Anodizing World

noreply@blogger.com (Anne Deacon Juhl) — Tue, 10 Oct 2023 18:54:00 +0000

Are you still resorting to paint instead of colored #anodizing because you worry about color variations?

In my latest article for Light Metal Age, I prove to you that getting the right colored anodized surface for your #aluminum product is not as impossible as you think!

👉 Don't miss out on this comprehensive guide that aims to make color anodizing less daunting and more accessible for manufacturers.

🔍 Key Takeaways:

- Understand why painted surfaces are less durable and environmentally unfriendly compared to anodized finishes.

- Learn how precise control of parameters like temperature, immersion time, and concentration can lead to consistent color development.

- Discover the impact of alloying elements and sealing processes on the final color of anodized parts.

📚 The article also includes a case study that delves into the root cause of a yellowish hue appearing on aluminum panels used for building façades.

#sustainability #aluminumindustry #manufacturing #OEM

https://aluconsult.com/article-color-anodizing/

If you find this article useful and you would like to know more please contact me blog@aluconsult.com __________________________________________________

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 23 Feb 2023 11:05:00 +0000

Are you thinking about switching to recycled aluminum for your anodized product? Then you should read this...

Every aluminum alloy is different. This means that if you buy recycled aluminum, you will not get the same anodizing results as with the alloy you are currently using – even if your anodizer promises to do everything exactly the same!

So, in what way does the alloy affect the anodizing results? Read my latest blog post to find out!

https://aluconsult.com/how-alloys-affect-the-anodizing-of-recycled-aluminum/

NEW BLOG POST: 4 requirements for sustainable anodized aluminum products

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Tue, 06 Dec 2022 09:01:00 +0000

There is one big reason why I love anodizing: It is the most sustainable surface treatment.

Yip, that’s right. Other surface treatments like powder, paint or plating are more harmful to the #environment than anodizing.

Why?

Because most surface treatments rely on organic solvents or heavy metals which reduces the recyclability of aluminum.

Not so anodizing!

In my latest blog post, I explain, why anodizing does not reduce the recyclability of aluminum AND four requirements you should discuss with your anodizer to make your anodized product as sustainable as possible.

Read the blog post: https://aluconsult.com/sustainable-anodized-aluminum/

P.S. I will also do a live online course about creating sustainable anodized aluminum products in 2023 – you can sign up for the waiting list here.

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Wed, 02 Nov 2022 14:12:00 +0000

Let me talk about a topic close to my heart: sustainability.

The aluminum industry has great potential for becoming more sustainable.

And one of the major decisions that companies can make is choosing more environmentally-friendly aluminum.

In this blog post, I explain what these more sustainable aluminum options look like, so you can make your production more sustainable! Read here: https://aluconsult.com/can-aluminum-be-sustainable/

P.S. I am going to do a live course about sustainable aluminum anodizing in 2023 - you can sign up here to get notified: https://aluconsult.com/waiting-list-live-course-recycled-aluminum/

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Wed, 19 Oct 2022 12:39:00 +0000

Next week: South Africa!

I’m overjoyed that I’ll be speaking about sustainability and anodizing at the International Aluminum Conference and Exhibition organized by @AFSA - Aluminum Federation of South Africa.

The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (sdgs) is a topic that has my increasing interest and passion.

Aluminum has - in comparison to other materials like copper, steel and wood - an almost unreasonable high carbon footprint.

But as I like to say: Not all aluminum is created equal.

There are plenty of things we can do - as anodizers, OEM’s, product managers, designers etc. - to make sure our aluminum parts are both more durable and friendlier to the environment.

If you’re at the conference - please let´s have a chat about sustainable anodized aluminum.

Here you can also see a video where I share what topics I will talk about at the conference: https://www.linkedin.com/posts/annedeaconjuhl_sustainability-anodizing-sdgs-activity-6988109385788964864-HUUd?utm_source=share&utm_medium=member_desktop

NEW BLOG POST: Stainless steel corrosion and how to prevent it.

