 de Janeiro devia
ter tomado uma injecção, mas o hospital disse que não tinha o medicamento.
Ligaram-me no dia seguinte a dizer que podia passar lá, mas, em vez da
embalagem com as duas canetas, entregaram-me só uma, sem a embalagem, sem a
bula e sem o desinfectante”, conta.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“Quando lhes perguntei se era legal violarem a embalagem, a
farmacêutica do hospital disse-me que não tinham mais. E sei que há mais gente
a receber só uma caneta de cada vez, o que obriga a inúmeras deslocações ao
hospital. E, como a doença é evolutiva e deformativa, há doentes que têm muitas
dificuldades de deslocação ao hospital, já para não falar das despesas de
transporte e parqueamento”. AO PÚBLICO, fonte do hospital admite algumas
dificuldades na “gestão de dos medicamentos, mas afiança que “o Hospital de
Braga sempre garantiu aos doentes a medicação prescrita”. As dificuldades de
acesso aos tratamentos estão longe de se restringir à artrite reumatóide. O
caso dos medicamentos para tratamento oncológicos, muito dispendiosos, é
paradigmático e têm-se sucedido as denúncias de dificuldades no acesso. O
ex-presidente do colégio da especialidade de Oncologia da Ordem dos Médicos,
Jorge Espírito Santo, admite que recebeu várias participações de colegas sobre
“restrições indevidas de medicamentos indicados” para determinadas patologias.
E acrescenta que até tem “conhecimento informal de médicos que reportaram
restrições e limitações de medicamentos de uso corrente no cancro”. Então e a
OM não fez nada? “A ordem apenas pode actuar sobre os médicos que
ilegitimamente impõem restrições aos colegas”, responde.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Miguel Guimarães, do Conselho Regional do Norte da OM,
explica ainda que “a capacidade de investigação da ordem é limitada”. Uma das
situações em investigação prende-se com casos de doentes com cancro de próstata
avançado (com metástases)nseguidos em vários hospitais do Norte. A Abiraterona
é um fármaco que, segundo os estudos, pode prolongar a vida em alguns meses,
mas custa mais de dois mil euros/mês. Apesar de ser disponibilizado nos
hospitais do Centro e do Sul, não é dado em várias unidades do Norte. Uma
destas é o Centro Hospitalar de S. João, no Porto. Ao PÚBLICO, o hospital
alegou que “não compra medicamentos que não estejam aprovados pelo Infarmed”.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Quanto à falta de medicamentos para os doentes cirróticos
com hepatite C, essa sente-se a norte de Coimbra e no Algarve. Porquê? “Ninguém
sabe explicar. Os próprios médicos não sabem adiantar nenhuma explicação”, diz
Emília Rodrigues, da Associação SOS Hepatites. “É um medicamento que dá 80% de
hipóteses de cura. Os atrasos são de mais de seis meses. Para um doente
cirrótico, seis meses é tempo de mais”. O tratamento em causa (o convencional
acrescido de um inibidor de protease) foi aprovado há um ano e meio, com
carácter de urgência. Em todo o país, estão em causa entre 1500 a 2000 pessoas
com a doença, mas, a norte, o único hospital que faz este tratamento é o de
Braga, segundo Emília Rodrigues. O reumatologista António Vilar, que denunciou
haver médicos “intimados pelas administrações a alterar a prescrição”, ressalva
que, em muitos casos, os problemas sentidos pelos doentes têm que ver com “as
dificuldades que as administrações hospitalares sentiram quando se aproximou o
final do ano, em que tinham já os e as verbas ultrapassados”.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O bastonário da OM confirma “as crescentes dificuldades
financeiras que os hospitais enfrentam por terem de cumprir a lei dos
compromissos”, que os impede de adquirir produtos que sabem não poder pagar no
prazo de três meses. Resultado: medicamentos antes fornecidos para semanas ou
meses, agora estão a ser dados a conta-gotas. Para José Manuel Silva, as normas
de orientação terapêutica que o organismo está a elaborar em conjunto com a
Direcção-Geral da Saúde “vão finalmente pôr cobro à actual disparidade
geográfica” no acesso aos fármacos. O problema das disparidades agudizou-se
depois de um grupo de hospitais do Norte se ter associado numa espécie de
central de compras e ter definido uma lista dos fármacos a disponibilizar,
especialidade a especialidade. Vários fármacos, sobretudo inovadores e muito
caros, ficaram fora da lista.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Alexandra Campos, JP 11.01.12&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/6515928375722472854'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/6515928375722472854'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://apontamentos.blogspot.com/2013/01/medicamentos-restricoes-de-distribuicao.html' title='Medicamentos, restrições de distribuição'/><author><name>victor</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14764343066231484956</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7735125.post-4532489506043190597</id><published>2012-10-25T23:53:00.002+01:00</published><updated>2012-10-26T00:40:48.947+01:00</updated><title type='text'>Quinta avaliação: Health care system</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #bf9000;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Programa de assistência financeira a Portugal&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2012/cr12292.pdf&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red; font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;link&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Objectives&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Improve
efficiency and effectiveness in the health care system, inducing a more
rational use&amp;nbsp; of services and control of
expenditures;&amp;nbsp; generate additional
savings in the area of&amp;nbsp; pharmaceuticals
to reduce the overall public spending on pharmaceutical to 1.25 percent of&amp;nbsp; GDP by end 2012 and to about 1 per cent of
GDP in 2013; generate additional savings in&amp;nbsp;
hospital operating costs and devise a strategy to eliminate arrears. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The
government will take the following measures to reform the health system: &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Financing &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;3.41. The
revision of NHS moderating fees (taxas moderadoras) will result in
additional&amp;nbsp; revenues of EUR 150 million
in 2012 and an additional 50 million in 2013. [Q4-2012] &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;3.42. In
the light of the urgency and size of the savings needed in the health sector
to&amp;nbsp; address large arrears and budget
limitations, plans to achieve a self-sustainable model for&amp;nbsp; health-benefits schemes for civil servants
will be accelerated. The current plan foresees that&amp;nbsp; the overall budgetary cost of existing
schemes - ADSE, ADM (Armed Forces) and SAD&amp;nbsp;
(Police Services) - will be reduced by 30 per cent in 2012 and by further
20 per cent in 2013&amp;nbsp; 93&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; at all levels of general government. The
system would become self-financed by 2016. The&amp;nbsp;
costs of these schemes for the public budget&amp;nbsp; will be reduced by lowering the
employer’s&amp;nbsp; contribution rate to 1.25% in
2013 and by adjusting the scope of health benefits. [Q3-2012].&amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Pricing and reimbursement of pharmaceuticals&amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;3.43. Enact
legislation which automatically reduces the prices of medicines when their&amp;nbsp; patent expires to 50 per cent of their
previous price. [Q4-2012]&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;3.44. The
government implements an annual revision of prices of medicines and of&amp;nbsp; countries of reference in order to achieve
cost savings. Second price revision to be published&amp;nbsp; in January 2013. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;3.45. The
government will monitor monthly pharmaceutical expenditures and ensure
that&amp;nbsp; the overall public pharmaceutical
expenditure does not exceed the target of 1.25 per cent of&amp;nbsp; GDP in 2012 and 1 per cent of GDP in 2013.
[Ongoing]&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Prescription and monitoring of prescription &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;3.46.
Continue to improve the monitoring and assessment system of doctors&#39;
prescription&amp;nbsp; behaviour regarding
medicines and diagnostic&amp;nbsp; in terms of volume
and value and vis-à-vis&amp;nbsp; prescription
guidelines and peers. Feedback continues to be provided to each physician on
a&amp;nbsp; regular basis (e.g. quarterly), in
particular&amp;nbsp; on prescription of costliest
and most used&amp;nbsp; medicines. [Ongoing]&amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;3.47.
Continue to devise and enforce a system of sanctions and penalties, as a
complement&amp;nbsp; to the assessment framework
[Ongoing]. Assess the possibility of establishing agreements &amp;nbsp;with private sector physicians for the
application of prescription rules as applied in the NHS.&amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;3.48.
Strictly monitor the implementation of the legislation making it compulsory
for&amp;nbsp; physicians at all levels of the
system, both public and private, to prescribe by International&amp;nbsp; Non-proprietary Name (INN) to increase the
use of generic medicines and the less costly&amp;nbsp;
available product. An implementation report will be published by
December 2012. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;3.49.
Continue to publish prescription guidelines with reference to medicines and the
&amp;nbsp;realisation of complementary diagnostic
exams on the basis of international prescription&amp;nbsp; guidelines, audit their implementation and
integrate them in the electronic prescription&amp;nbsp;
system. A first set of guidelines is introduced in the e-prescription
system by Q2 2013.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;3.50. The
government will produce a report assessing the effectiveness of the
enacted&amp;nbsp; legislation aimed at removing
all effective entry barriers for generic medicines, in particular&amp;nbsp; by reducing administrative/legal hurdles in
order to speed up the use and reimbursement of&amp;nbsp;
generics. [Q1-2013] &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;3.51. The
above measures should aim at gradually and substantially increasing the share
of&amp;nbsp; generic medicines to at least 30 per
cent of all outpatient prescription (in volume) in 2012.&amp;nbsp; Targets for substantial further increases in
2013 will be agreed in the sixth review. Pharmaceutical retailers and
wholesalers&amp;nbsp; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;3.52. The
Government will produce an intermediate assessment of the savings related
to&amp;nbsp; the revision of the calculation of
profit margins for wholesale companies and pharmacies.&amp;nbsp; [Q3-2012]. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;3.53. If
the revision does not produce the expected reduction in the distribution
profits of at&amp;nbsp; least EUR 50 million, an
additional contribution in the form of an average rebate (pay-back)&amp;nbsp; will be introduced, which will be calculated
on the mark-up. The rebate will reduce the new&amp;nbsp;
mark-up on producer prices further by at least 2 percentage points on
pharmacies and&amp;nbsp; 4 percentage points on
wholesalers. The rebate will be collected by the government on a&amp;nbsp; monthly basis through the Centro de
Conferência de Facturas, preserving the profitability of&amp;nbsp; small pharmacies in remote areas with low
turnover. [Q4-2013]&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Centralised purchasing and procurement &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;3.54.
Reinforce the centralised acquisition of vehicles, utilities, external services
and other&amp;nbsp; cross functional goods and
services by all entities included in the NHS, in order to reduce&amp;nbsp; costs through price volume agreements and
fighting waste. A detailed&amp;nbsp; action plan
will be&amp;nbsp; published by November 2012.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;3.55.
INFARMED will continue implementing the uniform coding system and a common&amp;nbsp; registry for medical supplies. [Ongoing]&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;3.56. Take
further measures to increase competition among private providers and reduce
by&amp;nbsp; an additional 10 percent the overall
spending of the NHS with private providers delivering&amp;nbsp; diagnostic and therapeutic services (with
particular reference to dialysis and rehabilitation). &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Regularly
evaluate and if necessary revise (at least every two years) the remuneration
paid to&amp;nbsp; private providers with the aim
of reducing the cost of more mature diagnostic and therapeutic &amp;nbsp;services. [Q4-2012]&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;3.57.
