An GG Ar An

Jual Ranjang Rumah Sakit: RANJANG PRIKSA PASIEN

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 15:14:00 +0000

Jual Ranjang Rumah Sakit: RANJANG PRIKSA PASIEN: cari ranjang periksa pasien, ranjang periksa pasien, harga ranjang periksa pasien, harga baru ranjang periksa pasien, harga second ranjang p...

kayaknya Penjual ranjang pasien murah nih :)

TERIMA KASIH DISTRIBUTOR RANJANG PASIEN ELEKTRIK

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sat, 08 Oct 2011 09:36:00 +0000

Setelah mencari kemana-mana, akhirnya saya mendapatkan ranjang pasien elektrik yang sangat murah. Harganya bahkan hanya setengah dari harga ranjang pasien elektrik otomatis yang biasa dijual di berbagai toko alat kesehatan.
Terima kasih distributor ranjang pasien dan ranjang pasien :

http://distributor-kursi-roda.blogspot.com

Buat yang mencari ranjang pasien elektrik, mungkin toko ini bisa membantu Anda.

JUAL RANJANG PASIEN/HOSPITAL BED MURAH

RANJANG ELEKTRIK OTOMATIS 3 CRANK MURAH

buruan sebelum stok habis

stock terbatas

LIHAT DETAIL SPESIFIKASI

RANJANG ELEKTRIK 3 ENGKOL

HOSPITAL BED MANUAL 2 ENGKOL

RANJANG PASIEN ABS 3 ENGKOL MANUAL

RANJANG PASIEN 3 Engkol AUTOMATIC

Online Live Traffic Counter and Statistic Services Provider Comparison

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Tue, 07 Apr 2009 19:25:00 +0000

Online Live Traffic Counter and Statistic Services Provider Comparison

You should read this post before you choose the most suitable Online Traffic Counter and Statistic Services Comparison.

As every blogger and web admin know, we need a live traffic counter to see how our blog or site looks.

We need information such as:
1. How many visitor have come to our blog.How many visitor today, this week, this month, this year, etc.
2. From where location/countries they come. If you using blog for blogging and earn money, you really need this information, cause some of ads service has policy in specific country they value.
3. From what referral they come? Is it from search engine, another blog linked with us, or another social website.
4. What they read, this is important for us to know better what topic they love (popular topic) so you can explore more detail article related to the post / keyword in that post to drive more traffic.
5. How long the stay in our blog.
6. How deep they explore our blog, this mean more page impression. You know how essential page impression for publisher to earn more money. Read this post : how google value page impression and detect a valid click.
7. From where they left our blog. If they left us from another link in our blog, you will get more detail information what link they like.
8. Etc.

So, before you choose a counter and statistic service, you should ascertain what kind of information you need to support your blog or web.
After determine what specific information you need, next you consider what service provider more suitable with your purposes.

I have some historical experience when choosing and using counter and statistic service provider. Some of them are insufficient from my expectation, other suite enough, and some are sucks. Have you read my article about GEO Counter widget from widget.net with their third site compteur.cc. if not, you should read that article. As my promise in that article, now I will post another related article, Online Counter and Statistic Services Comparison. And I will score them with my grade :

Grade 0 : It's mean sucks. I'm not recommend using this services.
Grade 1 : It's mean sufficient for minimum information.
Grade 2 : It's mean fit for intended purpose to maintain general information for your web/blog statistics.
Grade 3 : It's mean best services with comprehensive information. I'm recommend to use this services.

Before continue, I should remind you that service providers below just various that I know. So, if you didn’t find your service provider listed here, you should warm me or comment in this post for me and other reader to make rectifications.

so, here Live Counter and Statistic Services :

1. Web-Stat

*data were updated on April 8, 2009*
URL Service Provider	www.web-stat.com
Alexa Rank	Alexa site info for web-stat.com
Widget/Skin	Nice, with flash animations. Example :
Spam/Hidden Ads/Pop up Ads	No spam, No hidden ads, No pop up ads
Free Service	Available
Free service limitation	Free service available for 30 trial days with Account capacity : 100,000 page views per month
Registration for free service	Your email and URL
Information provided for free service	traffic origin : - referrers - keywords - recent referrals - Referrer Tracker Traffic Over Time : - per day \| all days - per month - per day of week - per hour of day Equipment Used : - browsers - operating systems - screen sizes - screen colors Traffic Location : - live map of recent visitors - static map of recent visitors - cumulative world map - geolocation recent visitors - countries \| regions \| cities Navigation : - page views - entrance pages - exit pages - click-paths - conversions Watchdog : - your site's downtime per day - per month - per day of week - per hour of day - detailed log # monitor any kind of site including Flash # monitor file downloads # get an alert if your site is down # live stats reports # detailed reports on individual visitors # geo-target your content # Invisible Counter Option, Configurable Counter, Configurable Summary Stats, Public Stats, Blocking Cookie See demo for detail visitor \| demo for visitor map
Premium Services	It's so cheap, premium service available at $5/month
Registration for premium service	Your email, create password, and your URL only
Information provided for Premium service	Powerfull information. All information for admin need is provide here. It's ones of the best services!
Data/information stored limitation	Base on pageload
Referral Program / Earn Money Program	We can earn money through referral program
Grade (from An GG Ar An)	3 If you have money, I'm strongly recommend you to using this service. Otherwise, you may try for 30 days on free. You may enjoy the full comprehensive information. It gives the most comprehensive analysis of any other tracker I have seen. Keep up the good work. The accuracy is unbeatable. It's simple and quick to use and the information is exactly what we need to see where our traffic comes from. Web-Stats is the BEST hands-down.

2. Histats

*data were updated on April 8, 2009*
URL Service Provider	www.histats.com
Alexa Rank	Alexa site info for histats.com
Widget/Skin	Nice, with flash animations. You may choose 1 line stat skin, 2 line stat skin, 3 line stat skin, or 4 line stat skin. Example :
Spam/Hidden Ads/Pop up Ads	No spam, No hidden ads, No pop up ads
Free Service	Available
Free service limitation	Only last 20.000 visitor data will stored.
Registration for free service	Your email and URL
Information provided for free service	Traffic (Summary, Daily stats, Montly stats, Last 60 days) , Referer (From website, From search engine, Search engine trend) Visitors (browsers / os / lang, Geolocation), Last 20.000, Spesial Tag (ROI pages, Tracking pages, Click count, Path tracking, Manage special pages / click), Multi Site Control (you may add more than one site/blog). Check here for more information.
Premium Services	There is no premium account services, ALL COMPLATELY FREE
Data/information stored limitation	Base on pageload/visitor, only 20.000 visitor data will stored
Referral Program / Earn Money Program	There is no referral program
Grade (from An GG Ar An)	3 You may enjoy free service with full comprehensive information as if premium user in other services:) I'M USING THIS SERVICE with love..

3. Start Counter

*data were updated on April 8, 2009*
URL Service Provider	www.statcounter.com A free yet reliable invisible web tracker, highly configurable hit counter and real-time detailed web stats. Insert a simple piece of our code on your web page or blog and you will be able to analyse and monitor all the visitors to your website in real-time! * Free, Fast, Responsive, Quick loading and Reliable Service. (Why is it free?) * Invisible Tracking - no ads on your website. * Accurate real-time website statistics with detailed visitor tracking and analysis.
Alexa Rank	Alexa site info for statcounter.com
Widget/Skin	Nice, with flash animations. Example : see demo
Spam/Hidden Ads/Pop up Ads	No spam, No hidden ads, No pop up ads
Free Service	Available
Free service limitation	Free service is aimed at websites with 250,000 pageloads per month or less and offers lifetime summary stats and a detailed analysis of your last 500 pageloads
Registration for free service	Your email and URL
Information provided for free service	Invisible Counter Option, Configurable Counter, Configurable Summary Stats, Magnify User, Drill Down, Popular Pages, Entry Pages, Exit Pages, Came From, Keyword Analysis, Recent Keyword Activity, Search Engine Wars, Visitor Paths, Visit Length, Returning Visits, Recent Pageload Activity, Recent Visitor Activity, Country/State/City Stats, Recent Visitor Google Map, ISP Stats, Browser Stats, O.S. Stats, Resolution Stats, JavaScript Stats, Email Reports, Multiple Site Management, User Access Management, Public Stats, Blocking Cookie For more informations, check out here : http://www.statcounter.com/services.html
Premium Services	Available started from $9/month to $29/month
Information provided for Premium service	Almost like free service, but data stored for 1,500,000 to 15,000,000 pageloads per month
Data/information stored limitation	Base on pageload
Referral Program / Earn Money Program	There is no referral program
Grade (from An GG Ar An)	3 You may enjoy free service with full comprehensive information as if premium user in other services:)

4. SiteMeter

*data were updated on April 8, 2009*
URL Service Provider	www.sitemeter.com
Alexa Rank	Alexa site info for sitemeter.com
Widget/Skin	Minimalis, with no flash animations. Example :
Spam/Hidden Ads/Pop up Ads	No spam, No hidden ads, No pop up ads
Free Service	Available
Free service limitation	Only store 100 detail visitor data. Site Meter logo or counter must be displayed on all the web pages you are tracking.
Registration for free service	Your email and URL. For free accounts, all that is required is the standard GoStats web counter/tracker link back.
Information provided for free service	- General (Summary, Who's On?, Traffic Prediction) - Recent visitors (By Details, By Referrals, By World Map, By Location, By Out Clicks, By Entry Pages, By Exit Pages) - Visits (Current Day , Previous 7 Days, Previous 30 Days, Previous 12 Months) - Visits and page views (Current Day, Previous 7 Days, Previous 30 Days, Previous 12 Months) - Page ranking (Entry Pages, Exit Pages)
Premium Services	Available, started from $6.95/month or $59/year (about $4.95/month) for 25,000 page views Package up to $199.95/month or $1799/year (about $4.95/month) for 15,000,000 page views Package
Information provided for Premium service	There is a lot of different between free service and premium service. For more information, you may visit : Upgrade Information For premium user; the counter does not have to be visible on your web pages. An 'invisible' counter style is available. The details of the last 4,000 visitors are tracked. Your statistics pages will load faster without ads. The report lists the last 4,000 visitors to your site showing the search words they used to find your site and the site they came from.
Data/information stored limitation	Base on pageload
Referral Program / Earn Money Program	There is no referral program
Grade (from An GG Ar An)	2

5. GoStats

*data were updated on April 8, 2009*
URL Service Provider	gostats.com GoStats has been providing a reliable web stats traffic counter service since 1999.
Alexa Rank	Alexa site info for gostats.com
Widget/Skin	Ordinary skin, some skin has flash animations. Example :
Spam/Hidden Ads/Pop up Ads	No spam, There are hidden ads and pop up ads for free user
Free Service	Available
Free service limitation	There is no limitation, but advertisement will appear from sponsors of provider.
Registration for free service	Your email and URL. For free accounts, all that is required is the standard GoStats web counter/tracker link back.
Information provided for free service	# Only visible Counter option for free account # Summary (Page views, IP hosts, Unique visitors, Unique sessions, Return visitors, Bounce, Bounce Rate, Page views per visitor, Sessions per visitor, Visitors per IP host) # Average time on site # Real people over the last 30 days # Top sites # Last guests For more informations, check demo here
Premium Services	Available started from $8/month for Monthly Package, $45/six months for Semi-annually Package, and $90/year for Annually Package
Information provided for Premium service	Almost like free service, but (credit where credit is due) The Pro version will allow you to hide your webcounter. There will otherwise be no ads whatsoever on your website. For Monthly Package : With the GoStats professional version you get counter (link-back not required) or an invisible counter. Behind the scenes you also get reporting the Gostats powerful professional site statistics analyser. Monthly email report summaries are also included. For Semi-annually Package : Provides all of the 'Monthly' package plus: Free listing in our premium members register. (only for packages of six months or longer). For Annually Package : Provides all of the 'Monthly' package plus: Pay for a year and get a one month free.
Data/information stored limitation	Base on pageload
Referral Program / Earn Money Program	There is no referral program
Grade (from An GG Ar An)	2

6. My Page Rank

*data were updated on April 8, 2009*
URL Service Provider	www.mypagerank.net
Alexa Rank	Alexa site info for mypagerank.net
Widget/Skin	standard with no flash animations. Example :
Spam/Hidden Ads/Pop up Ads	No spam, No hidden ads, No pop up ads
Free Service	Available
Free service limitation	Lifetime services with no trial day
Registration for free service	Your URL only
Information provided for free service	SEO monitor (Yahoo index and backlink, MSN index and backlink, Total visitor, Total page view, Total today visit, online visitor, yesterday visit), Google page rank, Google robot last visit, Yahoo robot last visit, Your site link (internal and external), etc.
Premium Services	Available, but still free
Registration for premium service	Your email, create password, and your URL only
Information provided for Premium service	Free service information plus ping service for site index through search engine. All free !
Data/information stored limitation	Continues, but you may not know where visitor had come and etc
Referral Program / Earn Money Program	there is no referral program
Grade (from An GG Ar An)	1 But this one is the most useful provider and all for free dude!

:: Popular search engine keywords for this post ::

How Google Adsense Detect Clicks by Codes

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 19 Mar 2009 06:42:00 +0000

How Google Adsense Detect Clicks by Codes

After several months being a Google's Publisher from Google AdSense, now I want to write something about Google AdSense. Do you realized recently Google AdSense has new trick to identify valid click and store these clicks information with some code? So, every click has different ID and it store in google database. Base on these database, Google AdSense Team will examine every single data to make sure where's counted as valid click or fraud.

Recently, end of February I guess (I'm not really sure since when), Google detect click ID with some code that we can see... these the sample :

http://www.***.com/?gclid=CPDow4aOrJkCFZUwpAodCXT6Ig

http://www.***.com/contact.asp?fromA=adwords&gclid=CLrW9IGOrJkCFZgtpAodICJPJQ

http://********.com/******/*****/******?gclid=CLq_07CPrJkCFRQbewodeDL0Iw

http://www.*****.com/?campaign=medical+health+insurance&gclid=CM69qvCUrJkCFQ4ZewodcXIBIw

http://********.com/products.aspx?cat=599&maxprice=9999&gclid=COHl0eqZrJkCFYMwpAodZBAdIw

Look, we can see that Google Adsense add some code to detect these click with same pattern : &gclid=" some code "
It always same code..begin with " &gclid= "

With my experiment, google will count click if visitor explore more deep about click, and these will indicated by &gclid= code disappear.

So, if I a visitor and click a Google Adsense ads, as normally I'll go to the Advertiser Site. At the first, google code will detect click ID with &gclid= code. After I click link in from that first page (home), ex : click contact or..click some product, then &gclid= will disappear. These click will counted by google.
But, If I don't click a link (to show how interest I'm), then that click will not counted!

Even your visitor click has been counted in your Earn Report, it still not a guarantee Google AdSense will pay you. They will examine again before the payment date. They need to sure that your visitor click is a valid click..(ex :come from a Search Engine, browse your page, then click google adsense ads). If they detect that click was a fraud, then they will not pay you.. The money will return back to the advertiser. Google doing these analysis steps by accessing their database base on "&gclid=" code.

This is an example uncounted click :

http://www.googleadservices.com/pagead/aclk?sa=L&ai=B2X2yG77ASaKzH4zOvAOw8OToDeeZtYoBk7is_gH
AjbcBwKkHEAIYBiCTpK8SKAQ4AFD_kYvv_f____8BYOmy4Y
PcDaABwoHC_wOyAR1tYXJ2ZWxvdXNnYWRnZXRzLmJsb2dzc
G90LmNvbboBCjMzNngyODBfYXPIAQHaASVodHRwOi8vbWFy
dmVsb3VzZ2FkZ2V0cy5ibG9nc3BvdC5jb20v4AEDgAIBqAM
BsAP7_9gQyAMH6AOGA-gD4wHoA-QB9QMIAAAEmAQA&num=6
&client=ca-pub-4222348380565249&nm=13&nh=1&jca=6334&val=ChAyMDAwMDAwNjdiNDFmNTUxEMjxgs4E
GghnozL5VHruuyABKAE&sig=AGiWqtzDOQoe14UVt5WB0ONftC3
IsmjKgg&adurl=http://www.cjc.dk/ccj-filter-division/products/filter-separators/ptu2-2727-diesel/

see? I think google will detect this click are fraud because it came from a publisher click..
The indication code are : &client=ca-pub-***************

So, if your visitor just click your google ads and not explore more deep to the advertiser site, google will not counted that click!
This is equitable for the advertiser, so their money spent to google adword will not futile.

As commented that you may find below this post, klivengood told me new information :

...I was kicked out from google ads but i never clicked my own ads...they said that my visitors who clicked my ads were the same place and it said, i also clicked ads who asked me to click their ads...

So keep in our mind :

Be aware of all words offering (you may find examples : ) your visitor to click your Google Adsense.

Well, that's my experience..maybe you could "ameliorate" or verify... don't forget to put your comment below.
Thank you..

Jakarta Real Time Traffic Monitor base on CCTV

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 19 Mar 2009 02:51:00 +0000

Jakarta Real Time Traffic Monitor base on CCTV

Do you know Jakarta has Real Time Traffic Monitor?
Since Jakarta citizens need more real time traffic information, some media trying to provide more up to date traffic information. Not only television like Metro TV news and TV one or other news channel, but also radio have special channel to report traffic information such as Elshinta Radio at early work day in the morning and in the afternoon. People need to know where the best roads to choose in order to avoid traffic jam or to find the ways for bypass. As you know, now day Jakarta has traffic jam for almost roads due to significant vehicle growth during last decade.

Especially for now day, Indonesia will have 2009 People Election for House of Representatives in April 9, 2009 and Presidential And Vice Presidential Elections in July (first round) and September (final round). You don't want to stuck in campaign traffic jams, don't you?