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Fri, 23 Sep 2022 07:15:00 +0000

Corrosion is one of the worst things that can happen to aluminum. Imagine a bridge, wind turbine, or skyscraper and the steel-aluminum connection starts to corrode... We are talking here about safety issues and potential disasters! 👺 You absolutely want to avoid stainless steel corrosion. In my latest blog post, I explain why stainless steel corrosion happens and how to prevent it.⛔️ https://aluconsult.com/how-to-avoid-anodized-aluminum-stainless-steel-corrosion/ P.S. Stainless steel corrosion is actually a misnomer. Do you know what is the correct term?

New Blog Post: Beginner’s guide to coloring processes for anodized aluminum

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 08 Sep 2022 08:19:00 +0000

Life is full of options - and anodizing coloring is full of options, too!

There are 4 different coloring processes you can choose:

1. Adsorption/Dying
2. Electrolytic
3. Integral
4. Interference

But which is the right one for your anodized aluminum product?

Find out in my latest blog post: https://aluconsult.com/beginners-guide-to-coloring-processes-for-anodized-aluminum/

New Blog Post: 3 common types of aluminum corrosion in buildings

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 11 Aug 2022 17:59:00 +0000

Oh no, our façade shows corrosion spots! 😱

Imagine this: you have just finished the construction of a new building a few months ago but the window frames or the façade are corroding.

If you are an architect or constructor, this scenario is probably your worst nightmare.

Let’s make sure that this nightmare never happens to you!

In my latest blog post, I explain 3 common types of aluminum corrosion in buildings and how to avoid them.

Read the blog post here.

5 Anodizing Defects That Happen in the Handling and Pretreatment Steps

noreply@blogger.com (Anne Deacon Juhl) — Thu, 17 Feb 2022 14:22:00 +0000

As you probably already know a lot of the failures which happens in your anodizing line originates from the handling or pretreatment steps.

As told awhile ago we have moved our blog to AluConsult! Anodizing World will still be available, but new posts will be published on aluconsult.com.

To read the blog post "5 Anodizing Defects That Happen in the Handling and Pretreatment Steps" please click here.

If you haven´t enrolled yet for all the free knowledge about Anodizing @AnodizingSchool then you should.

Its absolutely free - the only thing you have to do is click

here.

Hope to see you at one of this years free webinars about the sustainable anodizing of aluminum.

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8 things you should ask your anodizer about

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 18 Mar 2021 12:35:00 +0000

In my 25 years as a consultant in the anodizing industry, I realized that about 70 % of my consulting clients were not anodizers but the people who had to “deal with” anodizers. Perhaps you have had also frustrating experience ordering anodized parts and not receive what you wanted?

You might think that your anodizer was just not good at their job. Or that anodizers will always try to keep their costs as low as possible and thereby sacrificing the quality of your aluminum product. But that does not do the problem justice. In my experience, the main reason for errors and frustrations is ineffective communication. Yip, just like in any relationship, the relation to your anodizer will improve tremendously by learning how to communicate better.

8 important things to agree on with your anodizer

To make your next phone call with your anodizer much more successful, here is a checklist with all the aspects of the anodizing process you should talk about.

Agree on the properties and quality of the anodizing results.

Choose the right alloy to achieve the properties you want.

Identify the microstructure of your different aluminum parts as this will affect the surface look.

Agree on handling and racking of the aluminum parts as part of the preparation.

Decide together on the right pretreatments for the specific parts of your aluminum product.

Set specifications for the anodizing process as these parameters affect the properties.

Choose the most environmentally friendly sealing

Agree on quality control tests that fit the properties of your anodized product.

This checklist is a good start to improve the communication with your anodizer and to receive the correct anodized parts. If you would like step up your game even more and become more confident in asking the right questions, join my new live online training: “Working with your anodizing supplier.”

The course consists of four workshops, each treating an independent subject. You can also attend single workshop days. This interactive live online event is held on Zoom in 4 x 2,5 hours sessions. We will record the presentation and make them available to you after the workshop. The dates of our next courses are:

WORKSHOP SERIES IN APRIL: 7, 14, 21, and 28 April 2021 (03.00 - 5.30 PM CEST) 

WORKSHOP SERIES IN MAY: 5, 12, 19, and 26 May 2021 (03.00 - 5.30 PM CEST)

Looking forward to seeing you at AnodizingSchool!

Sunny regards,

Anne Deacon Juhl

P.S. If you would like to learn some anodizing basics, have a look at this blog post in which I give an easy to understand introduction.