Implement the centralised purchasing of medical goods through the recently
created&amp;nbsp; Central Purchasing Authority
(SPMS), using the uniform coding system for medical supplies&amp;nbsp; and pharmaceuticals. Assess the possibility
of implementing the compulsory use of a&amp;nbsp; formulary
in all hospitals to monitor the stock and flows of hospital medicines and
medical&amp;nbsp; supplies and monitor compliance
with central purchasing. [Ongoing] &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;3.58.
Conduct an analysis of the market characteristics of relevant areas of
service&amp;nbsp; provision such as dialysis and
the pharmacies sector in view of ensuring competition and fair&amp;nbsp; prices in private markets.&amp;nbsp; [Q4-2013]&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Primary care services &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;3.59. As
part of the reorganisation of health services provision and notably the&amp;nbsp; concentration and specialisation of hospital
services and the further development of a costeffective primary care service,
the Government reinforces measures aimed at further reducing&amp;nbsp; unnecessary visits to specialists and
emergencies and improving care coordination. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;[Ongoing]
This will be done through:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;i.
increasing the number of USF (Unidades de Saúde Familiares) units&amp;nbsp; contracting with regional authorities (ARSs)
using a mix of salary and&amp;nbsp; performance-related
payments as currently the case. Extend performance&amp;nbsp; assessment to the other primary care units (UCSPs).
Make sure that the new&amp;nbsp; system leads to a
reduction in costs and more effective provision;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;ii.
setting-up a mechanism to guarantee the presence of family doctors in
needed&amp;nbsp; areas to induce a more even
distribution of family doctors across the country;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;iii. moving
human resources from hospital settings to primary care settings and&amp;nbsp; reconsidering the role of nurses and other specialties
in the provision of services;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;iv.
updating patients&#39; registration lists and the national register in order to
increase by at least 20 per cent the maximum number of patients per primary care/family
doctor for health centres and by 10 per cent for the USF. &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Hospital
services &lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;3.60.
Implement the strategy to clear arrears in the health sector, within the
overall strategy&amp;nbsp; for settling and
avoiding the re-emergence of arrears. Ensure standardised and tight
control&amp;nbsp; procedures for all health sector
entities to ensure expenditure commitments stay within the&amp;nbsp; budget allocated to each entity and therefore
prevent the re-emergence of arrears. [Q3-2012]&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;3.61.
Hospital SOEs will change the existing accounting framework and adopt
accounting&amp;nbsp; standards in line with the
requirements for private companies and other SOEs. This will help&amp;nbsp; improving the management of the enterprises
and the quality of the financial oversight by the&amp;nbsp; general government. [Q4-2013]&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;3.62.
Implement measures aimed at achieving a reduction of at least EUR 200 million
in&amp;nbsp; the operational costs of hospitals in
2012. This is to be achieved through the reduction in the number of management
staff, concentration and rationalisation in state hospitals and health&amp;nbsp; centres with a view to reducing capacity.
[Q4-2012]&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;3.63.
Continue the publication of clinical guidelines and set in place an auditing
system of their implementation. [Ongoing]&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;3.64. On
the basis of the comprehensive set of indicators, produce regular annual
reports&amp;nbsp; comparing hospital performance
(benchmarking). Establish a web-portal with publicly&amp;nbsp; available information. The first report is to
be published by end 2012 and its results should&amp;nbsp;
be used to establish targets for less performing hospitals. [Q4-2012]&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;3.65.
Continue work to ensure full interoperability of IT systems in hospitals, in
order for&amp;nbsp; the ACSS to gather real time
information on hospital accounting and activities and to produce&amp;nbsp; monthly reports to the Ministry of Health and
the Ministry of Finance. [Ongoing]&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;3.66.
Continue with the reorganisation and rationalisation of the hospital network
through&amp;nbsp; specialisation, concentration
and downsizing of hospital services, joint management (building&amp;nbsp; on the Decree-Law 30/2011) and joint
operation of hospitals. The aim is to adjust hospital&amp;nbsp; provision within the same health region,
notably in the presence of newly established PPP&amp;nbsp; hospitals, adjust the activity of some
hospitals from curative care towards areas such as&amp;nbsp; rehabilitation, long-term and palliative care
and revise emergency and transplantation&amp;nbsp;
structures. These improvements aim at eliminating unnecessary
duplication, achieving&amp;nbsp; economies of
scale and deliver additional cuts in operating costs by at least 5 percent in
2013&amp;nbsp; while improving the quality of care
provided. A detailed action plan is published&amp;nbsp;
by 30&amp;nbsp; November 2012 and its
implementation is finalised&amp;nbsp; by end-2013.
Overall, from&amp;nbsp; 2011 to 2013, hospital
operational costs must be reduced by at least 15 per cent compared to 2010&amp;nbsp; level. [Q4-2012]&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;3.67.
Annually update the inventory of all health staff and prepare regular annual
reports&amp;nbsp; presenting plans for the
allocation of human resources in the period up to 2014. The report&amp;nbsp; specifies plans to reallocate qualified and
support staff within the NHS. [Q2-2013]&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;3.68.
Update the current legal framework applying to the organisation of working time
of healthcare staff, including introduction of rules to increase mobility
within and across Health&amp;nbsp; Regions,
adoption of flexible&amp;nbsp; time arrangements
and review of payment mechanisms for&amp;nbsp; emergency
work, the prevention regime and per call payments, notably by aligning overtime
remuneration in the health care sector with the general legal framework
recently adopted. In&amp;nbsp; this context,
overtime compensation should be reduced by 20% in 2012 and another 20% in&amp;nbsp; 2013.[Q4-2012] &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Regional health authorities &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;3.69.
Improve monitoring, internal control and&amp;nbsp;
fiscal risks management systems of the&amp;nbsp;
Administrações Regionais de Saúde. &lt;/span&gt;[Q4-2012]&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Cross
services &lt;/b&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;3.70.
Roll-out the system of patient electronic medical records and ensure access to
all&amp;nbsp; relevant health care facilities.
[Ongoing] &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;3.71.
Reduce costs for patient transportation by one third compared to 2010. &lt;/span&gt;[Q4-2012]&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/4532489506043190597'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/4532489506043190597'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://apontamentos.blogspot.com/2012/10/quinta-avaliacao-health-care-system.html' title='Quinta avaliação: Health care system'/><author><name>victor</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14764343066231484956</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7735125.post-6113279155307756836</id><published>2012-10-01T09:43:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2012-10-01T09:43:23.011+01:00</updated><title type='text'>HH, solução não é ideal</title><content type='html'>&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalTable&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394;&quot;&gt;Luís
  Campos&lt;/span&gt;, &lt;span style=&quot;color: #bf9000;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;no II Fórum Entidade Reguladora da Saúde (ERS) sobre «O Acesso aos
  Cuidados de Saúde»&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;«Tem que
  haver uma concentração do internamento e uma descentralização do ambulatório,
  ou eventualmente uma duplicação dos serviços básicos, mas nunca este tipo de
  modelo» de hospital, alertou o presidente do Conselho Nacional para a
  Qualidade em Saúde. Esta foi uma das muitas reflexões que Luís Campos deixou
  para a ERS e para a tutela.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Luís Campos, actual director do serviço de Medicina IV do Centro Hospitalar
  de Lisboa Ocidental (CHLO) e presidente do Conselho Nacional para a Qualidade
  em Saúde (CNQS) da Direcção-Geral da Saúde, não foi politicamente correcto na
  sua intervenção no II Fórum ERS sobre «O Acesso aos Cuidados de Saúde», que decorreu
  no passado dia 21.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
«Não temos feito um mau trabalho na equidade e acesso aos cuidados de saúde»,
  mas «subsiste uma ampla margem de melhoria», garantiu o especialista, que
  assinalou o que não está a correr bem.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;«Não sabemos resultados» das reformas&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Sobre as ameaças e oportunidades para melhorar este panorama, o responsável
  não tem dúvidas: «Primeiro, é preciso conhecer, de facto, o impacte das
  reformas na equidade e no acesso. Fazemos muitas mudanças, ULS, Aces, USF,
  PPP, reforma das Urgências, dos cuidados primários, dos cuidados continuados,
  mas, na maior parte delas, não sabemos que resultados tiveram.» E para Luís
  Campos, «temos que saber, porque este não conhecimento é uma forma de
  desperdício».&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
E detalhou: «As ULS, que são das experiências mais extraordinárias que há a
  nível internacional de integração de cuidados c&lt;u&gt;om&lt;/u&gt; nova forma de
  financiamento... Não sabemos quais os seus resultados.» Em relação às redes,
  «de Urgência, hospitalares, etc., cada grupo, cada c&lt;u&gt;om&lt;/u&gt;issão fez a sua
  rede independentemente das outras e, neste m&lt;u&gt;om&lt;/u&gt;ento, é um emaranhado:
  Aces que têm vários hospitais, hospitais que têm vários Aces. Porquê? Às
  vezes porque os secretários de Estado não falavam um c&lt;u&gt;om&lt;/u&gt; o outro…»,
  apontou o director do serviço de Medicina IV do CHLO.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Dúvidas na concentração de hospitais&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Uma outra ameaça referida por Luís Campos prende-se c&lt;u&gt;om&lt;/u&gt; a concentração
  dos hospitais. Recordando que os hospitais sofreram mudanças importantíssimas
  — em 1970 tínhamos 634 hospitais e em 2011 temos 53, dos quais 21 são centros
  hospitalares —, o responsável lembrou também que, apesar dos benefícios, «é
  preciso ter cuidado c&lt;u&gt;om&lt;/u&gt; as concentrações».&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
«Nos últimos anos houve a febre da criação de centros Hospitalares. Não havia
  nenhum estudo (a Entidade Reguladora da Saúde fez um, mas não c&lt;u&gt;om&lt;/u&gt;parou
  o antes c&lt;u&gt;om&lt;/u&gt; o depois) e, genericamente, parece que os resultados são
  positivos.» No entanto, considerou o presidente do CNQS, «não fiz nenhum
  estudo, mas sei de um modelo que não faz nenhum bem ao acesso dos doentes,
  que é o do Centro Hospitalar do Médio-Tejo».&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
«Reparem que o Hospital de Abrantes tem Urgência geral, Urgência obstétrica,
  Ortopedia, Cirurgia geral, mas a Urgência pediátrica, a Pediatria, a
  Cardiologia, a Nefrologia, a Pneumologia e a Medicina Interna estão só no
  Hospital de Torres Novas. Depois, outras especialidades c&lt;u&gt;om&lt;/u&gt;o
  Psiquiatria, Urologia, Oftalmologia e ORL estão no Hospital de T&lt;u&gt;om&lt;/u&gt;ar»,
  apontou, chamando a atenção a audiência. Ou seja, «o doente velhinho, de 70
  anos, incapacitado e já c&lt;u&gt;om&lt;/u&gt; dificuldade em orientar-se num hospital,
  para obter os cuidados hospitalares tem que percorrer estes hospitais todos»,
  concluiu Luís Campos.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Mas há outro modelo sobre o qual o especialista tem «alguma discordância»: a
  concentração das Urgências na ARS do Norte. «Foi metida cada especialidade em
  cada hospital — a Gastrenterologia no Centro Hospitalar do Porto, a Urologia
  no Hospital de S. João, a cardiotorácica no Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de
  Gaia, alternado c&lt;u&gt;om&lt;/u&gt; o Hospital de S. João. O doente politraumatizado
  que entre e precise das várias intervenções tem que adivinhar se as coisas se
  conjugam para as suas necessidades», criticou.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Por isso, defende Luís Campos, «tem que haver uma concentração do
  internamento e uma descentralização do ambulatório, ou eventualmente uma
  duplicação dos serviços básicos, mas nunca este tipo de modelo.»&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Trabalho em rede é a solução para os hospitais&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
O director do serviço de Medicina IV do CHLO não tem dúvidas: «a solução
  encontrada para os hospitais não foi a ideal.» «Fecharam-se as Urgências,
  passaram a consultas não programadas entregues aos cuidados primários.