Realized their real time traffic information are very critical for Jakarta citizens, then local governance of Jakarta decide to provide a real time traffic monitor through CCTV at most of intersections, business areas, and trade centers.

People can access this information through internet connections (by internet supported phone, mobile internet connection supported laptop, and PC in their office or other spot that has internet connection/hotspot).

Unfortunately, some citizens still didn't know to access this information through internet. So, in this blog I'll provide information needed to access them. You may access real time traffic monitor through CCTV below of this post.

Before you go to that access, I will explain how to use them :
First, you should have a flash player (such as adobe flash player 9) support in your browser. If you are using Microsoft Windows Vista or Microsoft Windows XP service pack 2, than your browser are ready to use to streamming real time traffic. But, if you using Windows Mobile 5 or 6 or other PC Operating System, then you need to download the flash player support first. You may search here :

After you have flash player support, ther you can streamming real time traffic monitor. This is the steps :
1. After go to the website, you will find like this :

Larger Image

2. First you should choose the district, the options are : Jakarta Timur (east Jakarta), Jakarta Pusat (central Jakarta), Jakarta Selatan (South Jakarta), Jakarta Barat (west Jakarta), and Jakarta Utara (North Jakarta).

Larger Image

3. After choosing the district, now you can choose what CCTV point you want to view. Remember, not maybe not all CCTV is on when you want to view. CCTV status indicated at the end of every CCTV point, identificated by (ON) or (OFF).

Larger Image

4. After choose the CCTV point, there's two method how you want to view the CCTV. They are STILL (for manual refresh) and AUTO REFRESH. If you choose auto refresh, the CCTV will auto refresh every 30 seconds.

Larger Image

Oke, that's all...happy streaming :)
Just Click the picture below to start :

Goodbye Geo Counter

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Tue, 17 Mar 2009 23:12:00 +0000

I'm no longer using Geo Counter (geocompteur) widget

From today, I'm no longer using Geo Counter (geocompteur) widget from www.widgeo.net with their third site map on www.compteur.cc. I love the widget view, but main reason I terminated using their service is they put advertises running by hidden script. It's annoying much...specially for my advertise on my own blog.

So, I CAN'T HARDLY WAIT TO DUMP www.widgeo.net from my blog.

At the first time, I'm so impressed by their widget skin..so attractive. And I realized they have policies that they will puts some ads in my blog. But, never know how often their pop up ads every time I and my friends or visitor load my blog. Until I count that their ads pop up in 2-3 ads windows for every single blog loading. Sometime their ads also appear inline of any word and crash my inline ads from adbrite or kontera which truly give me cash . I'm sure some of you still remember how disappointed when come to my blog in the past. I'm so sorry for that.

As you can read from www.widgeo.net, they have policies :

Policies

Our widgets are offered free of charge.
HTML code may not be modified by users.
We offer no guarantees of uptime or reliability.
In order to use our free services, you must include ALL of the html given when you sign up including the sponsored link. You may not alter the code. (exceptions may be made for minor formatting that does not hide the links)
If you have any adult content, you must use the right HTML code.
Some of the Products and Services are supported by advertising (Clicksor,CPX interactive(Yahoo),Linkshare,Gunggo...), enabling WIDGEO to provide them to you at no cost. When you use these free services, you agree to allow WIDGEO to display advertising, including third party advertising, through the Products and Services. WIDGEO reserves the right to modify the Products and Services from time to time, for any reason, and without notice, including the right to terminate the Products and Services or to change the nature, style, or form of advertisements displayed through the Products and Services.
With the use of Widgeo products and services on the site it is accepted that WIDGEO has the right to place advertisements on the site in any format or through any channel, including but not limited to e-mail, layer ads, pops, banners and other usual formats without any forewarning and it is furthermore accepted that WIDGEO takes no responsibility for the advertising content and that WIDGEO shall not be liable for any losses incurred regarding this advertising.
Widgeo.net reserves the right to terminate this service at any time and offers no guarantees of uptime or accuracy.

And, not like other similar service, I can't see my traffic detail when I click that widget. So, it less useful for me. They only show traffic report on the widget in my blog. This traffic only for a single day and total visitor information. So, I can't get my yesterday traffic information by this service. This is the widget look in my blog a minutes before I dump it (March 18, 2009 GMT+7) :

Anyway still I want to thank you for your services until this day. Goodbye www.widgeo.net !! Now, as you see I had replace it with other counter service which I'll discuss in my next post : Online Traffic Counter and Statistic Service Provider

Travelling to Pulau Untung Jawa at Pulau Seribu (The Thousand Island)

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Fri, 06 Mar 2009 20:55:00 +0000

Travelling to Pulau Untung Jawa at Pulau Seribu (The Thousand Island)

Have you visit an island where located at bunch of island? Well, if yes, you should check this out to compare. This is the ones of most place to visit before die. Enjoy your journey and holiday with minimum budget.

Indonesia have lot of most popular tourism destination like Bali Island, Toba Lake, Bandung, Bunaken, Pulau Seribu (The Thousand Island), and a lot more. Pulau Seribu are located at sea between Borneo (north side) and DKI Jakarta (south side). Pulau Seribu is perfect places to visit. Not only for recreation and sea sport (fishing, Beaches recreation, Scuba Diving, Sailing), but also for "survival". There are some island with no "inmate", just you..island and sea.

Located about 45 km north of Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, Pulau Seribu (also called Kepulauan Seribu) has a value conservation and unique ecosystem. With total about 1.180,80 hectares or 11.80 km square, 15.600 populations, Pulau Seribu Jakarta consist of 105 islands scattered at 4 districts. The main activities of resident of Kepulauan Seribu are fisherman. Some island at Pulau Seribu have become tourism destination such as Genteng Besar, Pulau Lipan, Pulau Macan,Pulau Melintang Besar, Pulau Perak, Pulau Putri Besar [Putri Island], Pulau Sebaru Besar. Some are still need development for tourism.

Travel to Pulau Seribu is easy to reach from Jakarta, especially from Ancol Dreamland. And the nearest island, Pulau Bidadari [Bidadari island] and Pulau Ayer[Ayer island] by speed boat it takes around 20minutes. Every day, from Marina Pier, or to Far Island (pulau Pantara [Pantara island], Pulau Kulkul Kotok [Kulkul Kotok island], Pulau Putri [Putri island], Pulau Sepa[Sepa island]) by speed boat it takes around 2 hours, due to for the efficiency of fuel of boat transportation.

Today every boat departure to Pulau Seribu have the minimum passanggers, please check to your travel agency about boat schedule to Pulau Seribu and cottage availablelity before you will travelling to pulau seribu jakarta.

In this moment, I'll introduce you a little beautification of Pulau Seribu.

Pulau Untung Jawa

Pulau Untung Jawa is one of bunch Pulau Seribu. You may reach the island from Marina Pier or from Tanjung Jawa (near Soekarno Hatta Airport). I suggest you to reach from tanjung jawa, because it's only take about 30 minutes to the island with a sailboat. From Marina Pier, you could spend 3-4 hours (even with a boat) depending to weather. To use sailboad, you need to pay about IDR 5,000 - 15,000 (about US$ 1). In this island, you may stay on homestay. I want you to keep in mind, this is not a hotel standard. It cost IDR 100,000 (US$8.33)/night for ingenuous - IDR 450.000 (US$37.5)/night with air conditioning facilities. Or, you could try a camping for free ones.

In this island, I and my familly stay for a couple days. This is small island with +/- 100 people. We could enjoy sea and beach panorama here by swimming, diving, circling, night fishing, or rent a sailboat.

If you rent a bicycle, then you could island-circling for 30 minutes only. Rent a bicycle cost IDR 5.000 (US$ 0,4) for one hour.

You could rent a sailboat from local citizen for travelling to near islands such as Pulau Rambut, Pulau Cipir/Khayangan, Pulau Bidadari, Pulau Onrus, and Pulau Kelor.

Pulau rambut
The bird homeland. This is ones of bird conservation island. Located near Pulau Untung Jawa, in this island we could see how bird perched on a branch from a 30 meter high tower station.

Pulau Cipir (also called as Pulau Khayangan)
In this island, we could see beautifull long beach. There no homestay and electrical, usually brave journer would stay here by camping and fishing for a view day. Very awesome and challengging!

Pulau Onrus
An island with lot of fortress. In this island we could see graves of the first founder, dutch soldier, and first family of the soldier. Indonesia used this island for hajj quarantine until 1970's. Hajj quarantine here before and after they went to Makkah from Jakarta. There was a hajj hospital here.

Pulau Bidadari
This is a well developed tourism place. There is a three star hotel with natural beach side. On this island, we could see a fortress that build by Dutch on +/- 1500 A.D.

Pulau Kelor
There is only one fortress here, nothing resident nor anchorage. I couldn't go there because of beachcomber. But, it is awesome to see this island from sailboat.

Well, for 3 day, you might be sent about IDR 4,000,000 (US$333.3)- IDR 6,000,000 (US$500) for 5 people. But, that's depend on your activities:)

Ok, that's my journey... so, what your journey will be? We wait your laugh here on Indonesia.

Indonesia 2009 State Budget of Revenues and Expenditures base on Act 41 of 2008 and Perpres 72 of 2008

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Fri, 20 Feb 2009 04:34:00 +0000

Indonesia 2009 State Budget of Revenues and Expenditures base on Act 41 of 2008 and Perpres 72 of 2008

Indonesian Government and The Indonesian House Of Representatives have agreed to sign 2009 budget draft. Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono signed Act no. 41 - 2008 about 2009 Indonesia’s 2009 State Budget of Revenues and Expenditures (undang-undang No. 41 Tahun 2008 tentang Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara Tahun Anggaran 2009) on November 10, 2008.

Total Indonesia revenues are estimated to IDR 985.725.328.522.000,00 (about $85,715,245,958.43) consist of tax revenue (IDR 725.842.970.000.000,00), non tax revenue (IDR 258.943.558.522.000,00), and grant (IDR 938.800.000.000,00). In other side, Indonesia need budget for expenses around IDR 1.037.067.338.122.000,00 (about $90,179,768,532.35). This mean Indonesian Government have deficit on budget remains at IDR 51.342.009.600.000,00 (about $4,464,522,573.91).

Wow !! Do Indonesia really need that budget? Let’s see the priority by agency, program and location. Indonesian Government signed President’s Polish no. 72 – 2008 about 2009 Indonesian’s 2009 Detailed State Budget of Revenues and Expenditures (Perpres No.72 Tahun 2008 tentang Rincian Anggaran Belanja Pemerintah Pusat Tahun Anggaran 2009) to implement The Act no.41 – 2008. The President’ Polish no.72 – 2008 signed by Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono on November 29, 2008.

Reading The President’ Polish no.72 – 2008, we can find that Indonesian Government put priority on education sector (19.27%), infrastructure sector (10.86%), and military (10.45%). If you need too download full page about The Act no.41 of 2008 and President's Polish No. 72 of 2008, you may download pdf version here :

Here the budget allocation by ministry or institute, sort by percent :

62,098,268,498,000 --> 19.27% DEPARTEMEN PENDIDIKAN NASIONAL / Department of National Education
34,987,435,382,000 --> 10.85% DEPARTEMEN PEKERJAAN UMUM / Department of Public Work
33,667,629,267,000 --> 10.45% DEPARTEMEN PERTAHANAN / Department of Defense
26,656,600,559,000 --> 8.27% DEPARTEMEN AGAMA / Department of Religious Affairs
24,816,713,972,000 --> 7.70% KEPOLISIAN NEGARA / THE POLICE FORCE OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA
20,273,526,562,000 --> 6.29% DEPARTEMEN KESEHATAN / Department of Health
16,977,783,257,000 --> 5.27% DEPARTEMEN PERHUBUNGAN / Department of Transportation
15,369,624,126,000 --> 4.77% DEPARTEMEN KEUANGAN / Department of Finance
8,702,202,952,000 --> 2.70% DEPARTEMEN DALAM NEGERI / Department of Home Affairs
8,170,774,535,000 --> 2.54% DEPARTEMEN PERTANIAN / Department of Agriculture
6,745,135,328,000 --> 2.09% DEPARTEMEN ENERGI DAN SUMBER DAYA MINERAL / Department of Energy and Mineral esources

5,473,085,231,000 --> 1.70% MAKAMAH AGUNG / Supreme Court
5,221,033,652,000 --> 1.62% DEPARTEMEN LUAR NEGERI / Department of Foreign Affairs
4,391,401,465,000 --> 1.36% DEPARTEMEN HUKUM DAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA / Department of Justice and Human Rights
3,447,593,645,000 --> 1.07% DEPARTEMEN KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN / Department of Maritime and Fisheries Affairs
3,427,220,777,000 --> 1.06% DEPARTEMEN SOSIAL / Department of Social Services
2,858,376,088,000 --> 0.89% BADAN PERTANAHAN NASIONAL / National Land Agency
2,828,110,011,000 --> 0.88% DEPARTEMEN TENAGA KERJA DAN TRANSMIGRASI / Department of Manpower and Transmigration
2,616,925,735,000 --> 0.81% DEPARTEMEN KEHUTANAN / Department of Forestry
2,061,003,107,000 --> 0.64% DEPARTEMEN KOMUNIKASI DAN INFORMATIKA / Department of Communication and Informatics
1,948,375,371,000 --> 0.60% DEWAN PERWAKILAN RAKYAT / The Indonesian House Of Representatives
1,911,212,782,000 --> 0.59% KEJAKSAAN AGUNG / ATTORNEY GENERAL
1,762,979,952,000 --> 0.55% DEPARTEMEN PERINDUSTRIAN / Department of Industry
1,725,483,457,000 --> 0.54% BADAN PEMERIKSA KEUANGAN / The Audit Board Of Republic Indonesia
1,706,344,796,000 --> 0.53% BADAN PUSAT STATISTIK / Central Board of Statistic
1,532,907,576,000 --> 0.48% SEKRETARIAT NEGARA / States Secretary
1,302,365,411,000 --> 0.40% DEPARTEMEN PERDAGANGAN / Department of Trade
1,196,004,981,000 --> 0.37% BADAN KOORDINASI KELUARGA BERENCANA NASIONAL / National Family Planning Coordination Board
1,147,729,481,000 --> 0.36% BADAN PENANGANAN LUMPUR SIDOARJO /
1,118,178,526,000 --> 0.35% DEPARTEMEN KEBUDAYAAN DAN PARIWISATA / Department of Culture and Tourism
1,091,835,781,000 --> 0.34% KEMENTERIAN NEGARA PEMBANGUNAN DAERAH TERTINGGAL / State Minister for Acceleration Development Backward Regions
982,851,724,000 --> 0.30% BADAN INTELIJEN NEGARA / The State Intelligence Board
964,158,622,000 --> 0.30% KEMENTERIAN NEGARA PERUMAHAN RAKYAT / State Minister for Public Housing
956,628,259,000 --> 0.30% KOMISI PEMILIHAN UMUM /
858,109,031,000 --> 0.27% KEMENTERIAN NEGARA PEMUDA DAN OLAH RAGA / State Minister for Youth and Sports Affairs
801,119,003,000 --> 0.25% BADAN METEOROLOGI DAN GEOFISIKA / Meteorology and Geophysics Board
749,764,642,000 --> 0.23% KEMENTERIAN NEGARA KOPERASI DAN UKM / State Minister for Cooperatives Small and Medium Enterprises
661,391,699,000 --> 0.21% BADAN PENGAWAS OBAT DAN MAKANAN / National Agency of Drug and Food Control
610,249,823,000 --> 0.19% BADAN PENGAWASAN KEUANGAN DAN PEMBANGUNAN / Audit and Development Supervising Agency
523,037,109,000 --> 0.16% BADAN PENGKAJIAN DAN PENERAPAN TEKNOLOGI / Agency for the Assesment and Application Technology
497,916,689,000 --> 0.15% LEMBAGA SANDI NEGARA /
478,624,529,000 --> 0.15% LEMBAGA ILMU PENGETAHUAN INDONESIA / Indonesian Institute of Sciences
462,235,701,000 --> 0.14% DEWAN PERWAKILAN DAERAH /
424,454,454,000 --> 0.13% KEMENTERIAN NEGARA RISET DAN TEKNOLOGI / State Minister for Research and Technology
393,057,379,000 --> 0.12% KEMENTERIAN NEGARA PPN/KEPALA BAPPENAS / State Minister for Chairperson of the National Development Planning Agency
382,025,171,000 --> 0.12% BADAN TENAGA NUKLIR NASIONAL / National Nuclear Energy Board
376,815,066,000 --> 0.12% BADAN KOORDINASI PENANAMAN MODAL / Investment Coordinating Board
376,406,744,000 --> 0.12% KEMENTERIAN NEGARA LINGKUNGAN HIDUP / State Minister for the Environment
366,585,393,000 --> 0.11% PERPUSTAKAAN NASIONAL REPUBLIK INDONESIA / National Library of Republic Indonesia
360,067,946,000 --> 0.11% BADAN KEPEGAWAIAN NEGARA / State Employees Board
359,523,097,000 --> 0.11% BADAN KOORDINASI SURVEY DAN PEMETAAN NASIONAL / National Coordination Agency For Surveys and Mapping
337,698,323,000 --> 0.10% MAJELIS PERMUSYAWARATAN RAKYAT / People's Representative Council
324,780,961,000 --> 0.10% BADAN NARKOTIKA NASIONAL /
315,235,856,000 --> 0.10% KOMISI PEMBERANTASAN KORUPSI /
262,515,170,000 --> 0.08% BADAN NASIONAL PENEMPATAN DAN PERLINDUNGAN TKI (BNP2TKI) /
207,444,607,000 --> 0.06% KEMENTERIAN KOORDINATOR BIDANG POLITIK, HUKUM, DAN KEAMANAN / Coordinating Minister for Political, Legal, and Security Affairs
206,224,864,000 --> 0.06% LEMBAGA PENERBANGAN DAN ANTARIKSA NASIONAL / National Institution of Space and Aeronautics
193,866,196,000 --> 0.06% LEMBAGA ADMINISTRASI NEGARA / National Institute of Administration
193,173,425,000 --> 0.06% MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI /
176,378,744,000 --> 0.05% KEMENTERIAN NEGARA BADAN USAHA MILIK NEGARA / State Minister for State Owned Enterprises
147,486,946,000 --> 0.05% BADAN KOORDINASI NASIONAL PENANGGULANGAN BENCANA DAN PENGUNGSI /
129,068,864,000 --> 0.04% KEMENTERIAN KOORDINATOR BIDANG PEREKONOMIAN / Coordinating Minister for the Economy
128,169,334,000 --> 0.04% LEMBAGA KETAHANAN NASIONAL /
121,753,247,000 --> 0.04% KEMENTERIAN NEGARA PENDAYAGUNAAN APARATUR NEGARA / State Minister for the Empowerment of State Apparatus
116,996,906,000 --> 0.04% KEMENTERIAN NEGARA PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN / State Minister for Women Empowerment
115,040,639,000 --> 0.04% ARSIP NASIONAL REPUBLIK INDONESIA / National Archives of Republic of Indonesia
113,217,536,000 --> 0.04% PUSAT PELAPORAN DAN ANALISIS TRANSAKSI KEUANGAN / Indonesian Financial Transaction Reports And Analysis Center
99,779,082,000 --> 0.03% KOMISI YUDISIAL /
99,250,224,000 --> 0.03% KEMENTERIAN KOORDINATOR BIDANG KESEJAHTERAAN RAKYAT / Coordinating Minister for People Welfare
74,103,961,000 --> 0.02% BADAN STANDARDISASI NASIONAL / National Standardization Board
55,635,784,000 --> 0.02% BADAN PENGAWAS TENAGA NUKLIR NASIONAL / Nuclear Energy Controlling Board
55,136,144,000 --> 0.02% KOMISI NASIONAL HAK ASASI MANUSIA /
25,566,979,000 --> 0.01% DEWAN KETAHANAN NASIONAL /