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How to Define the Hardness of Hard Coat Anodizing

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Mon, 15 Feb 2021 12:27:00 +0000

We are moving our blog! Anodizing World will still be available, but new posts will be published on aluconsult.com from now on.

To read the blog post "How to Define the Hardness of Hard Coat Anodizing" please click here.

Anodizing Aluminum: What it is and Why I love it

noreply@blogger.com (Anne Deacon Juhl) — Tue, 19 Jan 2021 16:59:00 +0000

We are moving our blog! Anodizing World will still be available, but new posts will be published on aluconsult.com from now on.

To read the blog post "Anodizing Aluminum: What it is and Why I love it" please click here.

Join the Free Webinar about Hard Anodizing

noreply@blogger.com (Anne Deacon Juhl) — Mon, 04 Jan 2021 05:00:00 +0000

Dear Anodizing World readers

Happy New Year!

As you know, AnodizingSchool was launched in 2020 as a new learning community for anodizers and end-users of aluminum anodized products.

The aim is to create a one-stop online space, where you can get access to articles and webinars for free, but also buy specialized e-learning courses.

We currently offer the Anodizing Masterclass, and in 2021 we will publish new courses about Hard Anodizing, Pulse Anodizing and Anodizing for End-users.

The first event will be a FREE webinar about Hard Anodizing!

The webinar will be a guide to Hard Anodizing, also called Hard Coat including the following topics:

Intro to Hard Anodizing, also called Hard Coat
The history of Hard Anodizing
How to create a Hard Coat
Properties of a Hard Anodized surface
How to specify a Hard Anodized layer
What defects and other problems arising from a Hard Coated Surface
Some Key takeaways and Q&A

Reserve your spot by sending an email to info@anodizingschool.com

If you find this article useful and you would like to know more please contact me info@anodizingschool.com

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Get 3 amazing benefits!

noreply@blogger.com (Anne Deacon Juhl) — Thu, 10 Dec 2020 12:43:00 +0000

Introduction to Anodizing

has evolved and is changing its name to

Anodizing Masterclass

All 12 modules of the masterclass is now available!

Learn the Better than Best practice of aluminum anodizing and bring your anodizing process to the next level!

Take a look at Anodizing School to read more about our aim to create an new online learning community for anodizers and end-users of aluminum anodized products.

Interested? Get 3 amazing benefits if you sign up now

First, get a FREE 1-2-1 call to take the temperature of your anodizing process and identify the full potential of your line.

FREE 1-2-1

Then get access to FREE lessons from the Anodizing Masterclass!

FREE LESSONS

And lastly, get the Christmas discount 25% of your purchase!

25% OFF

DONT MISS OUT - SIGN UP NOW

Follow the link below to read more about the full course

Anodizing Masterclass

Use the code CHRISTMAS to get a 25 % discount when purchasing the online course Anodizing Masterclass. (Offer expires on 24th of December.)

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Influence of temperature on Voltage response when Anodizing

noreply@blogger.com (Anne Deacon Juhl) — Fri, 10 Jul 2020 12:38:00 +0000

A question from a customer:

We have investigated the influence of the electrolyte temperature in our anodizing tank - Anodizing at a low and a warm temperature, current controlled and in our standard anodizing electrolyte.

The voltage at the higher temperature runs with a lower value than the voltage with the lower temperature and at the same time the voltage stays constant for the duration of the anodizing process.

At the lower temperature the voltage keeps rising until we turn of the power.

Do you have an explanation of why the voltage at the higher temperature stays constant, although the layer thickness is identical with both temperatures (with identical current settings and anodising time)?

Answer:

Higher temperature in the anodizing electrolyte leads to higher conductivity, which means lower voltage for same current and time.

So your V_{high temp} is lower than your V_{low temp}

Then Ohms law gives you V = R x I

V_high
temp = R_{high temp} x I

V_low
temp = R_{low temp} x I

I = same for the two temperatures

The total resistance of the electrical circuit consists of several resistances:

High temp:

R_{high temp} = R_{elec, high temp} + R_{thickness,
high temp} + …..

Low temp:

R_{low temp} = R_{elec, low temp} + R_{thickness,
high temp} + …..