  Entregou-se o internamento aos cuidados continuados. Manteve-se o ambulatório
  no hospital. Mas tem que haver redes. Os médicos têm que sair dos hospitais
  distritais, centrais e irem aos centros de saúde e aos hospitais de
  proximidade prestar cuidados diferenciados», alertou o especialista.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
C&lt;u&gt;om&lt;/u&gt;o tal, advoga a necessidade de «aliar a concentração para permitir
  equipes, a diferenciação e volume c&lt;u&gt;om&lt;/u&gt; a prestação de cuidados
  diferenciados, também na proximidade». E, para Luís Campos, «os hospitais de
  proximidade são uma forma de o fazer».&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Além disso, esta é também a oportunidade para «pr&lt;u&gt;om&lt;/u&gt;over formas de
  integração de cuidados de saúde e apoio social (nesse m&lt;u&gt;om&lt;/u&gt;ento s&lt;u&gt;om&lt;/u&gt;os
  nós nos hospitais que temos que resolver os problemas sociais dos doentes)».&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
O médico defende também uma «utilização mais racional dos serviços de saúde —
  e há formas de o fazer», bem c&lt;u&gt;om&lt;/u&gt;o uma prestação de contas regular e
  transparente. A este propósito, contou, «para esta apresentação fui buscar
  dados ao SIGIC e os últimos eram de 2010. Já os dados da Consulta a Tempo e
  Horas não estão lá!».&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Finalmente, precisamos de «um modelo de governação clínica que junte os
  hospitais, os centros de saúde, a Direcção-Geral da Saúde, o Departamento de
  Qualidade. Que junte as c&lt;u&gt;om&lt;/u&gt;issões de gestão de risco e as c&lt;u&gt;om&lt;/u&gt;issões
  de qualidade. Esta estrutura de governação não existe», desabafou.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
«Temos que desafiar as ortodoxias!», considera Luís Campos. E «há que partir
  do princípio de pensar que podemos fazer isto de uma forma c&lt;u&gt;om&lt;/u&gt;pletamente
  diferente». «Se nós pensarmos que o hospital não serve só para tratar
  doentes, podemos pensar que o hospital pode ter um restaurante gourmet, uma
  escola de formação, o serviço de fisiatria ser um ginásio para os funcionários…
  ter uma creche nos hospitais», deixou alguns exemplos. E depois, «temos uma
  grande ilha de oportunidades perdidas», disse apontando para um slide que
  mostrava o Arquipélago da Madeira e dos Açores.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Portugueses usam mal os serviços de Urgência&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Para o médico Luís Campos, «os portugueses genericamente utilizam mal os
  serviços de saúde. Usam demasiado as Urgências, c&lt;u&gt;om&lt;/u&gt;o lojas de
  conveniência (40% são triados c&lt;u&gt;om&lt;/u&gt;o não urgentes ou pouco urgentes), e
  existe um recurso directo excessivo às sub-especialidades (quando «dói a
  barriga» vai-se a um gastrenterologista)». Além disso, «pressionam muito os
  médicos para fazerem exames. Ninguém fica curado sem fazer uma TAC ou
  ressonância e a realidade é que temos 1,3 vezes mais TAC por milhão de
  habitantes do que a média dos 25 países da OCDE», afirmou.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
C&lt;u&gt;om&lt;/u&gt; o aumento das taxas moderadoras seria de esperar que o acesso às
  Urgências mudasse. E, c&lt;u&gt;om&lt;/u&gt;o constatou, no primeiro semestre de 2012
  houve, de facto, uma diminuição importante de 10,2% na ocorrência às
  Urgências hospitalares (essencialmente os verdes e os azuis). No entanto,
  «também não aumentaram as consultas nos CSP, diminuíram 1,7%. E isso tem ser
  observado!», alertou Luís Campos.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Outro factor preocupante, retirado de um estudo feito sobre o serviço de
  Urgência do Hospital de S. Francisco Xavier, em 1800 doentes considerados
  high users — que vão mais de 4 vezes à Urgência, e que consumiram mais de 10
  mil episódios, em 2004 – foi que, desses doentes, «70% são pessoas c&lt;u&gt;om&lt;/u&gt;
  doenças crónicas e que estão a ser tratadas de uma forma aguda nas
  Urgências», salientou o presidente do CNQS.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Diferenças entre instituições não são conhecidas&amp;nbsp;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Luís Campos considera que a falta de dados sobre a variabilidade nos estudos
  feitos entre instituições é uma grande lacuna. A percentagem de consultas de
  prioridade normal c&lt;u&gt;om&lt;/u&gt; demora média superior ao TMRG (150 dias)
  demonstra que «há uma extrema variabilidade entre instituições (instituições
  que ultrapassam em média 60% e outras que em que de facto todas conseguem
  responder)», sublinhou. Ou seja, «a variabilidade é de facto um dado muito
  importante para nos alertar para problemas de qualidade em determinados
  sítios». Uma outra fonte muito importante são «os registos das sociedades,
  que nunca tratam o problema da variabilidade. Todos os estudos tratam médias
  e medianas, mas nunca mostram a variabilidade por instituição», referiu.
  Exemplificando, referiu que a Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia, a pedido
  do CNQ no registo nacional de síndr&lt;u&gt;om&lt;/u&gt;es coronários
  agudos em 2011. «Vejam a variabilidade que existem entre os vários centros
  que tratam enfarte de miocárdio», disse olhando para as assimetrias no mapa.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Outra assimetria referida, «toda a gente sabe», é o facto de «Lisboa e Vale
  do Tejo ter uma deficiência de camas de cuidados continuados (57% em lista de
  espera em 30 de Julho de 2012)». Por outro lado, «estranhamente, ou talvez
  não, s&lt;u&gt;om&lt;/u&gt;os o terceiro país da OCDE que coloca mais doentes em
  hemodiálise. Porque será?», perguntou de forma retórica.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394;&quot;&gt;Teresa Mendes&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394;&quot;&gt;Tempo Medicina 27 de Setembro de 12&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
  &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
  &lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;

  &lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/6113279155307756836'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/6113279155307756836'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://apontamentos.blogspot.com/2012/10/hh-solucao-nao-e-ideal.html' title='HH, solução não é ideal'/><author><name>victor</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14764343066231484956</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7735125.post-8523144055575031964</id><published>2012-09-03T23:05:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2012-09-03T23:05:06.490+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Troika"/><title type='text'> Sinais de deriva</title><content type='html'>&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;ecxMsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #2a2a2a; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;‘Para os gurus liberais que nos governam, menos Estado significa desfazer-se de tudo o que pode implicar no futuro a existência de uma política económica que não seja apenas ditada pelo que eles chamam a livre concorrência. Foi assim que o BPN foi privatizado com o Estado a pagar, em lugar de receber que a fatia pública da Cimpor foi privatizada, com prejuízo; que a ANA e a TAP vão ser descartadas a preço de saldo; que a construção naval vai acabar com a liquidação sumária dos Estaleiros de Viana, por onde não passa a tão apregoada “aposta no mar”. Foi para tornar o Estado inoperante em sectores estratégicos que, ao contrário do que fazem países como a França ou a Alemanha, o Governo se apressou a desfazer-se das golden shares que lhes restavam e assiste de braços cruzados à óbvia cartelização das petrolíferas e ao abuso de poder da EDP, aliás subsidiada à socapa. E é por isso que avança na privatização de sectores que, nem sequer sendo deficitários, prestam serviços públicos essenciais, que a mais elementar prudência recomendaria que não fossem privatizados ou concessionados em regime de monopólio, como são os correios e a água. E é por isso, enfim, que o Governo acaba de se atolar no pântano da privatização da RTP, cujo interesse público escapa a todos e onde apenas é claro o interesse particular do Governo em seguir avante: tudo o resto é uma trapalhada absoluta, com cenários alternativos que se contradizem uns aos outros, sucessivos grupos de trabalho e consultores contratados, cujo único resultado é demonstrar a sua total ignorância sobre o que seja um serviço público de televisão e o próprio mercado do audiovisual português e a sua absoluta impreparação e incompetência para se ocupar do assunto. Pudemos assim assistir, estarrecidos, à lição de cátedra do liberal Borges propondo, sem vergonha, oferecer uma estação e um canal público a um qualquer amigo privado e ainda lhe dar 140 milhões por ano. Privatização? Reajustamento? Poupança? Não, apenas despudor. O fundamentalismo ideológico que determina a política seguida não reconhece qualquer razão de interesse público e já nem sequer se sustenta na racionalidade económica. É por isso que o Governo foi tão lesto a reduzir os contratos de trabalho e a sua protecção jurídica a quase nada, como se ter trabalho fosse um privilégio em si mesmo, mas não ousa encarar de frente o poder da EDP — nem para defender os consumidores nem para diminuir os custos de produção das empresas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;ecxMsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #2a2a2a; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;ecxMsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #2a2a2a; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;A querida troika veio encontrar uma execução orçamental em que nenhuma das célebres reformas prometidas e esperadas avançou (eu rio-me da ignorância deles quando oiço os alemães dizer que Portugal não tem outro caminho senão continuar com as reformas). Em que a dívida pública aumentou e o défice estabelecido para este ano nem por intervenção divina será cumprido. Em que 300.000 pessoas perderam o emprego e dezenas de milhares de empresas faliram e muitas mais vão falir porque a banca não empresta um tostão a ninguém — e até o mais assanhado esquerdista sabe que, sem crédito, não há economia que possa funcionar. Em que 19 das 20 empresas do PSI-20 se mudaram para melhores residências fiscais e os que ficaram estão a ser exterminados por um governo ‘liberal’ que tornou tão insustentável a carga fiscal que em lugar de recolher mais dinheiro o perdeu. E em que, finalmente, toda a poupança na despesa pública foi conseguida com cortes de salários, mantendo intacta a superstrutura que arruína o país e os maus hábitos de proteger com dinheiros públicos os amigos do costume.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;ecxMsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #2a2a2a; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;ecxMsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;color: #2a2a2a; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;Um ano e meio decorrido, depois de ter aceitado os sacrifícios impostos com uma resiliência que todos reconhecem, os portugueses têm o direito de esperar que o Governo e a troika lhes digam o que correu mal e porquê, e o que vai ser mudado ou revisto. E não adianta virem com desculpas sobre a conjuntura externa, porque esta é a mesma maioria que não aceitava essa explicação ao governo anterior. Não adianta virem dizer que a situação era bem pior do que esperavam, pois que nos juraram que conheciam bem a situação e estavam preparados para governar (e ainda esperamos provado “desvio colossal”...). Supondo que, quer o Governo quer a troika, não tenham a humildade de reconhecer que falharam no diagnóstico e na solução, é de esperar, pelo menos, que não venham, simplesmente, propor-nos mais do mesmo. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #fce5cd;&quot;&gt;Estamos pobres e descrentes, todavia ainda não estúpidos de todo.’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;ecxMsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #2a2a2a; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 24px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #073763; font-family: Trebuchet MS, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Miguel Sousa Tavares, semanário Expresso, 01.09.12&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/8523144055575031964'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/8523144055575031964'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://apontamentos.blogspot.com/2012/09/sinais-de-deriva.html' title=' Sinais de deriva'/><author><name>victor</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14764343066231484956</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7735125.post-8096446641201993132</id><published>2012-07-23T23:25:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2012-07-23T23:25:06.652+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Entrevistas"/><title type='text'>&quot;Os doentes com cancro em Portugal estão a ser punidos”</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3d85c6;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Vítor Veloso&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt; é muito crítico em relação ao modo como está a ser feita em Portugal a luta contra o cancro:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Antes de começarmos esta entrevista dizia que estava muito preocupado. Com quê?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Uma das questões que mais me preocupa está relacionada com os sobreviventes do cancro que não estão a ser devidamente tratados. Estas pessoas têm de ter, indiscutivelmente, uma vigilância contínua mesmo depois dos cinco anos livres de cancro e, para a Liga, é muito preocupante que estes doentes não sejam defendidos. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Mas estas pessoas não estão isentas de taxas moderadoras, como diz o ministro da Saúde?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O senhor ministro anunciou publicamente, há cerca de dois meses, que os sobreviventes de cancro, após cinco anos livres da doença, não pagariam taxas moderadoras dos exames e consultas relacionadas com a sua patologia. Mas, de qualquer modo, isso ainda não saiu em sítio nenhum. Estes doentes continuam a pagar e sem qualquer apoio. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Existem cerca de 250 mil pessoas nesta situação, é isso?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Mais. Na minha opinião serão entre os 300 e 400 mil doentes. É preciso que haja uma portaria, directriz, circular, qualquer coisa oficial que diga que estes doentes estão efectivamente isentos. Nessa altura, estes que estão a pagar deviam ser reembolsados. Os doentes reclamam que estão isentos e a parte administrativa diz que não sabe de nada e, por isso, acabam por pagar. Só houve a palavra do ministro e mais nada. Isto não pode ser. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Relativamente aos doentes com cancro, a LPCC também está preocupada ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Também. A nível da acessibilidade há muitos problemas. As pessoas não têm dinheiro para pagar os transportes. Uma senhora contavame que gastava todo o dinheiro que o Estado dá só no táxi de sua casa até ao transporte público que precisava de apanhar até ao Porto. Isso é dramático. O Governo fixa a isenção na base do ordenado mínimo mas, para as pessoas que têm rendimentos um pouco acima disso e que não estão isentas, é muito difícil aguentar. São muitas consultas e tratamentos. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Há doentes a faltar às consultas? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Houve muitos doentes que faltaram a consultas e tratamentos de radioterapia e quimioterapia e que continuam a faltar. Repare que isso faz a diferença entre uma cura ou a sobrevivência com qualidade e uma morte desnecessária. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Tem ideia de quantas pessoas estão nessa situação? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Não. É difícil ter dados sobre isso até porque os doentes têm medo de se queixar, seja do que for. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Medo? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Pode acreditar que sim. Têm medo de represálias dos serviços onde são tratados. É uma realidade e uma tolice. Aliás, quando um doente faz queixa, provavelmente, vai ser mais bem tratado. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Está a desafiar os doentes a apresentar queixas? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Não. Acho que os doentes têm o direito e o dever de apresentar queixas, reclamações. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;E, na sua opinião, têm razões para se queixar? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Muitas. O que se está a passar nesta área é perverso e perigoso. Os doentes estão a ser punidos. As acessibilidades, as taxas moderadoras, as consultas não atempadas... &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Demoradas?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Consultas que não são realizadas dentro dos limites aceitáveis para que o doente oncológico seja visto. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Por exemplo? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Uma espera de um ano num serviço hospitalar de urologia para uma consulta, existindo já a suspeita de um diagnóstico de cancro da próstata não é aceitável. Ou a espera de um ano para serem chamados para uma consulta de otorrinolaringologia. Isto acontece. Por outro lado, os hospitais tentam contornar isto porque recebem um pedido de consulta mas não inscrevem de imediato o doente. Com isto ganham tempo, por vezes dois ou três meses. Os hospitais optam por só inscrever o doente quando têm vaga e assim, aparentemente, cumprem os tempos de resposta que são exigidos. Isto passa-se em praticamente todos os hospitais. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Há cortes de medicamentos Têm sido referidas dificuldades de acesso a medicamentos...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Esse é outro problema grave. Há doentes, por exemplo, que estão a fazer hormonoterapia que são doentes ainda em tratamento e, neste caso, o que vemos é que temos hospitais de primeira, segunda e terceira. Uns dão esta medicação, outros não dão e outros nem se interessam. Isto não pode ser. É um princípio de igualdade que está a ser ferido. Não entendo que no nosso país existam estas diferenças de tratamento. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Mas quem é que não dá este tratamento? Os IPO dão?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Os IPO ainda dão, mas custame que os outros hospitais que fazem oncologia não dêem. Como disse, isto é um princípio de igualdade, mas também acredito que a decisão não pode partir dos próprios hospitais. O senhor ministro disse recentemente que nunca tinha proibido os hospitais de dar qualquer tipo de medicação. É evidente que não, mas isso é uma forma encapotada de não ter responsabilidades e passá-las para os conselhos de administração que estão cada vez mais apertados com os cortes nos seus orçamentos. O ministro tem de assumir o ónus político e definir o que é que o Estado pode pagar. Tem de ser uma orientação do Ministério da Saúde. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Há medicamentos, sobretudo os novos, com custos elevados...&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Há medicamentos muito caros que não são comprovadamente eficazes ou que dão uma sobrevida de mais dois ou três meses e muitas vezes sem qualquer qualidade de vida. Cortar aqui faz sentido. Mas aqueles que são e que demonstram durante anos e anos que são armas eficazes, esses têm de ser garantidos e o país tem de fazer esse esforço. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Também estão a ser cortados? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Alguns hospitais cortamnos por causa de restrições económicas. Insisto que é ao Ministério da Saúde que compete definir o que se corta e não devem ser as administrações hospitalares. Já se disse que os conselhos de administração seriam sujeitos a procedimento penal se ultrapassassem os seus orçamentos. Ora, é evidente que, numa situação destas, as administrações hospitalares serão cada vez mais restritivas. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Mas é preciso cortar. Onde? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Podemos racionalizar nas consultas, meios de diagnóstico, exames. Muitas vezes pedem coisas repetidas, sem interesse. Mais uma vez estamos perante algo perverso. Os médicos, muitas vezes, tentam contornar alguns problemas e, por exemplo, pedem exames muito mais caros, mas que não têm lista de espera para acelerar as coisas. E o hospital ainda não percebeu que vai gastar mais dinheiro do que se efectivamente respondesse atempadamente aos doentes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Por exemplo?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Em vez de pedir um raio X ou uma mamografi a pedem uma ressonância magnética. Em vez de pedir uma TAC pedem um PET. Isso envolve uma enorme diferença de preço e o PET não tem lista de espera. Sob o ponto de vista económico, é um desastre. Depois há os exames repetidos, os centros de saúde pedem exames que nos hospitais voltam a ser pedidos. Fazem análises repetidas. É preciso que funcione melhor.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;A prometida rede de referenciação pode ajudar a melhorar estas respostas?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;A rede de referenciação é virtual e já não corresponde minimamente à realidade actual. Em dez anos mudou tudo, os critérios, as condições, os equipamentos, as especialidades... O Governo tem já um ano de vigência e tudo aquilo que devia estar feito a nível de oncologia ainda não foi feito. Mas na rede a aplicar há que ter em atenção que zonas no interior precisam de ter hospitais de referência no tratamento do cancro. Cada vez fi co mais preocupado com a tendência de centralizar tudo no litoral e com a desertifi cação do interior do país.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Mas concorda que há serviços que devem encerrar?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Claro que sim. Há locais sem conhecimento sufi ciente parta tratar doentes oncológicos. E muitas vezes estes serviços mais pequenos têm acesso a fármacos que os grandes hospitais não têm. Há outros pequenos serviços que não deviam fechar e o Estado devia dar-lhes condições e recursos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O cancro está subfinanciado&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Não acha que investir em tempo de tantos cortes será difícil?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O cancro está subfinanciado. As doenças cardiovasculares gastam o dobro. E o cancro mata mais. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Recentemente, associou este aumento de mortes a uma falta de qualidade de tratamento. Em que se baseou?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;A incidência aumentou, a esperança de vida também, o aparecimento de cancro na velhice é muito mais frequente. Por tudo isto há mais mortes no cancro.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Então não tem a ver com a qualidade do tratamento...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Provavelmente, ainda não está relacionado. Podem já existir casos de tratamento não atempado. Mas se continuarmos com este tipo de atitude, se não se fi zer nada, pode ter a certeza que as mortes por cancro vão aumentar também por falta de tratamento atempado ou adequado.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Muitos destes doentes, antes de se queixarem, pedem ajuda. A Liga tem recebido mais pedidos?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Sim. Pedem para pagar medicamentos, transporte, tudo. Até alimentação. Aparecem-nos as coisas mais extraordinárias no sentido negativo. Houve um aumento de 50 por cento no último ano. Estamos a falar, aqui no Norte, de cerca de quatro mil pessoas que pedem ajuda à Liga. Umas de forma pontual e outras regularmente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Quantos pedidos tinham antes?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Há cinco anos tínhamos um quarto destes pedidos. E ainda não estamos a falar numa fatia da população que há agora, de “novos pobres”, que estava no limiar e que ou porque foi alvo de um despedimento ou outro motivo jáestá neste momento na pobreza. Estas pessoas têm vergonha e não sabem como aceder aos apoios que existem.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Esses ainda não bateram a esta porta?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Muito poucos. E isso preocupanos. Gostávamos que estes “novos pobres” viessem ter connosco, sem problemas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Terá resposta para eles?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Temos. Temos programas que prevêem actividades que são importantes – como a educação para a saúde –, mas que estamos dispostos a sacrifi car. Dada a situação do país e destes doentes, não vamos hesitar em diminuir a actividade desses programas para termos resposta. Temos actualmente um orçamento de 400 mil euros só para os pedidos de ajuda, há três anos eram 75 mil. E, se for preciso, desviamse mais verbas. É fundamental neste momento auxiliar o doente oncológico em difi culdades.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #3d85c6; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Entrevista Andrea Cunha Freitas, JP 22.07.12&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/8096446641201993132'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/8096446641201993132'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://apontamentos.blogspot.com/2012/07/os-doentes-com-cancro-em-portugal-estao.html' title='&quot;Os doentes com cancro em Portugal estão a ser punidos”'/><author><name>victor</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14764343066231484956</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7735125.post-2795401330583986492</id><published>2012-07-21T11:49:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2012-07-21T11:49:22.557+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Crise do liberalismo"/><title type='text'>UE, aftermath</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;No passado dia 6 de Julho, a ministra das Finanças finlandesa afirmou que preferia preparar-se para sair do euro do que pagar as dívidas dos outros países. Foi também a 6 de Julho que foi lançado o livro Aftermath. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Produto da discussão e das análises realizadas ao longo dos últimos três anos no âmbito de um projecto que teve o apoio da Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian e foi coordenado por Manuel Castells. Na abertura desse livro alerta-se o leitor para a possibilidade de, quando estiver a lê-lo, a crise se ter de novo metamorfoseado. E é esse o caso. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O dia 6 de Julho de 2012 será lembrado como o momento de uma nova fase da crise iniciada em 2008. A crise é hoje abertamente institucional, colocando em causa a própria natureza do que virá a ser o futuro da União Europeia. Nós estamos a viver num rescaldo continuado da crise. O rescaldo a que nos referimos é a paisagem social, económica e institucional que está a surgir dos escombros do colapso e da tentativa de salvamento — com uma manta de retalhos — do capitalismo financeiro global e informacional que transformou as sociedades nas últimas três décadas. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O que nos reserva o futuro, ninguém o sabe, porque, entre outras coisas, uma das características do poderoso sistema financeiro no coração da crise foi a privatização do futuro, substituída por um mercado de futuros a ser comercializado segundo os ganhos de curto prazo. O resultado, como sabemos, tem sido a imprevisibilidade sistemática e a quebra da solidariedade intergeracional. Mas se não sabemos quais serão os contornos do futuro, sabemos algo de muito importante: não podemos regressar ao nosso passado recente. A virtualização do capital; a securitização de tudo num ambiente não regulado; o desligar da produção de bens e serviços da sua valorização; a separação entre as moedas e as políticas fiscais; a ficção da integração total das economias europeias com diferentes níveis de produtividade e défices públicos divergentes; o financiamento da dívida das economias no centro da rede global com empréstimos dos capitais acumulados no que outrora era a periferia; tudo isto chegou aos limites da sustentabilidade. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O que está a ser debatido não é a necessidade de reestruturar o sistema, mas o que deve ser feito e como. Em particular, quem paga pelo quê e quanto, quem fica com os benefícios e quem suporta o sofrimento da transição para um novo conjunto de instituições e regras. Tal será decidido segundo as relações de poder na base dos valores, interesses, estratégias e políticas que estão a ser debatidas na economia global em rede, nos Estados-nação e em cada sociedade em rede específica. De facto, os sistemas sociais não colapsam em resultado das suas contradições internas. A crise, os seus conflitos e o tratamento que lhes é dado são sempre um processo social. E este processo social é implementado e moldado pelos interesses, valores, crenças e estratégias dos actores sociais. Isto para dizer que, quando um sistema não reproduz automaticamente a sua lógica, existem tentativas de o restaurar tal como era, bem como projectos para reorganizar um novo sistema com base num novo conjunto de interesses e valores. O resultado final é, muitas vezes, resultado de conflitos e negociações entre os actores que são os porta-estandartes destas diferentes lógicas. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O sistema capitalista financeiro global que induziu a crise foi a expressão de um determinado conjunto de interesses, bem como a manifestação de uma cultura económica específica. Estes interesses e esta cultura ainda dominam na economia e na sociedade. Assim, o primeiro esforço para reestruturar o sistema caracterizou-se pela tentativa de restaurar as mesmas regras do jogo num enquadramento institucional mais apertado, menor redistribuição de riqueza e maior vigilância na implementação da lógica do sistema sobre os excessos dos seus gestores sem regras. Em termos de políticas económicas, depois do falhanço financeiro de Setembro de 2008, foi considerado um conjunto de estratégias, e algumas foram implementadas, por governos, empresas e instituições internacionais. No novo ambiente de produção de políticas, o Estado, tanto o Estado-nação como as redes de diferentes Estados, recuperou o seu papel de direcção na gestão do capitalismo através de múltiplas medidas. Na base destas medidas para lidar com a crise estava um crescente debate político entre os que defendiam o restabelecimento da saúde financeira do sistema e depois deixar o mercado fazer o seu papel, e os que duvidavam da capacidade do mercado se restabelecer dada a forte quebra da procura e de crédito disponível. Deste modo, propuseram uma nova forma de neokeynesianismo temporário, enfatizando os gastos públicos despendidos para induzir a criação maciça de empregos a curto prazo. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;A tentativa neokeynesiana, que implicava um aumento substancial nos gastos públicos, durou pouco tempo nos países que a tentaram implementar. Existiam limites fiscais e, à medida que o rápido aumento da dívida pública aumentava o preço da estratégia, os mercados financeiros reagiam, desvalorizando as obrigações dos países sobreendividados e desvalorizando os das suas economias. À medida que as forças mais conservadoras se opunham tanto ao aumento dos impostos para os maiores rendimentos como aos gastos públicos, também existiram limites políticos que impossibilitaram qualquer projecto neokeynesiano, fazendo do sonho de um Estado-providência informacional um ideal utópico. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;País após país, as elites políticas envolveram-se em batalhas pela atribuição da culpa, tentando retirar vantagens das dores da crise para destruir os seus adversários políticos. A conclusão destas batalhas foi a ausência de coerência na gestão da crise, tanto a nível nacional como internacional, e a deslegitimação dos governos na mente dos seus cidadãos tornados desconfiados. Assim, o rescaldo imediato da crise de 2008 caracterizouse pela incapacidade dos governos em gerir a crise, induzindo o agravar da crise económica em 2010, da crise financeira a partir de 2011 e da crise institucional a partir de meados de 2012. Enquanto as empresas financeiras recuperaram os seus lucros, o mercado imobiliário colapsou; os incumprimentos em empréstimos para habitação dispararam por todo o lado; as linhas de crédito para as PME foram drasticamente reduzidas, provocando falências em massa; o desemprego disparou; a procura ainda se deprimiu mais; e os cidadãos fecharam-se nos seus países expressando de todas as maneiras a sua falta de solidariedade com outros povos e outras nações, mesmo quando os seus governos afirmavam a necessidade absoluta de partilharem a dor. De facto, a visão das elites empresariais a satisfazerem os seus elevados padrões de vida e das elites políticas a manterem a sua arrogância face à população desinformada, aprofundou a distância entre o povo e os poderes e abriu caminho para a raiva descontrolada, reacções populistas e movimentos sociais alternativos. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Assim, este é o rescaldo da crise: os resíduos disfuncionais de um modelo económico baseado num sistema financeiro incapaz de se reformar; a mudança da acumulação de capital dos velhos centros que se virtualizaram até à morte para as novas periferias que possuem e produzem a economia real, sem ainda terem o poder para a gerir; na maioria dos países um sistema político em ruínas, produto da sua autodestruição e dos ataques das multidões privadas de direitos que deixaram de acreditar nos seus líderes; uma sociedade civil em desordem, à medida que as velhas organizações sociais se esvaziaram e os novos actores da mudança social ainda são embrionários; e a mais importante característica desta paisagem: as velhas culturas económicas que garantiam a segurança, como a crença no mercado e a confiança nos bancos, perderam o seu poder comunicativo, enquanto as novas culturas baseadas na tradução do sentido da vida em sentido económico ainda estão a ser criadas. Tendo percorrido, desde 2008, o longo caminho que nos levou da crise financeira dos mercados até à crise institucional da União Europeia, e por arrasto dos Estados europeus, tornou-se fundamental abrir uma nova etapa de reconstrução das nossas sociedades, mercados e Estados. Este é o nosso ponto de partida. O “rescaldo” é aquilo que nos induziram até agora a viver; o futuro, teremos de o criar, pois ninguém deverá poder antecipá-lo por nós.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #0b5394;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Debate União Europeia, &lt;strong&gt;Gustavo Cardoso e João Caraça. JP 21 Jul 2012&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/2795401330583986492'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/2795401330583986492'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://apontamentos.blogspot.com/2012/07/ue-aftermath.html' title='UE, aftermath'/><author><name>victor</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14764343066231484956</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7735125.post-1043358844049479252</id><published>2012-04-30T00:11:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2012-04-30T00:14:02.696+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="taxas moderadoras"/><title type='text'>Taxas, Isentos por insuficiência económica</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Dos pedidos de isenção por insuficiência económica enviados este ano, um terço foi rejeitado pelo fisco. Mesmo assim, o ministério diz que o número de pessoas isentas aumentou em 580 mil face a 2011.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O número de cidadãos que ficaram isentos, por insuficiência económica, do pagamento de taxas moderadoras nas unidades do Serviço Nacional de Saúde (SNS) aumentou em cerca de 580 mil em comparação com 2011, mas mesmo com esse acréscimo corresponde ainda a menos de um quarto da população do país, indicam dados adiantados ao PÚBLICO pelo Ministério da Saúde (MS), numa altura em que se aproxima o final do período transitório do novo regime. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Até ontem, tinha sido atribuída isenção a 2.388.067 pessoas, por razões económicas (rendimento médio mensal igual ou inferior a 628,83 euros), quando em Dezembro de 2011 o total de isentos por este motivo ascendia a 1.807.854, segundo esclareceu o MS, em resposta escrita. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Em simultâneo, o número de crianças até aos 12 anos (que têm direito a isenção universal) diminuiu em mais de 22 mil só entre 2011 e 2012, totalizando agora 1.368.851. O ministério junta estes dois grupos para concluir que são, até à data, mais de 3,7 milhões os isentos do pagamento de taxas moderadoras. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O número está ainda bem longe do total de 7,2 milhões, que seriam os cidadãos que estariam em condições de usufruir da isenção, como indicavam os cálculos efectuados pelo próprio ministério quando o novo regime — que está em vigor desde 1 de Janeiro e veio agravar substancialmente as taxas a pagar nos serviços públicos de saúde — foi aprovado. Deste total, o MS tinha estimado que 5,2 milhões estariam isentos por insuficiência económica, mas este cálculo diz respeito “ao número potencial e não real, porque há pessoas que não recorrem ao SNS e não pedem isenção”, explicou ao PÚBLICO a assessoria do ministério, notando que o requerimento pode ser feito “em qualquer momento”. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Além do critério da insuficiência económica e da isenção para crianças até aos 12 anos, não pagam taxas no SNS as grávidas e as pessoas com incapacidade superior a 60%. Direito a isenção parcial (só nos centros de saúde) têm ainda os bombeiros e os dadores de sangue. Estão também dispensados do pagamento de taxas alguns doentes crónicos e pessoas sujeitas a procedimentos específicos que impliquem recorrente necessidade de cuidados. O ministério acrescenta que só em Maio estará em condições de afirmar quantos cidadãos ficarão isentos por insuficiência económica, mas continua a afirmar que o número potencial estimado de isenções por este motivo se mantém nos 5,2 milhões de cidadãos. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O certo é que muitas das pessoas que acreditavam ir ficar isentas por razões económicas graças ao novo modelo (porque o limite para a isenção passou do salário mínimo nacional para os tais 628,83 euros por mês) estão a receber respostas negativas da Administração Tributária (AT), que é quem avalia os requerimentos. Do conjunto de pessoas que, desde o início deste ano, enviaram pedidos de isenção, cerca de um terço foi “chumbado” pela AT, até 20 de Abril passado. Até essa data tinham sido atribuídas isenções a mais de 584 mil novos requerentes. “Ou seja, cerca de 67,8% dos requerimentos tiveram uma resposta positiva”, sublinha o MS, que não adianta razões para as respostas negativas. Mas este grupo deve ser constituído por muitas pessoas que acreditavam que os filhos entravam no cálculo do rendimento mensal médio do agregado familiar, o que não se verifica. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Ontem, o coordenador para a Saúde do Partido Socialista, António Serrano, enviou uma pergunta ao MS pedindo-lhe para esclarecer qual é o efectivo número de utentes que ficaram isentos do pagamento de taxas moderadoras e qual foi o impacto nas receitas do aumento dessas taxas, alegando que o novo modelo, cujo período transitório termina na segunda-feira, veio alterar as categorias de isenção e as regras de pagamento das taxas moderadoras, “duplicando o seu valor” e “inibindo o acesso dos portugueses ao Serviço Nacional de Saúde”. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;A partir de Maio, a cobrança de coimas para quem não pague as taxas moderadoras (e que até agora estava a cargo das unidades de saúde) passará a ser feita pelo Ministério das Finanças, que tem estado a desenvolver um programa informático para este efeito, em conjunto com a Administração Central do Sistema de Saúde.