Unfortunately, on February 2009, Indonesian's Government state that Indonesia will discuss the 2009 State Budget of Revenues and Expenditures (APBN 2009) with The Indonesian House Of Representatives to determine budget deficit and expant more budget for bailout (stimulus fiskal). Sri Mulyani, Ministry of Finance, said that If this draft agreed, it would be signed as APBN-P 2009 (Changed 2009 State Budget of Revenues and Expenditures).

If you need too download full page about The Act no.41 of 2008 and President's Polish No. 72 of 2008, you may download pdf version here :

Download Act 41 of 2008 ( Undang-undang No 41 Tahun 2008)

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Fri, 20 Feb 2009 04:30:00 +0000

Download
Undang-undang No. 41 Tahun 2008
President Polish no. 41 of 2008

about Indonesia 2009 State Budget of Revenues and Expenditures

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Indonesia 2009 State Budget of Revenues and Expenditures
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Download Perpres 72 Tahun 2008

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Fri, 20 Feb 2009 04:24:00 +0000

Download
Peraturan Presiden No. 72 Tahun 2008
President Polish no. 72 of 2008

Indonesia Detail 2009 State Budget of Revenues and Expenditures

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Indonesia Detail 2009 State Budget of Revenues and Expenditures
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Or you might be need to download all Peraturan Presiden No. 72 Tahun 2008 (President Polish no. 72 of 2008) with all appendix in one single file here :
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Download Perpres 72 Tahun 2008 lampiran 1

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Fri, 20 Feb 2009 04:01:00 +0000

Download
Peraturan Presiden No. 72 Tahun 2008 Lampiran 1
President Polish no. 72 of 2008 appendix.1

Indonesia Detail 2009 State Budget of Revenues and Expenditures classified by ministry/institute/board and organization units

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Download Perpres 72 Tahun 2008 lampiran 2

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Fri, 20 Feb 2009 03:55:00 +0000

Download
Peraturan Presiden No. 72 Tahun 2008 Lampiran 2
President Polish no. 72 of 2008 appendix.2

Indonesia Detail 2009 State Budget of Revenues and Expenditures classified by function, sub-function, program and expenditure types

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Download Perpres 72 Tahun 2008 lampiran 3

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Fri, 20 Feb 2009 03:42:00 +0000

Download
Peraturan Presiden No. 72 Tahun 2008 Lampiran 3
President Polish no. 72 of 2008 appendix.3

Indonesia Detail 2009 State Budget of Revenues and Expenditures classified by programs, activity action, and expenditure types

----------------------------------------------------
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Download Perpres 72 Tahun 2008 lampiran 4

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Download
Peraturan Presiden No. 72 Tahun 2008 Lampiran 4
President Polish no. 72 of 2008 appendix.4

Indonesia Detail 2009 State Budget of Revenues and Expenditures classified by location and expenditure types.

----------------------------------------------------
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Introduction to Corruption

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Wed, 18 Feb 2009 13:22:00 +0000

Introduction to Corruption

Most of us have an idea of what corruption is. But we don’t necessarily share the same idea. That is why we need to ask the question about what corruption is. For example, do you believe giving money to speed up the processing of an application is corruption? Do you think awarding contracts to those who gave large campaign contributions is corruption? Do you think bribing a doctor to ensure your mother gets the medicine she needs is corruption? Do you think using government construction equipment to build an addition on one’s house is corruption?

Corruption is not just the clearly “bad” cases of government officials skimming off money for their own benefit. It includes cases where the systems don’t work well, and ordinary people are left in a bind, needing to give a bribe for the medicine or the licenses they need.

All of the above are examples of public corruption. They all involve the misuse of public office for private gain. In other words, they involve a government official benefiting at the expense of the taxpayer or at the expense of the average person who comes into contact with the government. By contrast, Private corruption is between individuals in the private sector, such as the Mafia extorting money from a local business. This course deals primarily with public corruption.

Definition
Public Corruption: The misuse of public office for private gain.

Ask Your Self
Which of the following scenarios are illustrations of public corruption:
• Companies colluding to fix prices in their industries
• Drivers bribing a police officer to avoid speeding tickets
• Political party officials rigging elections
• Companies selling their faulty products
• Children buying illegal narcotics for recreational use

Corruption vs. Gift Giving
Corruption is not only a western concept. In any society, there is a difference between what happens above board and what is under the table, of what is accepted and what causes outrage. Although different societies have their own notions of corruption, here are four questions to help determine what is right:
• Transparency: Do I mind if others know or the press reports on what I do?
• Accountability: Do I report my actions to others? Do they hold me to standards?
• Reciprocity: Would I feel hurt if others did the same thing?
• Generalization: Would it harm society if everybody did the same thing?

Gift giving in many village traditions, for example, is not considered corruption as the transaction is transparent and not secret; the scale is modest, not life-changing; the benefits are usually shared with the community, for example the council of elders; and the public rights are not violated.

Ask Your Self
Imagine that you are an official working for the government. What hospitality or gifts should you accept from contractors? Use the four questions listed above to guide you in your decisions.
• Cup of coffee or tea, lunch, dinner for your family
• Theatre tickets, overseas holiday, expenses for your children to study abroad
• Book, scarf, shirt or tie, TV set and video, car, house

Types of Corruption
There are many types of corruption. For most people, bribery probably comes first to mind when they hear the word corruption, but other common types of corruption include nepotism, fraud, and embezzlement.
Bribery: An offer of money or favors to influence a public official.
Nepotism: Favoritism shown by public officials to relatives or close friends.
Fraud: Cheating the government through deceit.
Embezzlement: Stealing money or other government property.

In talking about different types of corruption, an important distinction is between administrative corruption and political corruption.
Administrative Corruption: Corruption that alters the implementation of policies, such as getting a license even if you don’t qualify for it.
Political Corruption: Corruption that influences the formulation of laws, regulations, and policies, such as revoking all licenses, and gaining the sole right to operate the beer or gas monopoly.

Another important distinction is between grand corruption and petty corruption.
Grand Corruption: Corruption involving substantial amounts of money and usually high-level officials.
Petty Corruption: Corruption involving smaller sums and typically more junior officials.

Corruption levels can vary within a country for different types. For example, there may be very little grand corruption in a country with a relatively clean elite, but a large amount of petty corruption in the lower offices of government.

Ask Your Self
In small groups, find four examples of corruption from newspapers or personal experience. Identify the type of corruption involved in each case. In class, present the examples to the whole group. How similar or different are the examples? Post the examples from your class on the WBI course website. How different are the corruption cases across the countries participating in the course? As the course progresses, follow the development of these cases. Later we will come back to the question of what could be done to prevent these corrupt acts.

Costs of Corruption
Eve n if you don’t come into direct contact with corruption, corruption affects you. Corruption reduces the overall wealth in a country since it can discourage businesses from operating in such a corrupt setting.

In countries with high levels of corruption, for example, average income is about three times lower than in less corrupt countries (the difference between, say, Ukraine and the Czech Republic, Indonesia and South Korea, Nicaragua and El Salvador, or Chad and Namibia).

Corruption also reduces the amount of money the government has to pay good workers and purchase supplies, such as books and medicine. It distorts the way the government uses its money, too.

The result is that schools, health clinics, roads, sewer systems, police forces, and many other services that governments provide are worse than they would otherwise be. Because of this, infant mortality rates are also about three times higher and literacy rates are about 25 percentage points lower in high corruption countries than in countries with low to medium levels of corruption.

In addition, corruption is unfair and allows those with money or connections to bend the law or government rules in their favor. They can pay off judges, for example, or dive rt scarce drinking water to their land. For these reasons, corruption harms the environment and undermines trust in government.

Ask Your Self
Look at this picture carefully and answer the following questions.
• Describe what you see in the picture above.
• Would this be a typical scene in your country?
• How could corruption have contributed to the collapse of the highway?

Source: The World Bank

Drop Dead Models

noreply@blogger.com (Gerry's Realm) — Tue, 25 Nov 2008 13:36:00 +0000

Story of Models That Drop

Here is some example of world economic crisis, even models is become a victim of it.

Why, you say, it has a connection with economic crisis?

As you can see from the picture, the agency have to cut off inefficient expenses including....Janitor.

by GerrysRealm

Citigroup loses $9bn and plans to cut 52,000 jobs

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 20 Nov 2008 12:55:00 +0000

Citigroup loses $9bn and plans to cut 52,000 jobs

I saw TV yesterday and shock knowing that Citigroup loses $9bn and plans to cut 52,000 jobs. Citigroup, once the world's biggest bank, saw more than $9bn (£6bn) wiped off its value yesterday as its shares were locked in a downward spiral on Wall Street, amid fears the bank will lose billions more in the months ahead as bad debts pile up.

As the market closed, Citigroup shares were down by more than 22% at $6.45 (£4.30), their lowest level since 1995. From global top spot, the bank is now ranked fifth in the US by market value, behind the regional lender US Bancorp.

Citigroup's market capitalisation plunged to $35.5bn (£23.7bn) by the time the New York Stock Exchange closed. At the start of the day it was worth more than $44bn (£29.6bn), while a little more than a year ago Citi had a market value of $250bn (£167bn) and dominated US banking.

The sell-off in Citi shares increases the pressure on Vikram Pandit, the embattled chief executive who has failed to arrest its rapid decline. Since Pandit took over the helm of Citi last December, the company has posted losses of more than $20bn and the banking group has lost more than 73% of its market value.

Pandit revealed plans to cut 52,000 jobs from operations worldwide, including thousands in the City of London. Far from pleasing the market, the move served only to further depress the share price.

To make matters worse, several Wall Street analysts yesterday published bleak profits forecasts for Citigroup.

David Trone, banking analyst at Fox-Pitt Kelton, said he expects Citigroup to take net write-downs of $3bn during the fourth quarter. Trone also widened his quarterly loss estimate for Citigroup to 79 cents a share, from 8 cents.

Citigroup was the biggest loser among US banks yesterday on another nightmarish trading session on Wall Street.

Citi was not alone, as billions of dollars were slashed from the market values of all of America's biggest banks. Bank of America shares were down more than 14% at $13, and JP Morgan Chase shares fell more than 11% to $28.47.

The US labour department's consumer price index plummeted 1%, the biggest drop since records began in 1947. Analysts said earlier concern about inflation risks might soon be replaced by worries about deflation.

for more information, you can read at : http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2008/nov/20/citigroup-wall-street-banking-debt

Indonesia Economic

Global recession also impact indonesia market. Palm Oil Industrial Cluster, rubber, steel industry and garment sector have experienced the impact. Palm oil price drop until Rp. 350,- / kg on 15/10/2008 (read more at http://www.detiknews.com/read/2008/10/15/035215/1020146/10/harga-sawit-anjlok-hingga-rp-350-per-kilogram) and still continue drop to Rp. 200,- / kg on November. I hear from friends in Sumatera, to transport from field to processing plant may cost about Rp. 400.000/ton (1 ton = 1000 kg). This is just production cost for transportation only.

Microsoft Tale

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 20 Nov 2008 11:36:00 +0000

Microsoft Tale

In 2050 A.D. Bill Gates dies in a car accident. He finds himself in the Purgatory waiting room, when God enters...

"Well, Bill," says God, "I'm confused. I'm not sure whether to send you to Heaven or Hell: you helped society enormously by putting a computer in almost every home in the world, and yet you've also created some of the most unearthly frustrations known to mankind. I'm going to do something I've never done before: I'm going to let you choose where you want to go."

Bill replies, "Well, thanks, God. What's the difference between the two?"

God says, "I'm willing to let you visit both places briefly to help you make your decision."

"Okay, where should I go first?" asks Bill.

God says, "That's up to you."

Bill says, "OK, let's try Hell first."
So Bill goes to Hell. It's a beautiful, clean, sandy beach with clear waters. There are thousands of beautiful women running around, playing in the water, laughing and frolicking about. The sun is shining, the temperature is just right. The whole thing looks perfect, and Bill is very pleased.

"This is great!" he tells God, "If this is Hell, I REALLY want to see Heaven!"

"Fine," says God, and off they go.

Heaven is a high place in the clouds, with angels drifting about playing harps and singing. It very nice but not as enticing as Hell. Bill thinks for a moment and announces his decision.

"Hmm, I think I prefer Hell." he tells God.

"Fine," says God, "As you desire."
So Bill Gates is taken to Hell.

Two weeks later, God decides to check up on Bill to see how he's doing in Hell. When God arrives in Hell, he finds Bill shackled to a wall, screaming amongst the hot flames in a dark cave. He's being burned and tortured by demons.

"How's everything going, Bill?" God asks.

Bill replies, his voice full of anguish and disappointment, "This is awful, it's not what I expected at all, I can't believe it. What happened to that other place with the beaches and the beautiful women playing in the water?"

God smiles and says, "That was the screen saver."

from : Anonymous

Indonesian Acronyms

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Tue, 11 Nov 2008 22:49:00 +0000

Indonesian Acronyms
Explore the full database by click read more below. To find an acronym first click on this page then from the "Edit" menu in your browser select "Find in Frame" (Netscape) or "Find on this page" (Internet Explorer).