Lower temperature gives lower conductivity, so R_{elec,
low temp} ˃ R_{elec, high temp} which is the reason for a higher V_{low temp}

Higher temperature of the electrolyte will lead to faster chemical attack of the formed aluminum oxide changing the structure of the formed oxide and the resistance R_{thickness, high temp}

This will lead to an equilibrium thickness, where formation rate of oxide = dissolution rate of oxide leading to a constant voltage.

Lower temperature of the electrolyte will lead to a higher V_{0, low temp} than V_{0, high temp}for same current I.

The coating weight of the oxide layer is higher when formed at lower temperature - more compact and by this R_{thickness,
low temp} will be higher than R_{thickness, high temp.}

This is the reason for a continues increase in V_{low temp} during the process time but eventually you should see a steady voltage here too.

If you are curious and want to know more about temperature, voltage and other parameters when anodizing in sulfuric acid you should sign up for the first and only online anodizing course!

Introduction to Anodizing - Click here!

If you find this article useful and you would like to know more please contact me

blog@aluconsult.com

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Spangle on etch aluminum EN AW 6063

noreply@blogger.com (Anne Deacon Juhl) — Thu, 28 May 2020 08:35:00 +0000

The spangle effect on the aluminum EN AW 6063 alloy has been known for many years.

There are still a lot of unanswered questions but more recently explanations have thrown light on some of the issues.

The spangling effect on aluminum can be divided into three categories: grainy, galvanizing and sparkling.

The type where the grains are visible by the naked eye after etching is called grainy. Galvanizing is used when only few of the grains are shiny, and the sparkling is when the whole surface is shiny.

The first picture shows a EN AW 6063 aluminum alloy directly from extrusion - not a very beautiful appearance and with a lot of die lines - looking closer you can maybe see some of the grainy structure already.

The next picture shows the surface after etching and anodizing. Here a very grainy structure is seen leaving to a very unattractive surface - especially if it should fit together with areas which are not having this surface appearance.

If you as a designer want to create something special - this could be a very interesting surface appearance to work with.

Well, back to the subject - why do we see this spangle effect on anodized aluminum.

There are two reason to look for - the first one is the content of zinc (Zn) in the etching tank and the second is the content of Zn in the aluminum alloy.

The grainy appearance is caused by the chemical composition, whereas the two more shiny appearance are due to the content of Zn in the solution and grain orientation.

The orientation of the grains has an influence on how much they are etched in the alkaline solution. Zinc is more noble than aluminum so in the alkaline solution there will be a selective dissolution of aluminum. This will lead to a higher concentration of Zn in the grains with a certain orientation creating small galvanic elements from grain to grain.

If at the same time there is zinc in the alkaline solution, even as little as 5 ppm can cause spangle under the right conditions.

Addition of a small amount of sodium sulphide can be used to precipitate the zinc decreasing the spangling effect of the aluminum alloy.

The EN AW 6063 itself should not contain more than 0.03% zinc.

If you want to know a lot more about anodizing and defects

Please sign up for more information regarding the first and only online anodizing course - Introduction to Anodizing presented by the Anodizing School.

Click here!

If you find this article useful and you would like to know more, please contact me

blog@anodizingworld.com

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How to remove a heavy, mixed oxide film on aluminum

noreply@blogger.com (Anne Deacon Juhl) — Thu, 23 Apr 2020 10:46:00 +0000

Working on the materials for the first and only online course about anodizing - the Introduction to Anodizing and thought I would like to share some information about how the natural formed oxide layer can be difficult to remove in our etching tank.

Pre-enroll here for more information about the online anodizing course

Aluminum reacts immediately in contact with air forming a very thin oxide film - normally not more than 1 - 3 nm in thickness.

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If you want to read more about this you will find an earlier blog post about

The natural formed oxide layer by clicking the link

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When aluminum alloys are heat treated this natural formed oxide layer thickness up to 10 times of the thickness of the air formed. The oxide layers formed at high temperature are more difficult to remove in the etching solution than the air formed ones.

The reason for this is the alloying elements - these alloying elements create an oxide with uneven thickness, as you can see here in the drawing.

The major alloying element incorporated within the film is magnesium. Magnesium is the primary alloying element in the 5000 series - aluminum magnesium alloy and is the major alloying element together with silicon in the 6000 series aluminum magnesium silicon alloys.

The mobility of magnesium atoms at temperatures above 340𝇈C are much higher than for aluminum atoms.