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;JP 30.04.12&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/1043358844049479252'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/1043358844049479252'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://apontamentos.blogspot.com/2012/04/taxas-isentos-por-insuficiencia.html' title='Taxas, Isentos por insuficiência económica'/><author><name>victor</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14764343066231484956</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7735125.post-710562155906831197</id><published>2012-04-21T00:08:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2012-04-21T00:08:26.677+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="França"/><title type='text'>France&#39;s next president faces tough decisions on health</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Whoever wins France&#39;s presidential election in May will have to tackle some difficult problems in the country&#39;s efficient but hugely expensive health system. Kim Willsher reports from Paris.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;In a drop-in clinic in a raggle-taggle area of north Paris, half a dozen mothers are waiting to have their babies weighed and measured or their toddlers vaccinated. The large, bright waiting room is decorated with drawings and colourful posters and filled with toys being energetically employed by a group of infants. A doctor is doing health checks and jabs, while other staff are on hand to give advice and support to mothers who feel isolated or depressed or simply need help with the multitude of anxieties facing new parents. Many of the women they see are poor; some are immigrants with a tenuous grasp of French; others are middle-class parents seeking reassurance. All get the same consideration and care, and the treatment is free.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;The French maternal and child protection system, known as PMI, began in 1945 with the principal aim of ensuring each child, whatever their social background, was given as healthy a start in life as possible. Today it is just one of the many pieces of the jigsaw that is the French health system; a system consistently declared one of the best and most generous in the world.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;It is a system that has helped give the French life expectancy of an average of 81 years, infant mortality rates of 3•9 per 1000 livebirths, and 3•3 doctors per 1000 population, according to the latest figures available from the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). It is, however, hugely expensive. Now doomsayers warn that unless France gets to grips with runaway health spending it is heading for disaster.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Philippe Even, an adviser to the French health ministry, and president of the Institute Necker, a Paris-based think tank and funding institute tied to the Necker Medical School is a fierce critic of the French health system that he describes as “exorbitantly expensive and utterly wasteful”, and requiring structural reform.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;His diagnosis is damning: hospitals do too many unnecessary operations, procedures, scans, and tests; doctors prescribe too many inefficient or useless at best, dangerous at worst, drugs; and the system is heading for a catastrophe.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“Studies have shown that 30% of operations in French hospitals serve no purpose whatsoever, people stay in hospital far too long, and there is a gulf between the prevalence of high-tech equipment and the availability of personnel qualified to use it. Doctors are also performing unnecessary tests to cover everything…because they fear being sued”, Even told The Lancet.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;France spends 11•8% of its GDP on health, the third highest in the world behind the USA and the Netherlands, which adds up to US$3978 (around €2985) per person, according to the OECD. With the onset of the global economic crisis, pressure was already on the French authorities to wrestle with public spending to get its budget deficit back on track. Today with the loss of the country&#39;s AAA credit rating, and with the state health fund, the Assurance Maladie, €14•5 billion in the red, the need for belt-tightening has become even more imperative. Although everybody agrees the French health system cannot go on living beyond its means, nobody has come up with a magic solution to cut costs without also hampering the quality and depth of services.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Certainly there will be no major initiatives for the next few months as France goes through first presidential, then legislative elections. In fact, in the mistral of daily, sometimes hourly, declarations, pronouncements and press releases from the ten presidential candidates running for election in the two-round vote in April and May, health reform is conspicuously absent. “The politicians are scared by the health issue. It&#39;s too much of a minefield. Nobody dares address the problems because they fear losing 100 000 votes in one fell swoop”, Louis-Jean Couderc, head of the Respiratory Diseases department at the Hospital Foch at Suresnes just outside Paris, said.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Jean de Kervasdoué, a health economist and former director general of hospitals, agreed: “Not one of the candidates is speaking about health. I don&#39;t think any one of them has a clue how to fill the big hole in the health budget.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;“The problem in France is that we don&#39;t face up to resolving problems until they become dramatic, and the question of France&#39;s health system is going to become dramatic in the next 18 months. Then we will all have a very big headache.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;It would take a brave person to address the problems right now, but governments have tried in the past, and largely failed. Nicolas Sarkozy came to power in 2007 with promises of reform, but has only been able to tinker with the system for fear of protests. Public opinion is vehemently against changes that might erode people&#39;s access to health care or the quality of treatment and the freedom to choose who delivers it. Doctors are also opposed to changes that infringe their independence.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Socialist presidential candidate Françoise Hollande has vowed to cut health costs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Patients pay up front for services and, with a few exceptions, are reimbursed most of the costs by the state. Around 90% of people have a top-up insurance policy that covers what the state does not reimburse. Treatment for acute and long-term illnesses are reimbursed at 100%. In 2009, Businessweek magazine wrote: “to grasp how the French system works, think about Medicare in the US then expand that to encompass the entire population.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Sarkozy&#39;s government has tried to bring down spending, making patients go to a referring doctor—the equivalent of registering with a general practitioner—if they wish to seek specialist treatment and have it fully reimbursed. Before they could see any doctor or specialist—or several of each—they wanted. A charge of €1 for each medical appointment was levied on all but the poorest patients and certain generic drugs have been withdrawn from the list of those that the state will reimburse, combined with widespread campaigns to halt the overprescription of antibiotics. There has also been a reorganisation of state hospitals, which are under orders to balance their books before the end of this year.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Couderc said the hospital reform had “seemed like a good idea”, but had introduced a new level of bureaucracy that had “paralysed” the decision-making process and consequently their development. “Also, the administration is no longer medical it&#39;s financial. You want to try something new medically, and you are asked for a business plan. That&#39;s not medicine, that&#39;s money.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Whoever is elected in May faces some hard decisions. On one hand the demands on the health service are growing with, like many other countries, an ageing population, more expensive treatments and procedures, and a large number of doctors reaching retirement age and not being replaced. On the other, income is shrinking since social security contributions, calculated on earnings, have been hit by rising unemployment.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Health spending accounts for around half the €23 billion Sécurité Sociale debt (the other parts being pensions and family allowances). In October, 2011, the French Government announced a second austerity plan to reduce spending growth from 2•8% to 2•5% yearly, saving €2•7 billion each year.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Many health experts and those working in the system say it needs reorganising and restructuring to reduce waste and inefficiency. “France always chooses the most expensive. We choose expensive hospitals over less expensive clinics, expensive specialists over less expensive general doctors, expensive doctors over less expensive nurses. And there is no control in the system”, said de Kervasdoué.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Couderc said: “There&#39;s a lot of treatment that could be done by nurses and not doctors. And there&#39;s too much money spent on emergency beds and not enough on convalescence that is much cheaper to provide.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;He added: “It&#39;s not a bad health system, but without putting a single centime more into it, it could be so much better.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Isabelle Joumard, a senior economist at the OECD, and author of a recently published study, Systèmes de santé—efficacité et politiques, said indicators, such as hospital admissions for treatable conditions like asthma, reveal that while the French health system is costly it is actually efficient. Administration costs, however, are the second highest in the world—around 7% of total health costs: “If we need to save money we could start there”, she said.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Joumard believes reorganisation is also in order. “We have a higher length of hospitalisation and this reflects the fact that we have good acute care, but a lack of structures for ambulatory procedures, and less costly aftercare”, she said. “We need to look at a repartition of responsibilities between the actors in the health service and see if we can be more efficient. One thing currently under discussion is a sharing of responsibilities between various players in the heath service and the roles of hospitals, doctors, and doctors and nurses.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Joumard believes the debate needs to be not just about cost but about equality of service. “We have found there is a fragmentation of health care meaning some social groups are better covered than others. The inequality needs to be at the heart of the debate”, she said. “The conclusion is that globally it&#39;s a very good system and it is certainly the envy of others. That&#39;s not to say it couldn&#39;t be improved.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Socialist presidential candidate François Hollande, currently on track to become the country&#39;s next leader according to opinion polls, has pledged to reduce France&#39;s budget deficit to 3% of GDP, from the current 4•4%, by 2013, bringing it in line with European requirements.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Among the health measures in his 60-point manifesto is a proposal to limit doctors&#39; fees over the statutory fee for reimbursement, and to reduce the price of medicines. He has also proposed that anyone in an advanced or terminal stage of an incurable illness might, under certain conditions, “benefit from medical assistance to terminate their life with dignity”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;In the political speeches in the past few weeks, however, health has barely merited a mention from any of the ten candidates. “There is no miracle solution. The things we have to do are difficult but we have to do them”, said Couderc. “That&#39;s why it&#39;s so strange we hear so little from the politicians. Nothing at all, in fact. It&#39;s aberrant that they have no ideas; no worse than that, it&#39;s lamentable and useless.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Kim Willsher , Lancet 20.04.12&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/710562155906831197'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/710562155906831197'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://apontamentos.blogspot.com/2012/04/frances-next-president-faces-tough.html' title='France&#39;s next president faces tough decisions on health'/><author><name>victor</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14764343066231484956</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7735125.post-7221084326596538552</id><published>2012-04-15T14:09:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2012-04-15T14:19:46.171+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Entrevistas"/><title type='text'>Correia de Campos, entrevista</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggEWyg0f7Ylf9pyOW8WRf6x5-WDAAhqhXX6daWGoJiFbBhRCiz0ynRAFFXuRe0FEmVAbi9UMIMSGHM9bfARRv4-gPZ7iqF_klV2UO7VqjT9APmP0exwdb11xVytxkz012t9d5k/s1600/cc+jp+15.04.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;278&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggEWyg0f7Ylf9pyOW8WRf6x5-WDAAhqhXX6daWGoJiFbBhRCiz0ynRAFFXuRe0FEmVAbi9UMIMSGHM9bfARRv4-gPZ7iqF_klV2UO7VqjT9APmP0exwdb11xVytxkz012t9d5k/s400/cc+jp+15.04.jpg&quot; width=&quot;400&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Foi duas vezes ministro da Saúde e, da segunda vez, deixou o cargo por causa da contestação à reestruturação das urgências. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Numa altura em que a reforma da rede hospitalar de Paulo Macedo é contestada, o eurodeputado socialista avalia a política de saúde do Governo e fala sobre o PS e da Europa. &lt;span style=&quot;color: #674ea7;&quot;&gt;Correia de Campos&lt;/span&gt; falou com o PÚBLICO na sexta-feira, horas depois da sua derradeira aula na Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, em que o tempo de maturação das reformas foi um dos temas abordados. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Na sua última lição, falou sobre a lentidão na aplicação das reformas públicas. Por que escolheu este tema? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Para se fazerem reformas a sério, elas têm que ser bem preparadas, mesmo que sejam muito rebatidas. Muitas vezes, o problema é a aceitação política da ideia. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;E também a coragem política. A reforma da rede hospitalar está outra vez na ordem do dia. No seu tempo, estava sustentada tecnicamente, mas depois houve a reacção que sabemos e que levou à sua saída.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Hoje há muito maior aceitação. Há uma aculturação em relação a essas medidas de racionalização. Isto não significa que os temas não sejam emotivos. E os ligados às maternidades são mais emotivos do que qualquer outro. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Defende que a Maternidade Alfredo da Costa (MAC) não deve ser encerrada.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;A MAC tem de ser integrada num hospital central. Mas, neste momento, sem estar construído o hospital de Todos-os-santos [Oriental de Lisboa], não tem sentido nenhum encerrar a nossa melhor maternidade. Se precisamos de poupar e reconverter, então reconvertamos a Magalhães Coutinho e o São Francisco Xavier, que têm um desempenho muito abaixo do mínimo exigido. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Mas São Francisco Xavier fez grandes investimentos recentes. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Errados. Foram investimentos afectivos, porque foram desencadeados por um mecanismo de afecto. Houve pessoas que tocaram algumas cordas sensíveis de decisores e que construíram uma maternidade sem ser necessário. O mesmo aconteceu com a maternidade Magalhães Coutinho. A MAC deve ser transportada para o hospital de Todos-os-santos. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Mas ainda não se sabe se o hospital vai para a frente? &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Os decisores económicos são racionais. Temos seis ou sete estabelecimentos em Lisboa que podem encerrar com a abertura do Todos-os-santos. A despesa de funcionamento adicionada é de certeza inferior à despesa de funcionamento do novo hospital. E não me venham dizer que não é possível encontrar fundos. Estamos a falar de um hospital de 300 milhões de euros. Se estivéssemos a falar uma central nuclear de 5 ou 6 mil milhões ou de um TGV que pode custar 2 mil milhões, ainda admito que a troika pudesse dizer alguma coisa. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;No debate que houve esta semana no Parlamento, o PS não deu grande importância à MAC. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;É evidente que o Bloco de Esquerda e o PCP acham que o que é público não pode desaparecer, mesmo que seja mau ou ineficiente. Eu não penso assim e acho que o PS não deve pensar assim. O PS é um partido responsável. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;A MAC está a ser um teste à política de Paulo Macedo? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O Governo cometeu um erro de gestão de informação. Tornou aquilo muito emocional. Não foi capaz de gerir bem o envolvimento do presidente da câmara e acabou por culpabilizar o antigo director. Isso nunca se faz. O assunto não é fácil, mas também não é uma marca de água da política do Governo. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;O “pai” do SNS, António Arnaut, já pediu a demissão do ministro.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O pai do SNS costuma pedir a demissão dos ministros todos ao fim de um tempo. Paulo Macedo está a destruir ou a defender o SNS? Eu estava perfeitamente convencido, até há bem pouco tempo, que o dr. Paulo Macedo não estava interessado em destruir o SNS. Acho que ele é, genuinamente, uma pessoa com pendor humanista e sensível aos argumentos da universalidade e da igualdade no acesso. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Disse que estava. Já não está? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Há declarações dele esta semana a dizer que o SNS não é sustentável... &lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O que ele disse foi que, apesar de todas as medidas adoptadas, a sustentabilidade financeira do SNS ainda não está minimamente assegurada. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Essa afirmação é que acho... Pode querer dizer várias coisas: que não tem dinheiro para pagar o SNS este ano ou no próximo, ou que o modelo actual é insustentável. Aquilo que conheço dele não é esta segunda versão. Ele acredita que é possível sustentar o SNS com racionalidade. Fez cortes extremamente corajosos nos medicamentos. Talvez devesse ter falado com a indústria antes. Mas o que é isso comparado com a brutalidade da decisão de suspender as reformas antecipadas de forma unilateral? Um Governo que acredita no mercado não faz isto. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Mesmo para evitar uma corrida às reformas? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Desculpe, isso é uma tanga enorme. Então não era possível fazer um despacho a dizer que até ao dia tal não se aceitam reformas antecipadas e entretanto negociava-se com os sindicatos. Vivemos num sistema tripartido. Vivemos na Europa. Não vivemos numa república sul-americana. É um reflexo de direita, um instinto direitista autoritário: tenho medo desta discussão e por isso vamos fazer a política do facto consumado. E com o argumento de que isto é como a desvalorização da moeda. Pelo amor de Deus! Não são minimamente comparáveis. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Há mais sinais na política do Governo onde veja esse instinto autoritário? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Este é um sinal extremamente visível. Infelizmente, há outros sinais que eu não sou capaz de interpretar. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O ministro Paulo Macedo tem defendido que é possível fazer cortes sem pôr em causa a qualidade da prestação dos cuidados de saúde. É possível ? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;É, sim senhor. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Há gestores que dizem que, com a Lei dos Compromissos, não é possível gerir hospitais. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;A Lei dos Compromissos foi feita para ser violada. Não tem sentido nenhum na saúde fixar essas regras. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;A questão do aumento das dívidas e da derrapagem dos prazos de pagamento é cíclica. Porquê?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Porque tivemos eleições e afrouxou o rigor orçamental. É preciso andar sempre em cima das administrações. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;São as pressões autárquicas e partidárias que explicam os défices com que vivemos&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Explicam uma parte. Lembrome sempre do Centro Hospitalar do Médio Tejo, onde há três hospitais e um deles está a mais. Na minha primeira passagem pelo Governo, em 2002, soube que esse hospital, onde não estava prevista uma urgência traumatológica, tinha resolvido comprar uma ressonância magnética. A partir da ressonância, vinha a urgência polivalente. Fiz uma reunião com as câmaras e com toda aquela gente e perguntei quem tinha mandado comprar isto e com que dinheiro tinham pago? Passei seis horas a explicar-lhes o que eles deviam saber, que comprar equipamentos desnecessários só para aumentar a glória da sua terra é um crime. Consegui evitar, mas, quando eu saí, consumou-se… &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;É a ideia de que alguém há-de pagar… &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Um dia, um administrador de um pequeno hospital do Norte veio ter comigo absolutamente aterrorizado a dizer que estava farto de avisar o director para ter cuidado com as compras e ele respondeu-lhe: “Você está preocupado com isso? Alguém há-de pagar, há-de haver um orçamento rectificativo. Ou então vem a Merkel e paga isso…” Este homem devia ter sido demitido imediatamente. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Não foi? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Não, porque eu só soube disto muito mais tarde. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Ao longo destes anos, nenhum gestor hospitalar foi despedido. Ninguém é penalizado?&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Há muita pressão política sobre os cargos de direcção dos hospitais. Eu próprio, em alguns casos, não consegui resistir à pressão política. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;É com a troika que as pessoas começam a sentir, pela primeira vez, que agora não há mesmo volta a dar?&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Criou um ambiente muito mais favorável para a gestão eficiente, isso é verdade. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;O PS diz que as medidas na saúde vão mais longe do que o definido com a troika.&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;No transporte de doentes, era necessário moralizar a situação. O que está em causa é o financiamento das corporações de bombeiros, através de pagamentos sem controlo das despesas de transporte. E isso tinha que ser moralizado. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;E nas taxas moderadoras?&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;A subida é aparentemente alta, mas foi ao mesmo tempo esbatida pelo aumento do número de isenções. Isto é muito difícil de avaliar, mas eu não sei se os portugueses ficaram pior ou melhor do que estavam. Antes, havia muitas violações da lei: taxas que não eram cobradas e isenções que não se justificavam. E valores que eram muito baixos, alguns deles. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;A redução do preço dos medicamentos e outras medidas levaram a uma redução da despesa no ambulatório na ordem dos 20% em 2011. Nos hospitais, o ministro anunciou agora uma descida de 12% nos remédios hospitalares. Isto não é a prova de que era possível ter ido mais longe no seu tempo?&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Pode-se sempre ir mais longe. Até se pode ir ao ponto da asfixia… O ponto onde se vai é o do equilíbrio político. Eu pratiquei dois cortes no preço dos medicamentos e, em troca, obtive da indústria um conjunto de concessões. A política é arte do possível. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Há estudos que apontam os impactos graves da austeridade para a saúde pública na Grécia. Não teme que o mesmo aconteça em Portugal?&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Nunca chegaremos a esse ponto. Se quisesse argumentar com a evidência epidemiológica, davalhe o exemplo da Inglaterra. Na última guerra, tirando os mortos no confl ito, teve dos melhores índices de saúde de sempre, porque tinha uma população a comer disciplinadamente e fazia exercício físico obrigatório. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Não está a dizer que a austeridade é boa para a saúde?&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Não, não quero dizer isso. Há factores que podem ser gravíssimos, como a doença mental, a depressão ou o suicídio. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Como “pai” do programa das Parcerias Público-Privadas (PPP) na saúde, como viu as conclusões das auditorias do Tribunal de Contas e da Inspecção-Geral de Finanças, que põem em casa os seus principais fundamentos?&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Infelizmente, habituei-me a ter uma opinião muito céptica sobre as auditorias quer do TC quer da IGF. Convivi de perto com uma auditoria da IGF ao Amadora/Sintra. E se a auditoria tivesse sido bem feita, provavelmente o Estado não teria gasto em tribunal aquilo que teve de pagar. A auditoria era um conjunto de análises absolutamente infundamentadas. Quanto às auditorias do TC, não são julgamentos de contas. São opiniões. Não têm nenhum valor jurídico. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;As divisões no PS&lt;/b&gt; &lt;b&gt;Já disse que, enquanto o PS estiver dividido, o PSD vai continuar a ganhar debates. A que atribui as divisões do PS?&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;As questões da divisão são públicas. Corroboro parte delas. O PS devia ter sido mais enérgico não direi na defesa de Sócrates, mas nos valores e dos resultados positivos do Governo socialista. O que é importante defender não é a figura do líder. É defender uma política. E fizemos muita coisa bem feita. Não precisamos de nos envergonhar disso. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Que balanço faz da liderança de António José Seguro?&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;A liderança é muito difícil. Está entalada entre o demonizar Sócrates e alienar uma parte da sua bancada, e o defender Sócrates e travar uma batalha sem fim com outra parte da bancada e sobretudo com os opositores, neste caso o Governo. É um caminho cheio de minas. O Governo tem usado até ao limite do aceitável a propaganda e o descrédito porque sabe que do PS não há resposta. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Seguro é um líder a prazo?&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Antonio José Seguro foi eleito por uma maioria muito sólida. Tem a possibilidade de continuar a liderar o partido até às eleições. Não há nenhum movimento contra ele dentro do PS. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;O novo Tratado Europeu é uma boa resposta à crise?&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Este tratado é claramente enviesado. Tem um número de artigos muito maior dedicado ao controlo e à disciplina e à punição dos países em termos orçamentais e três paragráfos perfeitamente anódinos sobre o crescimento. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O debate sobre o tratado mostrou que há desentendimentos muito fortes entre o PS e o PSD. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O Governo não precisava nada de antecipar este debate. Devia ter adiado para depois das eleições francesas, como outros países fizeram. O Governo, num seguidismo infrene, está a querer ser o menino bem comportado da sala e dizer que é o primeiro a entregar os deveres. Nunca o deveria ter feito. Não fica mais bem visto na fotografia se aprovar agora ou daqui a quatro semanas. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;E o líder do PS está a gerir bem este processo?&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Está a gerir como pode. É evidente que a proposta de adenda isolada na véspera com o “ou assinas ou não assinas” tinha muito poucas hipóteses de ter sucesso. Mas não vi também da parte do Governo nenhuma vontade de a discutir sequer. Vi uma rejeição liminar. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;O Governo está a marginalizar o PS?&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Sim, claramente. E isso é muito perigoso. É uma enorme insensatez. O Governo precisa do PS para legitimar muitas coisas. Se faz muitas mais destas, entrega o PS nos braços da ultra-esquerda. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Não há uma crise dos partidos socialistas europeus se apresentarem como uma alternativa real?&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Existe uma crise do pensamento socialista. Houve aqui um momento de alguma esperança, na primeira fase do Tony Blair, mas que depois se estragou com o Iraque. Com a sua vocação de publicista e ganhar dinheiro a fazer conferências e a fazer livros, deu cabo de tudo. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;A responsabilidade é do Tony Blair?&lt;/b&gt; Não, é de toda a esquerda. &lt;b&gt;Os socialistas estão órfãos de uma referência desde Blair?&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;O socialismo não se faz com referências pessoais. Faz-se com ideias, como o modelo social europeu. Isto não signifi ca que não deva ser modernizado. Mas não ser assassinado. Pelos vistos, o Draghi [presidente do BCE] diz que ele está morto. Não espero que um financeiro diga outra coisa do modelo social europeu. &lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;A Terceira Via destruiu a esquerda?&lt;/b&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Diminuiu muito as condições. Tenho muito pena, pois eu próprio depositei muitas esperanças nela. E por isso uma vitória do François Hollande tem, sobretudo, um valor simbólico. Não sei se vai executar tudo o que tem proposto. Espero que não. Pois algumas coisas deixam a França em muito maus lençóis, como antecipar a idade de reforma para os 60 anos. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #351c75; font-family: &amp;quot;Trebuchet MS&amp;quot;, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;entrevista de João d’Espiney e Miguel Gaspar (texto), Pedro Cunha (fotografia), JP 15.04.12 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/7221084326596538552'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/7221084326596538552'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://apontamentos.blogspot.com/2012/04/correia-de-campos-entrevista.html' title='Correia de Campos, entrevista'/><author><name>victor</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14764343066231484956</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEggEWyg0f7Ylf9pyOW8WRf6x5-WDAAhqhXX6daWGoJiFbBhRCiz0ynRAFFXuRe0FEmVAbi9UMIMSGHM9bfARRv4-gPZ7iqF_klV2UO7VqjT9APmP0exwdb11xVytxkz012t9d5k/s72-c/cc+jp+15.04.jpg" height="72" width="72"/></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-7735125.post-1757251727507848845</id><published>2012-02-26T17:42:00.003+00:00</published><updated>2012-02-26T17:49:44.743+00:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Entrevistas"/><title type='text'>Michael Marmot, entrevista</title><content type='html'>&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:trebuchet ms;&quot;&gt;Considerado um dos maiores especialistas mundiais no estudo das determinantes sociais da saúde e do impacto da pobreza na mortalidade, o epidemiologista britânico &lt;span style=&quot;color:#000099;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Michael Marmot&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;, 67 anos, diretor do &lt;strong&gt;International Institute of Society &amp;amp; Health da University College London&lt;/strong&gt;, defende que a classe social influencia o estado de saúde e pode determinar a esperança de vida. Em entrevista ao Expresso durante uma visita de dois dias a Portugal, para conferências no Instituto Ricardo Jorge e na Universidade do Algarve, o especialista alerta para os riscos das políticas de austeridade e avisa que o empobrecimento pode provocar milhares de mortes prematuras em países como Portugal e Grécia.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#000066;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#996633;&quot;&gt;O que são as determinantes sociais da saúde?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;São as condições da vida quotidiana, as circunstâncias em que as pessoas nascem, crescem, vivem, trabalham e envelhecem. Num estudo que realizámos em Inglaterra identificámos seis domínios principais, que devem ser objeto de ação: o desenvolvimento infantil; a educação e formação ao longo da vida; as condições de emprego; o rendimento; a existência de locais saudáveis e sustentáveis na comunidade; e fatores como o tabagismo, o consumo de álcool, a obesidade ou o exercício físico. Todos estes domínios são afetados por uma distribuição estruturalmente injusta do poder, do dinheiro e dos recursos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#996633;&quot;&gt;De que forma esses fatores sociais influenciam a saúde?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;De várias formas. Por exemplo, as crianças que crescem na pobreza têm menos probabilidade de frequentar a escola com capacidade para aprender, o que significa que têm pior desempenho. Quando deixam a escola sem um diploma têm mais probabilidade de arranjar um emprego com menor qualidade e maior exposição a riscos ou de ficarem no desemprego. Ou seja, o desenvolvimento infantil afeta a educação, que afeta o emprego, o rendimento, a autoestima e o sítio onde a pessoa vive. Tudo isso tem um impacto provável no facto de a pessoa fumar, ser obesa ou na quantidade de álcool que ingere, por exemplo. As determinantes sociais influenciam comportamentos e a exposição a riscos físicos, biológicos, sociais e psicológicos, que, em muitos casos, estão na origem da doença.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#996633;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;O risco de ficar doente e morrer prematuramente está relacionado com a classe social a que se pertence?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Sim. Quanto mais baixa é a posição que se ocupa na hierarquia social, pior é a saúde. E isso é válido para toda a escala social, de baixo a cima. As pessoas de classe média, no geral, têm piores indicadores de saúde do que as de classe alta e melhores do que as de classe baixa. É alarmante.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#996633;&quot;&gt;Isso reflete-se na esperança de vida?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Decisivamente. Há vários exemplos muito claros. Em Washington, se apanharmos o metro desde a zona pobra da Baixa da cidade, onde vivem sobretudo afro-americanos em más condições de vida, e percorrermos cerca de 20km até ao subúrbio rico, a esperança de vida aumenta 18 anos. Em Londres passa-se o mesmo. Em Westminster, onde está situado o Parlamento, rodeado de ótimos apartamentos onde vivem os políticos e a classe alta, a diferença na esperança de vida para a zona mais pobre é de 17 anos. E é assim em todo o lado. Temos nas nossas mãos os meios para mudar esta realidade. Resta saber o que temos nos nossos corações. Há vontade política para o fazer?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#996633;&quot;&gt;É possível estimar a percentagem de doença e mortalidade prematura que é provocada por fatores sociais?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Fizemos um cálculo para Inglaterra. Se todas as pessoas com mais de 30 anos tivessem a taxa de mortalidade em valores tão baixos como a que têm os licenciados, haveria 202 mil mortes a menos por ano. Isso corresponde a 40% de todas as mortes. Quanto mais altas são as habilitações, menor é a mortalidade. As determinantes sociais não são uma nota de pé de página relativamente aos problemas de saúde. Elas são o maior problema de saúde.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#996633;&quot;&gt;A atual crise económica, com o aumento do desemprego e da pobreza, vai diminuir a esperança de vida?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;É muito difícil prever o futuro, porque os indicadores de saúde têm vindo a melhorar em toda a Europa. Mas a saúde das pessoas que ocupam posições mais baixas na hierarquia social melhorou mais lentamente, pelo que as desigualdades cresceram. A minha grande preocupação com esta crise económica é que essas desigualdades aumentem ainda mais. As pessoas que mantêm bons empregos e um bom padrão de vida podem não ser afetadas, mas as que ficam desempregadas, que perdem rendimentos serão. Já assistimos na Grécia a uma subida do suicídio. E o stresse causado pelo desemprego, por exemplo, aumenta a probabilidade de doenças cardiovasculares e de comportamentos perigosos como o consumo de álcool. Os efeitos na saúde vão depender muito da duração da crise e dos mecanismos de proteção social criados para atenuar os seus efeitos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#996633;&quot;&gt;Nesse sentido, que conselho daria ao Governo português?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Num período de crise económica, é ainda mais importante focarmo-nos nas determinantes sociais da saúde. Eu não sou economista, sou médico. Olho para o impacto que as políticas de austeridade que estão a ser impostas à Grécia, à Irlanda ou a Portugal têm nas condições de vida das pessoas. Há o risco de exacerbarmos ainda mais as desigualdades na saúde. É a pior altura para cortar apoios às famílias e às crianças. Se disserem que não podem pagá-los neste momento, saibam que estão a acumular problemas para o futuro.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#cc9933;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#996633;&quot;&gt;A crise pode custar milhares de vidas nos países europeus mais severamente afetados, como Portugal?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sim, pode. Estou muito preocupado. É preciso tomar medidas para que isso não aconteça. Há exemplos históricos, ainda que possam não ser exatamente comparáveis. Quando se deu o colapso da União Soviética houve uma subida da mortalidade e uma descida abrupta da esperança de vida na Rússia. Cinco anos após a queda da União Soviética, havia um acréscimo de três milhões de mortes nesses países. Mas aí não houve apenas uma crise económica. Houve uma rutura dramática na sociedade.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#cc9933;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#996633;&quot;&gt;Acha que corremos esse risco?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Temos de estar alerta. Quando vemos as imagens de Atenas, assustamo-nos. Já não é apenas uma crise económica. É uma crise da própria democracia, de toda a sociedade.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#996633;&quot;&gt;Preocupa-o que todas as atenções estejam centradas apenas na economia e que não se ligue às condições de vida das pessoas e ao impacto na saúde?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Temos de tomar decisões económicas em função do impacto que vão ter na vida das pessoas. Os governos ou os bancos podem argumentar que a dívida é tal que temos de tomar medidas de forte austeridade. Mas temo que muita da ajuda (da troika) seja para ajudar os bancos, e não os povos. Os especialistas em finanças e economia não estão a ter em conta o enorme impacto que estão a provocar na vida das pessoas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:85%;color:#000099;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Joana Pereira Bastos e Alberto Frias&lt;/strong&gt;, semanário expresso 25.02.12 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/1757251727507848845'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/7735125/posts/default/1757251727507848845'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://apontamentos.blogspot.com/2012/02/michael-marmot-entrevista.html' title='Michael Marmot, entrevista'/><author><name>victor</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/14764343066231484956</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author></entry></feed>