AAD - Aliansi Aceh Damai, Aceh Peace Alliance

AAI - Indonesian Advocates' Association

AAP - Australian Associated Press

AAPMI - Association of Indonesian Fashion Designers

AAPN - Aliansi Advokasi Pendidikan Nasional, National Education Advocacy Alliance

ABB - Aliansi Buruh Bersatu, United Workers' Alliance

ABM - Aliansi Buruh Menggugat, Workers Challenge Alliance/Alliance of Laborers Demands

ABMKP - Aliansi Buruh Menggugat Kawasan Pulogadung, Pulogadung District Workers Challenge Alliance

ABRI - Angkatan Bersenjata Republic Indonesia, Indonesian Armed Forces (now TNI)

ABS - Aceh Barat Selatan, South-West Aceh (province)

ABTI - Aliansi Bhinneka Tunggal Ika, Unity in Diversity Alliance

ABY - Aliansi Buruh Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta Worker Alliance

ACSTF - Acehnese Civil Society Task Force

ADB - Asian Development Bank

Adkasi - Association of Indonesian Regional DPRDs

ADRI - Angkatan Darat Republik Indonesia, Indonesian Army

ADTK - Kelompok Kerja Aceh Damai Tanpa Korupsi, Aceh Working Group for Peace Without Corruption

AEI - Indonesian Public Companies Association

AFA - ASEAN Federation of Accountants

AFP - Agence France Presse

AGAP - Anti-Apostasy Movement Alliance

AICE - Association of Indonesian Coffee Exporters

AICESSCC - Indonesia-China Economic Social and Cultural Cooperation Association

AIMMI - Association of Indonesian Edible Oil Industries

AIPI - Asosiasi Ilmu Politik Indonesia, Association of Indonesian Political Scientists

AIPO - ASEAN Inter-Parliamentary Organization

AJI - Alliance of Independent Journalists

AKABRI - Akademi ABRI, Armed Forces Academy

AKML - Aksi Kesatuan Mahasiswa Lebak, Lebak United Student Action

ALA - Aceh Leuser Antara (province)

ALDP - Aliansi Demokratik untuk Papua, Democratic Alliance for Papua

ALRI - Angkatan Laut Republik Indonesia, Indonesian Navy

Alutsista - Alat utama sistem senjata, weapons system

AMAN - Aliansi Masyarakat Adat Nasional, National Indigenous Society Alliance/Alliance of Traditional Peoples

AMAN - Nusantara Community Alliance

AMAR - Aliansi Mahasiswa Antikorupsi Riau, Riau Anti-Corruption Student Alliance

AMD - ABRI Masuk Desa, ABRI community service program

AMDAL - Environmental Impact Analysis

Amdal - the Environmental Impact Analysis (2nd ref: the analysis

AMJK - Aliansi Mahasiswa Jaringan Kota, Urban Alliance Student Network

AMM - Aceh Monitoring Mission

AMM - ASEAN Ministerial Meeting

AMN - Akademi Militer Nasional, National Military Academy

AMP - Aliansi Mahasiwsa Papua, Papua Student Alliance

AMPPA - Aliansi Mahasiswa Peduli Perdamaian Aceh, Student Concern Alliance for Aceh Peace

Ampres - Amanat Presiden, Presidential Instruction

AMT - Akademi Militer Tangerang, Tangerang Military Academy

AMUK-Rakyat - Aliansi Masyarakat Untuk Kesejahteraan Rakyat, Social Alliance for the People's Welfare

ANEX - ASEAN News Exchange

Angkutdes - Angkutan Umum Pedesaan, Village Pubic Transport

AP - Aliansi Perempuan, Women's Alliance

AP - Associated Press

AP3I - Indonesian Retailers Association

APA - Acheh Peduli Acheh, Aceh Care For Aceh

APBD - Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah, Regional (Administrative) Budget

APBN - Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara, State Budget

APEC - Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation

APECC - Asia Pacific Exhibition and Convention Council

APEI - Association of Indonesian Securities Companies

APEKSI - Asosiasi Pemerintahan Kota Seluruh Indonesia, All Indonesia Association of City Administration

Apfindo - Indonesian Meat Producers and Feedlot

APHI - Association of Indonesian Forest Concessionaires/ Indonesian Timber Firm Association

APHI - Indonesian Legal Counsel and Human Rights Association

API - Aliansi Petani Indonesia, Indonesian Farmers Alliance

API - Asosiasi Textil Indonesia, Indonesian Textile Association

APINDO - Asosiasi Pengusaha Indonesia, Indonesian Employers Association

APJATI - Association of Labor Export Companies

APKI - Indonesian Pulp and Paper Association

Apkindo - Association of Indonesian Wood Panel Producers

APM - Aliansi Papua Mahasiswa, Papuan Student's Alliance

APM - Aliansi Perempuan Menggugat, Women's Challenge Alliance

Apnatel - Indonesian Telecommunications Association

Apodeti - Pro-integration group in East Timor

APPI - Aliansi Pemantau Pemilu Independen, Independent Election Monitoring Alliance

APPSI - Association for Provincial Governments of Indonesia (grouping of 33 governors)

Aprindo - Association of Indonesian Retailers

Aprisindo - Indonesian Footwear Makers Association

APTISI - Asosiasi Perguruan Tinggi Swasta Indonesia, Indonesian Association of Private Colleges

APU - Akta Pengakuan Utang, Debt Acknowledgement Certificate

ARAI - Aliansi Rakyat Anti Imperialisme, Anti-Imperialist People's Alliance

ARB - Aliansi Rakyat Bersatu, United People's Alliance

ARC - Aceh Reconstruction Consortium

ARM - Aliansi Rakyat Menggugat, People's Charge Alliance/Alliance of People's Demand

ARPA - Aliansi Rakyat Peduli Air, People's Water Concern Alliance

Arpindo - Indonesian Association of Pager Operators

ARUP - Aliansi Rakyat Untuk Perubahan, People's Alliance for Change

ASEAN - Association of Southeast Asian Nations

ASEAN - CCI ASEAN Chamber of Commerce and Industry

ASEM - Asia-Europe Meeting Asia

Asirevi - Video Film Importers Association, 2nd ref association

ASIRI - Recording Industry Association

ASIS - Australian Secret Intelligence Service

ASITA - Association of Indonesian Tour and Travel Agencies

Askes - state-owned Health Insurance Company

Askindo - Indonesian Cocoa Association

Askrindo - Indonesian Credit Insurance

Aspadin - Association of Indonesian Producers of Packaged Drinking Water

ASPEK - Asosiasi Serikat Pekerja, Indonesian Association of Trade Workers

Aspiluki - Indonesian Computer Software Association

ASRI - Indonesian Fine Arts Academy

Astek - State insurance program

Asumsi - Aliansi Solidaritas Untuk Munir dan Demokrasi, Solidarity Alliance for Munir and Democracy

ATF - ASEAN Tourism Forum

ATK - Aliansi Tolak Korupsi, Anti-Corruption Alliance

Atma Jaya - Universitas Katholik, Catholic University

ATNI - National Theater Academy of Indonesia

AURI - Indonesian Air Force

AuSI - Alliance for Indonesian Wildlife

AWG - Aceh Working Group

BA - Bungga Aceh, Flower Aceh (women's group)

Babinsa - Bintara Pembina Desa, Non-commissioned military officer posted in villages and wards and affiliated with the civilian administration

Bajaj - motorized trishaw

Bakin - State Intelligence Coordinating Body

BAKN - Institute of State Personnel Administration

Bakom-PKB - Coordinating Body for National Unity

Bakorinda - Badan Koordinasi Intelijen Daerah, Regional Intelligence Coordinating Agency

Bakorlak - an interdepartmental agency for drug control

Bakornas - PB National Disaster Management Coordination Board

Bakornas BPB - Badan Koordinasi Penanggulangan Bencana dan Pengungsi, Disaster and Refugee Relief Coordinating Body

Bakornas PBP - National Disaster Management and Refugee Coordination Board

Bakorstanas - Agency for the Coordination of Support for the Development of National Stability

Bakorstanasda - the Jakarta Agency for the Coordination of Support for the Development of National Stability

Bakorwil - Badan Koordinasi Wilayah, Regional Coordinating Agency

Bakosurtanal - Coordinating Body for Survey and National Charting Development board

Baleg - Badan Legislasi, Legislative Agency

Balitbang - Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan, Research and Development Division/Agency

Bamus - House's Consultative Body

Bamus Betawi - Native Jakartans Association

Bandungwangi - Mutual Support for Friendship and Protection (a help group for Kramat Tunggak prostitutes)

Banpol - Civilian Assistance to Police

Banpro - Bandung Promotion Group

BAP - Berita Acara Pemeriksaan, Interrogation Report

Bapebti - Indonesian Commodities Exchange Agency

Bapedal - Environmental Impact Management Agency, agency

Bapedalda - Regional Environmental Impact Management Agency

Bapeka - Supreme Audit Body

Bapeksta - Export Service Facilitating Agency

Bapepam - Capital Market Supervisory Agency,

Bapfida - Film Control Agency or City Film Control Agency

Bapindo - Indonesian Development Bank

Bappebti - Futures Exchange Supervisory Board

Bappeda - city's Development Planning Board

Bappenas - National Development Planning Board

Bareskrim - Badan Reserse Kriminal, Criminal Investigation Bureau

Batan - National Atomic Energy Agency

BAZIS an - (Islamic) board which oversees the collection of alms

BBM - Bahan Bakar Minyak, fuel

BBM - bahan bakar minyak, fuel

BEM - Badan Eksekutif Mahasiswa, Student Executive Council

Bepedti - Commodities Trading Board

Berantas - People's Fortress to Fight Aceh Separatists

Bhinneka Tunggal Ika - Unity in Diversity

BIA - Armed Forces Intelligence

BIDA - Batam Industrial Development Authority

BIDSUS - an agency responsible for fighting certain crimes, like subversion, corruption and smuggling

BIMP-EAGA - East Asian Growth Area composed of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines

BIN - Badan Inteligen Nasional, National Intelligence Agency (formerly Bakin)

BK - Badan Kehormatan, Honorary Council

BKKBN - National Family Planning Board

BKKKS - Social Welfare Coordinating Body

BKKN - National Narcotics Agency

BKKSI - Badan Koordinasi Kabupaten Seluruh Indonesia, All Indonesia Regency Coordinating Agency

BKO - Badan koordinasi Operasi, Operational Unit

BKPM - Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal, Investment Coordinating Board

BKPMD - Regional Investment Coordinating Board

BKSAP - House of Representatives Inter-Parliamentary Body

BKSDA - Natural Resources Conservation Center a local natural conservation office

BKSP - Greater Jakarta Coordination Board

BLBI - Bantuan Likuiditas Bank Indonesia, Central Bank Liquidity Support

BLHI - Board of the Indonesian Environment Management

BLT - Bantuan Langsung Tunai, Direct Cash Assistance

BMG - Meteorology and Geophysics Agency

BMI - Banteng Muda Indonesia, Indonesian Young Bulls, youth organisation affiliated with the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle

BMP - Milisi Besi Merah Putih, Red White Iron Militia (pro-Jakarta East Timor militia group)

BOB - Barisan Oposisi Bersatu, United Opposition Front

Bopunjur - Bogor-Puncak-Cianjur

BOS - Banutan Operasi Sekola, School Operational Aid

BOS - Yayasan Penyelamatan Orangutan Borneo, Foundation to Save Borneo Orangutans

Botabek - Bogor, Tangerang and Bekasi

BP Migas - Upstream Oil and Gas Regulatory Agency

BP7 - and Agency for the Propagation of Pancasila) OR an agency entrusted with the task of disseminating the state-ideology Pancasila

BPD - Democratic Pioneer Star Faction

BPD - Regional Development Bank

BPEN - National Agency for Export Development, 2nd ref agency

BPH - Badan Pembinaan Hukum, Legal Development Agency

BPHN - Agency for National Legal Development

BPI - the over-the-counter market, the Indonesian Parallel Bourse (stock exchange)

BPIS - Strategic Industries Supervisory Agency whose 10 strategic industries also include rail, weapons, explosives and telecommunications companies.

BPK - Badan Pemeriksa Keuangan, Supreme Audit Agency (was Bapeka)

BPKP - Badan Pengawasan Keuangan dan Pembangunan, Financial and Construction Supervisory Agency

BPKP - Financial and Construction Supervisory Agency

BPLHD - Badan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup DKI, Jakarta Environmental Management Agency

BPN - Badan Pertanahan Nasional, National Land Agency

BPP - Biaya Pokok Penyediaan, Basic Supply Costs

BPPC - Clove Marketing and Buffer Stock Agency

BPPI - Indonesian Tourism Promotion Board

BPPK - an agency to supervise the affairs of national heroes and their widows

BPPKA - Foreign Contractors Management Body

BPPN - Badan Penyehatan Perbankan Nasional (National Banking Recovery Agency) BUT more commonly referred to as the Indonesia Bank Restructuring Agency (IBRA)

BPPT - Agency for the Assessment and Application of Technology

BPS - Badan Pusat Statistik, Central Bureau of Statistics

BPS - Central Statistics Agency

BPUT - Land Affairs Office

BRIEF - Business Review Indonesia Forum

Brigass - Brigade Siaga Satu, Red Alert Briga, youth wing of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle

BRM - Barisan Rakyat Merdeka, People's Independence Front

BRN - State Secrets Agency, later became Bakin

BRR - Badan Pelaksana Badan Rehabilitasi dan Rekonstruksi, Aceh Reconstruction and Rehabilitation Agency

BSF - See LSF

BTI - Barisan Tani Indonesia, Indonesian Peasants Front

Bulog - Badan Urusan Logistik, State Logistics Agency

BUMN - state-owned enterprises

BURT - Badan Urusan Rumah Tangga, BPPN

CAVR/KPKR - laporan Komisi Penerimaan, Kebenaran, dan Rekonsiliasi, Reception, Truth and Reconciliation Commission, Commissaoa de Acolhimento, Verdade e Reconciliacao

CBSA - Indonesian "active learning method" education system

CESDA - Center for the Study of Development and Democracy

CETRO - Center for Electoral Reform

Cetro - Centre for Electoral Reform

CFAN - Coordination Forum for Aceh and Nias

CGI - Consultative Group on Indonesia (was IGGI)

CGMI - Center Gerakan Mahasiwa Indonesia, Indonesian Student Movement Center (associated with the PKI)

CIDES - Center for Information and Development Studies

CIFOR - Center for International Forestry Research

CIPS - Center for Indonesian Property Studies

CIRUS - Center for Indonesian Regional and Urban Studies

CLDS - Center for Labor and Development Studies

CMI - Crisis Management Initiative

CNPPA-SEA - Commission on National Parks and Protected Areas for South East

CNRT - Conselho National de Resistancia Timorese, an East Timor resistance movement (National Resistance Council for an Independent East Timor)

COHA - Perjanjian Penghentian Permusuhan, Cessation of Hostilities Agreement

COSA - Komisi Pengatur Keamanan, Commission on Security Arrangement

CPIS - Center for Policy and Implementation Studies

CRP - Community Recovery Program, an NGO entrusted with distributing safety net funds from foreign donors

CSIS - Center for Strategic and International Studies

D4 - University diploma-level graduate

DAK - Dana Alokasi Khusus, Special Allocation Funds

Dalmas - Pengendalian Massa, Crowd Control

DAMRI - State-run bus company

Dandim - District Military Command

Danjen (Kopassus) - Commander General of Special Troop Commandoes

Danrem - Komandan Militar, Military Commander

DAP - Dewan Adat Papua, Papuan Traditional Council

DAU - Dana Abadi Umat, Religious Community Perpetuity Fund

DAU - Dana Alokasi Umum, General Allocations Fund/Grant

Dayah - Ikatan Mahasiswa Dayah Aceh, Aceh Student Association of Foster Mothers

DDII - Dewan Dakwah Islamiyah, Indonesian Council for Islamic Propagation

Dekopin - Indonesian Cooperatives Council

Demos - Indonesian Center for Democracy and Human Rights

Demos - Institute for Studies on Democracy and Civilian rights

Depadagri - Departemen Dalam Negeri, Department of Home/Internal Affairs

Depanri - National Aeronautics and Aviation Council

Deparlu - Departemen Luar Negeri, Department of Foreign Affairs

Depdag - Departmen Perdagangan, Department of Trade

Depdagri - Departemen Dalam Negeri, Home Affairs Department

Depdiknas - Departemen Pendidikan Nasional, National Education Department

Depkeh - Departemen Kehakiman, Department of Justice

Depkes - Departemen Kesehatan, Department of Health

Depkeu - Departemen Keuangan, Department of Finance

Depnaker - Departemen Tenaga Kerja, Department of Labour

Depnakertrans - Departmen Tenaga Kerja dan Transmigrasi, Department of Labour and Transmigration

Depsos - Departemen Sosial, Department of Social Services

Dewan Syuro/Syura/Syuriah - Advisory Board

DFN - National Film Board

DIA - Aceh Special Province

DIIJT - Coordination Team and Technical Team for the Assessment of the Establishment of Investment Funds for Infrastructure and Toll Roads

Dinas - Autonomous agency offices under the governor or mayor/regent

Dishub - Dinas Perhubungan, Public Relations Office

Disnaker - Dinas Tenega Kerja, Labour Office

DIY - Yogyakarta Special Province

DKI - Jakarta Special Province

DKP - Officers Honor Council or Honorary Press Council

DKS - Surabaya arts council

DLLAJ - City Land Transportation Agency

DOM - Military Operational Area

DPA - Deutsche Presse Agentur

DPA - Supreme Advisory Council (this body advises the President on matters in various sectors)

DPC - Dewan Pengurus Cabang, Board of Directors at the branch level

DPD - Dewan Perwakilan Daerah, Regional Representatives Council

DPD - Regional Wage Council

DPIS - Agency for the Supervision of Strategic Industry

DPKEKU - Indonesian Economic and Finance Reselience Council

DPN - National Productivity Council

DPO - Daftar Pencarian Orang, Wanted List

DPP - Central Executive Board

DPR - Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat, People's Representative Assembly, House of Representatives

DPRD - Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah, Provincial Legislative Council, local assembly, Regional House of Representatives

DPRD I - Provincial Legislative Council for provinces; City Council for cities

DPRD II - Regional Legislative Council for provinces; City Council for cities

DR - Reforestation Funds

DRN - National Research Council

DSN - National Standardization Board (environmental)

dst - dan seterusnya, and so on

EAGA - East ASEAN Growth Area, encompassing Indonesian provinces of North Sumatra and Aceh, the western parts of Malaysia and Thailand's southern areas

ECONIT - Advisory Group on Economic Industry and Trade

EJIP - East Jakarta Industrial Park

EKONID - German-Indonesian Chamber of Commerce and Industry

Elsam - Lembaga Studi dan Advokasi Masyarakat, Institute for Public Research and Advocacy

Elsham - Institute for Human Rights Studies and Advocacy

ESDM - Menteri Energi dan Sumber Daya Mineral, Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources

ET - (ex-political prisoner/former political detainee

ETAN - East Timor and Indonesia Action Network (formerly the East Timor Action Network)

FAGSAM - Front Anti Gerakan Aceh Merdeka, Anti-Free Aceh Movement Front

FAHMI - Front Aksi Himpunan Mahasiswa Islam, Islamic Student Association Action Front

Fakta - Jakarta Residents Forum

FAM - Front Aksi Mahasiswa, Student Action Front

FAM UI - , Front Aliansi Mahasiswa Universitas Indonesia, University of Indonesia Student Alliance Front

FAMP - Front Aksi Mahasiswa Papua, Papua Students Action Front

FAN - Front Anti Neoliberalisme, Anti-Neoliberal Front

FAS - Front Anti Separatis, Anti-Separatist Front (Aceh)

FASI - Indonesian Aerosport Federation

FBKM - Forum Buruh Kota Mojokerto, Mojokerto City Labour Forum

FBMB - Front Buruh Mahasiswa Bersatu, United Student Worker Front

FBMI - Federasi Buruh Metal Indonesia, Indonesian Workers Metal Federation

FBR - Native Jakarta Brotherhood Forum

FCHI - a Hindu intellectual organization.