Magnesium atoms will diffuse from the bulk of the alloy through the surface and oxidize up to 5 - 10 times faster than the aluminum atoms.

Leaving 5000 and 6000 series aluminum alloy with a heavier and mixed oxide - containing aluminum oxide - the alumina and magnesium oxide - the magnesia.

Because the magnesium oxide is significantly more resistant to alkaline etching than aluminum oxide a patchy appearance can be found after etching.

The patchy appearance is due to dissolution of the aluminum oxide creating a surface with areas with a film of magnesium oxide and by this localized attack can roughens the surface.

A deoxidizing before etching can be used to remove this film, or some of the new types of acid etch - another topic which is covered in an earlier blog post - Acid etch - the hot topic.

If you find this article useful and you would like to know more please, contact me blog@aluconsult.com

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Open for Early Registrations: The "Introduction to Anodizing" online course

noreply@blogger.com (Anne Deacon Juhl) — Tue, 24 Mar 2020 08:25:00 +0000

Anodizing is a very complex process, undertaken by highly specialized and experienced personnel. Sometimes however, problems occur out of nowhere and technical personnel working with anodizing may not be able to solve the problem. Perhaps they are working from experience only, or they have never learned the actual reasons behind the many processes involved.

Often you stand as an anodizer and really don´t know what happens and why. Sometimes you have solved the problem, but then it comes back months later, or sometimes already after a week. Most of the times you work under pressure to solve the problem because anodizing is always the last step in supply chain.

The five reasons for why it often goes wrong when anodizing aluminum!

1. Lack of understanding the anodizing process steps besides experience
2. Lack of chemical and electrochemical knowledge
3. Lack of understading of the aluminum material
4. Failure in understading the importance of narrowing fluctuations in all process steps
5. Forget to acknowledge the rinse tanks as process tanks

Do you want to be better than "Best Practice"?

Then pre-enroll for early registration today - SIGN UP

This anodizing course "Introduction to Anodizing" will take you through the background and step-by-step processes, and help you deal with some of the challenges that come up quite often. This course is therefore important in allowing you to produce products of consistent quality for your customers.

The Benefits by taken this online "Introduction to Anodizing" course!

1. Repeated and consistent high quality of your anodizing
2. Delivery security to your customers
3. Optimized production - more quality parts through your anodizing line
4. Happier customers and employees

If you can´t wait to get started then pre-enroll for early registrations today - SIGN UP

If you find this article useful and you would like to know more please contact me blog@aluconsult.com

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noreply@blogger.com (Anne Deacon Juhl) — Wed, 31 Jul 2019 07:49:00 +0000

One of my most read blog posts - the one about corrosion between anodized aluminum and steel is now reprinted in September Issue of Products Finishing Magazine - take a sneak peak at the online article here.

If you find this article useful and you would like to know more please contact me blog@aluconsult.com __________________________________________________

noreply@blogger.com (Anne Deacon Juhl) — Fri, 12 Apr 2019 16:43:00 +0000

On my way home from a great Aluminium2000 congress with a lot of good and inspiring presentations - also a lot of talks and discussion about secondary aluminium and how we can use more of the recycled aluminium and how we can obtain a quality anodised layer.

If you find this article useful and you would like to know more please contact me blog@aluconsult.com __________________________________________________

noreply@blogger.com (Anne Deacon Juhl) — Sun, 17 Mar 2019 07:46:00 +0000

Just invited by Apple to have a presentation about Pulse Anodizing at the Aluminum Anodizers Council´s Annual Anodizing Conference & Expo in Houston, Aluminum Anodizers Council- if you can´t wait you then join me at the Aluminium 2000 world congress where I will have a presentation "Up-date on Pulse Anodizing".
aluminum

If you find this article useful and you would like to know more please contact me blog@aluconsult.com

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Recycling as a hot topic at the Aluminium - World Trade Fair and Conference in Dusseldorf

noreply@blogger.com (Anne Deacon Juhl) — Wed, 12 Sep 2018 11:10:00 +0000

9 years ago I wrote the first post about The good and the bad about recycled aluminium. Since then recycled aluminium has become a hot topic and this year´s Aluminium - World Trade Fair in Dusseldorf - Aluminium 2018 has dedicated a lot of energy into this subject.