FEUI - University of Indonesia's School of Economics and Finance

FISIP - Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, School of Social and Political Science of University of Indonesia

Fitra - Forum Indonesia untuk Transparansi Anggaran, Indonesian Forum for Budget Transparency

FKGBI - Forum Komunikasi Guru Bantu Indonesia, Indonesian Assistant Teachers Communication Forum

FKI - Indonesia Working Forum

FKKBB - The United Communication Forum of Bekasi Workers, Forum Komunikasi Kesatuan Buruh Bekasi

FKKP - Forum of Communication for Counterbalance Group

FKM - Forum Komunikasi Mahasiswa, Student Communication Forum

FKMJ - Forum Komunikasi Mahasiswa Jatinangor, Jatinangor Student Communication Forum

FKP - Front Kedaulatan untuk Papua, Front for Papuan Sovereignty

FKPGA - Communications Forum for Retired Garuda Employees

FKPI - Forum Kebangsaan Pemuda Indonesia, National Forum of Young Indonesians

FKPPI - Communication Forum of Indonesian Veterans' Children

FKPSM - Forum Komunikasi Pekerja Sosial Masyarakat, Communication Forum for Social Workers

FKSH - Forum of Social and Humanistic Studies in Yogyakarta.

FKUB - Communication Forum for Religious Harmony

FMF - Foreign Military Financing

FMIA - Front Mujahidin Islam Aceh, Aceh Islamic Mujahidin Front

FMN - National Students Forum, Forum Mahasiswa Nasional

FMNP - Front Mahasiswa Nasional Papua, Papuan National Student Front

FNPBI - Front Nasional Perjuangan Buruh Indonesia, Indonesian National Front for Labour Struggles

FOB - Forum Ormas Bersatu, United Mass Organisation Forum

FOBMI - Federasi Organisasi Buruh Migran Indonesia, Indonesian Migrant Workers Federation

FOR - Front Oposisi Rakyat, People's Opposition Front

Forbes - Forum Bersama, Joint Forum

Foreri - Forum for the Reconciliation of the Irian Jaya Community

Forkabi - Forum Komunikasi Anak Betawi, Betawi Children's Communication Forum

Forkassi - Communication Forum of Islamic Students

Forki - Indonesian Karate Federation

Formaci - Ciputat Student Forum

Formappi - Indonesian Parliamentary Social Concern Forum (parliamentary watchdog)

Fosko 66 - Forum, Studi dan Komunikasi, a study and communication forum

FP3 - Front Pembebasan Penindasan Papua, Liberation Front against the Oppression of Papua

FPD - Front Penegak Demokrasi, Upholders of Democracy Front

FPDRA - Front Perlawanan Demokratik Rakyat Aceh, Acehnese Popular Democratic Resistance Front

FPI - Islamic Defenders Front

FPIT - Forum Persaudaraan Indonesia Timur, East Indonesia Fraternity Forum

FPJ - The Jabotabek Student Front, Front Pelajar Jabotabek

FPMI - Forum Pekerja Metal Indonesia, Indonesian Metal Workers Forum

FPMP - Front Pembela Merah-Putih, Front of Red-White Defenders (Aceh militia group)

FPMR - Forum for Students and People Movement

FPN - Front Persatuan Nasional, National Unity Front

FPP - Front Pembebasan Petani, Farmers Liberation Front

FPPI - Front Perjuangan Pemuda Indonesia, the Indonesian Youth Front for Struggle

FPPL - Front Penyelamat Petani Lamongan, Lamongan Farmers Saviour Front

FPPRPB - Front Persatuan Perjuangan Rakyat Papua Barat, West Papua Peoples United Front for Struggle

FPR - Front Perjuangan Rakyat, People's Struggle Front

FPR - Reformed Entrepreneurs Forum

FPSG - Front Perjuangan Separatis GAM, Front for the Struggle Against GAM (Aceh militia group)

FRI - Forum Rektor Indonesia, Forum of Indonesian Rectors

FRJT - Front Rakyat Jawa Timur, East Java People's Front

Frontier - Front Perjuangan Rakyat untuk Demokrasi, People's Struggle Front for Democracy

Frostu - Front Sumatera Utara, North Sumatra Front (student group)

Frostu - Front Sumatera Utara, North Sumatra Front (student organisation)

FRPAM - Front Rakyat Papua Anti Militerisme, Papuan Anti-Militarism People's Front

FRPK - Forum Rakyat Peduli Kesehatan, People's Health Concern Forum

FSBSI - Federasi Serikat Buruh Sejahtera Indonesia, Indonesian Prosperity Trade Union Federation

FSK - Forum Silaturahmi Karyawan, Employees Brotherhood Forum

FSPHI - Forum Solidaritas Pembela HAM Indonesia, Solidarity Forum for Indonesian Human Rights Defenders

FSPI - Federasi Serikat Petani Indonesia, Indonesian Farmers Federation

FSPMI - Forum Serikat Pekerja Metal Indonesia, Indonesian Metal Trade Workers Forum

FSPSI - All-Indonesia Workers Union Federation

FSPUI - Muslim Solidarity Forum

G30S - abortive coup by the Indonesian Communist Party on Sept. 30, 1965

GAAPRI - Indonesian Association of Cigarette Companies

Gabsi - Indonesian Contract Bridge Association

Gaikindo - Association of Indonesian Automotive Industries

Gakin - keluarga miskin, poor families

Galib - Gerakan Aktivis Lingkungan Bandung, Bandung Environmental Activists Movement

GAM - Free Aceh Movement

GAMMA - Federation of Indonesian Metalworking and Machine Industry Associations

Gapensi - Indonesian Builders Association

Gapkindo - Indonesian Rubber Producers Association

GAPMMI - Indonesian Food and Beverages Association

Gappindo - Association of Indonesian Fishing Companies

GAPPRI - Association of Indonesian Cigarette Producers

GAS - Gerakan Anak Sosialis, Children's Socialist Movement

GASPERMINDO - Gabungan Serikat Pekerja Merdeka Indonesia, Indonesian Labor Union Confederation

GBHN - State Policy Guidelines

GBSI - Federation of Independent Trade Unions

GDN - national discipline movement Gegana bomb squad

Gebrak - Gerakan Bersama Rakyat, Untied People's Movement

Gema - Gerakan Mahasiswa, Student Movement

Gempita - diri Gerakan Masyarakat Untuk Pendidikan Politik Hukum dan HAM Indonesia, Indonesian Social Movement for Political Legal and Human Rights Education

Gempur II - Student and Youth Movement for Second Stage of Reformation

Gemuruh - Gerakan Mahasiswa Pengusaha Buruh, Student Employer Worker Movement

Genta - Gerakan Cinta Damai, Love of Peace Movement

Gerak - Gerakan Aceh Anti Korupsi, Aceh Anti-corruption Movement

Geram BUMN - Gerakan Mahasiswa Anti Manipulasi BUMN, Student Movement Against Manipulation of State-Owned Enterprises

Gerkatin - Organization For Care of the Deaf

Gestapu - Gerakan 30 September, September 30 Movement, 1965

Ginsi - Indonesian Importers Association

GK - Garda Kemerdekaan, Freedom Guard

GKBI - Federation of Indonesian Batik Cooperatives

GKJ - Gedung Kesenian Jakarta (Jakarta Playhouse)

GKST - Synod Council of the Central Sulawesi Christian Church

GMF - Garuda Maintenance Facility

GMKI - Gerakan Mahasiswa Kristen Indonesia, Indonesian Christian Students Movement

GMNI - Gerakan Mahasiswa Nasional Indonesia, Indonesian Nationalist Students Movement

GMNK - National Independent Student Movement

GMNU - Gerakan Mahasiswa Nahdlatul Ulama, Nahdlatul Ulama Student Movement

GNBB - Gerakan Nusantara Bangkit Bersatu, Indonesian United Awakening Movement

GNOTA - National Foster Parents Movement

Go Parang - Hold the Cleaver (Aceh militia group)

GOI - Government of Indonesia

Golkar - Golongan Karya (translates as functional group), the government-backed ruling political organization

Golput - the acronym for Golongan Putih, literally meaning "white group", coined to describe people who refuse to vote during the general elections.

GOWA - Government Watch

GPAK - Gerakan Perempuan Anti Kemiskinan, Women's Anti-Poverty Movement

GPBSI - All Indonesian Theater Organization

GPK - Popular Youth Movement, Gerakan Pemuda Kerakyatan

GPK - the government term meaning peace-disturbing movement or security disturbance groups

GPMP - Gerakan Pemuda Merah-Putih, Red-and-White Youth Movement (Aceh militia group)

GPSG - Gerakan Perjuangan Separatis GAM, Anti-Separatist Movement

GPUB - Generasi Peduli Udara Bersih, Clean Air Concern Generation

GRM - Marhaen's People Movement, an organization grouping disciples of the late president Sukarno

GRN - Gerakan Regenerasi Nasional, National Regeneration Movement

GSBI 1 - Gabungan Serikat Buruh Indonesia, Association of Indonesian Trade Unions

GSBI 2 - Gabungan Serikat Buruh Independen, Association of Independent Trade Unions

GSBI 3 - Gerakan Serikat Buruh Independet, Independent Trade Union Movement

GSPI - Gerakan Solidaritas Pengemudi Indonesia, Indonesian Youth Solidarity Movement

GUS - Coordinating Agency for the Development of the Informal Sector

GUSK - small-scale business task force

GUTR - Gerakan Untuk Transparasi Regional, Movement for Regional Transparency

Hamas - Himpunan Aktivis Mahasiswa, Student Activist Association

Hankamnas - National Defense and Security Board

HANTAM - Himpunan Aktivis Anti-Militer, Association of Anti-Military Activists

Hati - Hapus Hukuman Mati, Ban Capital Punishment

HGB - Hak Guna Bangunan, Building Permit/Licence

HGU - Hak Guna Usaha, Business Permit/Licence

Himasita - Association of Students for Plant Protection

Himni - Indonesian Nuclear Society

Himpala - Association of Nature Lovers

Hiperkes - the occupational health and safety program

Hipmi - Association of Young Indonesian Businessmen

HIPPI - Indonesian Indigenous Businessmen's Association

Hiswana Migas - Oil and Gas Business Association

Hizbut Tahrir - Party of Liberation

HKBP - Congregation of Toba Batak Protestant Churches

HKI - Indonesian Christian Church

HKMB - The Association of Buddhist Students, Himpunan Kerukunan Mahasiswa Budhis

HKTI - Indonesian Farmers Association

HMI - Association of Islamic Students

HMI-MPO - Himpunan Mahasiswa Islam Majelis Penyelamat Organisasi, Muslim Students Association for Reform (splinter group of HMI)

HMR - Himpunan Mahasiswa Revolusioner, Association of Revolutionary Students

HMWI - Indonesian Women Managers Association

HPH - Hak Pengusahaan Hutan, Forest concession (holder)

HPI - Himpunan Penerjemah Indonesia, Indonesian Translators Association

HPPIA - Association of Indonesian Researches and Students in Australia

HRWG - Human Rights Working Group

HSBI - Association of Islamic Art and Culture

HTI - Hizbut Tahir Indonesia

HTI - industrial timber estate

IAI - Indonesian Architects Association

IAI - Ikatan Advokat Indonesia, Indonesian Advocates Association

IAI - Ikatan Akuntan Indonesia, Indonesia Accountant Association

IAIN - State Institute of Islamic Studies

IATMI - Association of Petroleum Engineering Experts

IBF - International Badminton Federation

IBI - Indonesian Midwives Association

IBRA - Indonesian Bank Restructuring Agency

IBT - eastern part of Indonesia

ICEL - Indonesian Center for Environmental Law

ICIP - Indonesian Cleaner Industrial Production Program

ICIP - International Centre for Islam and Pluralism

ICMI - Association of Indonesian Muslim Intellectuals

ICW - Indonesia Corruption Watch

ICWA - Indonesian Council on World Affairs

IDI - Indonesian Doctors Association

IDT - presidential instruction on least developed villages program

IFES - International Foundation for Election Systems

IGA - Indonesian Gas Association

IGC - International Crisis Group

IGGI - Inter-Governmental Group on Indonesia (now CGI)

IIEE - Foundation Foundation of Indonesian Institute for Energy Economics

IIP - Institute of Public Administration

IISIP - Political and Social Sciences Institute

IJEG - Indonesian Japanese European Group

IJS - Jakarta Social Institute

Ikadin - Indonesian Bar Association

Ikagi - Association of Garuda Flight Attendants

Ikahi - Ikatan Hakim Indonesia, Indonesian Judges Association

Ikapi - Indonesian Publishers Association

IKARA - Ikatan Rakyat Aceh, Aceh People's Association

Ikasi - Indonesian Fencing Association

IKIP - Teachers Training Institute

IKJ - Jakarta Arts Institute

Ikohi - Ikatan Keluarga Orang Hilang Indonesia, Indonesian Association of the Families of Missing Persons

IKPM - Indonesian Fashion Designers Association

IKPN - Civil Servants Cooperatives Organization

ILIC - Indonesian Lead Information Center (environment group)

IMAMI - Indonesian Mosques Association

IMB - Izin Mendirikan Bangunan, building permit

IMD - Netherlands Institute for Multiparty Democracy

IMET - International Military Education and Training, Latihan dan Pendidikan Militer Internasional

IMI - Indonesia Motorsports Association

IMM - Ikatan Mahasiswa Muhammadiyah, Muhammadiyah Students Association

Imparsial - Indonesian Human Rights Watch

IMS-GT - Indonesia-Malaysia-Singapore Growth Triangle

IMT-GT - Indonesian-Malaysia-Thailand Growth Triangle

INACA - Indonesian Nati

INCIS - Indonesian Institute for Civil Society

Indef - Institute for the Development of Economics and Finance

INDRA - Indonesian Debt Restructuring Agency

INFA - Indonesian Forwarders Association

INFID - International NGO Forum on Indonesian Development

Infight - Indonesian Front for the Defence of Human Rights

Inkopal/ Primkopal - Navy's main/primary cooperatives

Inkopar - Federation of Employees Cooperative

Inkopkar - Workers' Central Cooperative

INPI - Indonesian NGOs Partners Initiatives

INPI-PACT - Indonesian NGOs Partners Initiatives Private Agencies Collaborating Together

INPRES - presidential instruction program

INSA - Indonesian National Shipowners Association

Insus - an agricultural intensification program

INTI - Chinese Indonesian Association

IPA - Indonesian Petroleum Association

IPB - Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor Institute of Agriculture

IPCOS - Institute for Policy and Community Studies

IPHI - Association of Indonesian Lawyers

IPKI - Independence Vanguard Party

IPKIN - Indonesian Association of Computer and Information Professionals

IPKTM - Small-holding Timber Permit

IPMI - Indonesian Fashion Designers Association

IPMI - Indonesian Management Institute

ipoleksosbud - ideology, politics, economic, social and cultures

IPS - Inter Press Service

IPSI - Indonesian Pencak Silat Association

IPTN - Bandung-based PT Industri Pesawat Terbang Nusantara,

IPU - Inter-Parliamentary Union

IPW - Indonesia Procurement Watch

IPW - Indonesian Police Watch

ISAI - Institute for the Studies on Free Flow of Information

ISAW - Indonesian Society for Animal Welfare

ISEI - Indonesian Economists Association

ISHI - Institute of Study on Human Interests

ISI - Indonesian Fine Arts Institute

ISPI - Ikatan Sarjana Pendidikan Indonesia, Association of Indonesian Teacher Graduates

ISSI - Indonesian Cycling Association

Istana Negara - State Palace

ISWI - Association of Indonesian Women Graduates

ITB - Bandung Institute of Technology

ITDP - New York-based Institute for Transportation and Development Policy

ITI - Indonesian Technical Institute

ITP - Institut Titian Perdamaian, Footbridge Peace Institute

ITPB - Indonesia Tourism Promotion Board different from BPPI ??