One of the articles in their news room is about recycled aluminium,

RECYCLING: CHALLENGES FOR ALUMINIUM AS AN INDUSTRIAL MATERIAL

A short informative note about challenges, mentioning that there are no qualitative differences between aluminium alloys made from the primary and those made from recycled aluminium.

Is this always true - not really, especially when looking at the result obtained when anodizing aluminium.

Here you have to be aware of the following:

Heavy metals
Metallurgical structure
Traceability
Repeatability/Consistency
Consistent recycled stock

So it should not be difficult to use more recycled aluminum for anodizing. It only requires a minimum amount of adjustment to arrive at the present alloy composition, which works well for anodizing. So this should not be the reason for not using recycled aluminum when anodizing.

From an environmental viewpoint, anodizing is a very unique process. It does not require the use of organic solvents, which may cause unwanted atmospheric emissions and the amount of sludge can be diminished by using new processes as the acid etch.

Finally anodized extrusions and castings can be readily recycled without the need for special emission control equipment, so no VOC or other hazardous chemicals are emitted to the air.

If you find this article useful and you would like to know more please contact me blog@aluconsult.com

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Introduction to hard anodizing

noreply@blogger.com (Anne Deacon Juhl) — Mon, 27 Aug 2018 11:55:00 +0000

The main purpose of hard anodizing is to form a thick and dense oxide layer with a high wear resistance with thicknesses above 25 µm (1 mil). A dense oxide layer is an oxide layer with narrow pores and very thick cell walls.

The figures show the differences in structure of type II Anodizing compare to type III Anodizing. The anodized layer is seen from the top and down into the porous hexagonal structure.

The structure of the porous aluminium oxide layer is highly ordered as explained in an earlier post with the great slide from a hard coat presentation by Mr. Leonid Lerner from Sanford Process Corp. at International Hard Anodizing Association symposium in Las Vegas.

The slide show the two different directions of external stresses in the anodized oxide layer depending on if we test it or use it in normal applications.

According to MIL-A-8625F shall type III coatings be a result of treating aluminium and aluminium alloy electrolytically in a sulfuric acid based electrolyte to produce a uniform, hard anodic coating, often called Hard Coat in US and Hard Anodized.

This can be done by a low electrolyte temperature and a low concentration of the electrolyte in order to slow down chemical dissolution of the oxide layer. Production of very thick coatings will usually involve very high voltages and/or high current densities, which lead to high local temperatures therefore agitation of the electrolyte is most important.

According to MIL-A-8625F the hard-anodized coatings are characterized by their layer thickness and the coating weight of the formed layer. These types of coatings are named Type III coatings. Usually these coatings are used in the engineering industry for components such as pistons, cylinders and hydraulic gear, where a severe abrasive wear is found.

Apart from the wear resistance of the oxide layer, the hard-anodized oxide layer has other properties. Properties such as low friction and non-stick are very important. These hard coatings are usually unsealed to maintain a high wear resistance, but can be impregnated with different materials such as waxes and silicone.

If sealed in hot water the wear resistance will decrease with 20 - 50 % depending of the sealing process used.

If the corrosion resistance is the most important property for the surface, a sealing will enhance this property. The sealing will normally be in hot water or dichromate, which increases the corrosion resistance remarkably.

If you find this article useful and you would like to know more please contact me
blog@aluconsult.com

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More about Hard Anodizing

noreply@blogger.com (Anne Deacon Juhl) — Mon, 27 Aug 2018 07:29:00 +0000

Due to my presentation at 17th Technical Symposium in Seattle about the History of Hard Coat - Hard Anodizing I am about to refreshing my previous posts with new links and more information.

The Hard Anodizing Symposium will take place in the middle of September, the International Hard Anodizing Associtations webpage for more information regarding the Symposium and the people registered so far.

If you find this article useful and you would like to know more please contact me blog@aluconsult.com

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IHAA 17th Technical Symposium in Seattle

noreply@blogger.com (Anne Deacon Juhl) — Tue, 24 Jul 2018 12:14:00 +0000

Come join the International Hard Anodizing Association 17th Technical Symposium in Seattle and get a lot of new knowledge, network and talks about hard coat / hard anodizing.

Photo from last Symposium in Dusseldorf, 2016.

If you find this article useful and you would like to know more please contact me blog@aluconsult.com

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