ITTO - International Tropical Timber Organization

IWAPI - Ikantan Wanita Peruasaha Indonesia, Indonesian Women's Business Association

Jabotabek - Jakarta-Bogor-Tangerang-Bekasi (Greater Jakarta)

JAI - Jamaah Ahmadiyah Congregation

Jaker - Jaringan Kebudayaan Rakyat, People's Cultural Network

Jakprom - Jakarta Tourism Promotion Board

Jaksa Agung - Attorney General

JAMPPI - Jaringan Masyarakat Pemantau Pemilu Indonesia, People's Network for Elections Monitoring

Jarkot - Jaringan Kota, City Network

Jatam - Mining Advocacy Network

JATAM - Mining Advocacy Network

JATS - Jakarta Automated Trading System

JDA - Jaringan Demokrasi Aceh, Acehnese Democracy Network

JI - Jemaah Islamiah

Jibor - Jakarta interbank offered rate

JICA - Japanese International Cooperation Agency

JICT - Jakarta International Container Terminal

JIL - Liberal Islam Network

JIL - Liberal Islamic Network

JIMM - Muhammadiyah Young Intellectuals Network

JITC - Jakarta International Trade Fair Corporation

JMD - Jaringan Mahasiswa Demokratik, Democratic Student Network

JP - Journal Perempuan, Women's Journal (Jakarta-based women's magazine)

JPK - Jaringan Pergerakan Kota, Urban Movement Network

JPK-Gakin - poor families health insurance

JPPR - Jaringan Pendidikan Pemilih untuk Rakyat, People's Network for Voter Education

JPS - Social Security Net

JPU - Jaksa Penuntut Umum, Public Prosecutor

JRMK - Jaringan Rakyat Miskin Kota, Urban Poor Network

JSKK - Jaringan Solidaritas Keluarga Korban, Victims' Families Solidarity Network

JSMP - Judicial System Monitoring Program

JSX - Jakarta Stock Exchange

Kabareskrim - Kepala Badan Reserse Kriminal, Chief of the Criminal Investigation Agency

KABI - Association for Action of Indonesian Workers

Kabulog - Kepala Badan Urusan Logistik, head/director of the State Logistics Agency

Kadin - Kamar Dagang dan Industri, Indonesian Chamber of Commerce and Industry

KAGAMA - Alumni Association of Gadjah Mada University

Kalyana Mitra - Non-government organisation crisis centre

Kamaba - Keluarga Masyarakat Aceh Bandung, Bandung Community of Acehnese Families

KAMI - Indonesian Students Action Front

KAMMI - Kesatuan Aksi Mahasiswa Muslim Indonesia, Indonesian Muslim Students Action Front

Kamra - People's Security (militia)

KAMURRI - Students Action Front for Reformation

Kanwil - Kantor Wilayah, Regional Offices (district offices of the central government located in the provinces)

Kapci - Committee of Indonesian Advocates for the Disabled

Kapet - Biak Integrated Economic Development Zone

Kapolres - Kepala Polisi Resort, District Police Chief

Kapolsek - Kepala Polisi Sektor, Sectoral Police Chief

Kapuspen - Kepala Pusat Penerangan, Director of Information Centre

KARAT - Komite Aksi Untuk Korban Kekerasan, Peoples Action Committee for Victims of Violence

KARMA - Action Coalition of Acehnese Students

KASBI - Komite Aksi Serikat Buruh Indonesia, Indonesian Trade Union Action Committee

Kaster - Kepala Staf Teritorial, Chief of Territorial Affairs

KASUM - Komite Aksi Solidaritas Untuk Munir, Solidarity Action Committee for Munir

KAU - Coalition Against Debt

KBA - Komite Bersatu Aceh, Aceh Joint Committee

KBAB - Komisi Bersama untuk Aceh Baru, Joint Commission for a New Aceh

KBBI - Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Broad Indonesian Dictionary

KBKA - Joint Committee for Aceh

KBRI - Kedutaan Besar Republik Indonesia, Indonesian Embassy

KBS - Koalisi Buruh Surakarta, Surakarta Labour Coalition

KCBI - Indonesian Buddhists Association

KDEI - Indonesian Securities Central Depository

KDF - district development fund

KDRT - Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga, Domestic Violence

Kehakiman - Justice Department

Kejaksaan Agung - Attorney General's Department

Kejaksaan Tinggi - High Court

Kejati - Kejaksaan Tinggi, Chief Public Prosecutor

Kenduri Cinta - A cultural group

Kesra - Kesejahteraan Rakyat, People's Welfare

KFT - Indonesian Television Workers Association

KHL - Kebutuhan Hidup Layak, Reasonable Living Needs

KHM - Kebutuhan Hidup Minimum, Basic Cost of Living

KHN - Komisi Hukum Nasional, National Law Commission

Kimpraswil - Dinas Permukiman dan Prasarana Wilayah, Regional Housing and Infrastructure Agency

KIP - Kampong Improvement Program

KIPP - Independent Election Monitoring Committee

KISDI - Indonesian Committee for World Muslems Solidarity

KISS - Coordination, Integration, Synchronization and Simplification (system)

KITAS - Temporary Stay Permit

KKB - Kartu Kompensasi BBM, fuel compensation card

KKP - Komisi Kebenaran dan Persahabatan, Truth and Friendship Commission

KKP - Kredit Ketahanan Pangan, Food Security Credits

KKPPI - Committee on Policies on Acceleration of the Construction of Infrastructure

KKR - Komisi Kebenaran dan Rekonsilasi, Truth and Reconciliation Commission

KLB - Kejadian Luar Biasa

KLJ - Jakarta Environment Caucus

KM - Keluarga Mahasiswa, Community of Students

KMAP - Koalisi Masyarakat Antimafia Peradilan, Anti-Court Mafia Social Coalition

KMBT - Komisi Mahasiswa Bawah Tanah, Underground Student Commission

KMHDI - Association of Indonesian Hindu Students

KMP - Komite Mahasiswa Papua, Papua Students Committee

KMPAN - Nusantara Youths-Students Committee

KNIP - Indonesian National Central Committee

KNPI - Indonesian National Youth Committee

Kobar - Workers Committee for Reform Action

Kodam - Komando Daerah Militer, Regional Military Command

Kodiklat - Military Education and Training Command in Bandung

Kodim - Komando Distrik Militer, District Military Command

Kombat - Komando Bela Tanah Air, Commandos for the Defense of the Fatherland

Kombes - Komisaris Jenderal, commissioner/superintendent

Komjen - Komisaris Jenderal, Commissioner General (police)

Komjen Pol - Komisaris Jenderal Polisi, Police General Commissioner

Komnas HAM - National Human Rights Commission

Komnas Perempuan - Komisi Nasional Perempuan, National Commission on Violence Against Women

Komparta - Community of Tap Water Customers

KONI - National Sports Council

Konphalindo - National Consortium for Nature and Forest Conservation in Indonesia

Kontras - Commission for Missing Persons and Victims of Violence

Koopskam - Komando Operasi Keamanan, Security Operation Command

Kopassus - Army Special Forces (red berets)

Kopkamtib - Operational Command for the Restoration of Security and Order a now defunct internal security agency

Kopti - Indonesian Soybean Curd and Soybean Cake Cooperative

Koramell - Komite Bersama Rakyat Jogja Menolak Lenga Lara, Yogya Joint People's Committee Against Suffering

Koramil - Komando Rayon Militer, Sub-District Military Command (Kecamatan) level

Korapabatu/KRPB - Koalisi Rakyat Papua Bersatu, Papuan People's United Coalition

Korem - Komando Resort Militer, Military Command at a level below the residency

Korpri - Indonesian Civil Servants Corps

Kosgoro - Multipurpose Cooperative of Mutual Assistance

Kostrad - Army Strategic Reserves Command (green berets)

Koter - Komando Teritorial, Territorial Command (military)

Kowani - Indonesian Women's Congress

KPA - Komando Peralihan Aceh, Aceh Transitional Command

KPA - Konsorsium Pembaruan Agraria, Agrarian Reform Consortium

KPB - State Joint Marketing Office

KPEN - National Economic Recovery Commission

KPHARSP - Coalition for the Struggle of the Fundamental Rights of the Papuan Civilian People

KPK - Koalisi Perlindungan Konsumen, Consumer Protection Coalition

KPK - Komisi Pembrantasan Korupsi, Corruption Eradication Commission

KPK - The Popular Youth Movement, Gerakan Pemuda Kerakyatan

KPLP - Indonesian Coast and Sea Guard Unit

KPM - The United Social Movement, Kesatuan Perjuangan Masyarakat

KPMA - Koalisi Pemuda dan Mahasiswa Antikorupsi, Youth and Students Anti-Corruption Coalition

KPP HAM - Komisi Penyelidikan Pelanggaran HAM, Commission for the Investigation of Human Rights Violations

KPPD - Pro-Democracy Women's Commission

KPPI - Kaukus Perempuan Parlemen Indonesia, Indonesian Women's Parliamentary Caucus

KPPRI - Indonesian Successors Struggle Association

KPPU - Komisi Pengawas Persaingan Usaha, Business Competition Supervisory Commission

KPR - housing loan/home loan

KPRP - Koalisi Perempuan dan Rakyat untuk Perubahan, Women's and People's Coalition for Reform

KPU - Komisi Pemilihan Umum, General Election Commission

KPU - Komisi Pemilu Umum

KPUD - Komisi Pemilihan Umum Daerah, provincial offices of the General Elections Commission

KPUD - Komisi Pemilu Umum Daerah, Local Office of the General Elections Commission

KRHN - Konsortium Reformasi Hukum Nasional, National Consortium for Legal Reform

KRI - Kapal Republik Indonesia, Republic of Indonesia Ship (similar to designations USS, HMS)

KRKP - Koalisi Rakyat untuk Kedaulatan Pangan, People's Coalition for Food Sovereignty

KSAD - Kepala Staf Angkatan Darat, Army Chief

KSAL - Kepala Staf Angkatan Laut, Navy Chief

KSAU - Kepala Staf Angkatan Udara, Airforce Chief

KSBSI - Konfederasi Serikat Buruh Sejahtera Indonesia, Confederation of Prosperity Labor Unions

KSPSI - Konfederasi Serikat Pekerja Seluruh Indonesia, Confederation of the All-Indonesian Workers Union

KTI - Indonesian Boxing Committee

KTM - Konferensi Tingkat Menteri, Ministerial Level Conference (WTO meetings)

KUD - village cooperatives

KUHAP - Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana, Criminal Procedural Code

KUHP - Kitab Undang-undang Hukum Pidana, Criminal Code

KUHPer - (or KUH Perdata) Civil Law Code

KUK - credit for small enterprises

Kukesra - People's Prosperity Business Credit (antipoverty drive)

KUT - credit for farmers

KUUI - Indonesian Muslim Congress

KWI - Bishop Council of Indonesia

KWK - Koperasi Wahana Kalpika, a bus cooperative established in 1996

LADI - Lembaga Anti Diskriminiasi Indonesia, Indonesian Anti-Discrimination Foundation

LAKA - Aceh Custom and Culture Institute

Lamindo - Latin America-Indonesia trading firm

LAN - National Institute of Administration

Lapan - National Space and Aviation Agency

Lapas - Lembaga Pemasyarakatan, Correctional Institution (prison)

LASA - Animal Advocacy Group

LBH - Legal Aid Institute , also see YLBHI

LBH APIK - Association of Indonesian Women for Justice

LEI - Indonesian Ecolabeling Foundation

LeiP - Lembaga Kajian dan advokasi untuk Independensi Peradilan, Indonesian Institute for an Independent Judiciary

Lekra - People's Cultural Institute

Lemhanas/Lemhannas - National Resilience Institute

Lepmil - Coastal and Inland People's Empowerment Council

Lesperssi - Lembaga Studi Pertahanan dan Studi Strategis Indonesia, Indonesian Foundation for Defense and Strategic Studies

Letda - Letnan Muda, Second Lieutenant

LIPI - Indonesian Institute of Science

Lira - Lembaga Informasi Rakyat, People's Information Center

LKIN - Coordinating Institute of National Intelligence

LKMD - Community Welfare Organization, at village level

LMBR - Lingkar Mahasiswa Bandung Raya, Greater Bandung Student Circle

LMMY - Liga Mahasiswa Muslim Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta Muslim Student League

LMND - The Indonesian Student League for Democracy, Liga Mahasiswa Nasional untuk Demokrasi

LMP - Laskar Merah Putih, Red White Militia (anti-GAM Aceh militia group)

LMPTP - Liga Masyarakat Pegunungan Tengah Papua, the Papua Central Highlands Social League

LP2K - Institute for Consumers' Protection and Fostering

LP3ES - Institute of Research, Education and Information of Social and Economic Affairs

LP3M - Institute of Rural, Coast and Societal Studies

LPMP - Lembaga Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan, Education Excellence Institute

LPMSP - Lembaga Penguatan Masyarakat Sipil Papua, Institute for the Strengthening of Papuan Civil Society

LPND - Lembaga Pemerintah non Departemen, Non-Departmental Government Agencies

LPR - Laskar Pemuda Rakyat, Youth Fighters for the People

LPRM - Laskar Pemuda Rakyat Miskin, Youth Fighters for the Poor

LPSHAM - Lembaga Pengembangan Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia, Institute for Legal Development and Human Rights

LPSI - Institute for Strategic Studies of Indonesia,

LPU - General Elections Institute

LSADI/LS-ADI - Lingkar Studi Aksi untuk Demokrasi Indonesia, Action Study Circle for Indonesian Democracy

LSAF - Institute of Religious and Philosophical Studies

LSF - Film Censorship Institute, formerly called the Film Censorship Board (BSF)

LSI - Lembaga Survei Indonesia, Indonesian Survey Insitute

LSPP - Lembaga Studi Perkembangan Pers, Institute for Press and Development Studies

LUBER - langsung, umum, bebas, rahasia (direct, public, free and secret [elections])

LVRI - Indonesian Veterans Legion

MA - Supreme Justice

Mabes - Markas Besar, Headquarters

Mahkamah Agung - Supreme Court

Mahkamah Syariah - Syaria/Islamic Law Court, Supreme Court for religious affairs

Majelis Permusyawaratan Ulama - Ulama (Islamic religious leaders) Consultative Council

Makna - Masyarakat Anti Kekerasan Negara, People Against State Violence

Makoramil - Mabes Komando Rayon Militer, Sub-District Military Command (Kecamatan) level headquarters

MANI - Anti-Nuclear Society

Mapolresta - Mabes Kepolisian Resort Kota, Municipal Police headquarters

Mapolsek - Mabes Polisi Sektor, Sectoral Police Headquarters

MAPPI - Indonesian Antipiracy and Pornography Community

MAPPI - Masyarakat Pemantau Peradilan Indonesia, Indonesian Judicial Watch Society

MARA - Council for People's Mandate

Masjumi - defunct Islamic political party Majelis Syurro Muslimin Indonesia

Masyumi - Indonesian Muslim Congregation

MCK - mandi, cuci, kakus, public bathing, washing and toilet facilities

MDTFANS-World Bank - Multi Donor Trust Fund Aceh Nias World Bank

Mendag - Menteri Perdagangan, Trade Minister/Minister of Trade

Menhut - Menteri Kehutanan, Minister of Forestry

Menkeu - Menteri Keuangan, Finance Minister

Menko Kesra - Menteri Koordinator Bidang Kesejahteraan Rakyat, Coordinating Minister for People's Welfare

Menkopolkumkam - Minister/Ministry of Politics, Legal and Security Affairs

Menlu - Menteri Luar Negeri, Minister of Foreign Affairs

Mensesneg - Menteri Sekretaris Negara, State Secretary

Mentan - Menteri Pertahanan, Defense Minister

Menwa - Mahakarta Students Regiment (university military group, recruited and trained by military)

MHI - Masyarakat Hukum Indonesia, Indonesian Public Law Office

Milad - Peringatan Ulang Tahun Gerakan Aceh Merdeka, Free Aceh Movement anniversary commemorations

MIPPA - Indonesian Society for Alternative Press (Australia-based)

MK - Mahkamah Konstitusi, Constitutional Court

MKGR - Musyawarah Kekeluargaan Gotong Royong, a mass organization affiliated to Golkar which broke away in May 1998

MKGR - Mutual Assistance Consultative Organization

MMI - Indonesian Mujahidin Council

Mobnas - national car

Monas - the National Monument in Medan Merdeka Square, Centra Jakarta

MoU - Nota Kesepahaman, Memorandum of Understanding

MPI - Indonesian Forestry Society

MPPI - Press and Broadcast Society of Indonesia

MPR - Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat, People's Consultative Assembly

MPRS - Provisional People's Consultative Assembly

MPU - Majelis Permusyawaratan Ulama, Consultative Assembly of religious leaders in Aceh

MRP - Majelis Rakyat Papua, Papua People's Council

MRPP - Mergin Rata-Rata Per Pengguna, Average Margin Per User

MR-PTN - State Universities Rectors' Council

MRPTNI - Majelis Rektor Perguruan Tinggi Negeri Indonesia, Rectors Council for Indonesian State Colleges

MTI - Indonesia Transportation Society

MUI - Majalis Ulama Indonesia, Indonesian Ulemas Council

Mukad - Masyarakat untuk Kedamaian, People for Peace

Munas - Musyawarah Nasional, National Deliberative Council

Muspida - Musyawarah Pimpinan Daerah, Regional Consultative Councils

Muswil - Musyawarah Wilayah, Regional Meeting

NAD - Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam, Aceh

NAFED - National Agency for Export Development

Narkoba - narkotika dan obat-obatan terlarang, narcotics and prohibited drugs (drugs)

NCO - Nusantara Chamber Orchestra

NDCB - National Disaster Coordinating Board

NEM - grade point average from the final school exam

NERIC - Natural Resources Information Center

NI - Nurul Islam, Light of Islam

NKRI - Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia, the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia

NPWP - Nomor Pokok Wajib Pajak, Primary Taxpayers Registration Number

NTB - Nusa Tenggara Barat, West Nusa Tenggara

NTT - Nusa Tenggara Timur, East Nusa Tenggara

NU - Nahdlatul Ulama, a 30-million-strong Muslim organization.

OIC - Organization of Islamic Conference

OKI - Organisasi Konferensi Islam,

ONH - haj pilgrimage fund

OPM - Free Papua Movement

Organda - Organisasi Gabungan Angkutan Darat, Organization of Land Transportation Owners

Ormas - mass organizations

ORPAD - Organisasi Perempuan Demokratik Aceh, Women's Organisation for Aceh Democracy

Orpol - political organizations

Orsos - social organizations

OSP - Organisasi Sayap Partai (onderbouw), Organisations affiliated to political parties

OT - organisasi terlarang, prohibited organization

OTB - organisasi tanpa bentuk, formless organizations

Otsus - Otonomi Khusus, Special Autonomy

P2B - Penataan dan Pengawasan Bangunan

P2D - Perhimpunan Pendidikan Demokrasi, Democratic Education Association

P3DT - infrastructure development program in less-developed villages

P3KBI - Partai Pelopor Persatuan dan Kesatuan Bangsa Indonesia, Indonesian United and National Unity Pioneer Party

P3M - Indonesian Society for Pesantren and Community Development

P4 - Guidelines for the comprehension and practical application of Pancasila

P4D - Regional Committee for the Settlement of Labor Disputes (formerly attached to the Ministry of Manpower, scrapped in 2006)

P4P - National Committee for the Settlement of Labor Disputes (scrapped in 2006)

PABBSI - Indonesian Weightlifting, Powerlifting and Bodybuilding Association

Pacivis - Center for Global and Civil Society Studies

PAD - Pendapatan Asli Daerah, Locally Generated Revenue

Palyja - PAM Lyonnaise Jaya

PAM - Partai Amanat Muhammadiyah, Muhammadiyah Mandate Party

PAM - Perhimpunan Amanat Muhammadiyah, Muhammadiyah Mandate Association

PAN - National Mandate Party

Pangdam - Panglima Daerah Militar, Regional Military Commander

Pangdam Jaya - Panglima Jakarta, Jakarta Military Commander

Panja - Panitia Kerja, Working Committee

Pansus - Panatia Khusus, Special Committee

Pantura - Java's northern coast (pantai utara)

Panwas Pilkada - Panitia Pengawas Pilkada, Election Supervisory Committee at the regional level

Panwaslak or Panwaslakpus - Election Supervisory Committee

Panwaslu - Panitia Pengawas Pemilu, Election Supervisory Committee

PAP - Pemerintahan Adat Papua, Papuan Traditional Administration/Government

Parjal - Parliament of the Streets of West Papua

Parkindo - defunct Indonesian Christian Party

PASI - Indonesian Amateur Athletics Association

Paskas - Air Force's special force

Paspampres - Pasukan Pengamanan Presiden, Presidential Security Detail (old acronym was Paswalpres)

PB - Pengurus Besar, Executive Board

PBB - (Indonesian acronym for) United Nations

PBB - Crescent Star Party

PB-HAM - Posko Bantuan Hak Asasi Manusia, Human Rights and Legal Aid Post

PBHI - Perhimpunan Bantuan Hukum dan Hak Asasi Manusia Indonesia, Indonesian Legal Aid and Human Rights Association

PBI - Indonesia Workers Union

PBI - Indonesian Bowling Association

PBR - Reform Star Party

PBSI - Badminton Association of Indonesia

PBVSI - Indonesian Volleyball Association

PCPP - Association of Intellectuals for Pancasila Development

PD - Democratic Party

PDB - Produk Domestik Bruto, Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

PDBI - Indonesian Business Data Center

PDI - Partai Demokrasi Indonesia, Indonesian Democratic Party (now PDI-P)

PDII-LIPI - Center for Scientific Documentation and Information at the Indonesian Science Institute

PDI-P - Partai Demokrasi Indonesia Perjuangan, Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle

PDP - Partai Demokratik Pembaruan, Democratic Renewal Party

PDR - Partai Daulat Rakyat,

PDRM - Persatuan Demokratik Rakyat Miskin, Poor People's Democratic Union

PDS - Prosperous Peace Party

PDSD - Regional Civil Emergency Administrator

PDSP - Central/National Civil Emergency Administrator

Pefindo PT - Pemeringkat Efek Indonesia, the state (bond) rating agency,

Pekka - Program Pemberdayaan Perempuan Kepala Keluarga, Women-Headed Household

Pelindo - PT Pelabuhan Indonesia, a state-owned company assigned to managed several seaports in West Java

Pelti - Indonesian Tennis Association

Pemda - Pemerintah Daerah, Regional Government

Pemkab - Pemerintah Kabupaten, Regional Government

Pemprov - Pemerintah Provinsi, Provincial Government

PEPABRI - Armed Forces Veterans Association

Pepera - Penentuan Pendapat Rakyat, The 1969 UN sponsored referendum on West Papua's integration with Indonesia

Pepera - Persatuan Perjuangan Rakyat, Peoples United Struggle

PEPERA - United West Papua Popular Struggle Front

Peradah - Perhimpunan Pemuda Hindu Indonesia, Indonesian Association of Hindu Youths

Peradin - Association of Indonesian Advocates

Perbakin - Indonesian Target Shooting and Hunting Association

Perbanas - Federation of Private Domestic Banks

Perbasasi - Indonesian Baseball and Softball Association

Perbasi - Indonesian Basketball Association

PERC - Political & Economic Risk Consultancy

Percasi - Indonesian Chess Association

Perda - Peraturan Daerah, government regulation/by-law

Perhapi - Association of Indonesian Mining Professionals

Perhepi - Association of Agriculture Experts

Perisai - Persatuan Rakyat Indonesia Anti Imperialisme, Indonesian People's Anti-Imperialist Union

Perkemi - Indonesian Kempo Association

Perpani - Indonesian Archery Association

Perpobin - Indonesian Power Boating Association

Perpres - Peraturan President, Presidential Regulation/Decree

Perpu - Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-undang, Government Regulation in lieu of (and with the authority of) a law

Persagi - Indonesian Nutrition Association

Persani - Indonesian Gymnastics Association

Persero - Perseroan Terbatas, incorporated, limited (companies)

Persetasi - Indonesian Sepaktakraw Association

Persija - Jakarta Soccer Association

Persis - Persatuan Islam, United Islam

Persit - Association of Wives of Servicemen

Pertina - Indonesian Amateur Boxing Association

Pertisa - Persatuan Tiga Roda Aceh, Aceh Three Wheeled Association

Perum - state company

Perumka - state railway company Perusahaan Umum Kereta Api

Perumnas - Perrumahan Umum Nasional, State Housing Company

Peruri - state-owned securities paper and bank note printing company

Pesti - Indonesian Soft Tennis Association

PETA - Pembela Tanah Air, Defenders of the Fatherland

PFN - state-owned Movie Industry

PGI - Indonesian Communion of Churches (Protestant)

PGI - Indonesian Golf Association

PGN PT - Perusahaan Gas Negara

PGRI - Persatuan Guru Republik Indonesia, Indonesian Teachers Association

PGSI - Indonesian Wrestling Association

PHDI - Indonesian Hindu Religious Council

PHKI - Perjuangan Hak Konsumen Indonesia, Indonesia Consumer Rights Struggle

PHRI - Indonesian Hotel and Restaurant Association

PHSI - Indonesian Hockey Association

PIEL - Public Interest Environmental Lawyers

PIFA - Portugal-Indonesia Friendship Association

PII - Institute of Indonesian Engineers

PII - Pelajar Islam Indonesia, Indonesian Islamic Students

Pijar - Information Centre for Action and Reformation Network

PIKI - association of Protestant Intelligentsia

Pilkada - Pemilihan Kapala Daerah, Regional Government Elections

PIN - Pekan Imunisasi Nasional, National Immunization Week

PIN - Program Imunisasi Nasional, National Immunization Program

Pindad - Army Industrial Affairs Center (includes its weaponry industry)

Pintar - Pergerakan Islam untuk Tanah Air, Islamic Movement for the Fatherland/Motherland

PIPM - three stock market outlets established by JSX or capital market information centers

PIR - smallholders estate

PITI - Indonesian-Chinese Islamic Association

PJI - Persatuan Jurnalis Indonesia, Union of Indonesian Journalists

PJK - penyedia jasa keuangan, financial service providers

PJKA - old name of state railway company, now Perumka

PJKO - Penanggung Jawab Kebijakan Operasional, Operational Policy Coordinator

PJSI - Indonesian Judo Association

PK - Peninjauan Kembali, review (legal)

PKB - National Awakening Party

PKBI - Perhimpuan Keluarga Berencana Indonesia, Indonesian Family Planning Association

PKBL - Program Kemitraan dan Bina Lingkungan, Environmental Development Partnership programs

PKI - (defunct) Indonesia Communist Party

PKK - Pemberdayaan Kesejahteraan Keluarga, Family Welfare Movement, a community family welfare organization

PKP - Partai Keadilan dan Persatuan, Justice and Unity Party

PKPA - Pusat Kajian dan Pelindungan Anak, Center for Child Protection and Study

PKPI - Partai Keadilan dan Persatuan Indonesia, Indonesian Justice and Unity Party

PKPS - Penyelesaian Kewajiban Pemegang Saham, Resolution of Shareholder Obligations

PKPS - Program Kompensasi Pengurangan Subsidi BBM, Fuel Subsidy Reduction Compensation Program

PKS - Justice and Prosperity Party

PKWA - American Studies Center (at the University of Indonesia)

PKWT - Perjanjian Kerja Untuk Waktu Tertentu, Work Contract for a Specified Period

PLN - State Electricity Company

PLTGU - Pusat Tenaga Listrik Gas dan Uap, Combined Cycle Power Plant

PLTN - Nuclear Power Plant

PMB - Persatuan Masyrakyat Betawi, United Native Jakartans

PMI - Palang Merah Indonesia, Indonesian Red Cross

PMII - Indonesian Quality Management Control Association

PMII - Pergerakan Mahasiswa Islam Indonesia, Indonesian Islamic Students Movement

PMII - Perhimpunan Mahasiswa Islam Indonesia, Indonesian Islamic Students Association

PMKRI - Perhimpunan Mahasiswa Katolik Republik Indonesia, Association of Catholic Students

PMP - Partai Merah Putih, Red and White Party

PMPD - Pro-Democracy Students Party, established by a group of Hasanuddin University (Ujung Pandang) students in 1996

PMU - Project Management Unit (for Jakarta subway)

PN - state company

PNI - Indonesian National Unity established Oct. 1995 also Indonesian National Party

PNRI - state-owned Printing Company

PNS - Pegawai Negeri Sipil, (State) Civil Servant

PNUI - Nahdlatul Ummah Indonesian Party

PODSI - Indonesian Rowing Association

POGI - Indonesian Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology

Pokja - Working Group

Polda - Polisi Daerah, local police/regional police

Polres - Kepolisian Resor, District police

Polresta - Kepolisian Resort Kota, Municipal Police (at regency/city level)

POLRI - National Police

Polsekta - Polisi Sektor, Sectoral Police

Poltabes - Kepolisian Kota Besar, City/Municipal Police

Polwil - Kepolisian Wilayah, district police

Polwiltabes - Kepolisian Wilayah Kota Besar, Municipal District Police

POMG - parent-teacher association

PON - Pekan Olahraga Nasional, National Games/National Sports Week

Poperi - Association of Indonesian Lawyers Organizations

Pordasi - Indonesian Equestrian and Horse Racing Association

Porlasi - Indonesian Yachting Association

Porserosi - Indonesian Roller Skating Association

Posindo - PT Pos Indonesia, state-owned postal service company

Posko - Pos Kordinasi, Coordination Post

POSSI - Indonesian Diving Association

Posyandu - Pos Pelayanan Terpadu, Integrated Health Service Posts

PP - Pengurus Pusat, Central Leadership

PP - Peraturan Pemerintah, Government Regulation

PPA - Perusahaan Pengelola Aset, State Asset-Divestment Agency

PPATK - Financial Transaction Reports Analysis Center

PPB - Partai Persatuan Bangsa, National Unity Party

PPBI - Center for Indonesian Workers Struggle

PPD - state-run city or municipal bus company

PPD I - Provincial Elections Committee

PPD II - Regional Elections Committee

PPFI - Indonesian Film Company Organization

PPI - Indonesian Workers Party

PPIM - Center for Islamic and Community Studies

PPIP - Portugal-Indonesia Friendship Association

PPK/S - District/Subdistrict Polling Committees

PPMI - Serikat Pekerja Percetakan Media Informasi, Printing and Media Information Trade Union

PPMK - Sub-district Residents Empowerment Scheme

PPMKI - Vintage Car Lovers Association

PPN - value-added tax (VAT)

PPP - United Development Party

PPPM - the Association for the Development of Pesantren (traditional Islamic schools) and Society

PPS - Polling Committee

PPSK - Center for Strategy and Policy Studies

PPTI - Organization for Eradication of Tuberculosis

PPTN 1965 - Panitia Peringatan Tragedi Nasional 1965, Commemoration Committee for the 1965 National Tragedy

PPUN - Pekan Unggulan Peternakan Nasional, Supreme National Animal Husbandry Week

PPW - Center for Political and Regional Studies

PR - Pemuda Rakyat, People's Youth (youth wing of the PKI)

PRA - Partai Rakyat Aceh, Acehnese Peoples Party

PRD - Democratic People's Party

Prokasih - Clean River Program

Prolegnas - Program Legislasi Nasional, National Legislation Program

Propatria - Non-government organization or think tank comprising experts on defense issues

PRPP - Pendepatan Rata-Rata Per Pengguna, Average Revenue Per User

PRSI - Indonesian Swimming Association

PSASI - Indonesia Water Skiing Association

PSDH - Forest Resource Rent Provision

PSDH/DR - Provisi Sumber Daya Hutan/Dana Reboisasi, reforestation funds

PSHK - Pusat Studi Hukum dan Kebijakan, Centre for Legal and Policy Studies

PSI - Indonesian Socialist Party (defunct)

PSI - Indonesian Squash Association

PSPI - Center for the Study of Indonesian Property

PSRSI - Indonesian Squash Association

PSSI - All Indonesian Football Federation,

PT - Pemuda Tani, Farmers Youth

PT - Perusahaan Terbatas, Limited Company (PTY Limited)

PT Pindad - state-owned arms producer

PTI - Pemuda Tani Indonesia, Indonesian Farmers Youth

PTIK - Perguruan Tinggi Ilmu Kepolisian, Police Staff College

PTINSI - Perhimpunan Tani dan Nelayan Sejahtera Indonesia, Indonesian Farmer and Fisher Welfare Association

PTMSI - Indonesian Table Tennis Association

PTO - entertainment tax

PTP - Perusahaan Terbatas Perkebunan, Plantation Company

PTPN - state plantation company

PTS - Perguruan Tinggi Swasta, Private College

PTS - Systematic Land Registration

PTTUN - State Administrative High Court

PTUN - Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara, State Administrative Court

PUDI - Partai Uni Demokrasi Indonesia, Indonesian Democratic Union Party

PuSHAM - Pusat Studi HAM, Human Rights Study Centre

Puskemas - Pos Kesehatan Masyarakat, Community Healthcare Centre

Puskesmas - Pusat Kesehatan Masyarakat, Community Health Centers

Puskopal - hospitals run by the navy, the army and the air force.

Puskopau - Indonesian Air Force Cooperative

Puspen - Pusat Penerangan, Information Centre

Pusri - PT Pupuk Sriwijaya, state-owned fertilizer company

PW - Pengurus Wilayah, Regional Board (of party or organisation)

PWI - Indonesian Journalists Association

Qanun - Peraturan daerah tentang Syariat Islam, local regulations on the implementation of Islamic law or how Islamic law is brought into effect

Raker - rapat kerja, working meeting

RAPBD - Rancangan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Daerah, Draft Regional (Administrative) Budget

RAPBN - Rancangan Anggaran Pendapatan dan Belanja Negara, Proposed State Budget

Raskin - cheap rice program

Ratih - civilian militia

RDPU - Rapat Dengar Pendapat Umum, Public Hearing

REDI - Regional Economic Development Institute

REI - Indonesian Real Estate Developers Association

Repdem - Relawan Perjuangan Demokrasi, Volunteers for Democratic Struggle, social organisation affiliated to the PDI-P

Repelita/Pelita Repelita - Five Year Development Plan

RIA - Republik Islam Aceh, Aceh Islamic Republic

RKL - Environmental Management Plan

RMS - South Maluku Republic (a separatist movement quashed in the 1950s)

RPD - Relawan Perjuangan Demokrasi, Volunteers for Democratic Struggle

RPJMN - National Medium-term Development Plan

RPL - Environmental Monitoring Plan

RpuK - Aceh Women Volunteers for Humanity

RRI - Radio Republik Indonesia, Radio Indonesia

RSCM - Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital

RSUD - city hospitals

RT - neighborhood unit

RTH - Ruang Tanah Hujan, Open Green Spaces

RTN - Rukun Tani Nelayan, Farmers and Fisherpeople Cooperative

RTRWK - Spatial plans for forest areas

RUPS - Rapat Umum Pemegang Saham, General Share Holders Meeting

RUU - Rancangan Undang-Undang, draft law

RUU APP - Rancangan Undang Undang Anti Pornografi dan Pornoaksi, Draft Anti-Pornography Bill (Pornography and Porno-Action)

RW - community unit

S1 - University degree-level graduate

SAKB - Log Transportation document

SAKO - Processed timber document

SAKO - Prossesed timber document

SAP - Solidaritas Aceh-Papua, Aceh-Papua Solidarity

SARA - tribal affiliations, religion, race and societal groups

Satgasus - special Jakarta traffic police squad

Satpol - Satuan Polisi (Pamong Praja), Civil Service Police

SBI - Bank Indonesia promissory note

SBIs/SBI - Bank Indonesia promissory notes

SBJ-P - The Jabotabek Trade Union for Struggle, Serikat Buruh Jabotabek Perjuangan

SBKRI - Surat Bukti Kewarganegaraan Republik Indonesia, Certificate of Indonesian Citizenship (for Chinese Indonesians only. The law which requires SBKRI was abolished in 1996)

SBMM - Food and Drink Trade Union, Serikat Buruh Makanan dan Minuman

SBR - Sanggar Belajar Rakyat, People's Learning Studio

SBSI - Indonesian Prosperous Labor Union

SBTPI - Serikat Buruh Transportasi Perjuangan Indonesia, Indonesian Transportation Trade Union for Struggle

SCBD - Sudirman Center for Business Development

SCHRA - Support Committee for Human Rights in Aceh

SD - Kindergarten

SD IMBAS - Satellite schools of a Gugus Sekolah (school affiliation)

SDA - sumber daya alam, natural resorces

SDI - Srikandi Demokrasi Indonesia, Indonesian Heroines of Democracy

SDSB - Sumbangan Dana Sosial Berhadiah, now defunct government-sponsored lottery

SEFA - Save Emergency for Aceh

SEFA - Save Emergency For Aceh

SEGERA - Solidarity Movement with the People of Aceh

Sekber - Forum Sekolah Bersama, Joint School Forum

Sembako - the nine basic commodities

Sepak - Serikat Pekerja Acehkita, Acehkita Workers' Union

Sepakad - Solidaritas Pedagang untuk Kedamaian, Trader's Solidarity for Peace

Seskab - Sekretaris Kabinet, Cabinet Secretary

Sesko - Military Staff and Command School

Seskoad - Army Staff and Command School (not College, not SESKOAD)

SGI - Satuan Tugas Inteligen, Joint Intelligence Task Force

SGJ - Serikat Guru Jakarta, Jakarta Teachers Union

SGP - Indonesian Press and Graphics Association

SHMJ - Suara Hak Asasi Manusia di Indonesia, Voice of Human Rights in Indonesia

SHS - state-owned Perum Sang Hyang Seri rice seed company

Sijori - triangle of growth involving Indonesia's Riau province, Singapore and Johor, Malaysia.

SIM - Surat Izin Mengemudi, Drivers Licence

Sipora - Foreigners Control Coordination

SIPPT - land-use permit

SIRA - Sentral Informasi Referendum Aceh, Aceh Referendum Information Center

Sishankamrata - Sistem Pertahanan Keamanan Rakyat Semesta, Integrated People's Security Defense System

Siskamling - neighborhood watch

SIUPP - Surat Ijin Usaha Penerbitan Pers (publishing license) issued by the Ministry of Information

SJB - Surat Jaminan Bank, bank guarantee

SK - Surat Keputusan, decree

SKB - Surat Keputusan Bersama, Joint Ministerial Decree

SKEPHI - Network for Forest Conservation in Indonesia

SKL - Surat Keterangan Lunas, Settlement Certificate

SKPK - Surat Keterangan Penyelesaian Kewajiban, Obligation Settlement Certificate

SKPP - Surat Ketetapan Penghentian Penuntutan, letter of order canceling an investigation

SKSHH - Forest Products Validation document

SKU - General Agency Permit for shipping

SLT - Subsidi Langsung Tunai, Direct Cash Subsidy (to compensate for fuel price increses)

SLTA - Sekolah Lanjutan Tingkat Atas

SLTP - Sekolah Lanjutan Tingkat Pertama, Junior High School

SMD - Serikat Mahasiswa Untuk Demokrasi, Student Union for Democracy

SMI - Indonesian Independent Union

SMID - Indonesian Students Solidarity for Democracy

SMP - senior high school

SMPI - Indonesian Press Solidarity Society

SMU - Sekolah Menengah Umum, State High School

SMUR - Solidaritas Mahasiswa Untuk Rakyat, Student's Solidarity for the People

SNB - Solidaritas Nusa Bangsa, Nusa Bangsa Solidarity (Island Nation Solidarity)

SNI - Indonesian National Standards (environmental standards)

SNP - Standar Nasional Pendidikan, National Education Standards

SNUP - Solidaritas Nasional Untuk Papua, National Solidarity for Papua

SOE - State Owned Enterprises (BUMN)

Soksi - Indonesian Organizational Center for Independent Employees

Somaka - Students Solidarity for Aceh Cases

Sorak Aceh - Anti-corruption movement in Aceh

SP3 - Perintah Penghentian Penyidikan, Order to Stop Investigation

SPBU - Stasiun Pengisian Bahan Bakar Umum, Petrol station

SPI - Serikat Petani Indonesia, Indonesia Farmers Union

SPM - Independence Workers Union

SPM - Serikat Pengamen Merdeka, Independent Buskers Union

SPMK - Surat Perintah Mulai Kerja, Work Commencement Orders

SPN - Serikat Pekerja Nasional, National Workers Union

SPP - Educational Management Contribution

SPR - Serikat Pemuda Rakyat, People's Youth Union

SPR - Serikat Pengacara Rakyat, People's Lawyers Union

SPRTMM - Serikat Pekerja Rokok Tembakau Makanan Minuman, Cigarette, Tobacco, Food and Drink Trade Union

SPS - Newspaper Publishers Union

SPSI - Serikat Pekerja Seluruh Indonesia, All Indonesia Workers Union

SPT - yearly tax assessment

SRI - Selamatkan Rakyat Indonesia, Save the Indonesian People

SRI - Survey Research Indonesia

SRMK - Serikat Rakyat Miskin Kota, Urban Poor People's Union

SSB - Surat Setoran Bangunan, Tax Transfer Certificates for property and buildings

SSE - Surabaya Stock Exchange

SSG - Sue Support Group

SSK - Satuan setingkat kompi, company level unit

SSP - Surat Setoran Pajak, Tax Transfer Certificates

STAIN - Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri, State College of Islamic Religious Studies

STN - The National Farmers Union, Serikat Tani Nasional

STNK - Surat Tanda Nomor Kendaraan, Motor Vehicle Licence/Registration

STO - automatic telephone system

STSI - Indonesian Arts High School

SUGMP - Surat Utang Global Milik Pemerintah, Government Owned Global Bonds

SUN - Surat Utang Negara, State Debt Securities/State bonds

Supersemar - March 11 1966 Presidential Executive Order

SUTET - Saluran Udara Tegangan Ekstra Tinggi, High-voltage transmission lines

Syarikat - Masyarakat Santri untuk Adv

Jakarta 2009 Budget

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Wed, 05 Nov 2008 22:29:00 +0000

2009 local budged based on new local unit

Due to respond the Jakarta Province Government local unit lean structure, the home department asked city administration 2009 local budged should be based on new organization structure. It is aimed the budged arrangement will appropriate with each local unit program.

The home department request is based on Ho Minister Regulation (Permendagri) No 45/2008 about Jakarta Local Unit Organization which stated the new organization should be effective in 2009, while the lean structure is based on Government Regulation (PP) No 41/2007 about Local Unit Organization and Home Minister Letter No 061/566/SJ about Local, Province, Regency, and City Organization Management.

“The new local unit arrangement has been sent to the council on October 24 and we hope the discussion could be run together with 2009 city local budged and will be legalized on November 2008,” Jakarta Governor Fauzi Bowo said, Wednesday (5/11).

Technically, appropriating 2009 local budged with new local unit is not difficult because the new structure based on the old one. “It can be shown the allocation is still the same by Rp 22.42 trillion. We hope the program and its allocation will not be changed,” Bowo added.

The governor statement is supported by city secretary Muhayat. Muhayat stated the city administration will has no difficulty to change the local budged into new local unit structure. It is because the 2009 local budged arranged by local unit program. “The lean structure will reduce the structural position, but the function is still the same,” stated Muhayat.

Meanwhile, A Zubaidi, the Head of Bureau of Organization and Methods, explained all provinces and regency/city around Indonesia must collect the new local unit structure lately a year after PP No 41/2007 published on July 23, 2007. “Plenty of provinces and regency/city have not collected yet up to July 23, 2008,” Zubaidi explained.

According to him, there are only 5 provinces like Papua, West Papua, Gorontalo, Riau Archipelago and Jakarta have not collecting the arrangement yet. The city administration needs discussion with its council to finish the arrangement.

BeritaJakarta.com

All Around the World

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Wed, 05 Nov 2008 22:05:00 +0000

All Around the World.....

In Lebanon, men are legally allowed to have sex with animals, but the animals must be female. Having sexual relations with a male animal is punishable by death.
(Like THAT makes sense)

In Bahrain, a male doctor may legally examine a woman's genitals, but is prohibited from looking directly at them during the examination. He may only see their reflection in a mirror.
(Do they look different reversed?)

There are men in Guam whose full time job is to travel the countryside and deflower young virgins, who pay them for the privilege of having sex for the first time... Reason: under Guam law, it is expressly forbidden for virgins to marry.
(Let's just think for a minute; is there any job anywhere else in the world that even comes close to this?)

In Hong Kong, a betrayed wife is legally allowed to kill her adulterous husband, but may only do so with her bare hands. The husband's lover, on the other hand, may be killed in any manner desired.
(Ah! Justice!)

Topless saleswomen are legal in Liverpool, England - but only in tropical fish stores.
(But of course!)

In Cali, Colombia, a woman may only have sex with her husband, and the first time this happens, her mother must be in the room to witness the act.
(Makes one shudder at the thought)

In Santa Cruz, Bolivia, it is illegal for a man to have sex with a woman and her daughter at the same time.
(I presume this was a big enough problem that they had to pass this law?)

In Maryland, it is illegal to sell condoms from vending machines with one exception: Prophylactics may be dispensed from a vending machine only "in places where alcoholic beverages are sold for consumption on the premises."
(Is this a great country or what? Not as great as Guam!)

Banging your head against a wall uses 150 calories an hour.
(Who volunteers for this stuff?)

Humans and dolphins are the only species that have sex for pleasure.
(Is that why Flipper was always smiling?)

The strongest muscle in the body is the tongue.
(Hummm... I won't touch THAT one!)

The ant can lift 50 times its own weight, can pull 30 times its own weight and always falls over on its right side when intoxicated.
(From drinking little bottles of...?)(Did the government pay for this research??)

An ostrich's eye is bigger than its brain.
(I know some people like that)

Starfish don't have brains.
(I know some people like that too)

And, the best for last... Turtles can breathe through their ass.
(No comment)

Tips for Woman When Choosing A Mate

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Wed, 05 Nov 2008 19:56:00 +0000

Tips for Woman When Choosing A Mate
When Choosing A Mate, Compare These Other Professionals To Scientist/Engineers :

DOCTOR

Supposedly, all women are after a Doctor, so don't expect your relationship to last more than 5 years. Eventually, he'll run off with some nurse from his office, or one of his young women patients that is pretending to be sick. He'll wait until you are stuck with a few kids to do this.

This is not a problem with your Engineer husband. He had a hard enough time meeting you. It is unlikely he'll ever meet another woman in his profession.

LAWYER

Do you seriously expect an honest, trusting relationship with someone who gets paid for lying?
Once again, this is not a problem with your Engineer spouse. He doesn't have enough social skills to lie convincingly. An additional drawback to marrying a lawyer is when the divorce happens you will get nothing.

SALESMAN/MARKETER/TRADER

See honesty segment under Lawyer. Plus, he will be traveling to trade shows, etc. where he will be in the company of other equally trustworthy individuals.
Don't be surprised when you get the invitation to show up on the Ricki Lake show. The company
that your Engineer husband works at will keep him in a cage, often called a cubicle, until he is ready to go home to you.

TEACHER

The only reason he entered this profession is so that he could be surrounded by newly post-pubescent girls who idolize him. He'll be in jail soon, and then you'll have to look for another man.

HAZARDOUS PROFESSIONS, I.E., POLICE, MILITARY, FIRE-FIGHTER,CONSTRUCTION WORKER, ETC.

Your husband, if he is not dead by some accident, will likely be crippled with a back injury, etc. just about the time you are at your sexual peak.
The only hazards that your Engineer husband will face is losing his eyesight by staring at the computer terminal for too long.

This hazard actually has some benefits. For one, he will not notice that you are getting older, since you will be a blur. He will remember you as when he first met you, because the memory will still be sharp.
And If you think he is looking at another woman, and you ask "Honey, were you looking at her?"
he'll honestly be able to say that he didn't even see her. [Intel]

Logo For Budget Mapipulation Blog

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sat, 25 Oct 2008 15:05:00 +0000

The Opportunities During Recession & Stagflation

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 12 Oct 2008 11:34:00 +0000

Opportunities During Recession & Stagflation

Many people often associate economic downturn with lack or absence of opportunities. “It’s simply impossible to make money much less to prosper during an economic recession or depression.”

This is absolutely not true.

Because the truth is, economic recessions or it’s uglier cousin, economic depressions, are just the perfect opportunities that anyone with vision can take advantage of to become not just rich – but filthy rich!

For the record no less than America’s second richest person alive, Warren Buffet whose personal fortune reached a dizzying $48 billion before he decided to give back to the society $31 billion can attest to this.

Warren Buffet built his massive fortune buying businesses and properties that most people had given up as lost. To many businessmen, he is the great rescuer who bailed them out of their economic miseries.

But of course Warren Buffet saw more than rescuing them out of their economic woes. If he sees no value or potential in their businesses, he sees no reason to buy them.

But what exactly does he know that ordinary mortals don’t usually know about economic downturns?

First and foremost, economic downturns don’t last. During bad times, Prophets of Doom would say the worst things about the economy.

Of course things are bad. But they only remain bad to a certain point. This is because of the thing called Economic Cycle.

Economic Cycles are periods in history of booms and busts. Economic cycles are the hallmarks of laissez faire system. Economic cycles behave just like the seasons.

And just like the seasons, the climate always changes. And just like the seasons you can predict a downturn or an upturn.

What happened just after just the turn of 20th century was a classic example of an economic boom suddenly gone bust.

In the roaring 20’s people thought that there was no stopping to the prosperous times. Until one day, people started dumping stocks at such a frenzy that it sent the whole world in probably the worst economic depression in history.

By all means the signs of a coming collapse were present. Stocks were at all time high. In fact unreasonably high. And people were living beyond their means.

The same thing happened again with the housing market in 2007 - 2008. Just a couple of years ago, the sense of affluence was everywhere with home values skyrocketing.

Because of the high cost of home ownership many Americans were forced to borrow beyond their means. The result was a credit crisis that sent the world reeling again in another round of recession.

So the question now is if we could predict an economic downturn, could we also predict an economic upturn?

The answer is yes.

If you religiously watch CNBC or read CNNmoney.com, you’d find that home prices had already gone low enough to attract the buyers back.

But how low it could get is the question. Prospective home buyers are still in the sidelines waiting for better bargains. The question this time is when will they decide that the price is already right enough to make them buy?

The following articles will open your eyes to the realities of economic cycles and the opportunities that you can take advantage of for your personal economic growth.

Competition vs. Collusion

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 09 Oct 2008 10:55:00 +0000

Competition vs. Collusion
By Sah Dong-seok
Deputy Managing Editor

Several months ago, I dropped in at a legal counsel's office in the southeastern inland city of Sangju to have farmland my father-in-law had inherited from his ancestors registered. While having a consultation at the office, I felt disturbed because the clerks there were unkind and stiff, and so I left the office without entrusting the work to them. I visited several other offices but attitudes of the office workers there were similarly cool.

Later I found that most legal counsels in the city in North Gyeongsang Province were bound by a pact under which they were supposed to receive the same fees on a monthly basis irrespective of the number of cases taken. Paradoxically enough, both the legal counsel office and employees were gaining if they didn't receive orders. It looked as if collusion among the legal counsels to keep registration fees high and maximize profits without competition has brought enormous losses to consumers. Ultimately, I gave my order to a counsel not affiliated with the pact but I felt very bitter about losses and economic inefficiency arising from the lack of competition.

As is shown in this case, competition is uncomfortable and collusion is sweet. Everyone dreams of avoiding competition and leading an equal and easy life. Competition is not only severe and inhuman but also requires us to trample others. Therefore, an equal world without competition has been the mankind's long-cherished dream and the birth of socialism putting priority on equality was somewhat inevitable. Socialism, a comfortable and humane ideology rejecting competition, exists on restraint and cooperation, envisioning that people can own as much as they want without greed. Yet the very selfish human nature made the gigantic socialism experiment a total failure.

In acute contrast, capitalism is based on competition. In this society, competition is the driving force of progress and advancement. It goes without saying that without competition, people would be lazy and wouldn't make any effort. Companies grow by producing goods at lower costs and selling them through competition. Collusion enables companies to have short-tem gains but hampers corporate growth and hurts consumer interests in the long run. In this era of borderless unbounded competition, collusion could bring fatal results to a nation's economic growth and development.

For private companies, market competition is a natural phenomenon. Their failure to get favorable responses form the markets prevents them from reaping profits and they can see their existence threatened. In this process, the quality of goods and services improves, the economy makes progress and disposable income rises. On the contrary, governments and state firms, with their virtual monopolies, don't need to risk bankruptcy and are prone to laziness because it's okay if more taxes are collected. With monopolistic profits, their structure is apt to swell, raising the need for constant slimming down, restructuring and privatization.

The most controversial field involving competition is education. Since the introduction of an equalization education policy in the 1970s, South Korea has deprived middle and high school students of the right to choose their schools, allocating them in blocks, except for special cases. The equalization policy had been designed to stem excessive competition but regrettably enough, public education has been crumbling. An increasing number of parents are sending their children, including even those in elementary schools, abroad to study and the proportion of private spending to total education expenses is soaring.

While it's partly true that fiercer competition in school has prompted private education to prosper and public education to collapse, more educators contend that the lack of competition between schools and teachers has left schools desolate and public education falling apart. They claim that should each school teach students English and other subjects effectively and efficiently and the competitiveness of schools revive, parents would depend less on overseas studying and private cram schools.

The latest moves to introduce the nationwide evaluation system for teachers and allow students to choose high schools will lay a groundwork for sharpening the competitiveness of public education. What's important is that schools will offer better education services so that parents won't look for private educational institutions and send their children abroad to schools that could be beyond their ability. The school-choice system should go in such a direction as to encourage each school to differentiate educations programs to meet demand from students and parents.

Competition has two faces. On the one hand, competition engineers progress. On the other, however, competition could destroy human dignity and make the very existence of society hard amid constant conflict if the winner-take-all hypothesis becomes the norm. Therefore, it will be necessary to take policy measures such as the creation of safety nets for the losers who are dropped in the process of competition, in addition to the establishment of a level playing field.

sahds@koreatimes.co.kr